资源简介

英语 选择性必修 第三册[RJ]
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．wage n. 工资
2．expedition n. 探险；远征；探险队
3．vigour [NAmE vigor] n. 精力；力量；活力
4．cupboard n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
5．steward n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
6．stove n. 炉具；厨房灶具
7．blanket n. 毯子
8．banjo n. 班卓琴(乐器)
9．voyage n．& vi. 航海；航行
10．navy n. 海军；海军部队
11．cosy [NAmE cozy] adj. 温馨的；舒适的
12．good/bad tempered adj. 脾气好的/坏的
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．adversity n. 困境；逆境
2．bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3．aboard adv.& prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
4．assign vt. 分派；布置；分配
5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌
6．crush vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎　n. 拥挤的人群
7．abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
8．miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的
9．decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的
10．selfish adj. 自私的
11．resolve vi.& vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)　n. 决心；坚定的信念
12．crew n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力→endure v. 忍耐；忍受
2．qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vi. 取得资格→qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
3．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的→enthusiasm n. 热情→enthusiast n. 热忠于……的人；热心者
4．belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产→belong vi. 属于；应在(某处)
5．genuine adj． 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的→genuinely adv． 真正地；真诚地
6．perseverance n． 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi． 坚持；孜孜以求
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
sink 熟义：vi． 沉没；下沉；下降
vt． 使下沉；使沉没
生义：vt． 使失败；使受挫；阻挠　vi． 降低，减少；倒下，坐下　n． 洗碗槽；水槽
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
turn sb down 拒绝(某人)
课文三维剖析
A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE
一次成功的失败
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914． Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and1 it2 was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions． Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries．3 1连接两个并列分句 2 it是形式主语，不定式短语to be part of his expeditions是真正的主语，a great honour是it的主语补足语 3表语提前引起的全部倒装句
珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。 沙克尔顿是那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一，参加他的探险活动被视为极大的荣耀。以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。
31 Oct 1914
1914年10月31日
．．． Well， it4 so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition 4 it为形式主语，后面的that引导的主语从句为真正的主语
……好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that5 I have been dreaming of6． And I was ready for it． At the age of 19， I am fit and full of vigour． However， when7 I applied to join the expedition， Shackleton turned me down because8 he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified9． But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that10 I secretly went aboard his ship， the Endurance， and11 hid in a small cupboard． Unfortunately， three days after we set off I was discovered． Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job， but only after he promised me， “If anyone has to be eaten， then you will be the first！” He assigned me to be a steward， and I now serve meals for twenty eight men， three times a day． 5引导定语从句 6现在完成进行时(时态)，其构成为“have/has been＋现在分词” 7引导时间状语从句 8引导原因状语从句 9省略了引导词that的宾语从句 10引导结果状语从句 11连接两个并列结构went aboard his ship， the Endurance和hid in a small cupboard
跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极探险——这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。而且，我万事俱备。我今年19岁，身体健康，精力充沛。然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。沙克尔顿不想掉头，于是他给了我一份工作，但他要我答应他：“如果有人得被吃掉，那么你就是第一个！”他指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员供应一日三餐。
How12 everyone will envy me when13 I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to14! 等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！ 21 Nov 1915 1915年11月21日 The journey has not been easy． Endurance became stuck in the ice as15 we approached Antarctica．The ice froze around us and16 we were well and truly stuck! We saw the ship get crushed by the ice． And when17 the ship sank， our hearts sank with it． 12引导感叹句 13引导时间状语从句 14 I have been to是省略了引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the amazing places 15引导时间状语从句， become stuck in意为“被卡住，被困于” 16连接两个并列分句 17引导时间状语从句
这趟旅程并不轻松。在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。冰把我们周围都冻住了，我们彻底被卡住了！我们眼睁睁看着轮船被冰挤毁。船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉。
Before18 we abandoned the ship， Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats， our food， the cook stove， candles， clothes， and blankets19． This was no time to panic． We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings， and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold． But to our surprise， he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo． Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up． 18引导时间状语从句 19 the small boats … and blankets是supplies的同位语
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。这不是惊慌失措的时候。我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金。然而，令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西带上他的班卓琴。赫西经常会弹奏班卓琴，以振奋我们的精神。
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive， but20 spring is coming， and the ice will soon begin to melt． 现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下来，但是，春天就要来了，冰层很快就会融化。 20 May 1916 1916年5月20日 20连接两个并列分句We are now camped ．．．和spring is coming ．．．
We have been struggling for days， but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse． We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place． Soon after21 we arrived， Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island， 1，320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats22． If23 Shackleton fails， will we have any hope of rescue No． No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island， and no one else knows that we are here． 21引导时间状语从句 22 too ．．． (for sb) to do ．．． 意为“太……以至于(对某人来说)不能做某事” 23引导条件状语从句
我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。现在，在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸，我们挤在一艘小船下。我们来到此处不久之后，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1，320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有任何获救的希望吗？没有。全世界没有海军会停靠象岛，也没有其他人知道我们在这里。
I feel low． It's cold and windy． The island has no plants． Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat． Otherwise， there is no food． I try to think of happier things24: decent food，warm and dry clothes， a cosy bedroom， sunny days， and my mother's face ．．． However， these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air． 24动词不定式短语作宾语
我感到十分沮丧。天冷风大。岛上没有任何植物，有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来充饥。除此以外，没有任何食物。我试着去想让人开心的事情：美味的食物、暖和的干衣服、舒适的卧房、晴朗的天气，还有妈妈的脸庞……然而，这些快乐的回忆很快被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断。
I shouted， “Shut the door！”
我吼道：“把门关上！”
“Hold on now， Perce． Don't you go turning into another Tom25，” came the reply26． “We've caught another penguin， so it's penguin soup tonight！” 25祈使句 26倒装句
传来一声回答：“要坚持住啊，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆。”“我们又抓到了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了！”
Bless Frank Wild， the kindest man there27 is after our leader， Ernest Shackleton． How28 could I become as selfish and bad tempered as Thomas Orde Lees! 27 Frank Wild的同位语 28引导感叹句
上帝保佑弗兰克·怀尔德，他是除了我们的领队欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最和蔼可亲的人。我怎么可以变得像托马斯·奥德里斯那样自私和脾气暴躁呢！
Without Frank and Ernest29， we'd all be dead by now30． Their genuine concern for others， their perseverance， and their resolve fill me with hope． 29相当于一个条件状语从句 30表示与现在事实相反的假设
要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在早就没命了。他们对别人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念，让我充满希望。
Perhaps there is a chance we will return home31， after all． 31同位语从句，解释说明chance
毕竟，我们也许还有机会回家。
阅读领悟
(一)填空并匹配
1．The author joined the Endurance expedition and became a crew member on Endurance．(C)
2．Shackleton and his crew abandoned the ship Endurance．(A)
3．The crew members' life on Elephant Island．(B)
A．Diary 2：1915．11．21 B．Diary 3：1916．5．20
C．Diary 1：1914．10．31
(二)排序
It's a expedition I have been dreaming of， so I applied to join the expedition．
I bought a newspaper and read an advertisement about the Antarctic expedition．
Later， I secretly went aboard the ship and hid in a small cupboard．
Unfortunately， I was discovered． Shackleton didn't turn me back but assigned me to be a steward．
Because Shackleton thought I was too young to be qualified， so I was turned down， but I was still enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them．
(三)问题链
1．How did the author manage to be a crew member of the ship Endurance
He went aboard the ship and hid in a small cupboard．
2．Why did Shackleton allow Hussey to keep his banjo
Playing the banjo could keep the members up while waiting for rescue in the desperate situation．
3．How did Blackborow feel when Endurance sank
Worried， terrified and panic．
探究一　热词
1．assign vt． 分派；布置；分配；委派，派遣(教材P38)
assignment n． 分配，布置；工作，任务；作业 assign sb sth＝assign sth to sb 把某物/工作/任务分配/分派/布置给某人 assign sb to (do) sth 指派某人(做)某事 assign sb as sth 指派某人任某一职务
①I have a lot of reading assignments to complete before the end of term．
学期结束前我有很多阅读作业要完成。
②The teacher assigned each of the children a different task．
＝The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children．
老师给每个孩子布置了不同的任务。
③The forces have been assigned to help with peacekeeping．
军队被派遣协助维持和平。
单句语法填空
①Our teacher assigned him as a leader in the math class．
②As those assignments (assign) had been done， he went on to search the Internet．
③My brother graduated from a university and was assigned to work (work) at a research institute．
完成句子
④史密斯先生决定把这项重要的任务分配给有强烈责任感的人。
Mr Smith decided to assign the important task to whoever had a strong sense of responsibility．
2．envy n．& vt． 羡慕；妒忌(教材P38) envious adj． 羡慕的；妒忌的 enviously adv． 羡慕地；妒忌地 with envy 羡慕地；妒忌地 out of envy 出于羡慕/妒忌 be/become the envy of ．．． 成为……羡慕(或妒忌)的对象 be green with envy 非常嫉妒 envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事 be envious of 羡慕/妒忌……
①I was looking enviously at your plate，wishing I'd had the fish．
我羡慕地看着你的盘子，真希望我有鱼吃。
②I watched with envy as she set off for the airport．
我羡慕地看着她动身去机场。(心理描写)
③Their economy is the envy of the developing world．
他们的经济令发展中国家羡慕。
④She could see that all the other girls were green with envy．
她看得出来，其他女孩都妒忌得要命。
⑤He envied Caroline her peace．
他羡慕卡罗琳的平和。
单句语法填空
①If you have no selfish motives，you will not be suspicious and envious (envy) of others．
②Our mobile payment has become the envy of other countries．
③Mark and his brother both looked enviously (envy) at the shinning computer．
翻译
④我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。
I envy you having such a close family．
⑤出于妒忌，她用咖啡把画给毁了。
Out of envy， she ruined the painting with coffee．
3．abandon vt． 舍弃；抛弃；放弃；陷入，沉湎于　n． 放任，放纵(教材P38) abandoned adj． 被离弃的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的 abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to 陷于；沉溺于 with abandon 尽情地；放纵地
①Logic had prevailed and he had abandoned the idea．
理性占了上风，他放弃了该想法。
②An abandoned baby was found in a box on the hospital steps．
在医院台阶上的一个箱子里发现了一个弃婴。
③He abandoned himself to despair．
他陷入绝望中。
④The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon．
姑娘们跳上跳下，尽情地挥舞着手臂。
单句语法填空
①Children feel abandoned (abandon) and rejected if they don't see their parents regularly．
②He abandoned studying (study) abroad owing to his mother's illness．
③Abandoning himself to sorrow， Steven just couldn't help crying．
翻译
④这个男孩从小就被父母遗弃，然而在生活中遇到困难时，他并没有陷入绝望。
The boy was abandoned by his parents when he was a baby; however， he doesn't abandon himself to despair when meeting trouble in life．
4．resolve vi．& vt． 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)　n． 决心；坚定的信念(教材P39) resolution n． 决议；解决；坚定；决心；决定 resolve to do sth 决心/决定去做某事 resolve (that) ．．． 决定…… resolve on sth/doing sth 决心/决定(做)某事 resolve against 决定不；坚决反对 make a resolution 做出决定；下决心
①She resolved to report the matter to the hospital's nursing manager．
她决定把这件事汇报给医院的护士长。
②Mary resolved that she would keep the secret．
玛丽决定保守这个秘密。
③We had resolved on making an early start．
我们决定早点出发。
④After hours of argument， they resolved against taking legal action．
经过几个小时的争论，他们决定不采取法律行动。
⑤She made a resolution to visit her relatives more often．
她决定要多拜访她的亲戚。
单句语法填空
①We have resolved on promoting education in underdeveloped areas．
②There's some question as to whether he will sign this resolution (resolve)．
③Influenced by my deskmate， I resolved to improve (improve) my spoken English．
完成句子
④该做的就下决心去做，决心做的务必做好。(主旨升华)
Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve．
⑤在她生病期间，她决定不熬夜。
During her illness， she resolved against staying up late．
5．qualified adj． 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vi． 取得资格→qualification n． (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
Some nursing experience is a necessary qualification for this job and she qualified as a nurse last year．
有护理经验是做这项工作的必要条件，她去年取得了护士资格。
6．enthusiastic adj． 热情的；热心的→enthusiasm n． 热情→enthusiast n． 热衷于……的人；热心者
The enthusiasts for environmental protection are planting trees with great enthusiasm， which makes us more enthusiastic about environment protection．
环保热心人士植树造林的热情高涨，让我们的环保热情更加高涨。
7．belongings n． [pl．]财物；动产→belong vi． 属于；应在(某处)
Although she's new to the school， we'd like her to feel that she belongs to here and we should not touch the personal belongings．
虽然她是新来的，但我们希望她能感觉到她是属于这里的，而且我们不应该碰她的私人物品。
单句语法填空
①I put a few personal belongings (belong) in a bag and left the house for the last time．
②You don't seem very enthusiastic (enthusiasm) about the party—don't you want to go tonight
翻译
③他非常胜任这项工作，但他确实缺乏个性。
He is well qualified for the job， but he does lack personality．
8 sink
[熟义]vi． 沉没；下沉；下降　vt． 使下沉；使沉没 [生义]vt． 使失败；使受挫；阻挠　vi． 降低，减少；倒下，坐下　n． 洗碗槽；水槽
①The sun set and we watched as the shadows sank deeper into the valley．
夕阳西下，我们注视着阴影逐渐沉入山谷之中。
②I think I've just sunk my chances of getting the job．
我想，我已经葬送了得到那份工作的机会。
③His voice sank to a whisper．
他的声音逐渐小得成了耳语。
④Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink!
