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英语　选择性必修·第四册［RJ］
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．tale n． 故事；叙述
2．merchant n． 商人；批发商　adj． 海上货运的
3．fleet n． 舰队；机群；车队
4．spice n． (调味)香料
5．maritime adj． 海的；海运的；海事的
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．negotiate vt． 商定；达成(协议)　vi． 谈判；磋商；协商
2．behold vt． 看；看见
3．league n． 等级；水平；联合会；联赛
4．withdraw vi．& vt． (使)撤回；撤离
5．channel n． 航道；海峡；频道
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．extend vt． 扩展；使伸长；延长→extension n． 延伸；延期；延长→extensive adj． 广阔的；广泛的→extensively adv． 广阔地；广泛地
2．royal adj． 皇家的；王室的；高贵的→royally adv． 庄严地；高贵地→royalty n． 王室；王室成员
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
bond 熟义：n． 纽带；关系
vt．& vi． 增强信任关系；使牢固结合
生义：n． 债券；公债
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．set sail 起航；开航
2．in a league of one's own 独领风骚
3．withdraw from 退出；撤回
4．in hand 在手头；可供使用
课文三维剖析
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
跨越海洋
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements． To complete the great map of the world1 was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations． Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east． However， merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did2． 1动词不定式短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 2时间状语从句，动词did代替前面的动词短语set sail
贸易和好奇心通常构成人类最伟大成就的基础。在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家寻找自西向东的海上航线。然而，在哥伦布首次启航之前许多年，东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。
In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what3 became known as the Silk Road． A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean， centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)． Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals4， which5 also led to more awareness of each other's cultures． Over the centuries， further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as6 recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century． 3引导宾语从句，此从句相当于the road which became known as the Silk Road 4动词不定式短语作目的状语 5引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句 6引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的主句所表达的内容
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。几个世纪间，随着贸易的发展，对中国以西地区的探索增多了，这些在八世纪杜环所著的《经行记》一书中有所记载。
Later， the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions． Between 1405 and 1433， seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration． These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time． Under the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， and7 then to the east coast of Africa． African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold， silk， and spices． Although8 China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries． 7连接两个介词短语to the mouth of the Red Sea和to the east coast of Africa，在句中作地点状语 8引导让步状语从句，可以和Though/While互换
后来，明朝进一步发展了与这些地区的关系。1405年至1433年间，七支大型船队西渡重洋，开展贸易和探索。这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下，船队从中国南海起航，穿越印度洋，直抵红海口，然后前往非洲东海岸。非洲王室赠送长颈鹿等礼物以示友好，同时也是作为他们获得黄金、丝绸和香料的回赠。尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
To reach out across the sea9 remains a strong desire today． The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He10 are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which11 is part of the Belt and Road Initiative． The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and12 trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world． Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come13． China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which14 will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and15 cultural exchange． 9动词不定式短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 10过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词routes 11引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road进行解释说明 12连接两个并列成分cooperation和trade，在句中作宾语 13动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词years 14引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句 15连接两个名词短语future trade和cultural exchange，在句中作介词of的宾语
今天，跨海越洋依旧是人们强烈的渴望。随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。近年来，贸易增长迅猛，未来几年也将继续增长。中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects． Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times， there are still many other places left to explore16． In recent years， China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic． From a scientific point of view， there is an urgent need to study the Arctic17 in order to understand climate change and its effects18． 16过去分词left和动词不定式to explore均为后置定语，修饰places 17动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词need 18在句中作目的状语
中国还与海洋彼岸的友邦一起参与了其他重要项目。尽管郑和的古代海上路线已经重走很多次了，但仍有许多其他地方有待探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一道开展了多次北极考察。从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand19， the need to trade and the desire to enhance20 relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea21 far into the future． 19 with的复合结构作状语 20两个动词不定式作后置定语，分别修饰前面的名词need和desire 21动词不定式短语作宾语补足语
数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
阅读领悟
(一)课文结构理解
(二)匹配故事主线
(D)1．Para．1 A．China will continue to explore the sea and enhance relationships with
other countries．
(F)2．Para．2 B．Zheng He's sea voyages built relations with other countries．
(B)3．Para．3 C．The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road has encouraged cooperation and strengthened the bonds between China and the rest of the world． (Today， the Belt and Road Initiative is picking up where Zheng He left off．)
(C)4．Para．4 D．Travel from east to west began long before Columbus．
(E)5．Para．5 E．China is also joining with other countries on other important projects．
(A)6．Para．6 　　　 F．In ancient times， travel east to west was on the Silk Road．
(三)问题链
1．Which countries or people reached out across the sea in the past and why
They were European explorers， China， India， Ceylon， African royal families and so on． They did so for trade．
2．What benefits and problems did those countries get from doing this
They got new products from many different countries and became more aware of other cultures． In some cases， this led to invasion and conquest．
3．What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world
The land and sea routes remained active channels between different cultures for centuries．
探究一　热词
1．negotiate vt． 商定；达成(协议)　vi． 谈判；磋商；协商(教材P26)
negotiation n． 谈判，磋商，协商 negotiate (with sb) about/for sth 就某事(和某人)谈判/协商 negotiate a deal/contract/settlement 达成交易/确立合同/商定解决措施 enter into/open/conduct negotiations with sb 和某人开始/展开/进行谈判 in negotiation with sb 与某人协商中 under negotiation 在协商中 business/contract/trade negotiation商务/合同/贸易谈判
①He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase， only to resign from his job soon after he'd received it．
他花了很长时间谈判加薪，结果在加薪后不久就辞职了。
②With a bit of fancy footwork， she managed to negotiate a good deal．
她用了些高超的手腕，谈成了一笔买卖。
③The issue is still under negotiation．
这个问题还在商讨之中。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①They did a deal on sugar after a week of negotiation (negotiate)．
②A contract is prepared in negotiation with our clients．
【学会表达】完成句子
③协议的具体细节仍在协商中。
The exact details of the agreement are still under negotiation．
2．withdraw vi．& vt． (使)撤回；撤离；取钱(教材P26)
withdrawal n． 撤走；收回；取回；取钱；退出 withdraw from 退出；撤回 withdraw to 移除；撤退到 withdraw into 退缩；退却 withdraw into oneself 离群索居 withdraw money/cash/troops 取钱/取现/撤军
①The commander in chief was given 36 hours to secure a withdrawal of his troops from the combat zone．
总司令有36个小时的时间确保他的部队撤出战区。
②Therefore， all electric buses have been forced to withdraw from operation， seriously affecting services．
因此，所有电动公交车都被迫退出运营，严重影响了服务。
③We withdrew to the garden for a private talk．
我们退到花园里私下谈话。
④Many depressed people just withdraw into themselves．
许多抑郁的人只是把自己封闭起来。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She is very shy and always looks for a chance to withdraw into herself．
②He replied that the UN had passed two major resolutions calling for a complete withdrawal (withdraw)．
③After the Western Jin was vanquished， the Han government withdrew to the east of the Yangtze River．
【学会表达】翻译
④他因受伤而被迫退出比赛。
He was forced to withdraw from the competition because of injury．
3．extend vt． 扩展；使伸长；延长→extension n． 延伸；延期；延长→extensive adj． 广阔的；广泛的→extensively adv． 广阔地；广泛地
The extensive use of technology in our daily lives has led to a significant extension of our knowledge base， which has been explored extensively through online resources．
