资源简介

英语 选择性必修 第三册[RJ]
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
一、构词法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
com 与……一起；表示强调；共同 comprehensive,__computer, community, communicate, complete
sus 从下往上；在下方 sustain,__suspect, suspend, suspense, suspicion
re 用于加强语气，重新，再次，回到，反向 restrict,__refer, reverse, report, relate
logy ……学；……论 ecology,__biology, geology, psychology, technology
ly 表示程度，状态，方式；绑，捆 frequently,__elderly, lonely, silly, unlikely
二、同义词造句(cause, be responsible for, bring about, lead to, result in)
1．因患肺癌而死亡者，约90%是吸烟所致。
Cigarette__smoking__is__responsible__for__about__90%__of__deaths__from__lung__cancer.
2．忽视环境保护将会导致许多严重的后果。
The__ignorance__of__protecting__the__environment__would__result__in__a__lot__of__severe__consequences.
3．这些气体对环境造成难以估量的破坏。
These__gases__cause__untold__damage__to__the__environment.
4．温室气体会导致气候变化。
Greenhouse__gases__could__lead__to__climate__change.
5．只有行动能够带来改变。
Only__actions__can__bring__about__changes.
【规律总结】
cause作动词，意为“引起”，常用于坏的方面；
be responsible for意为“对……负责”，其引申含义也可表示因果；
bring about表示实施者为了获得某种结果而有目的地行动；
lead to与 result in相似，强调会造成某种结果，但产生的结果可能是坏的结果，也可能是好的结果，而且多用于描述客观的可能性和对未来的预测。
——Discover useful structures——
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．basin n. 流域；盆地；盆
2．penguin n. 企鹅
3．tropical adj. 热带的；来自热带的
4．chaos n. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱
5．nuclear adj. 原子能的；核能的；原子核的
6．jungle n. (热带)丛林；密林
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．reform vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造　n. 改革；变革；改良
2．undergo vt. 经历；经受(变化、不快等)
3．implement vt. 使生效；贯彻；执行
4．submit vt.& vi. 提交；呈递；屈服
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．harmonious adj. 和谐的→harmony n. 融洽；和谐；和睦→harmoniously adv. 和谐地
2．moderate adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的　vi.& vt. 缓和；使适中→moderately adv. 适度；适量→moderation n. 适度；适中；合理
3．annual adj. 每年的；一年的　n. 年刊；年鉴→annually adv. 一年一次地
4．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sense n. 感觉；意识；理智；意义　vt.感觉到；意识到→sensible adj. 明智的；合理的→sensitively adv. 敏感地；易受伤害地；谨慎地
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
on__behalf__of 代表(代替)某人
补全句子，总结规律
1．He said, “I like it very much.”
→He said that he__liked it very much.
2．He said to me, “I've left my book in your room.”
→He told me that he__had__left his book in my room.
3．“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne.
→Anne said that she__didn't__want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
4．The boy said, “I'm using a knife.”
→The boy said that he__was__using a knife.
5．They said, “We saw her in the street.”
→They said that they__had__seen her in the street.
6．The woman said, “I will come this morning.”
→The woman said that she__would__go that morning.
7．He said, “These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
8．She said, “Did you see him last night？”
→She asked__(me)__whether__I__had__seen him the__night__before．
9．“What do you want？” he asked me.
→He asked me what I__wanted．
10．He said, “Don't make so much noise, boys.”
→He told__the__boys__not__to__make so much noise.
探究一　热词
1.reform vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造　n. 改革；变革；改良(教材P28)
reformation n. 改革；改进；变革 reformer n. 改革者；改良者 reform ... into ... 把……改造成…… reform sb/oneself 改造某人/改过自新 reform of ... ……的改革
①He devoted all his energies to the reformation of science.
他把他的全部精力投入到了科学革新中。
②The reformer actively advocated for educational reform to improve the quality of teaching in schools.
这位改革者积极倡导教育改革，以提高学校的教学质量。
③We will try to reform him within the community.
我们将尽力在社区内部对他进行改造。
④The group intends to petition Parliament for reform of the law.
这个团体准备请求议会修改法律。
单句语法填空
①The criminal promised to reform himself (he) so he was released on parole.
②She was believed to be the last of the great educational reformer (reform)．
③He has urged complete reform of the welfare system.
翻译
④他们早已通过参加生产改造成为了好公民。
They__have__already__been__reformed__into__good__citizens__through__participation__in__production.
2．harmonious adj. 和谐的→harmony n. 融洽；和谐；和睦→harmoniously adv. 和谐地
The community works harmoniously together to create a harmonious environment, filled with harmony and mutual respect.
这个社区相处和谐，共同努力创造一种充满了融洽和相互尊重的和谐环境。
3．sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sense n. 感觉；意识；理智；意义　vt. 感觉到；意识到→sensible adj. 明智的；合理的→sensitively adv. 敏感地；易受伤害地；谨慎地
She has a keen sense of smell and is very sensitive to perfumes, so it is sensible for her to sensibly choose fragrance free products for her skin.
她的嗅觉很敏锐，对香水非常敏感，所以她谨慎地选择无香料护肤品是明智的。
单句语法填空
①The abuse of women needs to be treated seriously and sensitively (sensitive)．
②The story shows people that human beings can live with the animals harmoniously (harmonious)．
翻译
③轻柔的旋律在房间里营造了一种和谐的氛围。
The__soft__melodies__created__a__harmonious__atmosphere__in__the__room.
④他对他人的感受很敏感，总是尽量避免伤害他们。
He__is__very__sensitive__to__other__people's__feelings__and__always__tries__to__avoid__hurting__them.
探究二　直接引语和间接引语
直接引语和间接引语：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语(Direct Speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(Indirect Speech)。
语法点1　直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句，同时注意时态、人称、时间状语、地点状语等的变化
(1)时态的变化
直接引语向间接引语转化时，通常将宾语之中的时态往后推一个时态。
直接引语 一般现在时→ 一般将来时→ 一般过去时→ 现在完成时→ 现在进行时→ 间接引语 一般过去时 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时
①“I don't mind，” he said.
→He said he didn't mind.
②“It will rain soon，” he said.
→He said that it would rain soon.
③She said, “I went there yesterday.”
→She said that she had gone there the day before.
④He said, “You have told me this story.”
→He said that I had told him that story.
⑤He said, “I am waiting for her.”
→He said that he was waiting for her.
(2)人称的变化
主语：一随主，二随宾，三不变。
①She said, “I will go home.”
→She said that she would go home.(一随主)
②She said to me, “You can go with me.”
→She said to me that I could go with her.(二随宾)
③She said to me, “He will go home.”