别把脏盘子往洗碗槽里一放就不管了！
同义词替换
①The sun sunk below the horizon．set
翻译
②她的父亲瘫坐在椅子上，不知道下一步该怎么办。
Her father sank into the chair， not knowing how to do next．
探究二　短语
9．turn sb down 拒绝(某人)(教材P38)
turn其他相关短语： turn down 拒绝；调低(音量等) turn up 偶然出现；露面；调高(音量等) turn on 接通；打开 turn off 关掉；离开；对……失去兴趣 turn out 结果是，证明是 turn to 向……求助；转向，致力于；开始做某事 turn in 上交；交还
①I'm not going to turn down an invitation to go to New York!
我不会拒绝去纽约的邀请的！
②I wish I knew how to turn on the heating．
要是我知道如何打开暖气装置就好了。
③No one could have foreseen (that) things would turn out this way．
谁都没有预料到事情的结果会这样。
④In times of crisis I know which friends I can turn to．
在危难关头我知道我能投靠哪些朋友。
⑤If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date， it will earn a zero．
如果它在截止日期后的第4天还没有上交，将获得零分。(通知要求)
单句语法填空
①Franklin did not turn up until well after midnight．
②We should never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms．
③For her medical costs， the family chose to turn to charity．
④I was positive that things were going to turn out fine．
翻译
⑤我喜欢接受挑战做别人拒绝做的工作。
I enjoy the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down．
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列单词和短语的英文
1．endurance n． 忍耐力；耐久力
2．assign vt． 分派；布置；分配
3．envy n．& vt． 羡慕；妒忌
4．enthusiastic adj． 热情的；热心的
5．miserable adj． 痛苦的；令人难受的
6．turn sb down 拒绝(某人)
7．go aboard 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
8．become/be/get stuck in 困住
9．at the age of 在……岁时
10．make it 成功做某事
(二)写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义
1．Far off to the west the sun was sinking．下沉
2．My belongings were scattered all over the room after the move．财物，个人物品
3．His genuine smile warmed my heart on a cold winter day．真诚的
4．With new year's resolution， I'm determined to improve my English speaking skills．决心
5．The bitter taste of lemon reminded her of her childhood in the countryside．苦涩的
维度二　语境运用
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．He showed remarkable endurance (endure) throughout his illness．
2．He abandoned himself to his sadness．
3．The Supreme Council resolved to resume (resume) control over the national press．
4．The teacher assigned a difficult math assignment (assign) for the weekend．
5．She was very enthusiastic (enthusiasm) about the project and offered to help whenever possible．
(四)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分
persevere， adversity， cosy， resolve， abandon
1．The committee finally came to a decision after three hour discussion．resolution
2．Once you have put your hand to an undertaking， you should insist until you have finished it．persevere
3．I slept very soundly—the bed was really comfortable．cosy
4．She deserted her family and moved to a new city without a word of explanation．abandoned
5．Despite the difficulties she faced， she never gave up on her dream．adversities
维度三　能力提升
(五)长难句分析
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)According to this theory， people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media， which are often not so serious， and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print．
句意：根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。
分析：句子主干是people approach digital texts ．．． and devote ．．．。suited to social media作后置定语，修饰mindset，which引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词social media， and连接并列结构approach digital texts ．．． not so serious和devote less mental ．．． reading print。
(六)句型转换
1．The professor， along with his two students， is seated in the studio receiving the interview now．(改写为完全倒装)
→Seated in the studio is the professor， along with his two students， receiving the interview now．
2．The girl was so frightened that she could hardly move as a car out of control was coming towards her quickly．(改写为too ．．． to ．．．结构)
→The girl was too frightened to move as a car out of control was coming towards her quickly．
维度四　素养提升
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．She showed concern for (表示对……的关心) the welfare of the animals in the shelter．
2．We should learn how to turn down others' invitation (谢绝别人的邀约) politely．
3．I have been dreaming of (一直在梦想着) visiting China for years， and finally I have the opportunity to make my dream come true．
(八)翻译
1．很多医生和护士夜以继日地工作了几周了。(现在完成进行时)
Dozens of doctors and nurses have been working day and night for weeks．
2．当我正在做一个重要项目的时候，碰巧突然停电了。(It happened that ．．．)
It happened that the power suddenly went out when I was working on an important project．
课后课时作业(一)
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·广东省广州市高二下期中)A 23 year old woman has achieved an unbelievable feat that many of us dream of—visiting every country on Earth．
Lexie Alford was born into a family of travel agents， which gave her the opportunity to __1__ places such as Cambodia， Dubai and Egypt during her childhood， according to Forbes magazine． She began saving up at age 12 to __2__ her goal of visiting all countries． By her 18th birthday， she had travelled to 72 nations． In October， she realized she could see the __3__ nations on her list in time to set an official record． Many people __4__ her travel on social media platform Instagram， so she decided to chase the world record partly to __5__ others． “Honestly， in the beginning， I __6__ wanted to push the limits of what I thought I could do with my life and see as much of the world as possible in the __7__，” she told Forbes． “It wasn't until things started getting really __8__ that I realized I was inspiring people around me， especially the __9__．”
“I also loved visiting Northern Pakistan， for the natural beauty of the mountains and __10__ of the locals were astonishing，” Ms Alford said． “The most pleasant __11__ about travelling to all these misunderstood areas of the world was that the countries that I had the least expectation for __12__ being the most incredible．”
“My __13__ for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do． You have to make __14__ to travel around the world but if it's something that's genuinely __15__ to you， it's only a matter of time until you can make it a reality．”
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一名23岁的女子Lexie Alford (莱克茜·奥尔福德)完成了一件令人难以置信的事情——访问地球上的每个国家，她的举动激励着无数年轻人。
1．A．report B．settle
C．tour D．love
答案：C
解析：根据上文“many of us dream of—visiting every country on Earth”可知，此处指Lexie Alford有机会到这些国家旅行。故选C。
2．A．fund B．conceive
C．switch D．set
答案：A
解析：根据上文“She began saving up at age 12”可知，她开始攒钱是为她访问所有国家的目标提供资金。故选A。
3．A．powerful B．remote
C．developed D．remaining
答案：D
解析：根据上文“By her 18th birthday， she had travelled to 72 nations．”可知，她还要去看剩余的、没有去过的国家。故选D。
4．A．ranked B．overlooked
C．followed D．criticized
答案：C
解析：根据下文“social media platform Instagram”可知，许多人在社交平台Instagram上关注她的旅行。故选C。
5．A．inspire B．please
C．understand D．accompany
答案：A
解析：根据上文“Many people __4__ her travel on social media platform Instagram”可推知，她想要去争取世界纪录的部分原因就是想通过这件事激励他人。故选A。
6．A．occasionally B．simply
C．completely D．temporarily
答案：B
解析：根据时间状语“in the beginning”和上文可知，最开始她仅仅是想挑战自己的极限，尽可能地多看看世界上的国家。故选B。
7．A．platform B．agency
C．process D．country
答案：C
解析：根据上文“see as much of the world as possible”可知，此处指在(旅行)过程中尽可能多看看世界(上的国家)。故选C。
8．A．dull B．official
C．natural D．challenging
答案：D
解析：根据下文“I realized I was inspiring people around me”可知，Lexie Alford所从事的事情具有挑战性，激励着身边的人。故选D。
9．A．adults B．youth
C．bosses D．agents
答案：B
解析：根据下文“My __13__ for young people”可知，Lexie Alford环游世界这件事正激励着身边的人，尤其是年轻人。故选B。
10．A．kindness B．situation
C．ignorance D．status
答案：A
解析：根据上文“I also loved visiting ．．． of the mountains”可知，此处指当地人的善良让她很惊讶。故选A。
11．A．memory B．surprise
C．lesson D．effect
答案：B
解析：根据下文“travelling to all ．．． the most incredible”可知，此处指Lexie Alford发现被人误解的地区并非人们所说的那样，这给了她惊喜。故选B。
12．A．started with B．met with
C．ended up D．turned back
答案：C
解析：根据上文“all these misunderstood ．．． the least expectation for”和下文“being the most incredible”可知，Lexie Alford最开始不带着任何期待，但最终发现这些国家是最不可思议的。end up doing sth意为“最终做某事”，为固定短语。故选C。
13．A．advice B．compromise
C．belief D．comment
答案：A
解析：根据下文“you can do anything you set your mind to do”可知，这是Lexie Alford给年轻人的建议。故选A。
14．A．plans B．decision
C．devotion D．sacrifices
答案：D
解析：此处指如果你想环游世界，你就必须要做出牺牲。固定短语make sacrifices意为“做出牺牲”。故选D。
15．A．incredible B．impossible
C．important D．impressive
答案：C
解析：根据下文“it's only a matter of time until you can make it a reality”可知，此处指如果某事对你来说真的很重要，那么迟早你会通过努力完成它。故选C。
Ⅱ　阅读
(2024·福建省泉州中远学校高二下质量检测)Sadaf's childhood was happy． She enjoyed going to school and meeting her friends． But one day， she returned home running a high temperature．
“We thought it was regular flu． But we were told that I would not be able to walk ever again now，” she recalls．
Sadaf was just 10 years old then． After the family was turned down by doctors in Kashmir， they went to Mumbai， where an operation was performed to treat her legs． But eventually， Sadaf had to rely on a wheelchair to move around． By this time， she had to discontinue her education．
Things worsened when her father， her “only source of support”， passed away． “Everyone except my father doubted my capabilities． But he always encouraged me to dream big． I missed him．”
“There were days when I would end up crying all day， sitting alone in my room． I was getting into depression，” she says．
“By now， I've realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself． I chose the latter． I wanted to prove to the world that people like me can also achieve something． I had just lost my ability to walk， not my ability to use my brain，” she adds．
That is why Sadaf decided to step up for herself． In 2015， she opened a shop but had to shut it a couple of years later as the work affected her eyesight． She says， “But I wanted to try my hands at everything． So I decided to play basketball as well． I have also been awarded multiple times by the Jammu and Kashmir Basketball Association．”
Recently， Sadaf tried selling unique spices of the Kashmir valley． “Today， I have established my own business without anyone's emotional or financial support． People would question me what I could achieve sitting in a wheelchair， when their educated and able bodied children sat idly (闲散地)． Now the very same people give my example to others，” she says．
Sadaf believes that people with disabilities should never doubt themselves． “If you hear others say something not so positive， you may end up depressed． Instead of living within the confines (限制) of a room， try to prove yourself，” she advises．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了残疾人Sadaf (萨达夫)不顾他人的质疑用行动证明自己的励志故事。
1．What did Sadaf lose after her father's death
A．Walking ability． B．Financial support．
C．Spiritual backing． D．Precious eyesight．
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Things worsened when ．．． to dream big．”可知，Sadaf的父亲是她唯一的支柱，支持鼓励她追求远大梦想，因此父亲的去世让她失去了精神支柱。故选C。
2．Why did Sadaf try basketball
A．To build up her body． B．To prove herself．
C．To win awards． D．To pursue her dream．
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“By now ．．． prove myself．”以及第七段中的“But I wanted ．．． play basketball as well．”可知，Sadaf打篮球是为了证明自己。故选B。
3．Which of the following can best describe Sadaf
A．Talented but inflexible． B．Disabled but learned．
C．Independent and honest． D．Determined and capable．
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“I wanted ．．． use my brain (我想向世界证明，像我这样的人也能有所成就。我只是失去了走路的能力，而不是失去了思考的能力)”和第七段中的“But I wanted ．．． play basketball as well．”以及最后一段中的“Sadaf believes ．．． doubt themselves．”可推知，Sadaf虽然残疾，但是她开店、打篮球、做生意，说明她非常能干，而且在别人的质疑中勇敢地证明自己的能力，说明她是意志坚定的。故选D。
4．What message can we get from Sadaf's story
A．A fine example has limitless power．
B．Do not let your disability rule you．
C．Encouragement is the source of power．
D．Do not put all your eggs in one basket．
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据Sadaf 的故事以及最后一段中的“If you hear ．．． try to prove yourself (如果你听到别人说一些不太积极的话，你可能会感到沮丧。与其蜗居一室，不如试着证明自己)”可推知，她建议人们要去证明自己的能力，而不要让残疾限制自己。故选B。
Ⅲ　语法填空
(2024·山东省青岛市高二下月考)“Look on the bright side” is one of those __1__ (suggest) that people always consider inspiring but less helpful． However， new research shows that finding something of interest in a terrible situation makes __2__ easy for people to stop complaining． Besides， looking at a challenge with humor is a good method， __3__ may even be helpful in preventing anxious people __4__ feeling sad．
In a study published much __5__ (early)， researchers gave the participants (参与者) some photos that show negative (负面的) situations． Then they would describe these __6__(photo)according to the request of researchers． Those using humorous words to describe the pictures were found to have fewer negative emotions and more possibilities to go through a hard time in __7__ (they) life than those who described the photos __8__ (direct)．
So there appear to be no disadvantages to looking at difficult things in your life with humor and lightness． The conclusion from the study is that for those at higher risk of anxiety， humor can develop an ability __9__ (control) negative emotions． What's more， making others around you smile can be an extra benefit of humor． Therefore， when you feel stressed and couldn't concentrate your mind on what you __10__ (do)all along， find something that can make you laugh first．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了从消极的情况中看到积极的一面实际上是有用的，一项研究表明，幽默地看待挑战可能有助于防止焦虑的人感到悲伤，也有利于培养控制负面情绪的能力。
1．答案：suggestions
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前的those可知，应用名词复数。故填suggestions。
2．答案：it
解析：考查固定句型。固定句型“make it＋形容词＋for sb＋to do sth”，意为“让做某事对于某人来说是……的”，设空处应用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语。故填it。
3．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词method进行解释说明，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4．答案：from
解析：考查介词。prevent sb from doing sth意为“防止某人做某事”。故填from。
5．答案：earlier
解析：考查副词的比较级。根据设空前的much可知，应用early的比较级。故填earlier。
