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英语　选择性必修·第四册［RJ］
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
一、构词法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
dis 表示否定；分离，分开；朝不同方向 dismiss， distinct， discipline， disadvantage， distance
de 分离；破坏；向下 declare， demonstrate， delight， decline， design
ment 名词词尾，表示状态，性质 appointment， overstatement， payment， agreement， management
ity 名词词尾，表示状态，性质 integrity， dignity， Christianity， adversity， ability
二、将表示“钱”的单词填到合适的句子中(wage/bonus/income/fare)
1．Tourism is critical to the area， for it is a major source of income．
2．According to the latest policy， children and senior citizens travel at half fare．
3．Working at the coal mine， he received his wage on Fridays．
4．At the end of year， you are to receive a Christmas bonus ranging from $50 to $100．
——Discover useful structures——
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．rumour n． 谣言；传闻
2．fare n． 车费；船费；飞机票价
3．weekly adj． 每周的　n． 周刊
4．chairwoman n． 女主席；女董事长；女委员长
5．gramme n． 克(重量单位)
6．flour n． 面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
7．venue n． 活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
8．salesman n． 售货员；推销员
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．presume vt．& vi． 假设；假定
2．calculate vt． 计算；核算；预测
三、熟词生义：写出熟义
alien 熟义：n． 外星人(生物)；外国人
生义：adj． 陌生的；外星的；外国的；不熟悉的；格格不入的
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
on a ．．． basis 根据；以……的方式(基准)
写出下列句子中的被动语态
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life．have been motivated—and demotivated
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world， it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots． is described; is concentrated
3．(2024·全国甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke． was impressed
4．(2024·浙江高考1月)Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat． was told; would be given
5．Now， the students is being shown how to use the new machine． is being shown
6．In the past few years， the friendship has been strengthened by both China and Russia． has been strengthened
7．WWF hopes that more and more wild animals will be protected in the future．will be protected
8．Victoria went to the bookstore on Sunday morning， only to be told that it was being decorated．to be told; was being decorated
探究一　热词
1．presume vt．& vi． 假设；假定；认为；擅自(教材P4)
presumption n． 假设；假定 presume (that) ．．． 假设……；假定……；认为…… presume to do sth 擅自做某事 presume on/upon 利用
①There is a general presumption that the doctor knows best．
一般人都以为医生最了解情况。
②I presume (that) they're not coming， since they haven't replied to the invitation．
我认为他们不会来了，因为他们还没有回复邀请。
③I wouldn't presume to tell you how to run your own business．
我不会擅自告诉你如何经营自己的企业。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The decision is based on the presumption (presume) that all information must be freely available．
②You should never presume on/upon a person's good nature．
【学会表达】翻译
③我认为你们所有人都有信仰。
I presume that all of you have faith．
2．calculate vt． 计算；核算；预测；认为；作打算(教材P4)
calculation n． 计算；估计；预测 calculator n． 计算器 be calculated to do 打算做，蓄意做 be calculated for 为适合……而设计；适合于…… calculate on 期待；指望 It is calculated that ．．． 据计算……
①He has calculated that it would take him two years to save up enough for a car．
他估计要花两年的时间才能攒够买一辆车的钱。
②By my calculation(s)，we made a profit of ￡20，000 last year．
据我计算，去年我们赚了2万英镑。
③His speech was calculated to stir up the crowd．
他的讲话有意鼓动群众。
④We're calculating on an early start．
我们期待早点出发。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Use these figures as an approximate guide in your calculations (calculate)．
②This advertisement is calculated to attract (attract) the attention of housewives．
③You can calculate on your family to support you．
【学会表达】翻译
④他们已估算出去年至少47，000人次失去了工作。
They have calculated that at least 47，000 jobs were lost last year．
3　alien
[熟义] n． 外星人(生物)；外国人 [生义] adj． 陌生的；外星的；外国的；不熟悉的；格格不入的
①The city was suddenly invaded by thousands of aliens， causing widespread panic．
这座城市突然被数千名外星人入侵，引起了广泛的恐慌。
②I soon realized in this alien environment that I was going to need help．
我很快意识到，在这个陌生的环境中，我需要帮助。
③The child felt alien in the new school because he was the only one who spoke a different language．
这个孩子在新学校里感到格格不入，因为他是唯一一个说不同语言的人。
【学会运用】同义词替换
①There was once a young man who came to an alien city to work after graduation．unfamiliar
【学会表达】翻译
②这个奇怪的生物看起来像是来自遥远星系的外星人。
The strange creature appeared to be an alien from a distant galaxy．
③作为一个刚来这座城市的人，他感觉自己仿佛身处一个陌生的地方，不确定该去哪里或该做什么。
As a newcomer to the city， he felt like he was in an alien place， unsure of where to go or what to do．
探究二　短语
4．on a ．．． basis 根据；以……的方式(基准)(教材P4)
basis n． 基础；要素；理由；根据 base vt． 以……为根据/基础；基于　n． 根基；底座；基础 basic adj． 最重要的；基本的；必需的　n． 基本要素；基本原则 on the basis of 根据，按照 base ．．． on ．．． 以……作为……的基础/依据 be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据
①The arrangement was welcomed by the owners， who will receive the rent money on a yearly basis．
这一安排受到了业主们的欢迎，他们将按年收取租金。
②He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners．
他根据被俘囚犯提供的证据得出结论。
③Three of the new products are based on traditional herbal medicines．
其中三种新产品是以传统草药为基础的。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Her views are based on/upon years of engagement with the problems of the inner city．
②We're going to keep announcing more changes like these on a regular basis．
【学会表达】翻译
③我们公司每个礼拜举行一次会议。
A meeting is held on a weekly basis in our company．
探究三　被动语态(复习)
被动语态：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
语法点1　构成
be＋动词的过去分词，口语中也用“get/become＋动词的过去分词”表示。常用时态的被动语态构成：
一般现在时＋被动语态 am/is/are＋动词的过去分词
一般过去时＋被动语态 was/were＋动词的过去分词
一般将来时＋被动语态 will be＋动词的过去分词
过去将来时＋被动语态 would be＋动词的过去分词
现在进行时＋被动语态 am/is/are being＋动词的过去分词
过去进行时＋被动语态 was/were being＋动词的过去分词
现在完成时＋被动语态 has/have been＋动词的过去分词
过去完成时＋被动语态 had been＋动词的过去分词
含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词
语法点2　用法
不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态(含有 by 的短语有时可以省略)。
(1)使用被动语态时应注意的问题