→She said to me that he would go home.(三不变)
(3)时间状语、地点状语等其他变化
①时间状语：now→then; today→that day; tonight→that night; tomorrow→the next day; yesterday→the day before; this week (month, year ... )→that week (month, year ... ); last week (month, year ... )→the week (month, year ... ) before; next week (month, year ... )→the next/following week (month, year ... ); two days (weeks, months, years ... ) ago→two days (weeks, months, years ... ) before; so far→by then
②地点状语：here→there
③指示代词：this→that; these→those
④方向性动词：come→go
语法点2　直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化的情况
(1)直接引语是客观真理时。
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，” the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
(2)直接引语是过去进行时时。
Jack said, “Lily, where were you going when I met you in the street？”
→Jack asked Lily where she was going when he met her in the street.
(3)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时。
Tom said, “I was born on April 20, 1980.”
→Tom said he was born on April 20, 1980.
(4)直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变为间接引语时。
He said, “I get up at six every morning.”
→He said he gets up at six every morning.
(5)直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例：ought to, had better, used to)或已经是过去时的形式时(例：could, should, would, might)。
Peter said, “You had better come today.”
→Peter said I had better come that day.
语法点3　直接引语是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句时，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句
①“You have finished the homework, haven't you？” my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether/if I had finished the homework.
②“Do you go to school by bus or by bike？” he asked.
→He asked me whether/if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③She said, “Is your father an engineer？”
→She asked me whether/if my father was an engineer.
语法点4　直接引语是特殊疑问句时，间接引语应改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)
“Where have you been, Li Ming？” the teacher asked.
→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been.
语法点5　直接引语是祈使句时，间接引语应改为“tell (ask, order, advise等) sb (not) to do sth”
①He said, “Sit down, please.”
→He asked me to sit down.
②The teacher said, “Don't talk in class！”
→The teacher told us not to talk in class!
语法点6　直接引语是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest＋动名词或that ... (should) do”
He said, “Let's go to the film.”
→He suggested going to the film./He suggested that they (should) go to the film.
(1)单句语法填空
①We then asked the child if/whether she could see what her mom held in hand.
②The teacher said that she graduated (graduate) from university in 2010.
③The doctor told me to__take (take) the medicine three times a day.
④Mother told me that a friend in need is (be) a friend indeed.
⑤He said that another new hospital had__been__built (build) when he went back to his hometown the year before.
(2)将下列直接引语变为间接引语
①The teacher said to us，“Light travels much faster than sound.”
→The__teacher__told__us__that__light__travels__much__faster__than__sound.
②Susan asked me，“Do you like American country music？”
→Susan__asked__me__if/whether__I__liked__American__country__music.
③The captain said to the soldier, “Get it done by two o'clock.”
→The__captain__ordered__the__soldier__to__get__it__done__by__two__o'clock.
④“What do you want to eat tonight？” Tom asked me.
→Tom__asked__me__what__I__wanted__to__eat__that__night.
⑤“I'm sorry, but I have already had an engagement tonight，” Lucy said.
→Lucy_said_that_she_was_sorry_but_that_she_had_already_had_an_engagement__that__night.
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列词缀的含义及例词
1． logy→……学；……论→ecology；biology
2．sus →从下往上；在下方→sustain；suspect
3．com →与……一起；共同→comprehensive；community
4． ly→表示程度，状态，方式；绑，捆→frequently；elderly
(二)选词填空
harmonious, implement, reform, moderate, chaos
1．The government is planning to reform the education system in the country.
2．He prefers to take a moderate approach when dealing with conflicts.
3．The city was in chaos after the earthquake hit.
4．We need to implement new strategies to improve our business operations.
5．We strive to create a harmonious work environment for all employees.
维度二　语法运用
(三)将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1．“I will come and see you again this evening, Tom，” she said.
→She__told__Tom__that__she__would__go__and__see__him__again__that__evening.
2．The geography teacher said to us，“The earth travels around the sun.”
→The__geography__teacher__told__us__that__the__earth__travels__around__the__sun.
3．Mary asked me，“When did the British prince become infected with the disease？”
→Mary__asked__me__when__the__British__prince__became__infected__with__the__disease.
4．She said, “Do you like watching the advertisements on TV？”
→She__asked__me__whether/if__I__liked__watching__the__advertisements__on__TV.
5．His mother said to me, “Mr Harry is in charge of the work.”
→His__mother__told__me__that__Mr__Harry__was__in__charge__of__the__work.
维度三　素养提升
(四)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．我谨代表学生会感谢大家。
On__behalf__of____Student__Union I would like to thank you all.
2．他粗心的驾驶导致了一场严重的事故。
His careless driving resulted__in a serious accident.
3．我酗酒多年，但现在我已经改过自新了。
For years I was an alcoholic, but__now__I__have__reformed__myself．
(五)翻译
1．玛丽说她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语)
Mary__said__that__she__wanted__to__have__a__computer__of__her__own.
2．他说，她要来这里度个长假。(直接引语)
He__said，“She__will__come__here__to__have__a__long__holiday.”
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比70%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·湖南省邵阳市高二下期中)Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature. Behind my house, there is a mountain named Le Pouce, where I spent much time __1__ the forest as a kid. However, my instinct (天性) for exploration __2__ at the water's edge. Even though Mauritius is an island country __3__ by the Indian Ocean, the thought of entering the ocean made me __4__．
When I was about 10, this started to change. I began learning about the __5__ climate change presented to island countries, and I started developing an interest in protecting the environment. I watched nature documentaries, __6__ the steps I could take to change the world, __7__ I still didn't know how to effectively achieve it. Later, I took the National Geographic Society's Exploring Conservation courses, which set me on a path to helping start and __8__ the Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people's __9__ of protecting the ocean.
Gradually, I realized how much humans __10__ the ocean for its natural resources and that it was not as dangerous as I had imagined. My fear was rooted in a(n) __11__ of falling into a river in my childhood. Determined to overcome it, I became a certified diver.
Diving plays a big part in my life now, and I work to __12__ the protection of the underwater environment. I got encouraged by the __13__ of the activity when a parent told me her son insisted on replacing plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home.