6．答案：photos
解析：考查名词。these后应用复数，photo为可数名词。故填photos。
7．答案：their
解析：考查代词。修饰名词life，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
8．答案：directly
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰动词described。故填directly。
9．答案：to control
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处应用不定式作后置定语，表示“控制负面情绪的能力”。故填to control。
10．答案：have been doing
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据设空后的all along可知，此处指集中精力于一直在做的事情，应用现在完成进行时，主语为you。故填have been doing。
　精深阅读
(2024·上海市青浦高级中学高二下阶段性检测)As the Alaskan sky gradually turned dark blue， the commands to my sled dog team broke the silence． I threw a glance over my shoulder as I thundered down the frozen waterway in the sub zero temperatures． Where was Mike， my guide I wondered if he realized I was miles away．
While out exploring in the early evening， my lead dog smelled something it couldn't resist． Regardless of my instructions， it instinctively wheeled around and led all the other dogs in the opposite direction at full speed． In my conversations with Mike over the past few days， I'd been told that if I got lost， I would be in big trouble． There weren't any supplies for me—no extra clothing or shelter， not to mention the firestarter， and we had seen wolf tracks regularly．
It was March， the end of the Alaskan winter． A long journey from Australia had brought me to Yukon， Alaska． My hosts' log cabin was the starting point for my 10 day adventure． Wayne and Scarlett， my hosts， lived a sustainable life． They hunted， fished， and gathered food while consciously minimizing their carbon footprint． Having enjoyed many years of exploring the Alaskan wilderness， the couple chose to help adventurers to experience the same lifestyle．
Driving a team of sled dogs is not as easy as it appears． I'd imagined it would be a very relaxing experience， in which I would ride along with a pleasant smile while gazing at the passing landscape． In reality it turned out much tougher． You must predict where your dogs would go and how the surface ahead might change．
During the journey， we stayed in a different place every night， and took care of our dog teams． These dogs can guarantee our safety and help us escape dangerous situations， so their health and well being always rank first． After we settled， we started collecting snow for water and cutting firewood．
Luckily， I didn't end up in the fangs (尖牙) of wolves． Mike found me sometime later． Our dog teams， in the excitement of being reunited， headed straight for each other and got tangled up in the ropes． There's never a boring moment．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在阿拉斯加进行的雪橇狗队冒险旅行的故事。
1．Why did the writer get lost
A．The lead dog was misled by other dogs．
B．The lead dog followed wrong commands．
C．The lead dog was attracted by an irresistible smell．
D．The lead dog failed to determine the direction in darkness．
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While out exploring in the early evening ．．． the opposite direction at full speed．”可知，作者迷路的原因是领头狗闻到了一种无法抗拒的味道后不顾作者的指令，朝着相反的方向前行。故选C。
2．Which of the following can best describe a real dog sled ride
A．Dull． B．Exhausting．
C．Comfortable． D．Entertaining．
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“I'd imagined it ．．． much tougher．”以及倒数第二段“During the journey ．．． cutting firewood．”可知，作者本以为雪橇狗队冒险旅行是非常放松的，但实际上却是非常困难的，在旅途中，每晚都住在不同的地方，照顾狗队，安顿下来后，还需要捡雪取水、砍柴。由此推知，雪橇狗队冒险旅行是非常令人疲惫的。故选B。
3．What do we know about the life in Alaska
A．Locals live on tourism．
B．Fire comes first in exploration．
C．Wolves live in peace with humans．
D．Dog sled teams deserve priority care．
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“These dogs can guarantee ．．． well being always rank first．”可知，雪橇狗队应该得到优先照顾。故选D。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The Alaskan lifestyle． B．The tourism in Alaska．
C．An adventure in wilderness． D．An appreciation of nature．
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。文章介绍了作者在阿拉斯加荒野进行的雪橇狗队冒险旅行的故事。在夜幕降临时，作者迷路了，并且没有足够的物资来生存。幸运的是，他的向导最终找到了他们。C项(荒野冒险。)概括文章的主要内容。故选C。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．command n． 命令；指令　v． 命令；控制；指挥
2．supply n． 储备；生活必需品　v． 供应，提供
3．shelter n． 避难所；收容所，庇护所
4．adventure n． 冒险；奇遇；冒险经历
5．minimize vt． 使减少到最低限度；使最小化
(二)高频短语
6．throw a glance over 朝……瞥了一眼
7．gaze at 盯住；凝视
8．in reality 实际上；事实上
9．end up 最终成为；最后落得
10．get tangled up 纠缠在一起
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．We watched their ship moving gradually (gradual) farther away．
2．Follow the instructions (instruct) below to download and install the patch．
3．He is consciously (conscious) trying to overcome his weakness．
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．Who could resist the beauty of the tropical island？抗拒
5．I just went through a very tough time of my life．艰难的
6．He realized instinctively that simply training harder would never be enough．本能地
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
point, settle, track
1．They reside in a cottage at the foot of the mountain．settle
2．They searched the hills but found no trace of the wild animals．track
3．The map shows the position of the new landfills．point
(六)长难句分析
In my conversations with Mike over the past few days， I'd been told that if I got lost， I would be in big trouble．
句意：在过去几天里，在我和迈克的谈话中，他曾告诉我，如果我迷路了，我会有大麻烦的。
分析：主干是I'd been told that ．．．；that引导宾语从句；if 引导条件状语从句。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．The baby's mother escaped from the fire along with two other children (和其余两个孩子)．
2．They forgot the time in the excitement of (在……的兴奋中) exploration．
(八)仿写句子
Driving a team of sled dogs is not as easy as it appears． (动名词(短语)作主语)
仿写：暴露在辐射下很危险。
Being exposed to radiation is dangerous．
课后课时作业(二)
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
(2024·辽宁省新高考联盟高二下阶段测试)The French couple Katia and Maurice Krafft， shared an attraction to volcanoes， one that perhaps approached an addiction． There are many people interested in volcanoes， but very few who are willing to climb an erupting crater (火山口) and approach the flowing lava (岩浆)． Katia and Maurice did a lot of work， shooting photographs and films of volcano eruptions， always being the first on the scene of an active volcano， and the ones who fearlessly came to just a few feet from lava flows． They were not only highly respected by volcanologists all around the world， but also envied．
The couple met in the 1960s when they were both students at the University of Strasbourg， and got married in 1970． Both of them were attracted to volcanoes since childhood． Upon graduating， Katia and Maurice pursued their careers as volcano observers with no financial support at all， just their own savings， which they spent on a trip to Stromboli to observe the eruption of the volcano．
They took an incredible and valuable set of photographs of the near continuous eruption． People were curious about the photographs， while public officials working on threatening volcanoes found them useful． This interest in their work helped the French couple to establish a career in documenting eruptions． Now able to obtain financial support for their work， Katia and Maurice visited hundreds， if not thousands， of volcanoes around the globe． They traveled and recorded eruptions， always getting closer to the danger than anyone else．
In June 1991， along with 40 other people， the Kraffts set out to film the eruption at Mount Unzen in Japan． A sudden and unexpected flow took place and all the people in its path were killed． Later investigation revealed that Katia's and Maurice's bodies were closest to the volcano crater． They were 44 and 45 years old respectively．
In their 25 year long career， the couple documented hundreds of volcanoes， and their work consists of thousands of still photos， 300 hours of film materials， a number of books， and scientific articles published in Bulletin of Volcanology．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了法国火山科学家Katia Krafft (卡蒂亚·克拉夫特)和Maurice Krafft (莫里斯·克拉夫特)夫妇的火山探索故事。
1．When did the couple start their career as volcano observers
A．As children． B．While studying at college．
C．When leaving university． D．After getting married．
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Upon graduating ．．． of the volcano．”可知，夫妇二人大学一毕业就开始了他们的火山探索事业。故选C。
2．What is unique to the couple's photographs of volcanoes
A．They focused on threatening volcanoes．
B．They were taken with their own savings．
C．They recorded continuous eruption of volcanoes．
D．They took photos at a shorter distance from lava flows．
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They traveled and recorded eruptions， always getting closer to the danger than anyone else．”可知，他们选择了比其他人更接近火山口的地方拍摄火山照片，总是比其他人更接近危险，也让他们的照片与众不同。故选D。
3．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A．The couple didn't get prepared before setting out．
B．The couple had been married for 25 years before the accident．
C．The couple made a great fortune with what they shot．
D．The couple went ahead of the rest at the last minute．
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Later investigation revealed that Katia's and Maurice's bodies were closest to the volcano crater．”可推知，在生命的最后一刻，夫妇二人是离火山口最近的，这对夫妇在最后一刻走在了其他人的前面。故选D。
4．Which of the following can best describe the couple
A．Caring and demanding． B．Promising and optimistic．
C．Brave and devoted． D．Dynamic and calm．
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They traveled and ．．． anyone else．”和最后一段内容可知，夫妇二人总是冲在离火山口最近的第一线，25年间获取了大量的宝贵资料，由此可推知，他们是勇敢且敬业的。故选C。
B
(2024·河北省邯郸市高二下期末)For some folks， hiking is an activity done for a couple of miles at a time． But for others， it is a lifestyle． Those who hike the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) fall into the latter． The PCT is 2，650 miles． Along the way， hikers walk through the desert， up mountains and then cross seven national parks． It is a tough journey with a low completion rate． Just 14% of all hikers attempting a “thru hike” have succeeded in finishing the PCT．
The hike's reputation is what makes Pa'at's completion of the journey more extraordinary． The hiker known as Pa'at， an old man， finished the last bit of the PCT with two younger hikers， Auti and Chris． They celebrated Pa'at's success via an online post． They wrote， “Not many people can say they've finished such an amazing feat， especially not at 71！”
Pa'at approached the trail end marker and touched it， amazed that he had made it to the end． He said， “I know there were different troubles that I needed to overcome， but I had confidence in myself．”
For anyone who has ever dreamed of hiking the PCT， Pa'at's feat is proof that they aren't too late． “I've wanted to walk this trail for a long time，” someone posted online， “but now I know even if I don't get it in my twenties or thirties， I can still try again． Of course， I can challenge what I lacked courage to do in the past．”
Auti and Chris met Pa'at a few days before finishing． They said， “Pa'at is one of those people you instantly feel like you've known a lifetime． He has a heart of gold， the kindest soul， and unmatched optimism and courage． We both thank him for being such an inspiration to us．”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71岁的Pa'at (帕特)徒步完成太平洋山脊步道的励志故事。
5．How does the author begin the text
A．By quoting a saying． B．By giving an example．
C．By making an assumption． D．By drawing a comparison．
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “For some folks ．．． a lifestyle．(对一些人来说，徒步旅行是一项一次走几英里的活动。但对其他人来说，这是一种生活方式。)”可推知，作者是通过对比开始本文的。故选D。
6．Which word can best describe Pa'at's finishing the PCT
A．Expected． B．Effortless．
C．Troublesome． D．Unbelievable．
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Not many people can say they've finished such an amazing feat， especially not at 71！(没有多少人能说他们完成了如此惊人的壮举，尤其是在71岁的时候！)”可知，71岁的Pa'at成功徒步完成PCT，这令人难以置信。故选D。
7．What can we conclude from Paragraph 4
A．History is a guide．
B．Age is just a number．
C．Failure is the mother of success．
D．Time is a thief that never leaves empty handed．
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “For anyone who ．．． too late．”可推知，71岁的Pa'at的壮举启示人们，追寻自己的梦想什么时候都不晚，即年龄只是一个数字。故选B。
8．What kind of role is Pa'at in the eyes of Auti and Chris
A．A beginner． B．A stranger．
C．An example． D．An opponent
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We both thank him for being such an inspiration to us．(我们都感谢他对我们的激励。)”可推知，在Auti(奥绨)和Chris(克里斯)眼中，Pa'at是他们的榜样。故选C。．
Ⅱ　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·陕西省西安市高二下质量检测)I begged my mom to let me make cookies by myself， even though I had never attempted baking before． I was nine years old and my friend Emmie had been baking cupcakes by herself for a year． I was determined to prove that I could make it．
My brother， Caleb， laughed at the idea of me cooking alone， calling it a disaster． Having a big brother can be annoying． Despite his laughing， my mom agreed to let me try． She reminded me to take my time and be careful because I'd had some messy spills before I was nine．
I raced to the kitchen and went to work． I cracked eggs and put a cold stick of butter into the bowl． I turned on the mixer at medium speed—and whoa． Whoa． Whoa! What a disaster! I had to wipe butter off my face， then off the table and floor．
Caleb made fun of me again， calling me a mess． I chased him away with a spoon and turned back to the mixing bowl． I started again with softer butter． Referring to the recipe， I poured everything needed into the bowl and mixed it． After that， I put round batter (面糊) onto the cookie sheet and put it into the oven． Within a minute， a fantastic smell filled the kitchen—the smell of cookie success!