1)主动语态变为被动语态时，宾语成主语。在see， watch， hear， notice， listen to， look at， make， feel等动词(短语)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to；但变为被动语态后要带 to；这时不定式为主语补足语。
The boss made him work all day long．
→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)．
老板让他整天都工作。
2)主动语态变为被动语态时双宾语的变化。含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况：
把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原来位置。
把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前要加介词 to 或 for。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday．
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday．
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday．
我的朋友在我生日时送给我一本有趣的书。
3)动词短语变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。有些动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态，但动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉动词短语中的介词或副词。这类动词短语包括：look after， talk about， set up， put off， put up with， pay attention to， take care of等。
You should pay attention to your pronunciation and spelling．
→Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to．
你应该注意你的发音和拼写。
4)be going to， be to， be sure to， have to 等变为被动语态时，将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋动词的过去分词”。
We are going to repair this watch in two days．
→This watch is going to be repaired in two days．
我们打算在两天内修好这块手表。
(2)不能用被动语态的情况
1)所有的不及物动词(短语)。
2)表示状态的谓语动词，如last， hold， contain， fit， cost等。
3)表示归属的动词(短语)，如have， own， belong to等。
4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如wish， want， hope， like， love， hate等。
(3)常用主动形式表示被动含义的情况
1)当feel， look， smell， taste， sound等后面接形容词时。
The fish smells good．
这鱼闻起来味道不错。
2)当cut， read， sell， wear， write， wash等作为不及物动词，表示主语(通常为物)的内在“品质”或“性能”时。
This kind of cloth washes easily．
这种布料好洗。
3)当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。
The door won't lock．
这门无法锁上。
4)happen， occur， break out， take place， work out， come about等动词(短语)表示“发生、制定”等意思时。
How did the crazy situation come about
这种疯狂的局面是如何发生的？
5)want， require， need 后常接动名词，用主动形式表示被动含义。
All the old carpets need replacing．
所有的旧地毯都需要(被)更换。
(4)被动语态与系表结构的区别
此处的系表结构指“连系动词＋过去分词(作表语)”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。
①The book was sold by a certain bookstore． (被动语态)
这本书在一家特定的书店出售。
②We were surprised at the unexpected news． (系表结构)
听到这个意外的消息，我们感到惊讶。
(1)单句语法填空
①Over the past twenty years， great progress has been made (make) in China．
②If you break the traffic rules， you will be fined (fine)．
③What is being held (hold) in the new sports stadium now
④In the 1950s in the USA， most families had just one phone at home， and wireless phones hadn't been invented (not invent) yet．
(2)完成句子
①我姐姐得到了一个出国深造的好机会。
My sister was offered a good chance to go abroad for further education．
②如果你想更好地理解一本书，就必须读不止一遍。
A book must be read more than once if you want to understand it better．
③我很荣幸能被邀请在人工智能大会上发言。
I am honored to be invited to speak at the AI Conference．
④已经采取了一切可能的手段来防止空气污染，但天空仍然不晴朗。
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution， but the sky is still not clear．
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列词缀的含义及例词
1．dis →否定；分离→dismiss; distinct
2．de →分离；破坏→declare; decline
3． ment→状态，性质→appointment; management
4． ity→状态，性质→integrity; dignity
(二)选词填空
rumour， fare， chairwoman， alien， weekly
1．A suitable answer has already been put forward by the chairwoman．
2．Many movies have been made about aliens coming to the earth．
3．I set aside some time every week to do my weekly shopping．
4．There's a strange rumour going around at the moment about Peter．
5．During peak hours， taxi fares tend to be higher due to increased demand．
维度二　语法运用
(三)单句语法填空
1．Over 2，200 years ago， Chengdu was threatened (threaten) by frequent floods．
2．In recent years， much research has been conducted (conduct) on the wildlife protection．
3．The parts of a museum open to the public are called (call) galleries or rooms．
4．Is it possible that human workers will be replaced (replace) by robots in the near future
5．It is recommended that detailed eye examination (should) be done (do) every six months．
维度三　素养提升
(四)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．根据她的资历，她被选中做这份工作。
She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications．
2．在英国法律中，一个人在被证明有罪之前被假定为无罪。
In English law， a person is presumed innocent until proved guilty．
3．前面那条路现在正在被维修，所以我们必须走另外一条路。
Right now the road ahead is being repaired， so we have to take another way．
(五)翻译
1．据计算，地球到月球的距离大约是384，400公里。
It is calculated that the distance from Earth to the Moon is about 384，400 kilometers．
2．第一个机器人是由Joseph F． Engelberger于1959年发明的。
The first robot was invented in 1959 by Joseph F． Engelberger．
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·重庆市第七中学高二下月考)Whenever photographer Casey Ryan heads into the wilderness， he brings along his drone (无人机) to capture photographs from a bird's eye view． Having the __1__ device with him on a recent trip to the Cascades Mountain Range in Oregon saved his and another person's __2__．
Casey was __3__ through the Willamette National Forest when he __4__ a stranger whose vehicle was stuck． Casey __5__ to help get it out without hesitation． __6__， he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch while trying to help， leaving both people in __7__ with no cell phone service for miles around．
Casey immediately assessed the __8__ and recalled a movie he'd seen recently in which a character used a drone to lift his phone high enough to capture a __9__ in a similar situation， so he __10__ his device and got to work．
First， he attached his cell phone __11__ to his drone． Then， he typed a series of messages to his wife． He told her where he was located in the park， and then launched the drone into the air． Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh! All of Casey's texts were __13__．
Rescuers arrived and saved both Casey and the other driver． Who knows， maybe future drones will have built in __14__ features added to it __15__ this photographer's practice． We'd buy a phone drone!