技术在我们日常生活中的广泛应用极大地扩展了我们的知识库，这些知识通过在线资源得到了广泛的探索。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He's been granted an extension (extend) of the contract for another year．
②All these issues have been extensively (extensive) researched in recent years．
【学会表达】完成句子
③宫殿及其庭院建成时比城市本身还要广阔。
When built， the palace and its grounds were more extensive than the city itself．
4　bond
[熟义] n． 纽带；关系　vt．& vi． 增强信任关系；使牢固结合 [生义] n． 债券；公债
①Family traditions and shared experiences serve as strong bonds that connect generations within a family．
家庭传统和共同经历是连接家族几代人的强大纽带。
②The team building activities helped to bond the members of the group， enhancing their trust and collaboration．
团建活动有助于加强小组成员之间的联系，增强他们的信任和协作。
③The government issued a new series of bonds to finance infrastructure projects， attracting investors seeking stable returns．
政府发行了一系列新公债来为基础设施项目融资，吸引了寻求稳定回报的投资者。
【学会运用】同义词替换
①Let's bond our efforts and our hearts in order to achieve our common goal． unite
【学会表达】翻译
②该公司发行了高收益债券以筹集资金用于其扩张计划。
The company issued high yield bonds to raise capital for its expansion plans．
③旅行中的共同经历让朋友们建立了深厚的友谊。
Their shared experiences during the trip created a strong bond between the friends．
探究二　短语
5．set sail 起航；开航(教材P26)
set其他相关短语： set sail from/for ．．． 自……起航/起航去…… set free 释放；使获得自由 set in 开始；到来 set off 出发；引发 set out (to do) 出发；开始(做) set up 建立；开业 set about (doing) 开始(做)；着手(做) set apart 使分离 set aside 留出；搁置 set back 阻碍；推迟 set down 写下；记下
①Fishing boats set sail from Shipu Port in Xiangshan County， Ningbo， at the end of a fishing moratorium．
休渔期结束时，渔船从宁波象山县石浦港起航。
②After years of unjust imprisonment， the innocent man was finally set free and reunited with his family．
经过多年的不公正监禁，这位无辜的男子终于重获自由，并与家人团聚。
③Once this environment is set up， all that's left is to wait for the stray cat to appear．
一旦建立了这个环境，剩下的就是等待流浪猫的出现。
④How do senior managers set about making these decisions
高级管理人员如何着手作出这些决定？
⑤The government pledged that it will set aside a special fund．
政府保证将拨出一笔特殊基金。
⑥Old Walter is setting down his memories of village life．
老沃尔特正在写他的乡村生活的回忆录。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It set off a chain reaction in the international money markets．
②He set out to find the truth behind the mystery．
③Fighting dogs need to be set apart in the correct way．
④The spring sowing time has set in．
【学会表达】翻译
⑤由于天气恶劣，建筑计划延误了好几个星期。
The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks．
⑥第二天早上，他们的船队从南京起航了。
The next morning， their fleet set sail from Nanjing．
6．in hand 在手头；可供使用；在掌握中(教材P27)
hand其他相关短语： at hand 在手边，在附近；即将来临 by hand 用手 give/lend sb a hand 帮某人一把 on hand 在手边(随时可用) on the one/other hand 一方面/另一方面 hand in hand 手拉手；联合 green hand 生手；没有经验的人 hand over 移交；交出；让与 hand out 分发；散发 hand in 提交
①He collected some orange juice from the refrigerator and， glass in hand， strolled to the kitchen window．
他从冰箱里取了一些橙汁，然后手拿玻璃杯，溜达到厨房的窗边。(动作描写)
②Can you give me a hand to lift this
你能帮我把这个抬起来吗？
③There are experts on hand to give you all the help and advice you need．
有现成的专家随时为你提供所需的一切帮助和建议。
④I saw them making their way， hand in hand， down the path．
我看到他们手牵着手沿着小路走去。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand．
②Please hand out the reading materials to the students．
③She always had a great deal of work in hand， but no one ever heard her complain．
【学会表达】完成句子
④一方面我羡慕他的才华，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。
On the one hand， I admire his gifts， but on the other hand， I distrust his judgment．
探究三　长难句分析
7．Over the centuries， further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century．(教材P26) 几个世纪间，随着贸易的发展，对中国以西地区的探索增多了，这些在八世纪杜环所著的《经行记》一书中有所记载。
【分析】　as在此处为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句的内容。 which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同： 相同点：两者都可指代主句中的部分或整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。 不同点 ①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后； ②which后的be动词不可省略；而as后的be动词可以省略； ③which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，可用各类动词作谓语；而as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be， seem， become等，一般不用其他行为动词； ④指代主句中某一个单词时，只能用which，不能用as； ⑤“介词＋关系代词”中关系代词只能用which； ⑥从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which； ⑦关系代词指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词时，常用which。
①David， as you know， has not been well lately．
你知道，大卫最近身体不太好。
②He started the car， which hummed smoothly．
他发动了汽车，汽车平稳地发出嗡嗡声。
③She took it in the spirit in which it was intended．
她根据其精神实质来认识此事。
　as常意为“正如”，常用的结构有as we know (众所周知); as is often the case (情况常常如此); as be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/reported (正如所宣布/预期/了解到/想象/提到/报道的)等。这些结构常放于句首，偶尔也可以放于句中或句末。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Mike sold the old house， which made his father very angry．
②As is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth．
③Air is a mixture of gases， of which oxygen forms 21 percent．
【学会表达】完成句子
④正如经常发生的那样，史蒂文森由于上学迟到被惩罚了。
Stevenson was punished for his being late for school， as often happens．
⑤这个男孩告诉他的父母，他被清华大学录取了，这是一个谎言。
The boy told his parent he had been admitted into Tsinghua University， which was a lie．
8．The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative．(教材P26) 随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
【分析】　are being revisited 是现在进行时的被动语态，表示“一个正在进行的被动动作”。 现在进行时的被动语态： 表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，常与look， listen等动词及now， at present等时间状语连用 表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动动作在此时此刻不一定正在发生 表示按计划、安排将要发生的被动动作(仅限于少数及物动词) 与情态动词连用，表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测
①The IT department is being hived off into a new company．
信息技术部正被分离出来，成立新公司。
②The foundations of the house are being laid today．
今天正在给房子打地基。
③Hundreds of invitations are being sent out this week．
本周数百张请帖正在发出。
④The book is being translated into French by a team of experts．
这本书正在被一组专家翻译成法语。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①At present， 7 patients are being treated (treat)， in isolation， at hospitals in the area．
②The building is being built (build); I can't stand its noise．
③The old man may be being watched (watch) over by a volunteer at the very moment．
【学会表达】完成句子
④你现在不允许进入会议室，因为那里正在制订一个秘密计划。
You are not allowed to go into the meeting room now because a secret plan is being made there．
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列单词和短语的英文
1．royal adj． 皇家的；王室的；高贵的
2．behold vt． 看；看见
3．tale n． 故事；叙述
4．league n． 等级；水平；联合会；联赛
5．extend vt． 扩展；使伸长；延长
6．in hand 在手头；可供使用
7．in a league of one's own 独领风骚
8．withdraw from 退出；撤回
9．for the benefit of 为了……的利益
10．set sail 起航；开航
(二)写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义
1．With its own fleet of trucks， the company delivers most orders overnight． 车队
2．The spice imparts an Eastern flavour to the dish． 香料
3．I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV． 频道
4．There's been a big reduction in the size of the merchant fleet in recent years． 海上货运的
5．There has been a close bond between them ever since she saved him from drowning． 关系
维度二　语境运用
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．Eleven million bottles of water had to be withdrawn from sale due to a health scare．
2．The gala evening was attended by royalty (royal) and politicians．
3．They begin another round of negotiations (negotiate) today．
4．We are thinking of having an extension (extend) built， as we now require an extra bedroom．
5．He didn't know the fact that the air is difficult to breathe (breathe) at high altitudes．
(四)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分
remain， route， withdraw， behold， invest
1．The scenic pathway through the mountains offers breathtaking views of the valley below．route
2．Upon observing the ancient ruins， the archaeologists were amazed by their intricate details．beholding
3．Despite the rain， the children stayed outside playing， enjoying the puddles and mud．remained
4．The politician retracted his earlier statement， apologizing for any misunderstandings it may have caused．withdrew
5．The government has funded several research projects aimed at finding a cure for the disease．invested
维度三　能力提升
(五)长难句分析
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby．
句意：这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。
分析：句子主干是This makes sense，是“主谓”结构。because引导原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰限定先行词people；现在分词短语recording their encounters with species作后置定语，修饰名词短语citizen scientists。
(六)句型转换
1．It is my dream to travel the world and experience different cultures．(改为动词不定式短语作表语)
→My dream is to travel the world and experience different cultures．