I was going to prove that I was responsible． No more eye rolling from my brother． No more “You're too young” from my parents． I was grown up and in control．
I stared into the oven， and my heart sank． The neat， little balls had melted and overflowed to the edges of the cookie sheet． I pulled the pan out just as Caleb wandered back into the kitchen．
“What in the world？” He started to laugh． “Cookie soup？”
“You just be quiet，” I whispered， trying not to cry． “Just leave me alone．”
How's it going in there？” Dad called from the living room．
Caleb raised his eyebrows and bit his lip． I responded that everything was fine， pouring the melted batter into the bowl quickly．
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I picked up the directions， wondering what had gone wrong．﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ I brought a plate of cookies into the living room for my parents．﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想要自己做饼干，尽管以前从未尝试过烘焙，但想到朋友Emmie (埃米)已经自己烤了一年的纸杯蛋糕，她决心要证明自己能做到，但作者最终失败了。作者失败的原因是什么？在作者的努力下，她成功了吗？
[精彩范文]
I picked up the directions， wondering what had gone wrong． It was then that I realized I had forgotten to add the flour! The batter had been too runny， causing the cookies to spread out． I quickly mixed in the flour and spooned the batter onto a new cookie sheet． This time， I watched carefully as they rose and browned in the oven． The sweet smell filled the kitchen， and my heart beat with excitement． I couldn't wait to show my family what I had accomplished． Caleb sneaked in and raised his eyebrows， but this time， I just smiled confidently．
I brought a plate of cookies into the living room for my parents． They looked surprised and delighted． “These are … yours？” Mom asked， taking a cautious bite． “They're … amazing！” She smiled， and Dad nodded in agreement． Caleb sat on the couch， a cookie in his hand， and his face betrayed a hint of pride． “I told you she could do it，” he said with a grin． I beamed， feeling a sense of accomplishment wash over me． I had proved myself， not just to my family but to myself． From that day on， no one doubted my baking skills again．
　精深阅读
(2024·江苏省南京市六校联合体学校高二下校联考)In the 1880s， long before she became her era's greatest female explorer， eight year old Harriet Chalmers traveled through the Sierra Nevada on horseback with her father． When she was 24， Chalmers married Franklin Pierce Adams， and they set off for Latin America， where they covered 40，000 miles on a horse， by boat and on foot． When they returned nearly three years later， she gave a lecture at National Geographic and started a 30 year career as a contributor．
Adams made it her mission to visit every country that was or had been a Spanish colony， and revisited the places where Christopher Columbus had stayed from Europe to the Americas． She traveled around Asia and attended Haile Selassie's Coronation (加冕礼) as the emperor of Ethiopia． During World War Ⅰ， she was the first female journalist allowed to photograph the French trenches (战壕)， where she stayed for months．
She wrote 21 articles detailing her experiences for National Geographic， more than any other woman published in the magazine's first half century． In those pieces， she criticized the injustices that she had observed． “Where were the blessings the Europeans claimed they brought to millions of Latin Americans I could hardly find them，” she wrote after a visit to Peru． “What have they not suffered under the control of the Europeans？”
Adams had no professional training as a geographer and had never been to college， but her color photo slides and adventurous travel style won her invitations to speak around the world， often from the organizations that had never invited a woman before． She was the third American woman asked to join the Royal Geographical Society in England． However， the New York based Explorers Club gave her and other outstanding female adventurers the cold shoulder．
“Men have always been so afraid that some mere women might get into their discussion that they don't even permit women in their clubhouses，” Adams once said， “Let alone allow them to attend any meetings for discussions that might be significantly helpful．”
Several female explorers decided to form their own club． In 1925， the Society of Woman Geographers started with Adams as president， and she served until moving to France in 1933， where she died four years later at 61．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了女探险家和地理杂志撰稿人Harriet Chalmers Adams (哈丽特·查默斯·亚当斯)的生平。
1．What did Adams do during the first three years of her marriage
A．She traveled through the Sierra Nevada．
B．She explored Latin America with her husband．
C．She contributed regularly to National Geographic．
D．She learned horse riding under her husband's guidance．
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When she was 24 ．．． a 30 year career as a contributor．”可知，她结婚的前三年和她丈夫一起去探索拉丁美洲。故选B。
2．What was Adams involved in during World War Ⅰ？
A．Taking photographs on the front line．
B．Traveling around European countries．
C．Fighting together with French soldiers．
D．Doing research on Christopher Columbus．
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“During World War Ⅰ ．．． where she stayed for months．”可知，一战期间她去了前线拍照。故选A。
3．What was Adams' attitude to these Europeans in Paragraph 3
A．Positive． B．Carefree．
C．Grateful． D．Negative．
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在她的文章中，她批评了她所看到的不公平现象，并对欧洲人殖民侵略拉丁美洲感到不满，由此可推知，她对欧洲人持否定态度。故选D。
4．How did Explorers Club treat Adams
A．It refused her help coldly．
B．It paid no attention to her．
C．It invited her to join in their discussion．
D．It asked her to join the Royal Geographical Society．
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However， the New York based Explorers Club gave her and other outstanding female adventurers the cold shoulder．”可知，探索者俱乐部故意冷落她。短语give sb the cold shoulder意为“给某人冷脸，故意冷落某人”。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．mission n． 使命，任务；职责
2．criticize v． 批评；批判；评论
3．claim v．& n． 声称，断言
4．royal adj． 皇家的；盛大的
5．outstanding adj． 杰出的；优秀的
(二)高频短语
6．set off for 动身去，出发去，启程去
7．give a lecture 讲授；讲演
8．under the control of 在……控制下
9．let alone 更不用说
10．allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．You owe it to yourself to get some professional (profession) help．
2．He is known for his adventurous (adventure) spirit and love of travel．
3．The new policy has significantly (significant) improved the quality of life in the area．
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．Photographer Peter is a regular contributor to National Geographic．撰稿人
5．The era of digitalization has brought about many changes in our lives．时代
6．The society must address the injustices faced by disadvantaged groups．不公平
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
publish， attend， mere
1．Everywhere he went he was accompanied by a group of officials．attended
2．The latest employment figures will be announced tomorrow morning．published
3．The only difference is that one model has a touchscreen， while the other has a traditional keyboard．mere
(六)长难句分析
Adams had no professional training as a geographer and had never been to college， but her color photo slides and adventurous travel style won her invitations to speak around the world， often from the organizations that had never invited a woman before．
句意：亚当斯没有接受过地理学方面的专业培训，也从未上过大学，但她色彩丰富的幻灯片以及冒险的旅行风格赢得了世界各地的演讲邀请，(演讲邀请)经常来自那些以前从未邀请过女性的组织。
分析：主干是Adams had no professional training and had never been to college， but her ．．． won her invitations；第二个and连接两个并列的名词短语her color photo slides和adventurous travel style作主语；that引导定语从句，修饰organizations。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．Let alone (更不用说……) cooking a fancy meal， I can't even boil water without burning it．
2．He is not allowed to (他不被允许) stay out late now．
(八)仿写句子
When they returned nearly three years later， she gave a lecture at National Geographic and started a 30 year career as a contributor． (时间状语从句)
仿写：当我住在那里的时候，我常常在星期天去公园。
When I lived there， I used to go to the park on Sundays．
30(共150张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
单元主题：人与自然——逆境与勇气
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
预习检测 词汇打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业(一)
5
课后课时作业(二)
6
预习检测 词汇打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．wage n. ______
2．expedition n. _____________________
3．vigour [NAmE vigor] n. __________________
4．cupboard n. __________________
5．steward n. _____________________________________
6．stove n. _________________
7．blanket n. _____
8．banjo n. _____________
工资
探险；远征；探险队
精力；力量；活力
橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
炉具；厨房灶具
毯子
班卓琴(乐器)
9．voyage n．& vi. _____________
10．navy n. ________________
11．cosy [NAmE cozy] adj. _________________
12．good/bad tempered adj. _______________
航海；航行
海军；海军部队
温馨的；舒适的
脾气好的/坏的
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．_________ n. 困境；逆境
2．_____ adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3．_______ adv.& prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
4．______ vt. 分派；布置；分配
5．_____ n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌
6．_____ vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎　n. 拥挤的人群
7．________ vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
8．_________ adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的
adversity
bitter
aboard
assign
envy
crush
abandon
miserable
9．_______ adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的
10．______ adj. 自私的
11．_______ vi.& vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)　n. 决心；坚定的信念
12．_____ n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
decent
selfish
resolve
crew
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力→_______ v. 忍耐；忍受
2．qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→_______ vi. 取得资格→____________ n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
3．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的→___________ n. 热情→__________ n. 热忠于……的人；热心者
4．belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产→________ vi. 属于；应在(某处)
endure
qualify
qualification
enthusiasm
enthusiast
belong
5．genuine adj． 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的→_________ adv． 真正地；真诚地
6．perseverance n． 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→_________ vi． 坚持；孜孜以求
genuinely
persevere
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
sink 熟义：vi．_________________
vt．________________
生义：vt． 使失败；使受挫；阻挠　vi． 降低，减少；倒下，坐下　n． 洗碗槽；水槽
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
____________ 拒绝(某人)
沉没；下沉；下降
使下沉；使沉没
turn sb down
自主学习 课文语篇
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914． Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and1 it2 was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions． Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries．3
课文三维剖析
1 连接两个并列分句
2 it是形式主语，不定式短语______________________
是真正的主语，a great honour是it的主语补足语
3______提前引起的全部倒装句
A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE
一次成功的失败
to be part of his expeditions
表语
珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。 沙克尔顿是那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一，参加他的探险活动被视为极大的荣耀。以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。
31 Oct 1914
1914年10月31日
4 it为形式主语，后面的that引导的主语从句为真正的主语
... Well， it4 so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition　
……好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。
5 引导______从句
6 __________________(时态)，其构成为“have/has been＋现在分词”
7 引导__________从句
8 引导__________从句
9 省略了引导词_____的______从句
10 引导_________从句
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that5 I have been dreaming of6． And I was ready for it． At the age of 19， I am fit and full of vigour． However， when7 I applied to join the expedition， Shackleton turned me down because8 he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified9． But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that10 I secretly went
定语
现在完成进行时
时间状语
原因状语
that
宾语
结果状语
11 连接两个并列结构__________
___________________________
_______________
　 　　　　　　　went aboard
his ship， the Endurance和hid in
a small cupboard
aboard his ship， the Endurance， and11 hid in a small cupboard． Unfortunately， three days after we set off I was discovered． Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job， but only after he promised me， “If anyone has to be eaten， then you will be the first！” He assigned me to be a steward， and I now serve meals for twenty eight men， three times a day．
跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极探险——这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。而且，我万事俱备。我今年19岁，身体健康，精力充沛。然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。沙克尔顿不想掉头，于是他给了我一份工作，但他要我答应他：“如果有人得被吃掉，那么你就是第一个！”他指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员供应一日三餐。
12 引导________
13 引导_________从句
14 I have been to是省略了引导词__________的_______从句，修饰先行词the amazing places
How12 everyone will envy me when13 I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to14!