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师Casey Ryan (凯西·瑞恩)在最近一次前往俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山脉的旅行中，利用随身携带的无人机，救了他和另一个人的生命。
1．A．preserving B．detecting
C．repairing D．flying
答案：D
解析：preserve 保护；detect 发现；repair 修理；fly 飞行；疾驰。根据上文“he brings along ．．． a bird's eye view”可知，无人机属于飞行装置。故选D。
2．A．lives B．photos
C．strength D．money
答案：A
解析：life 生命；photo 照片；strength 力量；money 钱。根据下文“Rescuers arrived ．．． the other driver．”可知，他随身携带的飞行装置救了他和另一个人的生命。故选A。
3．A．searching B．driving
C．wandering D．slipping
答案：B
解析：search 搜索；drive 开车；wander 徘徊；slip 滑倒。根据下文“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch while trying to help”可知，Casey开车穿过威拉米特国家森林。故选B。
4．A．rang up B．came across
C．got rid of D．kept track of
答案：B
解析：ring up 打电话；come across 偶遇；get rid of 摆脱；keep track of 跟踪；记录。根据下文“a stranger whose vehicle was stuck”可知，他遇到了一个陌生人。故选B。
5．A．managed B．pretended
C．volunteered D．denied
答案：C
解析：manage 设法做到；pretend 假装；volunteer 自愿做；deny 否认。根据下文“to help get it out without hesitation”可知，Casey毫不犹豫地自愿帮忙。故选C。
6．A．Unnaturally B．Generally
C．Unfortunately D．Gradually
答案：C
解析：unnaturally 不自然地；generally 普遍地；unfortunately 不幸地；gradually 逐渐地。根据上文内容和下文“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch”可知，上下文存在转折关系，此处表示不幸的是，他自己的车陷入了沟里。故选C。
7．A．peace B．trouble
C．charge D．silence
答案：B
解析：peace 和平；trouble 困境；charge 收费；silence 沉默。根据上文“a stranger whose vehicle was stuck”及“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch”可知，两人都陷入了困境。故选B。
8．A．standard B．damage
C．evidence D．situation
答案：D
解析：standard 标准；damage 损坏；evidence 证据；situation 情况。根据下文“a similar situation”可知，Casey立即对情况进行了评估。故选D。
9．A．bird B．picture
C．signal D．radiation
答案：C
解析：bird 鸟；picture 图片；signal 信号；radiation 辐射。根据下文“Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh！”可知，此处指使用无人机将手机举得足够高去捕获信号。故选C。
10．A．put aside B．gave away
C．pulled out D．broke up
答案：C
解析：put aside 暂时搁置；give away 泄露；pull out 拿出，拔出；break up 分解。根据下文“his device and got to work”可知，他拿出他的设备开始工作。故选C。
11．A．securely B．accidentally
C．freely D．dramatically
答案：A
解析：securely 牢固地，安全地；accidentally 偶然地；freely 自由地；dramatically 显著地。根据上文“he attached his cell phone”可知，为了防止手机掉落，Casey把手机牢固地绑在无人机上。故选A。
12．A．turned up B．came up
C．spoke up D．picked up
答案：D
解析：turn up 调高；出现；come up 走近；speak up 大声说； pick up 接收信号。根据上文“used a drone ．．． capture a__9__”和下文“All of Casey's texts were __13__．”可知，手机接收到了信号。故选D。
13．A．typed B．hidden
C．delayed D．sent
答案：D
解析：type 打字；hide 躲藏；delay 延期；send 发送。根据上文“Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh！”可知，手机接收到了信号，所以短信都发出去了。故选D。
14．A．emergency B．camera
C．lighting D．identity
答案：A
解析：emergency 紧急情况；camera 照相机；lighting 灯光；identity 身份。根据上文“leaving both people in __7__ with no cell phone service for miles around”可知，两人都陷入了困境，此处指未来的无人机可能会有内置的应急功能。故选A。
15．A．consistent with B．in case of
C．thanks to D．depending on
答案：C
解析：consistent with 与……一致；in case of 以防；thanks to 多亏，由于；depend on 依靠。根据下文“this photographer's practice”可知，由于这位摄影师的实践，未来的无人机可能会有内置的应急功能。故选C。
Ⅱ　七选五
(2024·广东省东莞市厚街中学高二下月考)If you think of the jobs robots could never do， you would probably put doctors and teachers at the top of the list． It's easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers， but some jobs need human connection and creativity． But are we underestimating (低估) what robots can do __1__ Also， some patients might feel more comfortable sharing personal information with a machine than a person． __2__
British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so． And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027． __3__ And teachers will be like assistants． Intelligent robots will read students' facial expressions， body movements and maybe even brain signals． Then they will adapt the information to each student． It's not a popular opinion and it's unlikely robots will ever have empathy (同感) and the ability to really connect with humans like another human can．
One thing is certain， though． __4__ In some parts of the world， there aren't enough teachers and 916 percent of children under the age of 14 don't go to school． That problem could be partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere．
Teachers all over the world are leaving because it is a difficult job and they feel overworked． Perhaps the question is not “Will robots replace teachers？” but “How can robots help teachers？” Office workers can use software to do things． __5__ If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports， teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best．
A．Teachers can be replaced by robots．
B．A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all．
C．Teachers waste a lot of time doing non teaching work．
D．He predicts robots will do the main job of transferring information．
E．Could there be a place for robots in education after all
F．Robots can save time that teachers spend in teaching in classroom．
G．In some cases， they already perform better than doctors at diagnosing (诊断) illness．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，虽然机器人可能无法像人类一样建立情感和连接，但它们可以在教育领域发挥重要的辅助作用。
1．答案：G
解析：根据前文“But are we underestimating (低估) what robots can do？”可知，此处提出疑问即我们是否低估了机器人的能力。设空处应该对此问题进行回答。G项(在某些情况下，它们在诊断疾病方面的表现已经超过了医生。)承接前文，回答前文提出的问题。故选G。
2．答案：E
解析：根据后文“British education expert ．．． of the classroom: 2027．”可知，Anthony Seldon (安东尼·塞尔登)认为机器人能够在教育中起到作用，甚至还为机器人接管教室定下了日期。E项(机器人究竟能在教育中占有一席之地吗？)引出后文。故选E。
3．答案：D
解析：根据后文“And teachers will be like assistants．(老师就像助手一样。)”可知，D项(他预测机器人将承担传递信息的主要工作。)引出后文，指出在未来机器人将承担传递信息的主要工作，而老师则像助手一样。故选D。
4．答案：B
解析：根据后文“In some parts of the world ．．． don't go to school．(在世界上的一些地方，没有足够的教师， 9%～16%的14岁以下儿童无法上学。)”可知，B项(机器人老师总比没有老师好。)引出后文，指出机器人老师能够解决世界上有些地区没有足够老师的问题。故选B。
5．答案：C
解析：根据后文“If robots could cut the time ．．． the parts of the job humans do best．”可知，机器人能够减少教师批改作业和写报告的时间，这样会给老师节省更多的时间和精力，由此可知，教师存在在非教学的工作中浪费时间的问题。C项(教师在非教学工作上浪费了很多时间。)引出后文。故选C。
Ⅲ　语法填空
(2024·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高二下月考)
Seeing Math on the Page
Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches． However， scientists wonder __1__ the beauty of math can be found in literary works． A UK mathematician Sarah Hart， who presents some interesting thoughts about “three” in her book， __2__ (argue) that the beauty of this number is indeed evident in many works of western literature and languages．
“Three” is the minimum number with __3__ a two dimensional shape can be defined． For example， three sticks can create __4__ triangle， a stable structure． Many common phrases are in three words， such as “ready， set， go”． Some nursery rhymes have a word __5__ (repeat) three times， such as “row， row， row your boat”． In stories， there are usually three main characters and for a series of __6__ (novel)， there are usually three books rather than four．