2．We expected the team would win the game， and so they did with a convincing victory．(改为as引导的非限制性定语从句)
→As we expected， the team won the game with a convincing victory．
维度四　素养提升
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．The Olympic organizers say that matters are well in hand (尽在掌握中)．
2．The prime minister set up a charity to reach out to (建立一个慈善机构来帮助) thousands of homeless people on the streets．
3．After the College Entrance Examination， we will bid farewell to each other and set sail for an unknown future (起航前往一个未知的未来)．
(八)翻译
1．一支乱扔的烟被指为引起这场火灾的罪魁祸首。(现在进行时的被动语态)
A dropped cigarette is being blamed for the fire．
2．这些古老的地图激发了探险家们去丛林深处寻找传说中的失落之城。(动词不定式短语作宾语补足语)
The ancient maps inspired explorers to search for the legendary lost city in the heart of the jungle．
课后课时作业(一)
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比70%) 　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·广东省中山市博文学校高二下月考)I'm standing on Rio's beach， one of the most famous __1__ of sand． In this lively， multicultural country， the beach is not just a place; it's a state of mind—a way of thinking and living．
Every Brazilian has his or her own ideas of the perfect beach， __2__ to tell you where to find it． I'm happy to take their advice but my ultimate goal is to find my own dream beach． First， I go to Prainha's beach __3__ by a row of perfect palm trees， moving softly in the ocean breeze． Its beauty is magnificent—its perfect graceful lines are like something in a __4__． But for me， it's somewhat too perfect． I am searching for something a bit __5__．
I continue my search heading north to a legendary beach: Jeri． As an international destination， it attracts visitors from Tokyo to Toronto． Luckily， Jeri hasn't been __6__ by tourists mostly because of its isolated (偏远的) location—at least five hours from any airport． I take a beach buggy (沙地车)， driving for three hours． The boats lie on their sides while nets __7__ to dry on lines between fishermen's houses． Peaceful and beautiful! How can it possibly get any better I __8__．
My final stop is the islands of Fernando， __9__ a few hundred kilometers out in the Atlantic． They once were used as a prison and later by the army． Today， they are a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site， __10__ with birds and sea life． The beach there is a perfect __11__ of sand， sea， and sky． The water is pale blue and warm， alive with colorful fish， __12__， and other marine life; the sand is the color of __13__． In the rocks and strong winds that __14__ come in from the Atlantic， there is the wilderness I was seeking． Finally， I've found the beach of my dreams． I __15__ my toes into the sand deeply and imagine I can hold on to this place forever．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者探寻心目中最完美的海滩的历程。
1．A．stretches B．piles
C．beds D．castles
答案：A
解析：根据前文“on Rio's beach”可知，此处表示这是最著名的一片沙滩之一。stretch意为“一片，一段”。故选A。
2．A．unwilling B．ambitious
C．eager D．shy
答案：C
解析：unwilling不愿意的；ambitious有雄心壮志的；eager渴望的；shy 害羞的。根据前文“Every Brazilian has his or her own ideas of the perfect beach”以及后文“I'm happy to take their advice”可知，每个巴西人对于完美的海滩都有自己的想法，作者接受了他们的建议，说明每个巴西人都渴望告诉你在哪里可以找到完美的海滩。故选C。
3．A．measured B．mixed
C．wrapped D．lined
答案：D
解析：measure测量；mix混合；wrap包裹；line 排列。根据后文“by a row of perfect palm trees”可知，一排排完美的棕榈树排列在普赖尼亚沙滩上。故选D。
4．A．postcard B．ship
C．mirror D．shell
答案：A
解析：根据前文“its perfect graceful lines”可知，它完美优雅的线条就像明信片上的图片。故选A。
5．A．tender B．wild
C．appealing D．familiar
答案：B
解析：tender 温柔的；wild 天然的；野生的；appealing 吸引人的；familiar 熟悉的。根据前文“too perfect”以及后文“In the rocks ．．． I was seeking．”可知，普赖尼亚的海滩对于作者来说太过于完美，所以作者希望寻找一些天然的海滩。故选B。
6．A．visited B．discovered
C．damaged D．accepted
答案：C
解析：visit参观；discover发现；damage损坏；accept接受。根据后文“because of its isolated (偏远的) location”可知，由于杰里海滩位置偏僻，所以并没有受到游客的破坏。故选C。
7．A．turn up B．fall off
C．break down D．hang out
答案：D
解析：turn up 出现；fall off掉落；break down出现故障；hang out晾晒；闲逛。根据后文“to dry on lines between fishermen's houses”可知，渔网挂在渔民房子之间的绳子上晾晒。故选D。
8．A．stop B．worry
C．complain D．wonder
答案：D
解析：stop 停止；worry担心；complain抱怨；wonder想知道。根据前文“How can it possibly get any better？”可知，作者思索着，当前沙滩上的景象已经是最好的了，还能够怎样变得更好呢？故选D。
9．A．wandering B．lying
C．disappearing D．floating
答案：B
解析：wander徘徊；lie位于；disappear消失；float漂浮。根据后文“a few hundred kilometers out in the Atlantic”可知，该岛位于几百公里外的大西洋上。故选B。
10．A．rich B．dangerous
C．meaningful D．bored
答案：A
解析：根据后文“with birds and sea life”可知，该处有丰富的鸟类和海洋生物。故选A。
11．A．relation B．balance
C．exchange D．field
答案：B
解析：relation 关系；balance平衡；exchange交换；field 田地；领域。根据后文“The water ．．． the color of __13__．”可知，那里的海滩是沙滩、大海和天空的完美的平衡。故选B。
12．A．monkeys B．turtles
C．sharks D．pearls
答案：B
解析：根据后文“and other marine life”可知，此处表示有海龟以及其他海洋生物。故选B。
13．A．sky B．water
C．honey D．diamond
答案：C
解析：根据前文“the sand is the color”以及常识可知，沙子是蜂蜜的颜色。故选C。
14．A．eventually B．surprisingly
C．occasionally D．curiously
答案：C
解析：eventually最终；surprisingly令人惊讶地；occasionally偶尔；curiously好奇地。根据前文“strong winds”和后文“come in from the Atlantic”可知，此处指从大西洋偶尔吹来强风。故选C。
15．A．dig B．warm
C．trap D．hurt
答案：A
解析：dig挖掘；warm使温暖；trap卡住；hurt伤害。根据后文“my toes into the sand deeply”可知，作者把脚趾深深地插在沙子里。dig ．．． into ．．． 意为“把……插入……中”。故选A。
Ⅱ　阅读
(2024·江西省赣州市高二下期中)“Earth” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun． After all， if an alien examines it through a telescope， he would note that two thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all， but by oceans of water．
However， most of the oceans on Earth remain unexplored． For example， photographers are fond of pointing out that scientists have mapped nearly all the oceans' surface， but less than a quarter of the seabed． Biologists think the oceans might host more than 2 million species of animals， of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth．
A new project may change this． Launched in London on April 27th， 2023， Ocean Census aims to discover 100，000 new species of ocean animals over the coming decade． Its first ship， Kronprins Haakon， set sail on April 29 for the Barents Sea．
The project is launched for two reasons． One is that the longer scientists wait， the less there will be to study． “Top on our agenda are species thought to be in the greatest danger from climate change，” says Oliver Steeds， founder of the project． “Otherwise， the forest is burning down and we won't know what was there before it is lost．”
The second reason is technological． Biologists find about 2，000 new species a year， a rate hardly changed since Darwin's day． Ocean Census is betting that it can go faster． Fancy cameras on remote operated vehicles， for instance， allow scientists to scan deep sea creatures such as jellyfish without removing them from their habitat． Just as the huge pressures of the deep sea are deadly for humans， taking such a jellyfish to the surface for examination may reduce it to gooey slime (黏液)．
Exactly what the new effort might turn up， of course， is impossible to predict． But history suggests it will be fruitful． Half a century ago， scientists discovered hot seabeds that were home to organisms living happily in conditions that， until then， had been thought harmful to life． These days， such hot seabeds are thought to be one possible candidate for the origin of all life on Earth．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正在实施的海洋研究项目“海洋普查”的必要性及有利条件。
1．What phenomenon is described in the second paragraph
A．The oceans are home to most of the animals．
B．The oceans have not been studied in depth．
C．Scientists enjoy photographing the oceans．
D．“Earth” is not a proper name for our planet．
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“but less than a quarter of the seabed”和“of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth”可知，科学家们对海洋的研究还很浅显。故选B。
2．What does Oliver Steeds most probably mean
A．More efforts from scientists are necessary．
B．Animals in the forest should be rescued， too．
C．Climate change is endangering the forest．
D．The project should start with threatened species．
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中Oliver Steeds (奥利弗·斯蒂兹)所说的话“Top on our agenda ．．． from climate change”可知，Oliver Steeds认为受到气候变化威胁最大的物种应作为该项目的首要任务，由此可推知，他想表达的是这个项目应该从濒危物种开始。故选D。
3．What can we learn from the jellyfish example in Paragraph 5
A．It is mature to study the oceans now．
B．Scientists should slow down their studies．
C．It is harmful to study deep sea animals．
D．Researchers want more advanced equipment．
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Fancy cameras on remote operated vehicles ．．． from their habitat．”可知，通过远程操作的交通工具上的高级摄像机扫描就能够对水母等深海动物进行研究，而无需将它们从栖息地移走。由此可推知，水母的例子表明，现在海洋研究的技术已经比较成熟。故选A。