Protecting the ocean is very __14__ and I'll keep devoting myself to it. And I sincerely hope more people will __15__ me. Only with everyone's effort can we make the world a wonderful place for human beings.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在毛里求斯长大，热爱大自然，长大后开始致力于海洋环境保护。
1．A.exploring B．transforming
C．extending D．constructing
答案：A
解析：explore 探索；transform 使变形；extend 扩大；construct 建造。根据上文“Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature.”可知，此处指作者小时候花很多时间探索森林。故选A。
2．A.shifted B．appeared
C．stretched D．stopped
答案：D
解析：shift 转移；appear 出现；stretch 拉长；stop 停止。根据下文“it was not as dangerous as I had imagined”以及上文“However”表示转折可知，作者认为海洋很危险，所以探索的天性止步于水边。故选D。
3．A.destroyed B．surrounded
C．covered D．represented
答案：B
解析：destroy 破坏；surround 围绕；cover 覆盖；represent 代表。根据下文“by the Indian Ocean”可知，此处指毛里求斯是一个被印度洋包围的岛国。故选B。
4．A.scared B．excited
C．addicted D．disappointed
答案：A
解析：scared 害怕的；excited 激动的；addicted 沉迷的；disappointed 失望的。上文“my instinct (天性) for exploration __2__ at the water's edge”提到作者不探索水边，说明害怕进入海洋。故选A。
5．A.progress B．threat
C．opportunity D．image
答案：B
解析：progress 进步；threat 威胁；opportunity 机会；image 图像。根据下文“climate change presented to island countries”以及常识可知，气候变化会给岛国带来威胁。故选B。
6．A.avoiding B．counting
C．highlighting D．considering
答案：D
解析：avoid 避免；count 计算；highlight 突出；consider 考虑。根据下文“the steps I could take to change the world”可知，此处指作者考虑采取哪些措施来改变世界。故选D。
7．A.then B．yet
C．thus D．moreover
答案：B
解析：then 然后；yet 然而；thus 因此；moreover 此外。上文提到作者考虑采取措施来改变世界，下文“I still didn't know how to effectively achieve it”提到作者仍然不知道如何有效地实现它，上下文为转折关系，应用yet。故选B。
8．A.lead B．follow
C．recognize D．prevent
答案：A
解析：lead 带领；follow 跟随；recognize 识别；prevent 阻止。根据下文“the Oceanic Project, an organization”可知，此处指作者领导海洋项目。故选A。
9．A.efficiency B．awareness
C．memory D．confidence
答案：B
解析：efficiency 效率；awareness 意识；memory 记忆；confidence 自信。根据上文“an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people's”可知，海洋项目组织致力于帮助人们了解海洋和提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选B。
10．A.paid back B．adapted to
C．depended on D．kept up
答案：C
解析：pay back 偿还；adapt to 适应；depend on 依靠；keep up 坚持。根据下文“the ocean for its natural resources”可知，人类依赖海洋的自然资源。故选C。
11．A.mood B．imagination
C．hobby D．experience
答案：D
解析：mood 情绪；imagination 想象力；hobby 爱好；experience 经历。根据下文“of falling into a river in my childhood”可知，作者的恐惧源于童年时掉进河里的一次经历。故选D。
12．A.turn down B．hold back
C．add up D．contribute to
答案：D
解析：turn down 拒绝；hold back 克制；add up 加起来；contribute to 有助于。根据上文“I started developing an interest in protecting the environment”可知，作者致力于保护水下环境。故选D。
13．A.introduction B．influence
C．advertisement D．prediction
答案：B
解析：introduction 介绍；influence 影响；advertisement 广告；prediction 预测。根据下文“of the activity ... after returning home”可知，作者受鼓舞是因为一个活动的影响。故选B。
14．A.risky B．impractical
C．shocking D．crucial
答案：D
解析：risky 有风险的；impractical 不切实际的；shocking 可怕的；crucial 重要的。根据下文“and I'll keep devoting myself to it”可知，作者将继续致力于保护海洋，因为这是重要的。故选D。
15．A.join B．respect
C．teach D．guide
答案：A
解析：join 加入；respect 尊重；teach 教学；guide 指导。根据下文“Only with everyone's ... for human beings.”可知，作者呼吁更多人加入环保活动中。故选A。
Ⅱ　七选五
(2024·湖南省长郡中学高二下质量检测)Once considered an optional lifestyle choice, recycling has become a commonplace activity in most areas. One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves re purposing a material into a new product of lesser quality. __1__
Downcycling is most common in terms of industrial materials. These products lose their value as they are recycled, which limits their capacity for new use. __2__ White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again. Another example of downcycling includes the use of plastic components.
__3__ Plastic, glass, and aluminium products coded with the number one may be remade into something of equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components. Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two. They may not be used to contain food grade items again upon being downcycled.
　Items available for downcycling often require additional chemicals, energy, and other treatments in order to transform them into something usable. __4__ Trash bins, tables, and chairs are also considered materials with a high energy cost to recycle.
__5__ This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes. Since these products can no longer be made into new ones, they will either have to be reused or discarded, typically in a landfill.
A．Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.
B．When a product reaches a code seven, it is considered no longer recyclable.
C．Durable plastic products in particular require much additional treatment.
D．Giving products a new life is considered a good way to reuse materials and avoid waste.
E．It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.
F．These recycled materials may often be put into new use.
G．Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种回收形式——降级回收，这种回收方式是将材料重新加工成质量更低的新产品。
1．答案：E
解析：上文“One type of ... of lesser quality.”提到了降级回收的方式。E项(它可以包括不同等级的塑料、纸制品和其他材料。)承接上文，具体介绍降级回收的相关信息。故选E。
2．答案：A
解析：下文“White writing paper ... white paper again.”提到白色书写纸被降级为硬纸板，所以不能再作为白纸使用。A项(它们的回收形式通常比原来的形式更弱且更便宜。)引出下文，下文的举例是对降级回收形式进一步的解释。故选A。
3．答案：G
解析：设空处为段首句，概括本段主要内容。下文提到产品上的代码或数字代表的是其等级以及是否可以回收。G项(产品都有代码，以确定其等级和是否可以回收。)概括下文。故选G。
4．答案：C
解析：根据上文“Items available for ... into something usable.(可用于降级回收的物品通常需要额外的化学品、能源和其他处理才能将其转化为可用的东西。)”可知，C项(耐用的塑料制品尤其需要更多的额外处理。)承接上文，继续介绍降级回收的处理方式。故选C。
5．答案：B
解析：下文介绍不能回收的产品。B项(当产品达到代码7时，它会被认为不可再回收。)引出下文。故选B。
Ⅲ　语法填空
(2024·江苏省南京市六校联合体学校高二下学情检测)In China, Tree Planting Day falls __1__ March 12, but more often people plant trees during Qing Ming Festival in early April. Newly planted trees can survive more __2__ (easy) with a warmer climate and frequent spring rainfall at that time.
China set March 12 as the National Tree Planting Day in 1979 to honor Sun Yat sen, __3__ died on March 12, 1925. Sun had once called for planting trees.
　Since 2013, Xi Jinping, who is the president of China, __4__ (join) Beijing citizens in tree planting activities for eleven years in a row. President Xi called on __5__ public to stick to the tradition of planting trees in spring. In 2017, he attended a tree planting activity in Chaoyang district of Beijing and said __6__ students should establish an awareness of protecting the environment and cherish the green plants.