Why is it always the third son who behaves differently from his two older brothers， thus __7__ (win) the princess Hart explains that obviously we require two repetitions to get to know the pattern， so that the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us．
__8__ (similar)， another study by researchers at the University of Vermont also connected math and storytelling． They analyzed more than 1，300 fiction books and arranged for 10，000 words from the books to be rated by 50 participants on a happiness scale of 1 to 9． Then the ratings __9__ (categorize) into different graphs， which showed how the readers' emotions changed while reading． It turned out that each story fit perfectly into one of six basic graphs， a mathematical pattern．
“The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is something __10__ a tragedy，” Hart says． “The two fields are fundamentally linked”．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数学家Sarah Hart (莎拉·哈特)将数学和文学结合起来，在文学作品中发现数学之美。
1．答案：whether/if
解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句，此处表示科学家想要看看是否在文学作品中可以找到数学之美。从句不缺成分，设空处表示“是否”，应用whether或if。故填whether/if。
2．答案：argues
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文presents可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语为A UK mathematician Sarah Hart。故填argues。
3．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为number，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词with的宾语。故填which。
4．答案：a
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一个三角形，应用不定冠词，且triangle的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
5．答案：repeated
解析：考查非谓语动词。repeat与宾语a word之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填repeated。
6．答案：novels
解析：考查名词。短语a series of修饰复数名词，意为“一系列的……”。故填novels。
7．答案：winning
解析：考查非谓语动词。win与the third son之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填winning。
8．答案：Similarly
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词similarly作评注性状语，对整个句子进行评价，意为“同
样地”，位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Similarly。
9．答案：were categorized
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。categorize与主语ratings之间是被动关系，此处讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语是复数。故填were categorized。
10．答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意：“人们必须在数学和文学之间做出选择的想法在某种程度上是一种悲剧，”哈特说。“这两个领域从根本上是联系在一起的。”短语something of意为“在某种程度上；有点”。故填of。
　精深阅读
(2024·江苏省镇江市高二下期中)Scientists are embracing artificial intelligence (AI)—from developing “self driving” laboratories to replacing human participants in social science experiments with robots． Many disadvantages of AI systems have been discussed． In an article published in Nature， social scientists say that AI systems carry a further risk: that researchers perceive such tools as possessed of superhuman abilities when it comes to objectivity， productivity and understanding complex concepts．
Scientists planning to use AI “must evaluate these risks now”， write co authors Lisa Messeri and Molly Crockett． The article is a warning about what could be lost if scientists embrace AI systems without thoroughly considering such risks．
Messeri and Crockett examined around 100 papers and books， published mainly over the past five years． From these， they put together a picture of the ways in which scientists see AI systems as enhancing human capabilities．
In one “vision”， which they call AI as Oracle， researchers see AI tools as able to tirelessly read and digest scientific papers． In another vision， called AI as Arbiter， systems are perceived as evaluating scientific findings more objectively than do people． In a third vision， AI as Quant， AI tools seem to perform better than the human mind in analyzing data sets．
Messeri and Crockett also predict risks that arise from these visions． One is the illusion of explanatory depth， in which people relying on another person—or， in this case， an algorithm (算法)—for knowledge are likely to mistake that knowledge for their own． Another risk is that research becomes skewed (偏颇的) towards studying the kinds of things that AI systems can test．
If you're a scientist planning to use AI， you can reduce these dangers through a number of strategies． All members of the scientific community must view AI use not as unavoidable for any particular task， but rather as a choice with risks and benefits that must be carefully weighed．
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人工智能系统的风险，即研究人员在客观性、生产力和理解复杂概念方面将这些工具视为具有超人的能力。
1．What is a further risk that AI systems carry according to Paragraph 1
A．They perform better than humans．
B．Researchers overestimate their capabilities．
C．They are able to understand complex concepts．
D．Researchers use them in self driving laboratories．
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In an article ．．． understanding complex concepts．(发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇文章中，社会科学家们说，人工智能系统还带来了另一个风险：研究人员认为这些工具在客观性、生产力和理解复杂概念方面具有超人的能力。)”可知，人工智能系统带来的进一步风险是研究人员高估了它们的能力。故选B。
2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about AI
A．Its benefits in analyzing scientific data．
B．Its roles in helping doing scientific research．
C．Its strengths in digesting scientific papers．
D．Its advantages in evaluating scientific findings．
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，在三个“愿景”中，研究人员分别认为人工智能工具能够不知疲倦地阅读和消化科学论文，比人类更客观地评估科学发现和在分析数据集方面似乎比人类表现得更好。由此可知，第四段主要讲述了人工智能在帮助进行科学研究方面的作用。故选B。
3．What is the illusion of explanatory depth
A．Finding the accuracy in algorithm．
B．Denying the mistake of algorithm．
C．Accepting the complexity of algorithm．
D．Considering algorithmic insights as personal understanding．
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“One is the illusion ．．． for their own．”可知，解释深度的错觉是指依赖他人或算法获取知识的人很可能将这些知识误认为是自己的。由此可知，解释深度的错觉是指将算法的见解视为个人理解。故选D。
4．What's the author's attitude towards the use of AI in scientific community
A．Cautious． B．Approving．
C．Unclear． D．Intolerant．
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“All members of ．．． be carefully weighed．”可知，科学界的所有成员都必须将人工智能的使用视为一种选择，而不是任何特定任务不可避免的选择，必须仔细权衡其风险和益处。由此可推知，作者对于人工智能在科学界的应用持谨慎的态度。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．embrace v． 欣然接受，乐意采纳
2．productivity n． 生产力；生产率
3．capability n． 能力，才能
4．depth n． 深度，纵深
5．unavoidable adj． 不可避免的
(二)高频短语
6．arise from 产生于；起因于
7．rely on 依赖
8．in this case 在这种情况下
9．be likely to do sth 有可能做某事
10．a number of 许多；大量
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．You can enjoy all the benefits (benefit) and privileges of club membership．
2．Productivity (product) in the steel industry improved by five percent last year．
3．She ought to be thoroughly (thorough) ashamed of herself—talking to her mother like that!