4．What does the author think of Ocean Census
A．Dangerous． B．Creative．
C．Promising． D．Unnecessary．
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Exactly what the new effort ．．． it will be fruitful．”可知，作者认为这个项目会带来积极的成果，由此可推知，作者认为它是有前景的。故选C。
Ⅲ　语法填空
(2024·安徽省马鞍山中加双语学校高二下第二次月考)Emerging evidence in humans suggests a __1__ (typical) Western high fat， high sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken your brain's appetite control．
After offering volunteers a week long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles， milkshakes and similarly rich foods， researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored worse on memory tests and experienced a __2__ (great) desire to eat junk food， even when they were already full．
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)—a region of the brain __3__ supports memory and helps to regulate appetite． When we are full， the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food， thereby __4__ (reduce) our appetite． When it's interrupted， __5__ control can be seriously damaged． Over the years， extensive research on __6__ (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to junk food， but recently this has been observed only in young and healthy humans．
In 2017， after a week of Western style breakfasts of __7__ (toast) sandwiches and milkshakes， researchers found participants performed worse on learning and memory tests which are typically dependent __8__ the hippocampus．
Now， in this latest study the scientists of the team __9__ (find) that not only do such high fat， high sugar diets impair memory in humans， but they appear to directly affect our ability __10__ (control) our appetite．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人们新发现的证据显示典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品饮食会迅速削弱大脑的食欲控制。
1．答案：typically
解析：考查词性转换。Western是形容词，应用副词typically修饰。故填typically。
2．答案：greater
解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：澳大利亚的研究人员为志愿者提供了为期一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的油腻食物后发现，年轻健康的志愿者在记忆测试中得分更差，即使已经吃饱了，他们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。根据句意及前文的worse可知，此处应用great的比较级。故填greater。
3．答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the hippocampus，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
4．答案：reducing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们吃饱时，海马体被认为可以减少我们对美食的记忆，从而降低我们的食欲。reduce与前文中所述情况为主动关系，设空处应用现在分词作结果状语。故填reducing。
5．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。根据上文可知，control是第二次提及，应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
6．答案：mice
解析：考查名词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。mouse为可数名词，前无限定词修饰，设空处应用名词复数。故填mice。
7．答案：toasted
解析：考查非谓语动词。toast与sandwiches之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填toasted。
8．答案：on/upon
解析：考查介词。固定短语be dependent on/upon意为“依靠，依赖”。故填on/upon。
9．答案：have found
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示这项研究从过去到现在一直没有中断，而且有发现，对现在产生了影响，应用现在完成时。主语the scientists of the team表示复数概念，谓语动词应用复数。故填have found。
10．答案：to control
解析：考查非谓语动词。the ability to do sth意为“做某事的能力”。故填to control。
　精深阅读
(2024·广西桂林高二下期末)Humpback whales are well known for their fascinating culture: These mysterious animals migrate thousands of miles every year， sing charming songs， leap from the water in an enormous breach， and collaborate while hunting—creating bubble nets that trap their prey． Now， researchers have shed light on another aspect of whale behavior: Playing with kelp (巨藻) they find floating in the ocean—moving it between their fins， rolling around with it， and， most interestingly， wearing it atop their heads like a hat．
This behavior—called kelping—has been described in a new study as a “global phenomenon”． There's no doubt kelping looks fun． But could it have another purpose Olaf Meynecke， research fellow at Griffith University and co author of the study， thinks so—especially considering that whales can keep it up for 30 to 40 minutes．
What's particularly intriguing about kelping is the way that humpbacks from different populations—in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres—all prefer to wear seaweed on the top of their heads， says Meynecke． They place kelp on their forehead in over half the recorded instances． Baleen species are believed to like having their heads scratched—gray whales are known for approaching whale watching boats for a tickle on the nose． Because whales don't have hands to scratch themselves， like we do， Meynecke suggests “they might seek out other tactile sensations that just feel good”．
Whales might also be treating kelp like a cleansing face mask， as seaweed has antimicrobial qualities that can reduce levels of bacteria． Rubbing kelp across their bodies may also remove parasites (寄生物) and shed bacterial and viral growths to prevent them getting completely overgrown with sea lice (虱) and skin infections， says Meynecke．
The study has caught the attention of researchers globally， and Meynecke's mailbox has been flooded with people who have also seen kelping． “Someone from Tahiti was like， ‘We see it all the time，’” he says． Now the phenomenon has been highlighted globally， which could lead to further research into the behavior， its benefits， and even if other species do it．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于座头鲸与巨藻互动的研究。
1．What can we learn about humpback whales
A．They migrate alone every year．
B．They are naughty and good at sports．
C．They have an ear for music．
D．They cooperate closely while hunting．
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Humpback whales are well known for ．．． that trap their prey．”可知，座头鲸在捕猎时会合作制造气泡网来捕获猎物。故选D。
2．What does the underlined word “intriguing” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Dangerous． B．Fascinating．
C．Optimistic． D．Worthwhile．
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“What's particularly ．．． on the top of their heads”可知，南北半球不同种群的座头鲸都喜欢把巨藻戴在头顶，这一现象是令人感兴趣的。由此可知，画线词意为“吸引人的，令人感兴趣的”，与fascinating同义。故选B。
3．What function does seaweed possess according to Paragraph 4
A．Resisting bacteria． B．Removing dirt from the skin．
C．Enhancing immune system． D．Preventing the growth of parasites．
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Whales might also be treating ．．． reduce levels of bacteria．”可知，巨藻具有抗菌特性，能够减少细菌数量。故选A。
4．What might be talked about next in the article
A．Explore the benefit of kelping．
B．Analyze the harm of kelp to whales．
C．Research into other species' behavior．
D．Advocate for the protection of marine animals．
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now the phenomenon ．．． other species do it．”可知，这种现象在全球范围内引起了注意，这可能会促使人们进一步研究这种行为及其益处，由此可推知，接下来文章可能会讨论探索座头鲸与巨藻互动这一行为的好处。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．migrate v． (随季节变化)迁徙；迁移
2．collaborate vi． 合作；协作
3．aspect n． 方面；层面
4．scratch v． 挠(痒处)；抓破，抓伤
5．remove vt． 去除；移开；脱去
(二)高频短语
6．shed light on 阐明，解释
7．seek out 追寻到；找到
8．catch the attention of 引起……的注意
9．be flooded with 充满；被淹没
10．lead to 导致；通向
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．Scientists are studying various natural phenomena (phenomenon) to better understand the world around us．
2．The growth (grow) of technology has significantly impacted the way we live and work．
3．Climate change is a globally (global) pressing issue that requires the cooperation of all nations to address effectively．
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．The garden was left unattended for too long， resulting in an overgrown mess of weeds and tangled vines．蔓生的
5．She co authored a successful book on sustainable living practices， which gained widespread popularity among environmentally conscious readers．合著
6．The report highlights the major problems facing society today．突出；强调；使注意
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
purpose， leap， fascinate
1．The ancient ruins of the city were incredibly captivating， drawing visitors from all over the world．fascinating
2．Her intention was clear from the outset; she had a definite aim in mind for her project．purpose
3．The athlete made a sudden jump， soaring over the bar in a breathtaking display of skill．leap
(六)长难句分析
Now， researchers have shed light on another aspect of whale behavior: Playing with kelp (巨藻) they find floating in the ocean—moving it between their fins， rolling around with it， and， most interestingly， wearing it atop their heads like a hat．
句意：现在，研究者已经揭示了鲸鱼行为的另一个方面，即它们会与它们发现的漂浮在海中的巨藻玩耍——在它们的鳍之间舞动巨藻、围着巨藻翻滚，最有趣的是，将巨藻像帽子一样戴在头上。