等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！
21 Nov 1915
1915年11月21日
感叹句
时间状语
that/which
定语
15 引导__________从句， become stuck in意为“被卡住，被困于”
16 连接两个并列分句
17 引导__________从句
The journey has not been easy． Endurance became stuck in the ice as15 we approached Antarctica．The ice froze around us and16 we were well and truly stuck! We saw the ship get crushed by the ice． And when17 the ship sank， our hearts sank with it．
时间状语
时间状语
这趟旅程并不轻松。在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。冰把我们周围都冻住了，我们彻底被卡住了！我们眼睁睁看着轮船被冰挤毁。船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉。
18 引导__________从句
19 the small boats … and blankets是supplies的________
Before18 we abandoned the ship， Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats， our food， the cook stove， candles， clothes， and blankets19． This was no time to panic． We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings， and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold． But to our surprise， he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo． Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up．
时间状语
同位语
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。这不是惊慌失措的时候。我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金。然而，令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西带上他的班卓琴。赫西经常会弹奏班卓琴，以振奋我们的精神。
20 连接两个并列分句________
_______________和__________
___________
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive， but20 spring is coming， and the ice will soon begin to melt．
　　　　　　　　　We are
now camped …
　　　　　　　　　spring is
coming …
现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下来，但是，春天就要来了，冰层很快就会融化。
20 May 1916
1916年5月20日
21 引导___________从句
22 too … (for sb) to do… 意为“_____________________________________”
23 引导__________从句
We have been struggling for days， but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse． We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place． Soon after21 we arrived， Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island， 1，320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats22． If23 Shackleton fails， will we have any hope of rescue No． No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island， and no one else knows that we are here．
时间状语
　太……以至于(对某人来说)
不能做某事
条件状语
我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来越糟糕。现在，在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸，我们挤在一艘小船下。我们来到此处不久之后，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1，320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有任何获救的希望吗？没有。全世界没有海军会停靠象岛，也没有其他人知道我们在这里。
24 动词不定式短语作______
I feel low． It's cold and windy． The island has no plants． Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat． Otherwise， there is no food． I try to think of happier things24: decent food，warm and dry clothes， a cosy bedroom， sunny days， and my mother's face … However， these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air．
宾语
我感到十分沮丧。天冷风大。岛上没有任何植物，有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来充饥。除此以外，没有任何食物。我试着去想让人开心的事情：美味的食物、暖和的干衣服、舒适的卧房、晴朗的天气，还有妈妈的脸庞……然而，这些快乐的回忆很快被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断。
25 祈使句
26 倒装句
I shouted， “Shut the door！”
我吼道：“把门关上！”
“Hold on now， Perce． Don't you go turning into another Tom25，” came the reply26． “We've caught another penguin， so it's penguin soup tonight！”
传来一声回答：“要坚持住啊，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆。”“我们又抓到了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了！”
27 Frank Wild的同位语
28 引导_________
Bless Frank Wild， the kindest man there27 is after our leader， Ernest Shackleton． How28 could I become as selfish and bad tempered as Thomas Orde Lees!
感叹句
上帝保佑弗兰克·怀尔德，他是除了我们的领队欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最和蔼可亲的人。我怎么可以变得像托马斯·奥德里斯那样自私和脾气暴躁呢！
29 相当于一个__________从句
30 表示与现在事实相反的假设
Without Frank and Ernest29， we’d all be dead by now30． Their genuine concern for others， their perseverance， and their resolve fill me with hope．
条件状语
要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在早就没命了。他们对别人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念，让我充满希望。
31同位语从句，解释说明chance
Perhaps there is a chance we will return home31， after all．
毕竟，我们也许还有机会回家。
(一)填空并匹配
1．The author joined the ___________________and became a crew member on Endurance．( )
2．Shackleton and his crew __________ the ship Endurance．( )
3．The crew members' life on _____________．( )
A．Diary 2：1915．11．21
B．Diary 3：1916．5．20
C．Diary 1：1914．10．31
阅读领悟
C
A
答案
B
Endurance expedition
abandoned
Elephant Island
(二)排序
____ It's a expedition I have been dreaming of， so I applied to join the expedition．
____ I bought a newspaper and read an advertisement about the Antarctic expedition．
____ Later， I secretly went aboard the ship and hid in a small cupboard．
____ Unfortunately， I was discovered． Shackleton didn't turn me back but assigned me to be a steward．
____ Because Shackleton thought I was too young to be qualified， so I was turned down， but I was still enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them．
2
1
答案
4
5
3
(三)问题链
1．How did the author manage to be a crew member of the ship Endurance
______________________________________________
2．Why did Shackleton allow Hussey to keep his banjo
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3．How did Blackborow feel when Endurance sank
___________________________
He went aboard the ship and hid in a small cupboard．
　　 Playing the banjo could keep the members up while waiting for rescue in the
desperate situation．
答案
Worried， terrified and panic．
合作探究 课时重点
探究一　热词
1．assign vt． 分派；布置；分配；委派，派遣(教材P38)
assignment n． 分配，布置；工作，任务；作业
assign sb sth＝assign sth to sb 把某物/工作/任务分配/分派/布置给某人
assign sb to (do) sth 指派某人(做)某事
assign sb as sth 指派某人任某一职务
①I have a lot of reading assignments to complete before the end of term．
学期结束前我有很多阅读作业要完成。
②The teacher assigned each of the children a different task．
＝The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children．
老师给每个孩子布置了不同的任务。
③The forces have been assigned to help with peacekeeping．
军队被派遣协助维持和平。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Our teacher assigned him ___ a leader in the math class．
②As those ____________ (assign) had been done， he went on to search the Internet．
③My brother graduated from a university and was assigned _________ (work) at a research institute．
【学会表达】完成句子
④史密斯先生决定把这项重要的任务分配给有强烈责任感的人。
Mr Smith decided to ________________________ whoever had a strong sense of responsibility．
as
assignments
to work
assign the important task to
2．envy n．& vt． 羡慕；妒忌(教材P38)
envious adj． 羡慕的；妒忌的
enviously adv． 羡慕地；妒忌地
with envy 羡慕地；妒忌地
out of envy 出于羡慕/妒忌
be/become the envy of ．．． 成为……羡慕(或妒忌)的对象
be green with envy 非常嫉妒
envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事
be envious of 羡慕/妒忌……
①I was looking enviously at your plate，wishing I'd had the fish．
我羡慕地看着你的盘子，真希望我有鱼吃。
②I watched with envy as she set off for the airport．
我羡慕地看着她动身去机场。(心理描写)
③Their economy is the envy of the developing world．
他们的经济令发展中国家羡慕。
④She could see that all the other girls were green with envy．
她看得出来，其他女孩都妒忌得要命。
⑤He envied Caroline her peace．
他羡慕卡罗琳的平和。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①If you have no selfish motives，you will not be suspicious and _________(envy) of others．
②Our mobile payment has become the envy ____ other countries．
③Mark and his brother both looked __________ (envy) at the shinning computer．
【学会表达】翻译
④我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。
__________________________________
⑤出于妒忌，她用咖啡把画给毁了。
____________________________________________
envious
of
enviously
I envy you having such a close family．
Out of envy， she ruined the painting with coffee．
3．abandon vt． 舍弃；抛弃；放弃；陷入，沉湎于　n． 放任，放纵(教材P38)
abandoned adj． 被离弃的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to 陷于；沉溺于
with abandon 尽情地；放纵地
①Logic had prevailed and he had abandoned the idea．
理性占了上风，他放弃了该想法。
②An abandoned baby was found in a box on the hospital steps．
在医院台阶上的一个箱子里发现了一个弃婴。
③He abandoned himself to despair．
他陷入绝望中。
④The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon．
姑娘们跳上跳下，尽情地挥舞着手臂。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Children feel ___________ (abandon) and rejected if they don't see their parents regularly．
②He abandoned ________ (study) abroad owing to his mother's illness．
③Abandoning himself ___ sorrow， Steven just couldn't help crying．
【学会表达】翻译
④这个男孩从小就被父母遗弃，然而在生活中遇到困难时，他并没有陷入绝望。
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
abandoned
studying
to
The boy was abandoned by his parents when he was a baby; however， he doesn't
abandon himself to despair when meeting trouble in life．
4．resolve vi．& vt． 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)　n． 决心；坚定的信念(教材P39)
resolution n． 决议；解决；坚定；决心；决定
resolve to do sth 决心/决定去做某事
resolve (that) ... 决定……
resolve on sth/doing sth 决心/决定(做)某事
resolve against 决定不；坚决反对
make a resolution 做出决定；下决心
①She resolved to report the matter to the hospital's nursing manager．
她决定把这件事汇报给医院的护士长。
②Mary resolved that she would keep the secret．
玛丽决定保守这个秘密。
③We had resolved on making an early start．
我们决定早点出发。
④After hours of argument， they resolved against taking legal action．
经过几个小时的争论，他们决定不采取法律行动。
⑤She made a resolution to visit her relatives more often．
她决定要多拜访她的亲戚。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①We have resolved ___ promoting education in underdeveloped areas．
②There's some question as to whether he will sign this _________ (resolve)．
③Influenced by my deskmate， I resolved ___________ (improve) my spoken English．
【学会表达】完成句子
④该做的就下决心去做，决心做的务必做好。(主旨升华)
_________________________________; perform without fail what you resolve．
⑤在她生病期间，她决定不熬夜。
During her illness， ______________________________．
on
resolution
to improve
Resolve to perform what you ought
she resolved against staying up late
5．qualified adj． 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→_________ vi． 取得资格→____________ n． (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
Some nursing experience is a necessary qualification for this job and she qualified as a nurse last year．
有护理经验是做这项工作的必要条件，她去年取得了护士资格。
qualify
qualification
The enthusiasts for environmental protection are planting trees with great enthusiasm， which makes us more enthusiastic about environment protection．
环保热心人士植树造林的热情高涨，让我们的环保热情更加高涨。
6．enthusiastic adj． 热情的；热心的→__________ n． 热情→__________ n． 热衷于……的人；热心者
enthusiasm
enthusiast
Although she's new to the school， we'd like her to feel that she belongs to here and we should not touch the personal belongings．
虽然她是新来的，但我们希望她能感觉到她是属于这里的，而且我们不应该碰她的私人物品。
7．belongings n． [pl．]财物；动产→________ vi． 属于；应在(某处)
belong
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①I put a few personal ___________ (belong) in a bag and left the house for the last time．
②You don't seem very ___________ (enthusiasm) about the party—don't you want to go tonight
【学会表达】翻译
③他非常胜任这项工作，但他确实缺乏个性。
_____________________________________________________
belongings
enthusiastic
He is well qualified for the job， but he does lack personality．
8 sink
[熟义]vi． 沉没；下沉；下降　vt． 使下沉；使沉没
[生义]vt． ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿__　vi． ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿___　n．______________
使失败；使受挫；阻挠
降低，减少；倒下，坐下
洗碗槽；水槽
①The sun set and we watched as the shadows sank deeper into the valley．
夕阳西下，我们注视着阴影逐渐沉入山谷之中。
②I think I've just sunk my chances of getting the job．
我想，我已经葬送了得到那份工作的机会。
③His voice sank to a whisper．
他的声音逐渐小得成了耳语。
④Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink!