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．This strategy could cause more problems than it solves．策略
5．He could no longer distinguish between illusion and reality．幻想
6．I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved．权衡，认真考虑
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
digest， perceive， reduce
1．I saw a change in his behaviour．perceived
2．Unemployment is rising again and retail buying has fallen off．reduced
3．He paused， waiting for her to understand the information．digest
(六)长难句分析
The article is a warning about what could be lost if scientists embrace AI systems without thoroughly considering such risks．
句意：这篇文章警告说，如果科学家在没有充分考虑这些风险的情况下接受人工智能系统，可能会失去什么。
分析：主干是The article is a warning about ．．．；what引导宾语从句；if引导条件状语从句；considering such risks为动名词短语作介词without的宾语。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．When the car was first built， the design was viewed as (被认为) highly original．
2．When it comes to speaking in public (说到公开发言)， no one can match him．
(八)仿写句子
Another risk is that research becomes skewed (偏颇的) towards studying the kinds of things that AI systems can test．(表语从句)
仿写：事实是他所有的财富都是靠工作挣来的。
The fact is that he earned all his wealth by working．
3(共91张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION
单元主题：人与自我——科学幻想与科学现实
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
dis 表示_____；_____，分开；朝不同方向 ______， distinct， discipline， disadvantage， distance
de _____；_____；向下 ________， demonstrate， delight， decline， design
ment 名词词尾，表示__________ _____________, overstatement， payment， agreement， management
ity 名词词尾，表示__________ __________， dignity， Christianity， adversity， ability
否定
一、构词法
分离
dismiss
分离
破坏
declare
状态，性质
appointment
状态，性质
integrity
二、将表示“钱”的单词填到合适的句子中(wage/bonus/income/fare)
1．Tourism is critical to the area， for it is a major source of _________．
2．According to the latest policy， children and senior citizens travel at half _____．
3．Working at the coal mine， he received his ______on Fridays．
4．At the end of year， you are to receive a Christmas _______ranging from $50 to $100．
income
fare
wage
bonus
WELCOME UNIT
——Discover useful structures——
预习检测 词汇打卡
自主学习 课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预习检测 词汇打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．rumour n．_______________
2．fare n．___________________________
3．weekly adj． _________　n．_______
4．chairwoman n．_______________________________
5．gramme n．_________________
6．flour n．________________________
7．venue n．__________________________
8．salesman n．_________________
谣言；传闻
车费；船费；飞机票价
每周的
周刊
女主席；女董事长；女委员长
克(重量单位)
面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
售货员；推销员
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．_________ vt．& vi． 假设；假定
2．_________ vt． 计算；核算；预测
三、熟词生义：写出熟义
alien 熟义：n．________________________
生义：adj． 陌生的；外星的；外国的；不熟悉的；格格不入的
四、核心短语：写出英语表达
____________根据；以……的方式(基准)
presume
calculate
外星人(生物)；外国人
on a … basis
自主学习　课时语法
写出下列句子中的被动语态
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life．_________________________________
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world， it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots．______________________________
3．(2024·全国甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke．______________
have been motivated—and demotivated
is described; is concentrated
was impressed
4．(2024·浙江高考1月)Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat．_______________________
5．Now， the students is being shown how to use the new machine．_________
_____________
6．In the past few years， the friendship has been strengthened by both China and Russia．______________________
7．WWF hopes that more and more wild animals will be protected in the future．____________________
8．Victoria went to the bookstore on Sunday morning， only to be told that it was being decorated．______________________________
was told; would be given
is being shown
has been strengthened
will be protected
to be told; was being decorated
合作探究 课时重点
探究一　热词
1．presume vt．& vi． 假设；假定；认为；擅自(教材P4)
presumption n． 假设；假定
presume (that) … 假设……；假定……；认为……
presume to do sth 擅自做某事
presume on/upon 利用
①There is a general presumption that the doctor knows best．
一般人都以为医生最了解情况。
②I presume (that) they're not coming， since they haven't replied to the invitation．
我认为他们不会来了，因为他们还没有回复邀请。
③I wouldn't presume to tell you how to run your own business．
我不会擅自告诉你如何经营自己的企业。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①The decision is based on the ___________(presume) that all information must be freely available．
②You should never presume __________a person's good nature．
【学会表达】翻译
③我认为你们所有人都有信仰。
________________________________
presumption
on/upon
I presume that all of you have faith．
2．calculate vt． 计算；核算；预测；认为；作打算(教材P4)
calculation n． 计算；估计；预测
calculator n． 计算器
be calculated to do 打算做，蓄意做
be calculated for 为适合……而设计；适合于……
calculate on 期待；指望
It is calculated that ．．． 据计算……
①He has calculated that it would take him two years to save up enough for a car．
他估计要花两年的时间才能攒够买一辆车的钱。
②By my calculation(s)，we made a profit of ￡20，000 last year．
据我计算，去年我们赚了2万英镑。
③His speech was calculated to stir up the crowd．
他的讲话有意鼓动群众。
④We're calculating on an early start．
我们期待早点出发。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Use these figures as an approximate guide in your ___________(calculate)．
②This advertisement is calculated _________(attract) the attention of housewives．
③You can calculate ____your family to support you．
【学会表达】翻译
④他们已估算出去年至少47，000人次失去了工作。
_______________________________________________________
calculations
to attract
on
They have calculated that at least 47，000 jobs were lost last year．
3　alien
[熟义] n． 外星人(生物)；外国人
[生义] adj．_____________________________________________
陌生的；外星的；外国的；不熟悉的；格格不入的
①The city was suddenly invaded by thousands of aliens， causing widespread panic．
这座城市突然被数千名外星人入侵，引起了广泛的恐慌。
②I soon realized in this alien environment that I was going to need help．
我很快意识到，在这个陌生的环境中，我需要帮助。
③The child felt alien in the new school because he was the only one who spoke a different language．
这个孩子在新学校里感到格格不入，因为他是唯一一个说不同语言的人。
【学会运用】同义词替换
①There was once a young man who came to an alien city to work after graduation．___________
【学会表达】翻译
②这个奇怪的生物看起来像是来自遥远星系的外星人。
_______________________________________________________
③作为一个刚来这座城市的人，他感觉自己仿佛身处一个陌生的地方，不确定该去哪里或该做什么。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
The strange creature appeared to be an alien from a distant galaxy．
unfamiliar
As a newcomer to the city， he felt like he was in an alien place， unsure of where to go or what to do．
探究二　短语
4．on a … basis 根据；以……的方式(基准)(教材P4)
basis n． 基础；要素；理由；根据
base vt． 以……为根据/基础；基于　n． 根基；底座；基础
basic adj． 最重要的；基本的；必需的　n． 基本要素；基本原则
on the basis of 根据，按照
base … on … 以……作为……的基础/依据
be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据
①The arrangement was welcomed by the owners， who will receive the rent money on a yearly basis．
这一安排受到了业主们的欢迎，他们将按年收取租金。
②He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners．
他根据被俘囚犯提供的证据得出结论。
③Three of the new products are based on traditional herbal medicines．
其中三种新产品是以传统草药为基础的。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Her views are based __________years of engagement with the problems of the inner city．
②We're going to keep announcing more changes like these ____a regular basis．
【学会表达】翻译
③我们公司每个礼拜举行一次会议。