分析：主干是researchers have shed ．．． whale behavior；现在分词短语Playing ．．． like a hat为another aspect of whale behavior的同位语；they find floating in the ocean是定语从句，修饰kelp。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．Nothing would prevent him from speaking out (阻止他说出) against injustice．
2．Humans are believed to (被认为) be tied to nature．
(八)仿写句子
These mysterious animals migrate thousands of miles every year， sing charming songs， leap from the water in an enormous breach， and collaborate while hunting—creating bubble nets that trap their prey．(状语从句的省略)
仿写：这台旧机器在使用前必须检查一下。
The old machine must be checked before being used．
课后课时作业(二)
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
(2024·广东省广州市天河外国语学校高二下月考)Are you looking for a place to spend a holiday Here are two great beaches for you to consider．
Yasawa Island Beach， Fiji
The Yasawa Islands are popular for unspoiled (未经破坏的) beaches and clear bluegreen waters． Many mountains stand nearby as well． They offer people a much needed break from their busy lives． With natural beauty and a lot of sunshine， the islands have become a perfect place to relax． Popular with backpackers， the South Pacific islands also offer many activities such as sailing， visiting local villages and enjoying an evening on the beach with campfires and barbecues． In particular， the Yasawa Island Beach is an affordable relaxing place for tourists．
Eagle Beach， Aruba
Even if you are not one of many American students taking a break from the stresses of college life， you have probably heard people talk about the island—how it offers wild adventures and relaxing activities． No one can say “no” to its Caribbean charm (魅力)． In particular， if you have been to Eagle Beach， you will never regret the trip to Aruba． Like an eagle that spreads its wings widely， the beach is known for its long coastline． The Eagle Beach is also known for its soft white sands and clear waters． However， what you can see is not just a wide view of sand and sea． If you're lucky， you can observe sea turtle hatchlings (幼崽) as they make their way to the ocean．
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了两处适合度假的海滩。
1．What are the Yasawa Islands popular for
A．Beaches and waters．
B．Campfires and barbecues．
C．Warm weather all the year round．
D．Different kinds of exciting activities．
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Yasawa Island Beach， Fiji部分中的“The Yasawa Islands are popular for unspoiled (未经破坏的) beaches and clear bluegreen waters．”可知，Yasawa群岛因海滩和水域而受欢迎。故选A。
2．What can be inferred about the Aruba Island
A．People often talk about the island．
B．The island's charm is widely known．
C．American students often go to the island．
D．The wild adventures are attractive to the locals．
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据Eagle Beach， Aruba部分中的“Even if you are not ．．． its Caribbean charm (魅力)．”可推知，Aruba Island的魅力广为人知。故选B。
3．The Eagle Beach is most probably a popular place for ．
A．people to hold parties B．sea turtles to lay eggs
C．birds to look for food D．eagles to have a rest
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据Eagle Beach， Aruba部分中的“If you're lucky， you can observe sea turtle hatchlings (幼崽) as they make their way to the ocean．”可推知，Eagle Beach很可能是海龟喜欢产卵的地方。故选B。
B
(2024·山东省枣庄市滕州市高二下期中)Polar bears normally need sea ice to hunt seals， but an isolated group of polar bears living on the mountainous coast of southeast Greenland have figured out how to make a living， even though the sea ice there melts away early in the year．
These bears have found a way to supplement their limited sea ice supply by hunting on freshwater ice that comes from glaciers on land． The glacial ice falls off in pieces into fjords， where the pieces get together into a floating platform that the polar bears use to catch seals， according to a report in the journal Science．
Climate change is making sea ice more and more scarce． Loss of sea ice is “the primary threat to polar bears，” says Kristin Laidre of the University of Washington， lead author of the new study． But， she says， this new work suggests some bears might be able to cope with a decreased amount of sea ice—at least for a while—in places like Greenland where they can take advantage of floating glacier ice．
While local people have long known that bears live in southeast Greenland， it's a remote， challenging environment that's not frequented by humans． “It's a coastline with huge mountain peaks， lots of winds， extreme conditions and plenty of fogs，” says Laidre， who has spent years working with colleagues to survey polar bears living on Greenland's 1，800 mile long east coast．
To see what they could find in southeast Greenland， the team had to take helicopters from the nearest settlement and fly for two hours in a straight line to the coast． “We arrived in these fjords， very isolated fjords， and there's essentially no sea ice or very poor sea ice offshore，” says Laidre， explaining that the researchers expected to find few bears．
“But there were a lot of bears in these fjords，” she says． “It was clearly just a unique habitat．”
The sea ice persisted in these fjords for only around a hundred days a year， she notes， meaning that bears don't have much time to use it as a hunting ground．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候变化导致海冰减少，生活在格陵兰岛东南部的一群北极熊找到了一种新的狩猎方式：利用从陆地冰川落入峡湾的淡水冰来捕捉海豹。
4．What does the underlined word “supplement” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Keep up with． B．Look forward to．
C．Look down on． D．Make up for．
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中画线词所在句“These bears have found ．．． glaciers on land．”可知，北极熊通过在来自陆地冰川的淡水冰上狩猎来补充其有限的海冰供应。由此可知，supplement 意为“补充”，与 make up for 意思相近。故选D。
5．What will happen to pieces of glacial ice after falling off
A．They will form various fjords．
B．They will exist in fjords for only two hundred years．
C．They will gather to be a platform for polar bears to hunt．
D．They will float into cold places and never disappear．
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The glacial ice falls off ．．． the polar bears use to catch seals”可知，冰川冰破碎成碎片落入峡湾，这些碎片聚集在一起形成一个浮动平台，北极熊用它来捕捉海豹。故选C。
6．What is the environment like in southeast Greenland
A．Severe． B．Crowded．
C．Pleasant． D．Windless．
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，格陵兰岛东南部是一个遥远、充满挑战的环境，那里有巨大的山峰、狂风、极端天气和大量的雾。由此可推知，格陵兰岛东南部的环境很恶劣。故选A。
7．What is the text mainly about
A．Polar bears are on the edge of dying out．
B．Polar bears have another way to hunt with little sea ice．
C．Polar bears no longer need sea ice to hunt seals．
D．Polar bears can replace sea water with fresh water．
答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了北极熊在海冰减少的情况下，如何利用陆地冰川落入峡湾的淡水冰来捕猎。故选B。
Ⅱ　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·江苏省连云港市东海、灌云和灌南三校高二下联考)When Mary entered the south Pole Penguin Research Lab， she saw her friend Tom gently stroking (轻抚) a penguin in his arms． As children of the lab scientists， Mary and Tom often observed the emperor penguins that were studied to understand how they adapted to extreme temperatures—insights that could aid human survival．
“We're thirteen， Tom． It's time to grow up and stop playing with the lab penguins，” said Mary as she started cleaning． “They're research animals， not pets．”
“But the birds listen to me！” insisted Tom， his breath forming a cloud in the freezing air． “You're just trying to be a penguin whisperer again，” Mary replied， shaking her head with a gentle smile． The penguins seemed playful as they walked， dove， swam and chased their live fish for sport before eating．
Suddenly， an alarm rang out and red lights flashed， signaling a problem． The kids rushed over to look into it． “It's colder than before—there's ice forming on the water，” noted Tom． Though always cold， Mary had never seen ice here before． She checked the habitat monitor and found that the temperature had gone down a lot． “The heater must be broken！”
Mary quickly sent a message to their parents' research team， who were conducting outdoor studies． With the adults away， the kids would have to deal with the freezing conditions until help arrived．
Time dragged as Mary and Tom anxiously waited． The increasing cold caused them to shake． “I wonder what emperor penguins do in extreme cold， since they stay in the Pole all winter instead of going somewhere warmer，” asked Mary． “They huddle (挤作一团)，” Tom answered． “They huddle together tightly so that the birds in the middle will be warm enough．” “What about the ones on the edge？” Mary asked． “They push their way towards the center， and then move back out to the edge， and struggle back again． Scientists in the early 21st century recorded it．” He replied as he stared at the large crowd of the penguins in the lab．