China has seen a __7__ (remark) growth in forest resources and afforestation (造林) projects. Nationwide voluntary tree planting campaigns in China over the past four decades have seen increased participation by members of the public and nearly 79 billion __8__ (tree) have been planted. The campaign has made China the country with the __9__ (large) increase in forest resources and the largest area of __10__ (plant) forests.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了植树节的来历以及其重要意义。
1．答案：on
解析：考查介词。在具体的某一天，应用介词on。故填on。
2．答案：easily
解析：考查词性转换。应用副词easily修饰谓语动词survive，作状语。故填easily。
3．答案：who
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Sun Yat－sen，指人，从句中缺少主语。故填who。
4．答案：has joined
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Since 2013可知，应用现在完成时，主语为Xi Jinping，助动词应用has。故填has joined。
5．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：习主席呼吁公众坚持春天植树的传统。the public表示“公众”。故填the。
6．答案：that
解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。此处为间接引语，设空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中不作成分，没有词义，应用that引导。故填that。
7．答案：remarkable
解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词growth，应用形容词remarkable作定语。故填remarkable。
8．答案：trees
解析：考查名词。根据上文79 billion可知，应用名词复数。故填trees。
9．答案：largest
解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据上文定冠词the及下文and the largest area可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填largest。
10．答案：planted
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处修饰名词forest, plant与forest之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填planted。
　精深阅读
(2024·江苏省南通市通州高级中学高二下阶段测试)How can a large city find water for 10 million people if it is in the desert Fog catching nets on hills around the city of Lima, the capital of Peru, could solve the city's water shortages for good. A twenty meter high net tower will soon be displayed in the city as a solution to the problem.
Peru's capital city has just one inch of rain a year. The city sees high annual temperatures and water consumption rates. Located in a desert, the city's temperatures are higher than world averages. However, a unique feature of Lima's weather offers a way of meeting some of this demand. Located on the coast, Lima's surrounding hills are constantly bathed in waves of fog coming off the Pacific Ocean, and the moisture taken in by plants ensures they stay green year round.
　Inspired by fog nets placed by rural communities across the continent, Alberto Fernandez, a Chilean architect currently studying for a Ph.D.from University College London, has designed a series of towers and fog catching nets. They can collect as much as 1，000 liters of water per day, amounting to 3.6 million liters per year, if enough are put into use. Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds, collecting more vital water vapor (蒸气), and their unique shape means that no matter the direction of the wind, the moisture rich fog will strike some part of the structure directly.
The water will largely be used for agriculture—as the water would require filtering (过滤) before consumption—helping free up resources for city residents. Cheaper than filtering water from the Rimac River, these towers and nets, which Fernandez says could be built up to 200 meters high, are part of a series of designs for the Lima 2035 project. It aims to change current desertification and create a new place for sustainable and human centered food systems that promote healthy diets and improve incomes in the driest city on Earth.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秘鲁的首都利马这座地球上最干旱的城市通过安装捕雾网来解决水资源短缺的问题。
1．What makes plants in Lima stay green year round
A．The heavy rainfall. B．The high temperature.
C．The net tower. D．The unique location.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Located on the coast ... they stay green year round.”可知，利马位于海岸的独特位置使植物全年保持绿色。故选D。
2．What does Fernandez draw inspirations from
A．The direction of the wind.
B．The moisture rich fog.
C．The height of the tower.
D．The fog catching net.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inspired by fog nets ... fog catching nets.”可知，Fernandez (费尔南德斯)的灵感来自农村社区放置的捕雾网。故选D。
3．What will Fernandez's design mainly help to do
A．Supply drinking water.
B．Turn desert into rich soil.
C．Increase food production.
D．Develop healthy lifestyles.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The water will largely ... for city residents.”和“It aims to change ... in the driest city on Earth.”可知，Fernandez的设计主要为农业提供用水，提高城市收入，即提高当地的粮食产量。故选C。
4．Which of following would be a suitable title for the text
A．Fog catching towers help solve water shortage
B．The driest city on Earth faces a serious problem
C．Fernandez designed the first fog catching net
D．Water plays a role in a sustainable food system
答案：A
解析：标题判断题。文章围绕利马通过安装捕雾网来解决水资源短缺的问题展开，介绍了利马的地理位置使得雾气成为一种宝贵的水资源，为该市提供稳定的水源。这些收集的水将主要用于农业，为该市居民提供一种可持续的水资源解决方案。A项(捕雾塔有助于解决水资源短缺问题)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．display v. 展出；陈列；显示
2．average n. 平均水平；平均数　adj. 平均的；一般的
3．moisture n. 水分；水汽；潮气
4．strike v. 袭击，突击，进攻
5．desertification n. 沙漠化
(二)高频短语
6．for good 永远；永久
7．(be)__located__in/on 位于；坐落在
8．across__the__continent 横跨整个大陆
9．free up 释放；腾出(空间或时间)
10．a__series__of 一系列，一连串
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．The valley is surrounded by towering (tower) walls of rock.
2．The direction of the wind is constantly (constant) changing.
3．Small towns in South India serve as economic and cultural centres for the surrounding (surround) villages.
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．Most of the wine is unfit for human consumption.饮用
5．We tried to ensure that everyone got a fair deal.确保
6．He is still involved in voluntary work promoting local enterprise.促进
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．People in warring districts are dying because of lack of medicine.shortage
2．He produced a method to ease the traffic jams in the city.created
3．The present situation of the gold market has puzzled many economists.current
(六)长难句分析
Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds, collecting more vital water vapor (蒸气), and their unique shape means that no matter the direction of the wind, the moisture rich fog will strike some part of the structure directly.
句意：它们高耸的结构使其能够进入云层，收集更多重要的水蒸气，它们独特的形状意味着无论风向如何，富含水分的雾气都会直接击中结构的某一部分。
分析：连词and连接两个并列句；前一分句主干是Their__towering__structure__allows_
_them__to__get__into__the__clouds，现在分词短语collecting ... 作结果状语；后一分句主干是their__unique__shape__means__that；that引导宾语从句。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．The restaurant is located__in (位于) the heart of the city, making it easy for customers to find.
2．Our company is committed to meeting__this__demand__for (满足对……的这一需求)sustainable and eco friendly products.
(八)仿写句子
Inspired by fog nets placed by rural communities across the continent, Alberto Fernandez, a Chilean architect currently studying for a Ph.D.from University College London, has designed a series of towers and fog catching nets. (过去分词短语作状语)
仿写：受到大自然之美的启发，这位艺术家创作了一幅令人惊叹的风景画。
Inspired__by__the__beauty__of__nature,__the__artist__created__a__stunning__landscape__painting.
1(共88张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
单元主题：人与自然——环境保护
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
一、构词法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
com __________；表示强调；______ _______________, computer, community, communicate, complete
sus _________________ ________, suspect, suspend, suspense, suspicion
re 用于加强语气，重新，再次，回到，反向 _______, refer, reverse, report, relate
logy ________________ _________, biology, geology, psychology, technology
ly 表示程度，状态，方式；绑，捆 ___________, elderly, lonely, silly, unlikely
与……一起
共同
comprehensive
从下往上；在下方
sustain
restrict
……学；……论
ecology
frequently
二、同义词造句(cause, be responsible for, bring about, lead to, result in)
1．因患肺癌而死亡者，约90%是吸烟所致。
________________________________________________________________
2．忽视环境保护将会导致许多严重的后果。
______________________________________________________________________________
Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
The ignorance of protecting the environment would result in a lot of severe consequences.