______________________________________________
on/upon
on
A meeting is held on a weekly basis in our company．
探究三　被动语态(复习)
被动语态：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
语法点1　构成
be＋动词的过去分词，口语中也用“get/become＋动词的过去分词”表示。常用时态的被动语态构成：
一般现在时＋被动语态 am/is/are＋动词的过去分词
一般过去时＋被动语态 was/were＋动词的过去分词
一般将来时＋被动语态 will be＋动词的过去分词
过去将来时＋被动语态 would be＋动词的过去分词
现在进行时＋被动语态 am/is/are being＋动词的过去分词
过去进行时＋被动语态 was/were being＋动词的过去分词
现在完成时＋被动语态 has/have been＋动词的过去分词
过去完成时＋被动语态 had been＋动词的过去分词
含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词
不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态(含有 by 的短语有时可以省略)。
(1)使用被动语态时应注意的问题
1)主动语态变为被动语态时，宾语成主语。在see， watch， hear， notice， listen to， look at， make， feel等动词(短语)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to；但变为被动语态后要带 to；这时不定式为主语补足语。
The boss made him work all day long．
→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)．
老板让他整天都工作。
语法点2　用法
2)主动语态变为被动语态时双宾语的变化。含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况：
把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原来位置。
把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前要加介词 to 或 for。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday．
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday．
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday．
我的朋友在我生日时送给我一本有趣的书。
3)动词短语变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。有些动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态，但动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉动词短语中的介词或副词。这类动词短语包括：look after， talk about， set up， put off， put up with， pay attention to， take care of等。
You should pay attention to your pronunciation and spelling．
→Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to．
你应该注意你的发音和拼写。
4)be going to， be to， be sure to， have to 等变为被动语态时，将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋动词的过去分词”。
We are going to repair this watch in two days．
→This watch is going to be repaired in two days．
我们打算在两天内修好这块手表。
(2)不能用被动语态的情况
1)所有的不及物动词(短语)。
2)表示状态的谓语动词，如last， hold， contain， fit， cost等。
3)表示归属的动词(短语)，如have， own， belong to等。
4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如wish， want， hope， like， love， hate等。
(3)常用主动形式表示被动含义的情况
1)当feel， look， smell， taste， sound等后面接形容词时。
The fish smells good．
这鱼闻起来味道不错。
2)当cut， read， sell， wear， write， wash等作为不及物动词，表示主语(通常为物)的内在“品质”或“性能”时。
This kind of cloth washes easily．
这种布料好洗。
3)当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。
The door won't lock．
这门无法锁上。
4)happen， occur， break out， take place， work out， come about等动词(短语)表示“发生、制定”等意思时。
How did the crazy situation come about
这种疯狂的局面是如何发生的？
5)want， require， need 后常接动名词，用主动形式表示被动含义。
All the old carpets need replacing．
所有的旧地毯都需要(被)更换。
(4)被动语态与系表结构的区别
此处的系表结构指“连系动词＋过去分词(作表语)”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。
①The book was sold by a certain bookstore． (被动语态)
这本书在一家特定的书店出售。
②We were surprised at the unexpected news． (系表结构)
听到这个意外的消息，我们感到惊讶。
(1)单句语法填空
①Over the past twenty years， great progress _____________(make) in China．
②If you break the traffic rules， you _____________ (fine)．
③What ____________(hold) in the new sports stadium now
④In the 1950s in the USA， most families had just one phone at home， and wireless phones ___________________ (not invent) yet．
has been made
will be fined
is being held
hadn’t been invented
(2)完成句子
①我姐姐得到了一个出国深造的好机会。
____________________a good chance to go abroad for further education．
②如果你想更好地理解一本书，就必须读不止一遍。
_____________________more than once if you want to understand it better．
③我很荣幸能被邀请在人工智能大会上发言。
________________________to speak at the AI Conference．
④已经采取了一切可能的手段来防止空气污染，但天空仍然不晴朗。
________________________________to prevent the air pollution， but the sky is still not clear．
My sister was offered
A book must be read
I am honored to be invited
Every possible means has been used
对点练习 巩固所学
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列词缀的含义及例词
1．dis →_____________→________;_________
2．de →______________→_______;_______
3． ment→___________→____________;_______________
4． ity→_____________→________;__________
否定；分离
dismiss
分离；破坏
declare
状态，性质
appointment
状态，性质
integrity
distinct
decline
management
dignity
(二)选词填空
1．A suitable answer has already been put forward by the _____________．
2．Many movies have been made about _______coming to the earth．
3．I set aside some time every week to do my _________shopping．
4．There's a strange __________going around at the moment about Peter．
5．During peak hours， taxi ______tend to be higher due to increased demand．
chairwoman
rumour， fare， chairwoman， alien， weekly
aliens
weekly
rumour
fares
维度二　语法运用
(三)单句语法填空
1．Over 2，200 years ago， Chengdu _______________(threaten) by frequent floods．
2．In recent years， much research ____________________(conduct) on the wildlife protection．
3．The parts of a museum open to the public _________(call) galleries or rooms．
4．Is it possible that human workers _________________(replace) by robots in the near future
5．It is recommended that detailed eye examination _________________(do) every six months．
was threatened
has been conducted
are called
will be replaced
(should) be done
维度三　素养提升
(四)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．根据她的资历，她被选中做这份工作。
She was chosen for the job _______________her qualifications．
2．在英国法律中，一个人在被证明有罪之前被假定为无罪。
In English law， a person _____________________until proved guilty．
3．前面那条路现在正在被维修，所以我们必须走另外一条路。
Right now the road ahead _______________， so we have to take another way．
on the basis of
is presumed innocent
is being repaired
(五)翻译
1．据计算，地球到月球的距离大约是384，400公里。
_____________________________________________________________________
2．第一个机器人是由Joseph F． Engelberger于1959年发明的。
__________________________________________________________
It is calculated that the distance from Earth to the Moon is about 384，400 kilometers．
The first robot was invented in 1959 by Joseph F． Engelberger．
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·重庆市第七中学高二下月考)Whenever photographer Casey Ryan heads into the wilderness， he brings along his drone (无人机) to capture photographs from a bird's eye view． Having the __1__ device with him on a recent trip to the Cascades Mountain Range in Oregon saved his and another person's __2__．
Casey was __3__ through the Willamette National Forest when he __4__ a stranger whose vehicle was stuck． Casey __5__ to help get it out without hesitation． __6__， he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch while trying to help， leaving both people in __7__ with no cell phone service for miles around．
Casey immediately assessed the __8__ and recalled a movie he'd seen recently in which a character used a drone to lift his phone high enough to capture a __9__ in a similar situation， so he __10__ his device and got to work．
First， he attached his cell phone __11__ to his drone． Then， he typed a series of messages to his wife． He told her where he was located in the park， and then launched the drone into the air． Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh! All of Casey’s texts were __13__．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师Casey Ryan (凯西·瑞恩)在最近一次前往俄勒冈州喀斯喀特山脉的旅行中，利用随身携带的无人机，救了他和另一个人的生命。
Rescuers arrived and saved both Casey and the other driver． Who knows， maybe future drones will have built in __14__ features added to it __15__ this photographer's practice． We'd buy a phone drone!