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“I have an idea to stay warm！” Tom shouted excitedly．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Two and a half hours later， the parents returned with help．　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Mary (玛丽)和Tom (汤姆)是科学家的孩子，他们经常和实验室的企鹅待在一起。一天孩子们发现供暖系统出现故障，而大人们都外出做研究了，他们做了些什么保护措施？大人们急匆匆赶回来时，孩子们和帝企鹅们怎么样？
[精彩范文]
“I have an idea to stay warm！” Tom shouted excitedly． Spreading his arms， he suggested joining the penguin huddles． Worried that the penguins wouldn't let them， Mary hesitated but was soon persuaded by Tom's assuring grin． He slowly approached the crowded penguins， crouching down． Gently stroking them with care， he whispered softly． Though startled at first， the penguins recognized Tom and let him into their group． Mary quickly followed． The children squeezed into the huddle's edge with the penguins． Just as the birds did， they moved toward the middle and back out as the group shifted．
Two and a half hours later， the parents returned with help． Rushing in calling for the kids， they were surprised． The children were safely surrounded by Emperors in a large bundle． When asked how they stayed warm， the kids looked at each other proudly． “We used what the Emperor Penguins do，” they told their parents． Mary patted Tom's shoulder with admiration， calling him a penguin whisperer． With a big smile， Tom gave credit to the penguins who taught them a lot． Their teamwork had seen them through the difficult cold with the penguins' aid．
　精深阅读
(2024·安徽省蚌埠铁路中学高二下月考)The ocean is a huge body of saltwater that covers about 71 percent of Earth's surface． An estimated 97 percent of the world's water is found in the ocean． Because of this， the ocean has a considerable impact on weather， temperature， and the food supply of humans and other organisms． Despite its size and impact on the lives of every organism on Earth， the ocean remains a mystery． More than 80 percent of the ocean has never been mapped， explored， or even seen by humans． A far greater percentage of the surfaces of the moon and the planet Mars have been mapped and studied than that of our own ocean floor．
Although there is much more to learn， oceanographers (海洋学家) have already made some amazing discoveries． For example， we know that the ocean contains towering mountain ranges and deep canyons， known as trenches (海沟)， just like those on land． The peak of the world's tallest mountain—Mount Everest in the Himalayas， measuring 8．84 kilometers (5．49 miles) high—would not even break the surface of the water if it was placed in the Pacific Ocean's Mariana Trench or Philippine Trench， two of the deepest parts of the ocean． On the other hand， the Atlantic Ocean is relatively shallow because large parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves—parts of the continents that extend far out into the ocean． The average depth of the entire ocean is 3，720 meters (12，200 feet)．
It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home． It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean's species are still undiscovered， with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered． Currently， scientists know of around 226，000 ocean species． Since the ocean is so vast， there is plenty for future oceanographers from all corners of the globe to explore and discover．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对海洋知之甚少，海洋的众多奥秘仍需要科学家去探究。
1．Why does the author mention the research on the moon and Mars in Paragraph 1
A．To emphasize the wide impact of the ocean．
B．To show how scientists do space exploration．
C．To prove people's deep fascination with space．
D．To stress how little humans know about the ocean．
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“More than 80 percent ．．． than that of our own ocean floor．(超过80%的海洋从未被人类测绘和探索过，甚至从未被人类看到过。对月球和火星表面进行测绘和研究的比例远远高于我们自己的海底。)”可推知，作者在第一段提到对月球和火星的探索，是为了突出人类对海洋知之甚少。故选D。
2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．Physical features of the seafloor．
B．Scientists' discoveries about the ocean．
C．Varieties of landforms on the Earth．
D．Similarities between the land and sea．
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，海洋学家已经发现海洋也有高耸的山脉和被称为海沟的峡谷。大西洋海底的大部分由大陆架组成。整个海洋的平均深度为3，720米。由此可知，本段主要介绍了海洋学家关于海洋的发现。故选B。
3．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．Ocean exploration has great potential．
B．The number of ocean species is declining．
C．Ocean pollution has become more serious．
D．Oceanographers need to do more to protect the ocean．
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Since the ocean is so vast ．．． to explore and discover．(由于海洋如此广阔，未来来自世界各地的海洋学家有很多东西可以探索和发现。)”可推知，海洋勘探具有巨大的潜力。故选A。
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．A Big Discovery in the Deep Sea
B．The Ocean: A Mystery to Mankind
C．A Challenging Exploration of the Sea
D．The Ocean: A Vast Home to Sea Animals
答案：B
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了人类对海洋知之甚少，海洋的众多奥秘仍需要海洋学家去探索研究，B项(海洋：对人类而言是个谜)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．estimate vt． 估计；估算；估价
2．considerable adj． 相当大的；相当重要的
3．map vt． 绘制……的地图　n． 地图
4．shallow adj． 浅的，不深的
5．depth n． 深度；向下(或向里)距离
(二)高频短语
6．have an impact on 对……有影响
7．more than 超过；非常
8．(be) known as 被称为
9．on the other hand 另一方面；相反地
10．extend out 向外延伸
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．He sees no signs of improvement in the UK and continental (continent) economy．
2．My mother was an amazing (amaze) woman and she raised four of us kids all by herself．
3．The smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen feet in depth (deep)．
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．Many of these species have vanished or are facing extinction．物种
5．A vast crowd turned out to watch the procession．巨大的；庞大的
6．The oil well extended several hundreds of feet deep．延伸
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
entire， estimate， contain
1．It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage．estimate
2．The first two floors of the building possess retail space and a restaurant．contain
3．I have never heard such nonsense in my whole life！entire
(六)长难句分析
It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean's species are still undiscovered， with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered．
句意：可能有超过90%的海洋物种仍未被发现，一些科学家估计，还有几十万到几百万种海洋物种有待发现。
分析：主干是It could be that ．．．；第一个that引导表语从句；第二个that引导宾语从句，作estimating的宾语。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．There is little doubt that man has had an impact on the Earth's climate (已经对地球气候有影响)．
2．An approach known as systems thinking (被称为系统思维) is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges．
(八)仿写句子
It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home．(主语从句)
仿写：她是否能得到这份工作还值得怀疑。
It is doubtful whether she will get this job．
6(共152张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 3　 SEA EXPLORATION
单元主题：人与自然——海洋探索
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
预习检测 词汇打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业（一）
5
课后课时作业（二）
6
预习检测 词汇打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．tale n．__________________
2．merchant n． ______________　adj．_____________
3．fleet n．___________________
4．spice n．_____________
5．maritime adj．_______________________
故事；叙述
商人；批发商
海上货运的
舰队；机群；车队
(调味)香料
海的；海运的；海事的
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．__________ vt． 商定；达成(协议)　vi． 谈判；磋商；协商
2．_________ vt． 看；看见
3．_______ n． 等级；水平；联合会；联赛
4．__________ vi．& vt． (使)撤回；撤离
5．________ n． 航道；海峡；频道
negotiate
behold
league
withdraw
channel
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．extend vt． 扩展；使伸长；延长→__________ n． 延伸；延期；延长→___________ adj． 广阔的；广泛的→____________ adv． 广阔地；广泛地
2．royal adj． 皇家的；王室的；高贵的→_________ adv． 庄严地；高贵地→__________ n． 王室；王室成员
extension
extensive
extensively
royally
royalty
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
bond 熟义：n．_________________
vt．& vi．__________________________
生义：n． 债券；公债
五、核心短语：写出英语表达
1．________ 起航；开航
2．______________________ 独领风骚
3．______________ 退出；撤回
4．_________在手头；可供使用
纽带；关系
增强信任关系；使牢固结合
set sail
in a league of one's own
withdraw from
in hand
自主学习　课文语篇