别把脏盘子往洗碗槽里一放就不管了！
【学会运用】同义词替换
①The sun sunk below the horizon．____
【学会表达】翻译
②她的父亲瘫坐在椅子上，不知道下一步该怎么办。
___________________________________________________
set
Her father sank into the chair， not knowing how to do next．
探究一　热词
9．turn sb down 拒绝(某人)(教材P38)
turn其他相关短语：
turn down 拒绝；调低(音量等)
turn up 偶然出现；露面；调高(音量等)
turn on 接通；打开
turn off 关掉；离开；对……失去兴趣
turn out 结果是，证明是
turn to 向……求助；转向，致力于；开始做某事
turn in 上交；交还
①I'm not going to turn down an invitation to go to New York!
我不会拒绝去纽约的邀请的！
②I wish I knew how to turn on the heating．
要是我知道如何打开暖气装置就好了。
③No one could have foreseen (that) things would turn out this way．
谁都没有预料到事情的结果会这样。
④In times of crisis I know which friends I can turn to．
在危难关头我知道我能投靠哪些朋友。
⑤If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date， it will earn a zero．
如果它在截止日期后的第4天还没有上交，将获得零分。(通知要求)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Franklin did not turn ___ until well after midnight．
②We should never forget to turn ____ the lights when we leave the classrooms．
③For her medical costs， the family chose to turn ___ charity．
④I was positive that things were going to turn ____ fine．
【学会表达】翻译
⑤我喜欢接受挑战做别人拒绝做的工作。
__________________________________________________
up
off
to
out
I enjoy the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down．
对点练习 巩固所学
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列单词和短语的英文
1．_________ n． 忍耐力；耐久力
2．______ vt． 分派；布置；分配
3．_____ n．& vt． 羡慕；妒忌
4．__________ adj． 热情的；热心的
5．_________ adj． 痛苦的；令人难受的
6．____________ 拒绝(某人)
endurance
assign
envy
enthusiastic
miserable
turn sb down
7．_________ 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
8．_____________________ 困住
9．____________ 在……岁时
10．________ 成功做某事
go aboard
become/be/get stuck in
at the age of
make it
(二)写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义
1．Far off to the west the sun was sinking．_____
2．My belongings were scattered all over the room after the move．___________
______
3．His genuine smile warmed my heart on a cold winter day．________
4．With new year's resolution， I'm determined to improve my English speaking skills．______
5．The bitter taste of lemon reminded her of her childhood in the countryside．
_______
下沉
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　财物，个人
物品
真诚的
决心
苦涩的
维度二　语境运用
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．He showed remarkable __________(endure) throughout his illness．
2．He abandoned himself ___ his sadness．
3．The Supreme Council resolved ___________ (resume) control over the national press．
4．The teacher assigned a difficult math ___________ (assign) for the weekend．
5．She was very ___________ (enthusiasm) about the project and offered to help whenever possible．
endurance
to
to resume
assignment
enthusiastic
(四)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分
1．The committee finally came to a decision after three hour discussion．________
2．Once you have put your hand to an undertaking， you should insist until you have finished it．__________
3．I slept very soundly—the bed was really comfortable．_____
4．She deserted her family and moved to a new city without a word of explanation．__________
5．Despite the difficulties she faced， she never gave up on her dream．________
resolution
persevere， adversity， cosy， resolve， abandon
persevere
cosy
abandoned
adversities
维度三　能力提升
(五)长难句分析
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)According to this theory， people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media， which are often not so serious， and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print．
句意：根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。
分析：句子主干是people approach digital texts … and devote …。suited to social media作__________，修饰mindset，which引导_______________从句，解释说明先行词social media， and连接并列结构_________________________________________
____________________。
后置定语
非限制性定语
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　approach digital texts … not so serious和devote less mental ... reading print
(六)句型转换
1．The professor， along with his two students， is seated in the studio receiving the interview now．(改写为完全倒装)
→_______________________________， along with his two students， receiving the interview now．
2．The girl was so frightened that she could hardly move as a car out of control was coming towards her quickly．(改写为too … to … 结构)
→______________________________ as a car out of control was coming towards her quickly．
Seated in the studio is the professor
The girl was too frightened to move
维度四　素养提升
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．She __________________ (表示对……的关心) the welfare of the animals in the shelter．
2．We should learn how to _______________________ (谢绝别人的邀约) politely．
3．I _____________________ (一直在梦想着) visiting China for years， and finally I have the opportunity to make my dream come true．
showed concern for
turn down others' invitation
have been dreaming of
(八)翻译
1．很多医生和护士夜以继日地工作了几周了。(现在完成进行时)
_______________________________________________________________
2．当我正在做一个重要项目的时候，碰巧突然停电了。(It happened that …)
___________________________________________________________________
________
Dozens of doctors and nurses have been working day and night for weeks．
　　It happened that the power suddenly went out when I was working on an important
project．
课后课时作业（一）
　　　较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·广东省广州市高二下期中)A 23 year old woman has achieved an unbelievable feat that many of us dream of—visiting every country on Earth．
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Lexie Alford was born into a family of travel agents， which gave her the opportunity to __1__ places such as Cambodia， Dubai and Egypt during her childhood， according to Forbes magazine． She began saving up at age 12 to __2__ her goal of visiting all countries． By her 18th birthday， she had travelled to 72 nations． In October， she realized she could see the __3__ nations on her list in time to set an official record． Many people __4__ her travel on social media platform Instagram， so she decided to chase the world record partly to __5__ others． “Honestly， in the beginning， I __6__ wanted to push the limits of what I thought I could do with my life and see as much of the world as possible in the __7__，” she told Forbes． “It wasn't until things started getting really __8__ that I realized I was inspiring people around me， especially the __9__．”
“I also loved visiting Northern Pakistan， for the natural beauty of the mountains and __10__ of the locals were astonishing，” Ms Alford said． “The most pleasant __11__ about travelling to all these misunderstood areas of the world was that the countries that I had the least expectation for __12__ being the most incredible．”
“My __13__ for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do． You have to make __14__ to travel around the world but if it's something that's genuinely __15__ to you， it's only a matter of time until you can make it a reality．”
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一名23岁的女子Lexie Alford (莱克茜·奥尔福德)完成了一件令人难以置信的事情——访问地球上的每个国家，她的举动激励着无数年轻人。
篇章导读
1．A．report B．settle
C．tour D．love
2．A．fund B．conceive
C．switch D．set
解析：根据上文“many of us dream of—visiting every country on Earth”可知，此处指Lexie Alford有机会到这些国家旅行。故选C。
答案
解析
解析：根据上文“She began saving up at age 12”可知，她开始攒钱是为她访问所有国家的目标提供资金。故选A。
3．A．powerful B．remote
C．developed D．remaining
4．A．ranked B．overlooked
C．followed D．criticized
解析：根据上文“By her 18th birthday， she had travelled to 72 nations．”可知，她还要去看剩余的、没有去过的国家。故选D。
答案
解析
解析：根据下文“social media platform Instagram”可知，许多人在社交平台Instagram上关注她的旅行。故选C。
5．A．inspire B．please
C．understand D．accompany
6．A．occasionally B．simply
C．completely D．temporarily
解析：根据上文“Many people __4__ her travel on social media platform Instagram”可推知，她想要去争取世界纪录的部分原因就是想通过这件事激励他人。故选A。
答案
解析
解析：根据时间状语“in the beginning”和上文可知，最开始她仅仅是想挑战自己的极限，尽可能地多看看世界上的国家。故选B。
7．A．platform B．agency
C．process D．country
8．A．dull B．official
C．natural D．challenging
解析：根据上文“see as much of the world as possible”可知，此处指在(旅行)过程中尽可能多看看世界(上的国家)。故选C。
答案
解析
解析：根据下文“I realized I was inspiring people around me”可知，Lexie Alford所从事的事情具有挑战性，激励着身边的人。故选D。
9．A．adults B．youth
C．bosses D．agents
10．A．kindness B．situation
C．ignorance D．status
解析：根据下文“My __13__ for young people”可知，Lexie Alford环游世界这件事正激励着身边的人，尤其是年轻人。故选B。
答案
解析
解析：根据上文“I also loved visiting … of the mountains”可知，此处指当地人的善良让她很惊讶。故选A。
11．A．memory B．surprise
C．lesson D．effect
12．A．started with B．met with
C．ended up D．turned back
解析：根据下文“travelling to all … the most incredible”可知，此处指Lexie Alford发现被人误解的地区并非人们所说的那样，这给了她惊喜。故选B。
答案
解析
解析：根据上文“all these misunderstood ... the least expectation for”和下文“being the most incredible”可知，Lexie Alford最开始不带着任何期待，但最终发现这些国家是最不可思议的。end up doing sth意为“最终做某事”，为固定短语。故选C。
13．A．advice B．compromise
C．belief D．comment
14．A．plans B．decision
C．devotion D．sacrifices
解析：根据下文“you can do anything you set your mind to do”可知，这是Lexie Alford给年轻人的建议。故选A。
答案
解析
解析：此处指如果你想环游世界，你就必须要做出牺牲。固定短语make sacrifices意为“做出牺牲”。故选D。
15．A．incredible B．impossible
C．important D．impressive
解析：根据下文“it's only a matter of time until you can make it a reality”可知，此处指如果某事对你来说真的很重要，那么迟早你会通过努力完成它。故选C。
答案
解析
Ⅱ　阅读
(2024·福建省泉州中远学校高二下质量检测)Sadaf's childhood was happy． She enjoyed going to school and meeting her friends． But one day， she returned home running a high temperature．
“We thought it was regular flu． But we were told that I would not be able to walk ever again now，” she recalls．
Sadaf was just 10 years old then． After the family was turned down by doctors in Kashmir， they went to Mumbai， where an operation was performed to treat her legs． But eventually， Sadaf had to rely on a wheelchair to move around． By this time， she had to discontinue her education．
Things worsened when her father， her “only source of support”， passed away． “Everyone except my father doubted my capabilities． But he always encouraged me to dream big． I missed him．”
“There were days when I would end up crying all day， sitting alone in my room． I was getting into depression，” she says．
“By now， I've realized that I have to either end my life or struggle to prove myself． I chose the latter． I wanted to prove to the world that people like me can also achieve something． I had just lost my ability to walk， not my ability to use my brain，” she adds．
That is why Sadaf decided to step up for herself． In 2015， she opened a shop but had to shut it a couple of years later as the work affected her eyesight． She says， “But I wanted to try my hands at everything． So I decided to play basketball as well． I have also been awarded multiple times by the Jammu and Kashmir Basketball Association．”
Recently， Sadaf tried selling unique spices of the Kashmir valley． “Today， I have established my own business without anyone's emotional or financial support． People would question me what I could achieve sitting in a wheelchair， when their educated and able bodied children sat idly (闲散地)． Now the very same people give my example to others，” she says．
Sadaf believes that people with disabilities should never doubt themselves． “If you hear others say something not so positive， you may end up depressed． Instead of living within the confines (限制) of a room， try to prove yourself，” she advises．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了残疾人Sadaf (萨达夫)不顾他人的质疑用行动证明自己的励志故事。
篇章导读
1．What did Sadaf lose after her father's death
A．Walking ability． B．Financial support．
C．Spiritual backing． D．Precious eyesight．
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Things worsened when … to dream big．”可知，Sadaf的父亲是她唯一的支柱，支持鼓励她追求远大梦想，因此父亲的去世让她失去了精神支柱。故选C。
答案
解析
2．Why did Sadaf try basketball
A．To build up her body． B．To prove herself．
C．To win awards． D．To pursue her dream．
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“By now ... prove myself．”以及第七段中的“But I wanted ... play basketball as well．”可知，Sadaf打篮球是为了证明自己。故选B。
答案
解析
3．Which of the following can best describe Sadaf
A．Talented but inflexible． B．Disabled but learned．
C．Independent and honest． D．Determined and capable．
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“I wanted ... use my brain (我想向世界证明，像我这样的人也能有所成就。我只是失去了走路的能力，而不是失去了思考的能力)”和第七段中的“But I wanted … play basketball as well．”以及最后一段中的“Sadaf believes … doubt themselves．”可推知，Sadaf虽然残疾，但是她开店、打篮球、做生意，说明她非常能干，而且在别人的质疑中勇敢地证明自己的能力，说明她是意志坚定的。故选D。
答案
解析
4．What message can we get from Sadaf's story
A．A fine example has limitless power．
B．Do not let your disability rule you．
C．Encouragement is the source of power．