3．这些气体对环境造成难以估量的破坏。
_________________________________________________________________
4．温室气体会导致气候变化。
_________________________________________________________________
5．只有行动能够带来改变。
_________________________________________________________________
These gases cause untold damage to the environment.
Greenhouse gases could lead to climate change.
Only actions can bring about changes.
【规律总结】
cause作动词，意为“引起”，常用于坏的方面；
be responsible for意为“对……负责”，其引申含义也可表示因果；
bring about表示实施者为了获得某种结果而有目的地行动；
lead to与 result in相似，强调会造成某种结果，但产生的结果可能是坏的结果，也可能是好的结果，而且多用于描述客观的可能性和对未来的预测。
WELCOME UNIT
——Discover useful structures——
预习检测 词汇打卡
自主学习 课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预习检测 词汇打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．basin n. _____________
2．penguin n. ______
3．tropical adj. __________________
4．chaos n. _______________
5．nuclear adj. _________________________
6．jungle n. ________________
流域;盆地;盆
企鹅
热带的;来自热带的
混乱;杂乱;紊乱
原子能的;核能的;原子核的
(热带)丛林;密林
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．_______ vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造　n. 改革；变革；改良
2．_______ vt. 经历；经受(变化、不快等)
3．_________ vt. 使生效；贯彻；执行
4．_______ vt.& vi. 提交；呈递；屈服
reform
undergo
implement
submit
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．harmonious adj. 和谐的→________ n. 融洽；和谐；和睦→___________ adv. 和谐地
2．moderate adj. 适度的；中等的；温和的　vi.& vt.缓和；使适中→_________ adv. 适度；适量→___________ n. 适度；适中；合理
3．annual adj. 每年的；一年的　n. 年刊；年鉴→________ adv. 一年一次地
4．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→______ n. 感觉；意识；理智；意义　vt.感觉到；意识到→________ adj. 明智的；合理的→_________ adv. 敏感地；易受伤害地；谨慎地
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
____________ 代表(代替)某人
harmony
harmoniously
moderately
moderation
annually
sense
sensible
sensitively
on behalf of
自主学习 课时语法
补全句子，总结规律
1．He said, “I like it very much.”
→He said that ________ it very much.
2．He said to me, “I've left my book in your room.”
→He _____ me that _________ his book in my room.
3．“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne.
→Anne said that ______________ to set down a series of facts in a diary.
4．The boy said, “I'm using a knife.”
→The boy said that ____________ a knife.
5．They said, “We saw her in the street.”
→They said that _____________ her in the street.
he liked
told
he had left
she didn’t want
he was using
they had seen
6．The woman said, “I will come this morning.”
→The woman said that _____________ that morning.
7．He said, “These books are mine.”
→He said that ______ books were his.
8．She said, “Did you see him last night？”
→She _________________________ him ______________．
9．“What do you want？” he asked me.
→He asked me what ________．
10．He said, “Don't make so much noise, boys.”
→He ______________________ so much noise.
she would go
those
asked (me) whether I had seen
the night before
I wanted
told the boys not to make
合作探究 课时重点
探究一　热词
1.reform vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造　n. 改革；变革；改良(教材P28)
reformation n. 改革；改进；变革
reformer n. 改革者；改良者
reform ... into ... 把……改造成……
reform sb/oneself 改造某人/改过自新
reform of ... ……的改革
①He devoted all his energies to the reformation of science.
他把他的全部精力投入到了科学革新中。
②The reformer actively advocated for educational reform to improve the quality of teaching in schools.
这位改革者积极倡导教育改革，以提高学校的教学质量。
③We will try to reform him within the community.
我们将尽力在社区内部对他进行改造。
④The group intends to petition Parliament for reform of the law.
这个团体准备请求议会修改法律。
【学会运用】　单句语法填空
①The criminal promised to reform _______ (he) so he was released on parole.
②She was believed to be the last of the great educational ________ (reform)．
③He has urged complete reform ____ the welfare system.
【学会表达】　完成句子
④他们早已通过参加生产改造成为了好公民。
____________________________________________________________________
himself
reformer
of
They have already been reformed into good citizens through participation in production.
2．harmonious adj. 和谐的→________ n. 融洽；和谐；和睦→______________ adv. 和谐地
The community works harmoniously together to create a harmonious environment, filled with harmony and mutual respect.
这个社区相处和谐，共同努力创造一种充满了融洽和相互尊重的和谐环境。
harmony
harmoniously
3．sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→______ n. 感觉；意识；理智；意义　vt. 感觉到；意识到→________ adj. 明智的；合理的→_________ adv. 敏感地；易受伤害地；谨慎地
She has a keen sense of smell and is very sensitive to perfumes, so it is sensible for her to sensibly choose fragrance free products for her skin.
她的嗅觉很敏锐，对香水非常敏感，所以她谨慎地选择无香料护肤品是明智的。
sense
sensible
sensitively
【学会运用】　单句语法填空
①The abuse of women needs to be treated seriously and __________ (sensitive)．
②The story shows people that human beings can live with the animals ___________ (harmonious)．
【学会表达】　完成句子
③轻柔的旋律在房间里营造了一种和谐的氛围。
____________________________________________________________________
④他对他人的感受很敏感，总是尽量避免伤害他们。
____________________________________________________________________
sensitively
harmoniously
The soft melodies created a harmonious atmosphere in the room.
He is very sensitive to other people’s feelings and always tries to avoid hurting them.
探究二　直接引语和间接引语
(1)时态的变化
直接引语向间接引语转化时，通常将宾语之中的时态往后推一个时态。
直接引语和间接引语：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语(Direct Speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(Indirect Speech)。
语法点1　直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句，同时注意时态、人称、时间状语、地点状语等的变化
直接引语 一般现在时→ 一般将来时→ 一般过去时→ 现在完成时→ 现在进行时→ 间接引语
一般过去时
过去将来时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去进行时
①“I don't mind，” he said.
→He said he didn't mind.
②“It will rain soon，” he said.
→He said that it would rain soon.
③She said, “I went there yesterday.”
→She said that she had gone there the day before.
④He said, “You have told me this story.”
→He said that I had told him that story.
⑤He said, “I am waiting for her.”
→He said that he was waiting for her.
(2)人称的变化
主语：一随主，二随宾，三不变。
①She said, “I will go home.”
→She said that she would go home.(一随主)
②She said to me, “You can go with me.”
→She said to me that I could go with her.(二随宾)
③She said to me, “He will go home.”