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements． To complete the great map of the world1 was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations． Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east． However， merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did2．
课文三维剖析
1动词不定式短语作____，谓语动词用单数形式
2___________从句，动词did代替前面的动词短语__________
主语
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
跨越海洋
时间状语
set sail
贸易和好奇心通常构成人类最伟大成就的基础。在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。马可·波罗的故事激励了欧洲探险家寻找自西向东的海上航线。然而，在哥伦布首次启航之前许多年，东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。
3引导_____从句，此从句相当于the road which became known as the Silk Road
4动词不定式短语作_______
5引导______________从句，指代前面整个主句
6引导______________从句，先行词为前面的主句所表达的内容
In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what3 became known as the Silk Road． A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean， centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)． Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals4， which5 also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures． Over the centuries， further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as6 recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century．
宾语
目的状语
非限制性定语
非限制性定语
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横跨海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。几个世纪间，随着贸易的发展，对中国以西地区的探索增多了，这些在八世纪杜环所著的《经行记》一书中有所记载。
7连接两个介词短语to the mouth of the Red Sea和to the east coast of Africa，在句中作_________
Later， the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions． Between 1405 and 1433， seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration． These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time． Under the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， and7 then to the
地点状语
8引导_________从句，可以和______________互换
east coast of Africa． African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold， silk， and spices． Although8 China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries．
让步状语
Though/While
后来，明朝进一步发展了与这些地区的关系。1405年至1433年间，七支大型船队西渡重洋，开展贸易和探索。这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。在郑和的指挥下，船队从中国南海起航，穿越印度洋，直抵红海口，然后前往非洲东海岸。非洲王室赠送长颈鹿等礼物以示友好，同时也是作为他们获得黄金、丝绸和香料的回赠。尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索，但在随后的几个世纪，这些陆地和海洋路线仍是与其他文化之间的活跃通道。
9动词不定式短语作_____，谓语动词用单数形式
10过去分词短语作________，修饰名词routes
11引导______________从句，对先行词_____________________
_________进行解释说明
12连接两个并列成分cooperation和trade，在句中作_______
To reach out across the sea9 remains a strong desire today． The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He10 are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which11 is part of the Belt and Road Initiative． The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and12 trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world． Trading has grown
主语
后置定语
非限制性定语
the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road
宾语
13动词不定式作_________，修饰名词______
14引导_____________从句，指代前面整个主句
15连接两个名词短语future trade和cultural exchange，在句中作介词of的_______
greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come13． China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which14 will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and15 cultural exchange．
后置定语
years
非限制性定语
宾语
今天，跨海越洋依旧是人们强烈的渴望。随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。近年来，贸易增长迅猛，未来几年也将继续增长。中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
16过去分词left和动词不定式to explore均为___________，修饰places
17动词不定式短语作_______
_____，修饰名词need
18在句中作__________
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects． Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times， there are still many other places left to explore16． In recent years， China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic． From a scientific point of view， there is an urgent need to study the Arctic17 in order to understand climate change and its effects18．
后置定语
后置定语
目的状语
中国还与海洋彼岸的友邦一起参与了其他重要项目。尽管郑和的古代海上路线已经重走很多次了，但仍有许多其他地方有待探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一道开展了多次北极考察。从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
19 with的复合结构作______
20两个动词不定式作______
______，分别修饰前面的名词_______和______
21动词不定式短语作_________
________
Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand19， the need to trade and the desire to enhance20 relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea21 far into the future．
数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
状语
后置定语
need
desire
宾语补足语
(一)课文结构理解
阅读领悟
achievements
ancient
voyages
Belt and Road
future
(二)匹配故事主线
(____)1．Para．1 A．China will continue to explore the sea and enhance
relationships with other countries．
(____)2．Para．2 B．Zheng He's sea voyages built relations with other
countries．
(____)3．Para．3 C．The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road has encouraged
cooperation and strengthened the bonds between China
and the rest of the world． (Today， the Belt and Road
Initiative is picking up where Zheng He left off．)
D
F
B
(____)4．Para．4 D．Travel from east to west began long before Columbus．
(____)5．Para．5 E．China is also joining with other countries on other
important projects．
(____)6．Para．6 　　F．In ancient times， travel east to west was on the Silk
Road．
C
E
A
(三)问题链
1．Which countries or people reached out across the sea in the past and why
________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．What benefits and problems did those countries get from doing this
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world
________________________________________________________________________________________________
They were European explorers， China， India， Ceylon， African royal families and so on． They did so for trade．
They got new products from many different countries and became more aware of other cultures． In some cases， this led to invasion and conquest．
The land and sea routes remained active channels between different cultures for centuries．
合作探究 课时重点
探究一　热词
1．negotiate vt． 商定；达成(协议)　vi． 谈判；磋商；协商(教材P26)
negotiation n． 谈判，磋商，协商
negotiate (with sb) about/for sth 就某事(和某人)谈判/协商
negotiate a deal/contract/settlement 达成交易/确立合同/商定解决措施
enter into/open/conduct negotiations with sb 和某人开始/展开/进行谈判
in negotiation with sb 与某人协商中
under negotiation 在协商中
business/contract/trade negotiation商务/合同/贸易谈判
①He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase， only to resign from his job soon after he'd received it．
他花了很长时间谈判加薪，结果在加薪后不久就辞职了。
②With a bit of fancy footwork， she managed to negotiate a good deal．
她用了些高超的手腕，谈成了一笔买卖。
③The issue is still under negotiation．
这个问题还在商讨之中。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①They did a deal on sugar after a week of _____________(negotiate)．
②A contract is prepared _____negotiation with our clients．
【学会表达】完成句子
③协议的具体细节仍在协商中。
The exact details of the agreement _________________________．
negotiation
in
are still under negotiation
2．withdraw vi．& vt． (使)撤回；撤离；取钱(教材P26)
withdrawal n． 撤走；收回；取回；取钱；退出
withdraw from 退出；撤回
withdraw to 移除；撤退到
withdraw into 退缩；退却
withdraw into oneself 离群索居
withdraw money/cash/troops 取钱/取现/撤军
①The commander in chief was given 36 hours to secure a withdrawal of his troops from the combat zone．
总司令有36个小时的时间确保他的部队撤出战区。
②Therefore， all electric buses have been forced to withdraw from operation， seriously affecting services．
因此，所有电动公交车都被迫退出运营，严重影响了服务。
③We withdrew to the garden for a private talk．
我们退到花园里私下谈话。
④Many depressed people just withdraw into themselves．
许多抑郁的人只是把自己封闭起来。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She is very shy and always looks for a chance to withdraw _______herself．
②He replied that the UN had passed two major resolutions calling for a complete ___________ (withdraw)．
③After the Western Jin was vanquished， the Han government withdrew ____the east of the Yangtze River．
【学会表达】翻译
④他因受伤而被迫退出比赛。
__________________________________________________________
into
withdrawal
to
He was forced to withdraw from the competition because of injury．
3．extend vt． 扩展；使伸长；延长→___________ n． 延伸；延期；延长→___________ adj． 广阔的；广泛的→_____________ adv． 广阔地；广泛地
extension
extensive
extensively
The extensive use of technology in our daily lives has led to a significant extension of our knowledge base， which has been explored extensively through online resources．
技术在我们日常生活中的广泛应用极大地扩展了我们的知识库，这些知识通过在线资源得到了广泛的探索。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①He's been granted an ___________(extend) of the contract for another year．
②All these issues have been ____________(extensive) researched in recent years．
【学会表达】完成句子
③宫殿及其庭院建成时比城市本身还要广阔。