D．Do not put all your eggs in one basket．
解析：推理判断题。根据Sadaf 的故事以及最后一段中的“If you hear … try to prove yourself (如果你听到别人说一些不太积极的话，你可能会感到沮丧。与其蜗居一室，不如试着证明自己)”可推知，她建议人们要去证明自己的能力，而不要让残疾限制自己。故选B。
答案
解析
Ⅲ　语法填空
(2024·山东省青岛市高二下月考)“Look on the bright side” is one of those __1__ (suggest) that people always consider inspiring but less helpful． However， new research shows that finding something of interest in a terrible situation makes __2__ easy for people to stop complaining． Besides， looking at a challenge with humor is a good method， __3__ may even be helpful in preventing anxious people __4__ feeling sad．
In a study published much __5__ (early)， researchers gave the participants (参与者) some photos that show negative (负面的) situations． Then they would describe these __6__(photo)according to the request of researchers． Those using humorous words to describe the pictures were found to have fewer negative emotions and more possibilities to go through a hard time in __7__ (they) life than those who described the photos __8__ (direct)．
So there appear to be no disadvantages to looking at difficult things in your life with humor and lightness． The conclusion from the study is that for those at higher risk of anxiety， humor can develop an ability __9__ (control) negative emotions． What's more， making others around you smile can be an extra benefit of humor． Therefore， when you feel stressed and couldn't concentrate your mind on what you __10__ (do)all along， find something that can make you laugh first．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________
6．________　7．________　8．________ 9．________　10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了从消极的情况中看到积极的一面实际上是有用的，一项研究表明，幽默地看待挑战可能有助于防止焦虑的人感到悲伤，也有利于培养控制负面情绪的能力。
篇章导读
1．答案：suggestions
解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前的those可知，应用名词复数。故填suggestions。
答案
解析
2．答案：it
解析：考查固定句型。固定句型“make it＋形容词＋for sb＋to do sth”，意为“让做某事对于某人来说是……的”，设空处应用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语。故填it。
3．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词method进行解释说明，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
答案
解析
4．答案：from
解析：考查介词。prevent sb from doing sth意为“防止某人做某事”。故填from。
5．答案：earlier
解析：考查副词的比较级。根据设空前的much可知，应用early的比较级。故填earlier。
答案
解析
6．答案：photos
解析：考查名词。these后应用复数，photo为可数名词。故填photos。
7．答案：their
解析：考查代词。修饰名词life，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
答案
解析
8．答案：directly
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰动词described。故填directly。
9．答案：to control
解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处应用不定式作后置定语，表示“控制负面情绪的能力”。故填to control。
答案
解析
10．答案：have been doing
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据设空后的all along可知，此处指集中精力于一直在做的事情，应用现在完成进行时，主语为you。故填have been doing。
(2024·上海市青浦高级中学高二下阶段性检测)As the Alaskan sky gradually turned dark blue， the commands to my sled dog team broke the silence． I threw a glance over my shoulder as I thundered down the frozen waterway in the sub zero temperatures． Where was Mike， my guide I wondered if he realized I was miles away．
精深阅读
While out exploring in the early evening， my lead dog smelled something it couldn’t resist． Regardless of my instructions， it instinctively wheeled around and led all the other dogs in the opposite direction at full speed． In my conversations with Mike over the past few days， I’d been told that if I got lost， I would be in big trouble． There weren’t any supplies for me—no extra clothing or shelter， not to mention the firestarter， and we had seen wolf tracks regularly．
It was March， the end of the Alaskan winter． A long journey from Australia had brought me to Yukon， Alaska． My hosts' log cabin was the starting point for my 10 day adventure． Wayne and Scarlett， my hosts， lived a sustainable life． They hunted， fished， and gathered food while consciously minimizing their carbon footprint． Having enjoyed many years of exploring the Alaskan wilderness， the couple chose to help adventurers to experience the same lifestyle．
Driving a team of sled dogs is not as easy as it appears． I'd imagined it would be a very relaxing experience， in which I would ride along with a pleasant smile while gazing at the passing landscape． In reality it turned out much tougher． You must predict where your dogs would go and how the surface ahead might change．
During the journey， we stayed in a different place every night， and took care of our dog teams． These dogs can guarantee our safety and help us escape dangerous situations， so their health and well being always rank first． After we settled， we started collecting snow for water and cutting firewood．
Luckily， I didn't end up in the fangs (尖牙) of wolves． Mike found me sometime later． Our dog teams， in the excitement of being reunited， headed straight for each other and got tangled up in the ropes． There's never a boring moment．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在阿拉斯加进行的雪橇狗队冒险旅行的故事。
篇章导读
1．Why did the writer get lost
A．The lead dog was misled by other dogs．
B．The lead dog followed wrong commands．
C．The lead dog was attracted by an irresistible smell．
D．The lead dog failed to determine the direction in darkness．
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While out exploring in the early evening ... the opposite direction at full speed．”可知，作者迷路的原因是领头狗闻到了一种无法抗拒的味道后不顾作者的指令，朝着相反的方向前行。故选C。
答案
解析
2．Which of the following can best describe a real dog sled ride
A．Dull． B．Exhausting．
C．Comfortable． D．Entertaining．
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“I'd imagined it … much tougher．”以及倒数第二段“During the journey ... cutting firewood．”可知，作者本以为雪橇狗队冒险旅行是非常放松的，但实际上却是非常困难的，在旅途中，每晚都住在不同的地方，照顾狗队，安顿下来后，还需要捡雪取水、砍柴。由此推知，雪橇狗队冒险旅行是非常令人疲惫的。故选B。
答案
解析
3．What do we know about the life in Alaska
A．Locals live on tourism．
B．Fire comes first in exploration．
C．Wolves live in peace with humans．
D．Dog sled teams deserve priority care．
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“These dogs can guarantee … well being always rank first．”可知，雪橇狗队应该得到优先照顾。故选D。
答案
解析
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The Alaskan lifestyle． B．The tourism in Alaska．
C．An adventure in wilderness． D．An appreciation of nature．
解析：主旨大意题。文章介绍了作者在阿拉斯加荒野进行的雪橇狗队冒险旅行的故事。在夜幕降临时，作者迷路了，并且没有足够的物资来生存。幸运的是，他的向导最终找到了他们。C项(荒野冒险。)概括文章的主要内容。故选C。
答案
解析
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．__________ n． 命令；指令　v． 命令；控制；指挥
2．_______ n． 储备；生活必需品　v． 供应，提供
3．________ n． 避难所；收容所，庇护所
4．_________ n． 冒险；奇遇；冒险经历
5．minimize vt．____________________________
command
supply
shelter
adventure
使减少到最低限度；使最小化
(二)高频短语
6．__________________ 朝……瞥了一眼
7．_______ 盯住；凝视
8．________ 实际上；事实上
9．_______ 最终成为；最后落得
10．get tangled up_____________
throw a glance over
gaze at
in reality
end up
纠缠在一起
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．We watched their ship moving _________ (gradual) farther away．
2．Follow the ___________ (instruct) below to download and install the patch．
3．He is ____________ (conscious) trying to overcome his weakness．
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．Who could resist the beauty of the tropical island？______
5．I just went through a very tough time of my life．________
6．He realized instinctively that simply training harder would never be enough．
________
gradually
instructions
consciously
抗拒
艰难的
本能地
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．They reside in a cottage at the foot of the mountain．______
2．They searched the hills but found no trace of the wild animals．______
3．The map shows the position of the new landfills．______
settle
track
point
point, settle, track
(六)长难句分析
In my conversations with Mike over the past few days， I'd been told that if I got lost， I would be in big trouble．
句意：在过去几天里，在我和迈克的谈话中，他曾告诉我，如果我迷路了，我会有大麻烦的。
分析：主干是_________________；that引导_______从句；if 引导__________从句。
I'd been told that …
宾语
条件状语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．The baby’s mother escaped from the fire __________________________(和其余两个孩子)．
2．They forgot the time ___________________ (在……的兴奋中) exploration．
(八)仿写句子
Driving a team of sled dogs is not as easy as it appears． (动名词(短语)作主语)
仿写：暴露在辐射下很危险。
____________________________________
along with two other children
in the excitement of
Being exposed to radiation is dangerous．
课后课时作业（二）
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 难度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
(2024·辽宁省新高考联盟高二下阶段测试)The French couple Katia and Maurice Krafft， shared an attraction to volcanoes， one that perhaps approached an addiction． There are many people interested in volcanoes， but very few who are willing to climb an erupting crater (火山口) and approach the flowing lava (岩浆)． Katia and Maurice did a lot of work， shooting photographs and films of volcano eruptions， always being the first on the scene of an active volcano， and the ones who fearlessly came to just a few feet from lava flows． They were not only highly respected by volcanologists all around the world， but also envied．
The couple met in the 1960s when they were both students at the University of Strasbourg， and got married in 1970． Both of them were attracted to volcanoes since childhood． Upon graduating， Katia and Maurice pursued their careers as volcano observers with no financial support at all， just their own savings， which they spent on a trip to Stromboli to observe the eruption of the volcano．
They took an incredible and valuable set of photographs of the near continuous eruption． People were curious about the photographs， while public officials working on threatening volcanoes found them useful． This interest in their work helped the French couple to establish a career in documenting eruptions． Now able to obtain financial support for their work， Katia and Maurice visited hundreds， if not thousands， of volcanoes around the globe． They traveled and recorded eruptions， always getting closer to the danger than anyone else．
In June 1991， along with 40 other people， the Kraffts set out to film the eruption at Mount Unzen in Japan． A sudden and unexpected flow took place and all the people in its path were killed． Later investigation revealed that Katia's and Maurice's bodies were closest to the volcano crater． They were 44 and 45 years old respectively．
In their 25 year long career， the couple documented hundreds of volcanoes， and their work consists of thousands of still photos， 300 hours of film materials， a number of books， and scientific articles published in Bulletin of Volcanology．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了法国火山科学家Katia Krafft (卡蒂亚·克拉夫特)和Maurice Krafft (莫里斯·克拉夫特)夫妇的火山探索故事。
篇章导读
1．When did the couple start their career as volcano observers
A．As children． B．While studying at college．
C．When leaving university． D．After getting married．
答案
解析
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Upon graduating … of the volcano．”可知，夫妇二人大学一毕业就开始了他们的火山探索事业。故选C。
2．What is unique to the couple's photographs of volcanoes
A．They focused on threatening volcanoes．
B．They were taken with their own savings．
C．They recorded continuous eruption of volcanoes．
D．They took photos at a shorter distance from lava flows．
答案
解析
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They traveled and recorded eruptions， always getting closer to the danger than anyone else．”可知，他们选择了比其他人更接近火山口的地方拍摄火山照片，总是比其他人更接近危险，也让他们的照片与众不同。故选D。
3．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A．The couple didn't get prepared before setting out．
B．The couple had been married for 25 years before the accident．
C．The couple made a great fortune with what they shot．
D．The couple went ahead of the rest at the last minute．
答案
解析
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Later investigation revealed that Katia's and Maurice's bodies were closest to the volcano crater．”可推知，在生命的最后一刻，夫妇二人是离火山口最近的，这对夫妇在最后一刻走在了其他人的前面。故选D。
4．Which of the following can best describe the couple
A．Caring and demanding． B．Promising and optimistic．
C．Brave and devoted． D．Dynamic and calm．
答案
解析
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They traveled and … anyone else．”和最后一段内容可知，夫妇二人总是冲在离火山口最近的第一线，25年间获取了大量的宝贵资料，由此可推知，他们是勇敢且敬业的。故选C。
B
(2024·河北省邯郸市高二下期末)For some folks， hiking is an activity done for a couple of miles at a time． But for others， it is a lifestyle． Those who hike the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) fall into the latter． The PCT is 2，650 miles． Along the way， hikers walk through the desert， up mountains and then cross seven national parks． It is a tough journey with a low completion rate． Just 14% of all hikers attempting a “thru hike” have succeeded in finishing the PCT．