1．A．preserving B．detecting
C．repairing D．flying
解析： preserve 保护；detect 发现；repair 修理；fly 飞行；疾驰。根据上文“he brings along … a bird's eye view”可知，无人机属于飞行装置。故选D。
2．A．lives B．photos
C．strength D．money
解析： life 生命；photo 照片；strength 力量；money 钱。根据下文“Rescuers arrived … the other driver．”可知，他随身携带的飞行装置救了他和另一个人的生命。故选A。
3．A．searching B．driving
C．wandering D．slipping
解析： search 搜索；drive 开车；wander 徘徊；slip 滑倒。根据下文“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch while trying to help”可知，Casey开车穿过威拉米特国家森林。故选B。
4．A．rang up B．came across
C．got rid of D．kept track of
解析： ring up 打电话；come across 偶遇；get rid of 摆脱；keep track of 跟踪；记录。根据下文“a stranger whose vehicle was stuck”可知，他遇到了一个陌生人。故选B。
5．A．managed B．pretended
C．volunteered D．denied
解析： manage 设法做到；pretend 假装；volunteer 自愿做；deny 否认。根据下文“to help get it out without hesitation”可知，Casey毫不犹豫地自愿帮忙。故选C。
6．A．Unnaturally B．Generally
C．Unfortunately D．Gradually
解析： unnaturally 不自然地；generally 普遍地；unfortunately 不幸地；gradually 逐渐地。根据上文内容和下文“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch”可知，上下文存在转折关系，此处表示不幸的是，他自己的车陷入了沟里。故选C。
7．A．peace B．trouble
C．charge D．silence
解析： peace 和平；trouble 困境；charge 收费；silence 沉默。根据上文“a stranger whose vehicle was stuck”及“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch”可知，两人都陷入了困境。故选B。
8．A．standard B．damage
C．evidence D．situation
解析： standard 标准；damage 损坏；evidence 证据；situation 情况。根据下文“a similar situation”可知，Casey立即对情况进行了评估。故选D。
9．A．bird B．picture
C．signal D．radiation
解析：bird 鸟；picture 图片；signal 信号；radiation 辐射。根据下文“Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh！”可知，此处指使用无人机将手机举得足够高去捕获信号。故选C。
10．A．put aside B．gave away
C．pulled out D．broke up
解析：put aside 暂时搁置；give away 泄露；pull out 拿出，拔出；break up 分解。根据下文“his device and got to work”可知，他拿出他的设备开始工作。故选C。
11．A．securely B．accidentally
C．freely D．dramatically
解析：securely 牢固地，安全地；accidentally 偶然地；freely 自由地；dramatically 显著地。根据上文“he attached his cell phone”可知，为了防止手机掉落，Casey把手机牢固地绑在无人机上。故选A。
12．A．turned up B．came up
C．spoke up D．picked up
解析：turn up 调高；出现；come up 走近；speak up 大声说； pick up 接收信号。根据上文“used a drone … capture a__9__”和下文“All of Casey’s texts were __13__．”可知，手机接收到了信号。故选D。
13．A．typed B．hidden
C．delayed D．sent
解析：type 打字；hide 躲藏；delay 延期；send 发送。根据上文“Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh！”可知，手机接收到了信号，所以短信都发出去了。故选D。
14．A．emergency B．camera
C．lighting D．identity
解析：emergency 紧急情况；camera 照相机；lighting 灯光；identity 身份。根据上文“leaving both people in __7__ with no cell phone service for miles around”可知，两人都陷入了困境，此处指未来的无人机可能会有内置的应急功能。故选A。
15．A．consistent with B．in case of
C．thanks to D．depending on
解析：consistent with 与……一致；in case of 以防；thanks to 多亏，由于；depend on 依靠。根据下文“this photographer's practice”可知，由于这位摄影师的实践，未来的无人机可能会有内置的应急功能。故选C。
Ⅱ　七选五
(2024·广东省东莞市厚街中学高二下月考)If you think of the jobs robots could never do， you would probably put doctors and teachers at the top of the list． It's easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers， but some jobs need human connection and creativity． But are we underestimating (低估) what robots can do __1__ Also， some patients might feel more comfortable sharing personal information with a machine than a person． __2__
British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so． And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027． __3__ And teachers will be like assistants． Intelligent robots will read students' facial expressions， body movements and maybe even brain signals． Then they will adapt the information to each student． It's not a popular opinion and it's unlikely robots will ever have empathy (同感) and the ability to really connect with humans like another human can．
One thing is certain， though． __4__ In some parts of the world， there aren’t enough teachers and 9 16 percent of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school． That problem could be partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere．
Teachers all over the world are leaving because it is a difficult job and they feel overworked． Perhaps the question is not “Will robots replace teachers？” but “How can robots help teachers？” Office workers can use software to do things． __5__ If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports， teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best．
A．Teachers can be replaced by robots．
B．A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all．
C．Teachers waste a lot of time doing non teaching work．
D．He predicts robots will do the main job of transferring information．
E．Could there be a place for robots in education after all
F．Robots can save time that teachers spend in teaching in classroom．
G．In some cases， they already perform better than doctors at diagnosing (诊断) illness．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，虽然机器人可能无法像人类一样建立情感和连接，但它们可以在教育领域发挥重要的辅助作用。
解析：根据前文“But are we underestimating (低估) what robots can do？”可知，此处提出疑问即我们是否低估了机器人的能力。设空处应该对此问题进行回答。G项(在某些情况下，它们在诊断疾病方面的表现已经超过了医生。)承接前文，回答前文提出的问题。故选G。
1．答案：G
解析：根据后文“British education expert … of the classroom: 2027．”可知，Anthony Seldon (安东尼·塞尔登)认为机器人能够在教育中起到作用，甚至还为机器人接管教室定下了日期。E项(机器人究竟能在教育中占有一席之地吗？)引出后文。故选E。
2．答案：E
解析：根据后文“And teachers will be like assistants．(老师就像助手一样。)”可知，D项(他预测机器人将承担传递信息的主要工作。)引出后文，指出在未来机器人将承担传递信息的主要工作，而老师则像助手一样。故选D。
3．答案：D
解析：根据后文“In some parts of the world ... don't go to school．(在世界上的一些地方，没有足够的教师， 9%～16%的14岁以下儿童无法上学。)”可知，B项(机器人老师总比没有老师好。)引出后文，指出机器人老师能够解决世界上有些地区没有足够老师的问题。故选B。
4．答案：B
解析：根据后文“If robots could cut the time ... the parts of the job humans do best．”可知，机器人能够减少教师批改作业和写报告的时间，这样会给老师节省更多的时间和精力，由此可知，教师存在在非教学的工作中浪费时间的问题。C项(教师在非教学工作上浪费了很多时间。)引出后文。故选C。
5．答案：C
Ⅲ　语法填空
(2024·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高二下月考)
Seeing Math on the Page
Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches． However， scientists wonder __1__ the beauty of math can be found in literary works． A UK mathematician Sarah Hart， who presents some interesting thoughts about “three” in her book， __2__ (argue) that the beauty of this number is indeed evident in many works of western literature and languages．
“Three” is the minimum number with __3__ a two dimensional shape can be defined． For example， three sticks can create __4__ triangle， a stable structure． Many common phrases are in three words， such as “ready， set， go”． Some nursery rhymes have a word __5__ (repeat) three times， such as “row， row， row your boat”． In stories， there are usually three main characters and for a series of __6__ (novel)， there are usually three books rather than four．
Why is it always the third son who behaves differently from his two older brothers， thus __7__ (win) the princess Hart explains that obviously we require two repetitions to get to know the pattern， so that the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us．
__8__ (similar)， another study by researchers at the University of Vermont also connected math and storytelling． They analyzed more than 1，300 fiction books and arranged for 10，000 words from the books to be rated by 50 participants on a happiness scale of 1 to 9． Then the ratings __9__ (categorize) into different graphs， which showed how the readers’ emotions changed while reading． It turned out that each story fit perfectly into one of six basic graphs， a mathematical pattern．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数学家Sarah Hart (莎拉·哈特)将数学和文学结合起来，在文学作品中发现数学之美。
“The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is something __10__ a tragedy，” Hart says． “The two fields are fundamentally linked”．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句，此处表示科学家想要看看是否在文学作品中可以找到数学之美。从句不缺成分，设空处表示“是否”，应用whether或if。故填whether/if。