→She said to me that he would go home.(三不变)
(3)时间状语、地点状语等其他变化
①时间状语：now→then; today→that day; tonight→that night; tomorrow→the next day; yesterday→the day before; this week (month, year ... )→that week (month, year ... ); last week (month, year ... )→the week (month, year ... ) before; next week (month, year ... )→the next/following week (month, year ... ); two days (weeks, months, years ... ) ago→two days (weeks, months, years ... ) before; so far→by then
②地点状语：here→there
③指示代词：this→that; these→those
④方向性动词：come→go
(1)直接引语是客观真理时。
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，” the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
(2)直接引语是过去进行时时。
Jack said, “Lily, where were you going when I met you in the street？”
→Jack asked Lily where she was going when he met her in the street.
语法点2　直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化的情况
(3)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时。
Tom said, “I was born on April 20, 1980.”
→Tom said he was born on April 20, 1980.
(4)直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变为间接引语时。
He said, “I get up at six every morning.”
→He said he gets up at six every morning.
(5)直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例：ought to, had better, used to)或已经是过去时的形式时(例：could, should, would, might)。
Peter said, “You had better come today.”
→Peter said I had better come that day.
①“You have finished the homework, haven't you？” my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether/if I had finished the homework.
②“Do you go to school by bus or by bike？” he asked.
→He asked me whether/if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③She said, “Is your father an engineer？”
→She asked me whether/if my father was an engineer.
语法点3　直接引语是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句时，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句
“Where have you been, Li Ming？” the teacher asked.
→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been.
语法点4　直接引语是特殊疑问句时，间接引语应改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)
①He said, “Sit down, please.”
→He asked me to sit down.
②The teacher said, “Don't talk in class！”
→The teacher told us not to talk in class!
语法点5　直接引语是祈使句时，间接引语应改为“tell (ask, order, advise等) sb (not) to do sth”
He said, “Let's go to the film.”
→He suggested going to the film./He suggested that they (should) go to the film.
语法点6　直接引语是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest＋动名词或that ... (should) do”
(1)单句语法填空
①We then asked the child _________ she could see what her mom held in hand.
②The teacher said that she _________ (graduate) from university in 2010.
③The doctor told me ________ (take) the medicine three times a day.
④Mother told me that a friend in need ___ (be) a friend indeed.
⑤He said that another new hospital ____________ (build) when he went back to his hometown the year before.
if/whether
graduated
to take
is
had been built
(2)将下列直接引语变为间接引语
①The teacher said to us，“Light travels much faster than sound.”
→__________________________________________________________________
②Susan asked me，“Do you like American country music？”
→__________________________________________________________________
③The captain said to the soldier, “Get it done by two o'clock.”
→__________________________________________________________________
The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
Susan asked me if/whether I liked American country music.
The captain ordered the soldier to get it done by two o’clock.
④“What do you want to eat tonight？” Tom asked me.
→__________________________________________________________________
⑤“I'm sorry, but I have already had an engagement tonight，” Lucy said.
→__________________________________________________________________
Tom asked me what I wanted to eat that night.
Lucy said that she was sorry but that she had already had an engagement that night.
对点练习 巩固所学
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列词缀的含义及例词
1． logy→________________→________；________
2．sus →__________________→________；________
3．com →__________________→______________；__________
4． ly→表示______________________→_________；________
……学；……论
ecology
biology
从下往上；在下方
sustain
suspect
与……一起；共同
comprehensive
community
程度,状态,方式；绑,捆
frequently
elderly
(二)选词填空
1．The government is planning to _______ the education system in the country.
2．He prefers to take a ________ approach when dealing with conflicts.
3．The city was in ______ after the earthquake hit.
4．We need to ___________ new strategies to improve our business operations.
5．We strive to create a ___________ work environment for all employees.
reform
harmonious, implement, reform, moderate, chaos
moderate
chaos
implement
harmonious
维度二　语法运用
(三)将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1．“I will come and see you again this evening, Tom，” she said.
→__________________________________________________________________
2．The geography teacher said to us，“The earth travels around the sun.”
→__________________________________________________________________
She told Tom that she would go and see him again that evening.
The geography teacher told us that the earth travels around the sun.
3．Mary asked me，“When did the British prince become infected with the disease？”
→__________________________________________________________________
4．She said, “Do you like watching the advertisements on TV？”
→__________________________________________________________________
5．His mother said to me, “Mr Harry is in charge of the work.”
→__________________________________________________________________
Mary asked me when the British prince became infected with the disease.
She asked me whether/if I liked watching the advertisements on TV.
His mother told me that Mr Harry was in charge of the work.
维度三　素养提升
(四)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．我谨代表学生会感谢大家。
________________________ I would like to thank you all.
2．他粗心的驾驶导致了一场严重的事故。
His careless driving _________ a serious accident.
3．我酗酒多年，但现在我已经改过自新了。
For years I was an alcoholic, ____________________________．
On behalf of Student Union
resulted in
but now I have reformed myself
(五)翻译
1．玛丽说她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语)
____________________________________________________________________
2．他说，她要来这里度个长假。(直接引语)
____________________________________________________________________
Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
He said,“She will come here to have a long holiday.”
课后课时作业
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比70%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·湖南省邵阳市高二下期中)Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature. Behind my house, there is a mountain named Le Pouce, where I spent much time __1__ the forest as a kid. However, my instinct (天性) for exploration __2__ at the water‘s edge. Even though Mauritius is an island country __3__ by the Indian Ocean, the thought of entering the ocean made me __4__．
When I was about 10, this started to change. I began learning about the __5__ climate change presented to island countries, and I started developing an interest in protecting the environment. I watched nature documentaries, __6__ the steps I could take to change the world, __7__ I still didn't know how to effectively achieve it. Later, I took the National Geographic Society's Exploring Conservation courses, which set me on a path to helping start and __8__ the Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people's __9__ of protecting the ocean.
Gradually, I realized how much humans __10__ the ocean for its natural resources and that it was not as dangerous as I had imagined. My fear was rooted in a(n) __11__ of falling into a river in my childhood. Determined to overcome it, I became a certified diver.
Diving plays a big part in my life now, and I work to __12__ the protection of the underwater environment. I got encouraged by the __13__ of the activity when a parent told me her son insisted on replacing plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home.