The hike's reputation is what makes Pa'at's completion of the journey more extraordinary． The hiker known as Pa'at， an old man， finished the last bit of the PCT with two younger hikers， Auti and Chris． They celebrated Pa'at's success via an online post． They wrote， “Not many people can say they've finished such an amazing feat， especially not at 71！”
Pa'at approached the trail end marker and touched it， amazed that he had made it to the end． He said， “I know there were different troubles that I needed to overcome， but I had confidence in myself．”
For anyone who has ever dreamed of hiking the PCT， Pa'at's feat is proof that they aren't too late． “I've wanted to walk this trail for a long time，” someone posted online， “but now I know even if I don't get it in my twenties or thirties， I can still try again． Of course， I can challenge what I lacked courage to do in the past．”
Auti and Chris met Pa'at a few days before finishing． They said， “Pa'at is one of those people you instantly feel like you've known a lifetime． He has a heart of gold， the kindest soul， and unmatched optimism and courage． We both thank him for being such an inspiration to us．”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71岁的Pa'at (帕特)徒步完成太平洋山脊步道的励志故事。
篇章导读
5．How does the author begin the text
A．By quoting a saying． B．By giving an example．
C．By making an assumption． D．By drawing a comparison．
答案
解析
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “For some folks … a lifestyle．(对一些人来说，徒步旅行是一项一次走几英里的活动。但对其他人来说，这是一种生活方式。)”可推知，作者是通过对比开始本文的。故选D。
6．Which word can best describe Pa'at's finishing the PCT
A．Expected． B．Effortless．
C．Troublesome． D．Unbelievable．
答案
解析
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Not many people can say they've finished such an amazing feat， especially not at 71！(没有多少人能说他们完成了如此惊人的壮举，尤其是在71岁的时候！)”可知，71岁的Pa'at成功徒步完成PCT，这令人难以置信。故选D。
7．What can we conclude from Paragraph 4
A．History is a guide．
B．Age is just a number．
C．Failure is the mother of success．
D．Time is a thief that never leaves empty handed．
答案
解析
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “For anyone who … too late．”可推知，71岁的Pa'at的壮举启示人们，追寻自己的梦想什么时候都不晚，即年龄只是一个数字。故选B。
8．What kind of role is Pa'at in the eyes of Auti and Chris
A．A beginner． B．A stranger．
C．An example． D．An opponent
答案
解析
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We both thank him for being such an inspiration to us．(我们都感谢他对我们的激励。)”可推知，在Auti(奥绨)和Chris(克里斯)眼中，Pa’at是他们的榜样。故选C。
Ⅱ　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·陕西省西安市高二下质量检测)I begged my mom to let me make cookies by myself， even though I had never attempted baking before． I was nine years old and my friend Emmie had been baking cupcakes by herself for a year． I was determined to prove that I could make it．
My brother， Caleb， laughed at the idea of me cooking alone， calling it a disaster． Having a big brother can be annoying． Despite his laughing， my mom agreed to let me try． She reminded me to take my time and be careful because I'd had some messy spills before I was nine．
I raced to the kitchen and went to work． I cracked eggs and put a cold stick of butter into the bowl． I turned on the mixer at medium speed—and whoa． Whoa． Whoa! What a disaster! I had to wipe butter off my face， then off the table and floor．
Caleb made fun of me again， calling me a mess． I chased him away with a spoon and turned back to the mixing bowl． I started again with softer butter． Referring to the recipe， I poured everything needed into the bowl and mixed it． After that， I put round batter (面糊) onto the cookie sheet and put it into the oven． Within a minute， a fantastic smell filled the kitchen—the smell of cookie success!
I was going to prove that I was responsible． No more eye rolling from my brother． No more “You're too young” from my parents． I was grown up and in control．
I stared into the oven， and my heart sank． The neat， little balls had melted and overflowed to the edges of the cookie sheet． I pulled the pan out just as Caleb wandered back into the kitchen．
“What in the world？” He started to laugh． “Cookie soup？”
“You just be quiet，” I whispered， trying not to cry． “Just leave me alone．”
How's it going in there？” Dad called from the living room．
Caleb raised his eyebrows and bit his lip． I responded that everything was fine， pouring the melted batter into the bowl quickly．
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I picked up the directions， wondering what had gone wrong． ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
I brought a plate of cookies into the living room for my parents．﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想要自己做饼干，尽管以前从未尝试过烘焙，但想到朋友Emmie (埃米)已经自己烤了一年的纸杯蛋糕，她决心要证明自己能做到，但作者最终失败了。作者失败的原因是什么？在作者的努力下，她成功了吗？
写前导读
[精彩范文]
I picked up the directions， wondering what had gone wrong． It was then that I realized I had forgotten to add the flour! The batter had been too runny， causing the cookies to spread out． I quickly mixed in the flour and spooned the batter onto a new cookie sheet． This time， I watched carefully as they rose and browned in the oven． The sweet smell filled the kitchen， and my heart beat with excitement． I couldn’t wait to show my family what I had accomplished． Caleb sneaked in and raised his eyebrows， but this time， I just smiled confidently．
答案
I brought a plate of cookies into the living room for my parents． They looked surprised and delighted． “These are … yours？” Mom asked， taking a cautious bite． “They're … amazing！” She smiled， and Dad nodded in agreement． Caleb sat on the couch， a cookie in his hand， and his face betrayed a hint of pride． “I told you she could do it，” he said with a grin． I beamed， feeling a sense of accomplishment wash over me． I had proved myself， not just to my family but to myself． From that day on， no one doubted my baking skills again．
答案
精深阅读
(2024·江苏省南京市六校联合体学校高二下校联考)In the 1880s， long before she became her era's greatest female explorer， eight year old Harriet Chalmers traveled through the Sierra Nevada on horseback with her father． When she was 24， Chalmers married Franklin Pierce Adams， and they set off for Latin America， where they covered 40，000 miles on a horse， by boat and on foot． When they returned nearly three years later， she gave a lecture at National Geographic and started a 30 year career as a contributor．
Adams made it her mission to visit every country that was or had been a Spanish colony， and revisited the places where Christopher Columbus had stayed from Europe to the Americas． She traveled around Asia and attended Haile Selassie's Coronation (加冕礼) as the emperor of Ethiopia． During World War Ⅰ， she was the first female journalist allowed to photograph the French trenches (战壕)， where she stayed for months．
She wrote 21 articles detailing her experiences for National Geographic， more than any other woman published in the magazine‘s first half century． In those pieces， she criticized the injustices that she had observed． “Where were the blessings the Europeans claimed they brought to millions of Latin Americans I could hardly find them，” she wrote after a visit to Peru． “What have they not suffered under the control of the Europeans？”
Adams had no professional training as a geographer and had never been to college， but her color photo slides and adventurous travel style won her invitations to speak around the world， often from the organizations that had never invited a woman before． She was the third American woman asked to join the Royal Geographical Society in England． However， the New York based Explorers Club gave her and other outstanding female adventurers the cold shoulder．
“Men have always been so afraid that some mere women might get into their discussion that they don't even permit women in their clubhouses，” Adams once said， “Let alone allow them to attend any meetings for discussions that might be significantly helpful． ”
Several female explorers decided to form their own club． In 1925， the Society of Woman Geographers started with Adams as president， and she served until moving to France in 1933， where she died four years later at 61．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了女探险家和地理杂志撰稿人Harriet Chalmers Adams (哈丽特·查默斯·亚当斯)的生平。
篇章导读
1．What did Adams do during the first three years of her marriage
A．She traveled through the Sierra Nevada．
B．She explored Latin America with her husband．
C．She contributed regularly to National Geographic．
D．She learned horse riding under her husband's guidance．
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When she was 24 … a 30 year career as a contributor．”可知，她结婚的前三年和她丈夫一起去探索拉丁美洲。故选B。
答案
解析
2．What was Adams involved in during World War Ⅰ？
A．Taking photographs on the front line．
B．Traveling around European countries．
C．Fighting together with French soldiers．
D．Doing research on Christopher Columbus．
答案
解析
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We both thank him for being such an inspiration to us．(我们都感谢他对我们的激励。)”可推知，在Auti(奥绨)和Chris(克里斯)眼中，Pa’at是他们的榜样。故选C。
3．What was Adams' attitude to these Europeans in Paragraph 3
A．Positive． B．Carefree．
C．Grateful． D．Negative．
答案
解析
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在她的文章中，她批评了她所看到的不公平现象，并对欧洲人殖民侵略拉丁美洲感到不满，由此可推知，她对欧洲人持否定态度。故选D。
4．How did Explorers Club treat Adams
A．It refused her help coldly．
B．It paid no attention to her．
C．It invited her to join in their discussion．
D．It asked her to join the Royal Geographical Society．
答案
解析
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However， the New York based Explorers Club gave her and other outstanding female adventurers the cold shoulder．”可知，探索者俱乐部故意冷落她。短语give sb the cold shoulder意为“给某人冷脸，故意冷落某人”。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．________ n． 使命，任务；职责
2．________ v． 批评；批判；评论
3．______ v．& n． 声称，断言
4．royal adj．________________
5．__________ adj． 杰出的；优秀的
mission
criticize
claim
皇家的；盛大的
outstanding
(二)高频短语
6．__________ 动身去，出发去，启程去
7．give a lecture ____________
8．_________________ 在……控制下
9．________ 更不用说
10．_______________ 允许某人做某事
set off for
讲授；讲演
under the control of
let alone
allow sb to do sth
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．You owe it to yourself to get some ____________ (profession) help．
2．He is known for his ____________ (adventure) spirit and love of travel．
3．The new policy has ____________(significant) improved the quality of life in the area．
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．Photographer Peter is a regular contributor to National Geographic．______
5．The era of digitalization has brought about many changes in our lives．_____
6．The society must address the injustices faced by disadvantaged groups．
________
professional
adventurous
significantly
撰稿人
时代
不公平
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．Everywhere he went he was accompanied by a group of officials．_________
2．The latest employment figures will be announced tomorrow morning．_________
3．The only difference is that one model has a touchscreen， while the other has a traditional keyboard．______
attended
published
publish， attend， mere
mere
(六)长难句分析
Adams had no professional training as a geographer and had never been to college， but her color photo slides and adventurous travel style won her invitations to speak around the world， often from the organizations that had never invited a woman before．
句意：亚当斯没有接受过地理学方面的专业培训，也从未上过大学，但她色彩丰富的幻灯片以及冒险的旅行风格赢得了世界各地的演讲邀请，(演讲邀请)经常来自那些以前从未邀请过女性的组织。
分析：主干是______________________________________________________
____________________________________；第二个and连接两个并列的名词短语___________________和_____________________作______；that引导______从句，修饰organizations。
　　　　　　　　　Adams had no professional training and had never been to
College， but her … won her invitations
her color photo slides
adventurous travel style
主语
定语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．__________ (更不用说……) cooking a fancy meal， I can't even boil water without burning it．
2．___________________ (他不被允许) stay out late now．
(八)仿写句子
When they returned nearly three years later， she gave a lecture at National Geographic and started a 30 year career as a contributor． (时间状语从句)
仿写：当我住在那里的时候，我常常在星期天去公园。
_______________________________________________
Let alone
He is not allowed to
When I lived there， I used to go to the park on Sundays．

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