1．答案：whether/if
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文presents可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语为A UK mathematician Sarah Hart。故填argues。
2．答案：argues
3．答案：which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为number，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词with的宾语。故填which。
解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一个三角形，应用不定冠词，且triangle的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
4．答案：a
5．答案：repeated
解析：考查非谓语动词。repeat与宾语a word之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填repeated。
解析：考查名词。短语a series of修饰复数名词，意为“一系列的……”。故填novels。
6．答案：novels
7．答案：winning
解析：考查非谓语动词。win与the third son之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填winning。
解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词similarly作评注性状语，对整个句子进行评价，意为“同样地”，位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Similarly。
8．答案：Similarly
9．答案：were categorized
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。categorize与主语ratings之间是被动关系，此处讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语是复数。故填were categorized。
解析：考查介词。句意：“人们必须在数学和文学之间做出选择的想法在某种程度上是一种悲剧，”哈特说。“这两个领域从根本上是联系在一起的。”短语something of意为“在某种程度上；有点”。故填of。
10．答案： of
(2024·江苏省镇江市高二下期中)Scientists are embracing artificial intelligence (AI)—from developing “self driving” laboratories to replacing human participants in social science experiments with robots． Many disadvantages of AI systems have been discussed． In an article published in Nature， social scientists say that AI systems carry a further risk: that researchers perceive such tools as possessed of superhuman abilities when it comes to objectivity， productivity and understanding complex concepts．
精深阅读
Scientists planning to use AI “must evaluate these risks now”， write co authors Lisa Messeri and Molly Crockett． The article is a warning about what could be lost if scientists embrace AI systems without thoroughly considering such risks．
Messeri and Crockett examined around 100 papers and books， published mainly over the past five years． From these， they put together a picture of the ways in which scientists see AI systems as enhancing human capabilities．
In one “vision”， which they call AI as Oracle， researchers see AI tools as able to tirelessly read and digest scientific papers． In another vision， called AI as Arbiter， systems are perceived as evaluating scientific findings more objectively than do people． In a third vision， AI as Quant， AI tools seem to perform better than the human mind in analyzing data sets．
Messeri and Crockett also predict risks that arise from these visions． One is the illusion of explanatory depth， in which people relying on another person—or， in this case， an algorithm (算法)—for knowledge are likely to mistake that knowledge for their own． Another risk is that research becomes skewed (偏颇的) towards studying the kinds of things that AI systems can test．
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人工智能系统的风险，即研究人员在客观性、生产力和理解复杂概念方面将这些工具视为具有超人的能力。
If you’re a scientist planning to use AI， you can reduce these dangers through a number of strategies． All members of the scientific community must view AI use not as unavoidable for any particular task， but rather as a choice with risks and benefits that must be carefully weighed．
1．What is a further risk that AI systems carry according to Paragraph 1
A．They perform better than humans．
B．Researchers overestimate their capabilities．
C．They are able to understand complex concepts．
D．Researchers use them in self driving laboratories．
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In an article ... understanding complex concepts．(发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇文章中，社会科学家们说，人工智能系统还带来了另一个风险：研究人员认为这些工具在客观性、生产力和理解复杂概念方面具有超人的能力。)”可知，人工智能系统带来的进一步风险是研究人员高估了它们的能力。故选B。
2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about AI
A．Its benefits in analyzing scientific data．
B．Its roles in helping doing scientific research．
C．Its strengths in digesting scientific papers．
D．Its advantages in evaluating scientific findings．
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，在三个“愿景”中，研究人员分别认为人工智能工具能够不知疲倦地阅读和消化科学论文，比人类更客观地评估科学发现和在分析数据集方面似乎比人类表现得更好。由此可知，第四段主要讲述了人工智能在帮助进行科学研究方面的作用。故选B。
3．What is the illusion of explanatory depth
A．Finding the accuracy in algorithm．
B．Denying the mistake of algorithm．
C．Accepting the complexity of algorithm．
D．Considering algorithmic insights as personal understanding．
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“One is the illusion ... for their own．”可知，解释深度的错觉是指依赖他人或算法获取知识的人很可能将这些知识误认为是自己的。由此可知，解释深度的错觉是指将算法的见解视为个人理解。故选D。
4．What's the author's attitude towards the use of AI in scientific community
A．Cautious． B．Approving．
C．Unclear． D．Intolerant．
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“All members of ... be carefully weighed．”可知，科学界的所有成员都必须将人工智能的使用视为一种选择，而不是任何特定任务不可避免的选择，必须仔细权衡其风险和益处。由此可推知，作者对于人工智能在科学界的应用持谨慎的态度。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．_________ v． 欣然接受，乐意采纳
2．productivity n．________________
3．capability n．________________
4．________ n． 深度，纵深
5．____________ adj． 不可避免的
embrace
生产力；生产率
能力，才能
depth
unavoidable
(二)高频短语
6．arise from ___________________
7．_________ 依赖
8．in this case___________________
9．_________________ 有可能做某事
10．___________ 许多；大量
产生于；起因于
rely on
在这种情况下
be likely to do sth
a number of
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．You can enjoy all the ________(benefit) and privileges of club membership．
2．___________ (product) in the steel industry improved by five percent last year．
3．She ought to be ___________(thorough) ashamed of herself—talking to her mother like that!
benefits
Productivity
thoroughly
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．This strategy could cause more problems than it solves．______
5．He could no longer distinguish between illusion and reality．_______
6．I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved．_______________
策略
幻想
权衡，认真考虑
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．I saw a change in his behaviour．__________
2．Unemployment is rising again and retail buying has fallen off．__________
3．He paused， waiting for her to understand the information．_________
perceived
digest， perceive， reduce
reduced
digest
(六)长难句分析
The article is a warning about what could be lost if scientists embrace AI systems without thoroughly considering such risks．
句意：这篇文章警告说，如果科学家在没有充分考虑这些风险的情况下接受人工智能系统，可能会失去什么。
分析：主干是______________________________；what引导______从句；if引导___________从句；considering such risks为动名词短语作介词without的________。
The article is a warning about ...
宾语
条件状语
宾语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．When the car was first built， the design _______________(被认为) highly original．
2．_____________________________ (说到公开发言)， no one can match him．
(八)仿写句子
Another risk is that research becomes skewed (偏颇的) towards studying the kinds of things that AI systems can test．(表语从句)
仿写：事实是他所有的财富都是靠工作挣来的。
_______________________________________________________
was viewed as
When it comes to speaking in public
The fact is that he earned all his wealth by working．

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