Protecting the ocean is very __14__ and I'll keep devoting myself to it. And I sincerely hope more people will __15__ me. Only with everyone's effort can we make the world a wonderful place for human beings.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在毛里求斯长大，热爱大自然，长大后开始致力于海洋环境保护。
篇章导读
1．A.exploring B．transforming
C．extending D．constructing
解析： explore 探索；transform 使变形；extend 扩大；construct 建造。根据上文“Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature.”可知，此处指作者小时候花很多时间探索森林。故选A。
答案
解析
2．A.shifted B．appeared
C．stretched D．stopped
解析： shift 转移；appear 出现；stretch 拉长；stop 停止。根据下文“it was not as dangerous as I had imagined”以及上文“However”表示转折可知，作者认为海洋很危险，所以探索的天性止步于水边。故选D。
3．A.destroyed B．surrounded
C．covered D．represented
解析： destroy 破坏；surround 围绕；cover 覆盖；represent 代表。根据下文“by the Indian Ocean”可知，此处指毛里求斯是一个被印度洋包围的岛国。故选B。
答案
解析
4．A.scared B．excited
C．addicted D．disappointed
解析： scared 害怕的；excited 激动的；addicted 沉迷的；disappointed 失望的。上文“my instinct (天性) for exploration __2__ at the water's edge”提到作者不探索水边，说明害怕进入海洋。故选A。
5．A.progress B．threat
C．opportunity D．image
解析： progress 进步；threat 威胁；opportunity 机会；image 图像。根据下文“climate change presented to island countries”以及常识可知，气候变化会给岛国带来威胁。故选B。
答案
解析
6．A.avoiding B．counting
C．highlighting D．considering
解析： avoid 避免；count 计算；highlight 突出；consider 考虑。根据下文“the steps I could take to change the world”可知，此处指作者考虑采取哪些措施来改变世界。故选D。
7．A.then B．yet
C．thus D．moreover
解析： then 然后；yet 然而；thus 因此；moreover 此外。上文提到作者考虑采取措施来改变世界，下文“I still didn't know how to effectively achieve it”提到作者仍然不知道如何有效地实现它，上下文为转折关系，应用yet。故选B。
答案
解析
8．A.lead B．follow
C．recognize D．prevent
解析： lead 带领；follow 跟随；recognize 识别；prevent 阻止。根据下文“the Oceanic Project, an organization”可知，此处指作者领导海洋项目。故选A。
9．A.efficiency B．awareness
C．memory D．confidence
解析： efficiency 效率；awareness 意识；memory 记忆；confidence 自信。根据上文“an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people's”可知，海洋项目组织致力于帮助人们了解海洋和提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选B。
答案
解析
10．A.paid back B．adapted to
C．depended on D．kept up
解析： pay back 偿还；adapt to 适应；depend on 依靠；keep up 坚持。根据下文“the ocean for its natural resources”可知，人类依赖海洋的自然资源。故选C。
11．A.mood B．imagination
C．hobby D．experience
解析：mood 情绪；imagination 想象力；hobby 爱好；experience 经历。根据下文“of falling into a river in my childhood”可知，作者的恐惧源于童年时掉进河里的一次经历。故选D。
答案
解析
12．A.turn down B．hold back
C．add up D．contribute to
解析：turn down 拒绝；hold back 克制；add up 加起来；contribute to 有助于。根据上文“I started developing an interest in protecting the environment”可知，作者致力于保护水下环境。故选D。
13．A.introduction B．influence
C．advertisement D．prediction
解析： introduction 介绍；influence 影响；advertisement 广告；prediction 预测。根据下文“of the activity ... after returning home”可知，作者受鼓舞是因为一个活动的影响。故选B。
答案
解析
14．A.risky B．impractical
C．shocking D．crucial
解析： risky 有风险的；impractical 不切实际的；shocking 可怕的；crucial 重要的。根据下文“and I'll keep devoting myself to it”可知，作者将继续致力于保护海洋，因为这是重要的。故选D。
15．A.join B．respect
C．teach D．guide
解析： join 加入；respect 尊重；teach 教学；guide 指导。根据下文“Only with everyone's ... for human beings.”可知，作者呼吁更多人加入环保活动中。故选A。
答案
解析
Ⅱ　七选五
(2024·湖南省长郡中学高二下质量检测)Once considered an optional lifestyle choice, recycling has become a commonplace activity in most areas. One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves re purposing a material into a new product of lesser quality. __1__
Downcycling is most common in terms of industrial materials. These products lose their value as they are recycled, which limits their capacity for new use. __2__ White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again. Another example of downcycling includes the use of plastic components.
__3__ Plastic, glass, and aluminium products coded with the number one may be remade into something of equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components. Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two. They may not be used to contain food grade items again upon being downcycled.
Items available for downcycling often require additional chemicals, energy, and other treatments in order to transform them into something usable. __4__ Trash bins, tables, and chairs are also considered materials with a high energy cost to recycle.
__5__ This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes. Since these products can no longer be made into new ones, they will either have to be reused or discarded, typically in a landfill.
A．Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.
B．When a product reaches a code seven, it is considered no longer recyclable.
C．Durable plastic products in particular require much additional treatment.
D．Giving products a new life is considered a good way to reuse materials and avoid waste.
E．It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.
F．These recycled materials may often be put into new use.
G．Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种回收形式——降级回收，这种回收方式是将材料重新加工成质量更低的新产品。
篇章导读
1．答案：E
解析：上文“One type of ... of lesser quality.”提到了降级回收的方式。E项(它可以包括不同等级的塑料、纸制品和其他材料。)承接上文，具体介绍降级回收的相关信息。故选E。
答案
解析
2．答案：A
解析：下文“White writing paper ... white paper again.”提到白色书写纸被降级为硬纸板，所以不能再作为白纸使用。A项(它们的回收形式通常比原来的形式更弱且更便宜。)引出下文，下文的举例是对降级回收形式进一步的解释。故选A。
答案
解析
3．答案：G
解析：设空处为段首句，概括本段主要内容。下文提到产品上的代码或数字代表的是其等级以及是否可以回收。G项(产品都有代码，以确定其等级和是否可以回收。)概括下文。故选G。
答案
解析
4．答案：C
解析：根据上文“Items available for ... into something usable.(可用于降级回收的物品通常需要额外的化学品、能源和其他处理才能将其转化为可用的东西。)”可知，C项(耐用的塑料制品尤其需要更多的额外处理。)承接上文，继续介绍降级回收的处理方式。故选C。
答案
解析
5．答案：B
解析：下文介绍不能回收的产品。B项(当产品达到代码7时，它会被认为不可再回收。)引出下文。故选B。
Ⅲ　语法填空
(2024·江苏省南京市六校联合体学校高二下学情检测)In China, Tree Planting Day falls __1__ March 12, but more often people plant trees during Qing Ming Festival in early April. Newly planted trees can survive more __2__ (easy) with a warmer climate and frequent spring rainfall at that time.
China set March 12 as the National Tree Planting Day in 1979 to honor Sun Yat sen, __3__ died on March 12, 1925. Sun had once called for planting trees.
Since 2013, Xi Jinping, who is the president of China, __4__ (join) Beijing citizens in tree planting activities for eleven years in a row. President Xi called on __5__ public to stick to the tradition of planting trees in spring. In 2017, he attended a tree planting activity in Chaoyang district of Beijing and said __6__ students should establish an awareness of protecting the environment and cherish the green plants.
China has seen a __7__ (remark) growth in forest resources and afforestation (造林) projects. Nationwide voluntary tree planting campaigns in China over the past four decades have seen increased participation by members of the public and nearly 79 billion __8__ (tree) have been planted. The campaign has made China the country with the __9__ (large) increase in forest resources and the largest area of __10__ (plant) forests.
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了植树节的来历以及其重要意义。
篇章导读
1．答案：on
解析：考查介词。在具体的某一天，应用介词on。故填on。
答案
解析
2．答案：easily
解析：考查词性转换。应用副词easily修饰谓语动词survive，作状语。故填easily。
3．答案：who
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Sun Yat－sen，指人，从句中缺少主语。故填who。
答案
解析
4．答案：has joined
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Since 2013可知，应用现在完成时，主语为Xi Jinping，助动词应用has。故填has joined。
5．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：习主席呼吁公众坚持春天植树的传统。the public表示“公众”。故填the。
答案
解析
6．答案：that
解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。此处为间接引语，设空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中不作成分，没有词义，应用that引导。故填that。
7．答案：remarkable
解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词growth，应用形容词remarkable作定语。故填remarkable。
答案
解析
8．答案：trees
解析：考查名词。根据上文79 billion可知，应用名词复数。故填trees。
9．答案：largest
解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据上文定冠词the及下文and the largest area可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填largest。
答案
解析
10．答案：planted
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处修饰名词forest, plant与forest之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填planted。
(2024·江苏省南通市通州高级中学高二下阶段测试)How can a large city find water for 10 million people if it is in the desert Fog catching nets on hills around the city of Lima, the capital of Peru, could solve the city's water shortages for good. A twenty meter high net tower will soon be displayed in the city as a solution to the problem.
精深阅读
Peru's capital city has just one inch of rain a year. The city sees high annual temperatures and water consumption rates. Located in a desert, the city's temperatures are higher than world averages. However, a unique feature of Lima's weather offers a way of meeting some of this demand. Located on the coast, Lima's surrounding hills are constantly bathed in waves of fog coming off the Pacific Ocean, and the moisture taken in by plants ensures they stay green year round.
Inspired by fog nets placed by rural communities across the continent, Alberto Fernandez, a Chilean architect currently studying for a Ph.D.from University College London, has designed a series of towers and fog catching nets. They can collect as much as 1，000 liters of water per day, amounting to 3.6 million liters per year, if enough are put into use. Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds, collecting more vital water vapor (蒸气), and their unique shape means that no matter the direction of the wind, the moisture rich fog will strike some part of the structure directly.
The water will largely be used for agriculture—as the water would require filtering (过滤) before consumption—helping free up resources for city residents. Cheaper than filtering water from the Rimac River, these towers and nets, which Fernandez says could be built up to 200 meters high, are part of a series of designs for the Lima 2035 project. It aims to change current desertification and create a new place for sustainable and human centered food systems that promote healthy diets and improve incomes in the driest city on Earth.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秘鲁的首都利马这座地球上最干旱的城市通过安装捕雾网来解决水资源短缺的问题。
篇章导读
1．What makes plants in Lima stay green year round
A．The heavy rainfall.
B．The high temperature.
C．The net tower.
D．The unique location.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Located on the coast ... they stay green year round.”可知，利马位于海岸的独特位置使植物全年保持绿色。故选D。
答案
解析
2．What does Fernandez draw inspirations from
A．The direction of the wind.
B．The moisture rich fog.
C．The height of the tower.
D．The fog catching net.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inspired by fog nets ... fog catching nets.”可知，Fernandez (费尔南德斯)的灵感来自农村社区放置的捕雾网。故选D。
答案
解析
3．What will Fernandez's design mainly help to do
A．Supply drinking water.
B．Turn desert into rich soil.
C．Increase food production.
D．Develop healthy lifestyles.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The water will largely ... for city residents.”和“It aims to change ... in the driest city on Earth.”可知，Fernandez的设计主要为农业提供用水，提高城市收入，即提高当地的粮食产量。故选C。
答案
解析
4．Which of following would be a suitable title for the text
A．Fog catching towers help solve water shortage
B．The driest city on Earth faces a serious problem
C．Fernandez designed the first fog catching net
D．Water plays a role in a sustainable food system
解析：标题判断题。文章围绕利马通过安装捕雾网来解决水资源短缺的问题展开，介绍了利马的地理位置使得雾气成为一种宝贵的水资源，为该市提供稳定的水源。这些收集的水将主要用于农业，为该市居民提供一种可持续的水资源解决方案。A项(捕雾塔有助于解决水资源短缺问题)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
答案
解析
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．_______v. 展出；陈列；显示
2． _______ n. 平均水平；平均数　adj. 平均的；一般的
3． ________ n. 水分；水汽；潮气
4． ______ v. 袭击，突击，进攻
5．desertification n. ________
display
average
moisture
strike
沙漠化
(二)高频短语
6．for good ___________
7． _______________ 位于；坐落在
8．__________________横跨整个大陆
9．free up ________________________
10．__________一系列，一连串
永远；永久
(be) located in/on
across the continent
释放；腾出(空间或时间)
a series of
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．The valley is surrounded by _________ (tower) walls of rock.
2．The direction of the wind is __________ (constant) changing.
3．Small towns in South India serve as economic and cultural centres for the ____________ (surround) villages.
towering
constantly
surrounding
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．Most of the wine is unfit for human consumption.______
5．We tried to ensure that everyone got a fair deal. ______
6．He is still involved in voluntary work promoting local enterprise. ______
饮用
确保
促进
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．People in warring districts are dying because of lack of medicine.________
2．He produced a method to ease the traffic jams in the city. ________
3．The present situation of the gold market has puzzled many economists. ________
create， shortage， current
shortage
created
current
(六)长难句分析
Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds, collecting more vital water vapor (蒸气), and their unique shape means that no matter the direction of the wind, the moisture rich fog will strike some part of the structure directly.
句意：它们高耸的结构使其能够进入云层，收集更多重要的水蒸气，它们独特的形状意味着无论风向如何，富含水分的雾气都会直接击中结构的某一部分。
分析：连词and连接两个_______；前一分句主干是________________________________________________，现在分词短语collecting ... 作_________；后一分句主干是________________________ ；that引导______从句。
并列句
Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds
结果状语
their unique shape means that
宾语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．The restaurant is __________ (位于) the heart of the city, making it easy for customers to find.
2．Our company is committed to _____________________ (满足对……的这一需求)sustainable and eco friendly products.
located in
meeting this demand for
(八)仿写句子
Inspired by fog nets placed by rural communities across the continent, Alberto Fernandez, a Chilean architect currently studying for a Ph.D.from University College London, has designed a series of towers and fog catching nets. (过去分词短语作状语)
仿写：受到大自然之美的启发，这位艺术家创作了一幅令人惊叹的风景画。
____________________________________________________________________
Inspired by the beauty of nature, the artist created a stunning landscape painting.

展开更多......

收起↑