When built， the palace and its grounds were _____________________________．
extension
extensively
more extensive than the city itself
4　bond
[熟义] n． 纽带；关系　vt．& vi． 增强信任关系；使牢固结合
[生义] n．______________
债券；公债
①Family traditions and shared experiences serve as strong bonds that connect generations within a family．
家庭传统和共同经历是连接家族几代人的强大纽带。
②The team building activities helped to bond the members of the group， enhancing their trust and collaboration．
团建活动有助于加强小组成员之间的联系，增强他们的信任和协作。
③The government issued a new series of bonds to finance infrastructure projects， attracting investors seeking stable returns．
政府发行了一系列新公债来为基础设施项目融资，吸引了寻求稳定回报的投资者。
【学会运用】同义词替换
①Let's bond our efforts and our hearts in order to achieve our common goal．____
【学会表达】翻译
②该公司发行了高收益债券以筹集资金用于其扩张计划。
________________________________________________________________
③旅行中的共同经历让朋友们建立了深厚的友谊。
___________________________________________________________________
unite
The company issued high yield bonds to raise capital for its expansion plans．
Their shared experiences during the trip created a strong bond between the friends．
探究二　短语
5．set sail 起航；开航(教材P26)
set其他相关短语：
set sail from/for ... 自……起航/起航去……
set free 释放；使获得自由 set in 开始；到来
set off 出发；引发 set out (to do) 出发；开始(做)
set up 建立；开业 set about (doing) 开始(做)；着手(做)
set apart 使分离 set aside 留出；搁置
set back 阻碍；推迟 set down 写下；记下
①Fishing boats set sail from Shipu Port in Xiangshan County， Ningbo， at the end of a fishing moratorium．
休渔期结束时，渔船从宁波象山县石浦港起航。
②After years of unjust imprisonment， the innocent man was finally set free and reunited with his family．
经过多年的不公正监禁，这位无辜的男子终于重获自由，并与家人团聚。
③Once this environment is set up， all that's left is to wait for the stray cat to appear．
一旦建立了这个环境，剩下的就是等待流浪猫的出现。
④How do senior managers set about making these decisions
高级管理人员如何着手作出这些决定？
⑤The government pledged that it will set aside a special fund．
政府保证将拨出一笔特殊基金。
⑥Old Walter is setting down his memories of village life．
老沃尔特正在写他的乡村生活的回忆录。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①It set _____a chain reaction in the international money markets．
②He set _____to find the truth behind the mystery．
③Fighting dogs need to be set _____in the correct way．
④The spring sowing time has set ____．
【学会表达】翻译
⑤由于天气恶劣，建筑计划延误了好几个星期。
___________________________________________________________
⑥第二天早上，他们的船队从南京起航了。
______________________________________________
off
out
apart
in
The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks．
The next morning， their fleet set sail from Nanjing．
6．in hand 在手头；可供使用；在掌握中(教材P27)
hand其他相关短语：
at hand 在手边，在附近；即将来临
by hand 用手
give/lend sb a hand 帮某人一把
on hand 在手边(随时可用)
on the one/other hand 一方面/另一方面
hand in hand 手拉手；联合
green hand 生手；没有经验的人
hand over 移交；交出；让与
hand out 分发；散发
hand in 提交
①He collected some orange juice from the refrigerator and， glass in hand， strolled to the kitchen window．
他从冰箱里取了一些橙汁，然后手拿玻璃杯，溜达到厨房的窗边。(动作描写)
②Can you give me a hand to lift this
你能帮我把这个抬起来吗？
③There are experts on hand to give you all the help and advice you need．
有现成的专家随时为你提供所需的一切帮助和建议。
④I saw them making their way， hand in hand， down the path．
我看到他们手牵着手沿着小路走去。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops ____hand．
②Please hand _____the reading materials to the students．
③She always had a great deal of work _____hand， but no one ever heard her complain．
【学会表达】完成句子
④一方面我羡慕他的才华，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。
_____________， I admire his gifts， but ______________ I distrust his judgment．
by
out
in
On the one hand
on the other hand
探究三　长难句分析
7．Over the centuries， further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century．(教材P26)
几个世纪间，随着贸易的发展，对中国以西地区的探索增多了，这些在八世纪杜环所著的《经行记》一书中有所记载。
【分析】　as在此处为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句的内容。
which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同：
相同点：两者都可指代主句中的部分或整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。
不同点
①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后；
②which后的be动词不可省略；而as后的be动词可以省略；
③which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，可用各类动词作谓语；而as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be， seem， become等，一般不用其他行为动词；
④指代主句中某一个单词时，只能用which，不能用as；
⑤“介词＋关系代词”中关系代词只能用which；
⑥从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which；
⑦关系代词指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词时，常用which。
①David， as you know， has not been well lately．
你知道，大卫最近身体不太好。
②He started the car， which hummed smoothly．
他发动了汽车，汽车平稳地发出嗡嗡声。
③She took it in the spirit in which it was intended．
她根据其精神实质来认识此事。
　 as常意为“正如”，常用的结构有as we know (众所周知); as is often the case (情况常常如此); as be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/
reported (正如所宣布/预期/了解到/想象/提到/报道的)等。这些结构常放于句首，偶尔也可以放于句中或句末。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Mike sold the old house， ________made his father very angry．
②_____ is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth．
③Air is a mixture of gases， of _______oxygen forms 21 percent．
which
As
which
【学会表达】完成句子
④正如经常发生的那样，史蒂文森由于上学迟到被惩罚了。
Stevenson was punished for his being late for school， ________________．
⑤这个男孩告诉他的父母，他被清华大学录取了，这是一个谎言。
The boy told his parent he had been admitted into Tsinghua University， _________________．
as often happens
which was a lie
8．The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative．(教材P26)
随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
【分析】　are being revisited 是现在进行时的被动语态，表示“一个正在进行的被动动作”。
现在进行时的被动语态：
表示正在进行或发生的被动动作，常与look， listen等动词及now， at present等时间状语连用
表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动动作在此时此刻不一定正在发生
表示按计划、安排将要发生的被动动作(仅限于少数及物动词)
与情态动词连用，表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测
①The IT department is being hived off into a new company．
信息技术部正被分离出来，成立新公司。
②The foundations of the house are being laid today．
今天正在给房子打地基。
③Hundreds of invitations are being sent out this week．
本周数百张请帖正在发出。
④The book is being translated into French by a team of experts．
这本书正在被一组专家翻译成法语。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①At present， 7 patients ______________(treat)， in isolation， at hospitals in the area．
②The building ______________(build); I can't stand its noise．
③The old man may _________________(watch) over by a volunteer at the very moment．
【学会表达】完成句子
④你现在不允许进入会议室，因为那里正在制订一个秘密计划。
You are not allowed to go into the meeting room now _______________________
_________________．
are being treated
is being built
be being watched
because a secret plan is being made there
对点练习 巩固所学
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列单词和短语的英文
1．________ adj． 皇家的；王室的；高贵的
2．________ vt． 看；看见
3．_____ n． 故事；叙述
4．_______ n． 等级；水平；联合会；联赛
5．________ vt． 扩展；使伸长；延长
royal
behold
tale
league
extend
6．__________ 在手头；可供使用
7．______________________ 独领风骚
8．______________ 退出；撤回
9．_________________为了……的利益
10．________ 起航；开航
in hand
in a league of one's own
withdraw from
for the benefit of
set sail
(二)写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义
1．With its own fleet of trucks， the company delivers most orders overnight．
________
2．The spice imparts an Eastern flavour to the dish．______
3．I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV．_______
4．There's been a big reduction in the size of the merchant fleet in recent years．______________
5．There has been a close bond between them ever since she saved him from drowning．________
车队
香料
频道
海上货运的
关系
维度二　语境运用
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．Eleven million bottles of water had to be withdrawn _____sale due to a health scare．
2．The gala evening was attended by ________(royal) and politicians．
3．They begin another round of ___________(negotiate) today．
4．We are thinking of having an __________(extend) built， as we now require an extra bedroom．
5．He didn’t know the fact that the air is difficult _________(breathe) at high altitudes．
from
royalty
negotiations
extension
to breathe
(四)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分
1．The scenic pathway through the mountains offers breathtaking views of the valley below．_______
2．Upon observing the ancient ruins， the archaeologists were amazed by their intricate details．___________
3．Despite the rain， the children stayed outside playing， enjoying the puddles and mud．___________
route
remain， route， withdraw， behold， invest
beholding
remained
4．The politician retracted his earlier statement， apologizing for any misunderstandings it may have caused．___________
5．The government has funded several research projects aimed at finding a cure for the disease．_________
withdrew
invested
维度三　能力提升
(五)长难句分析
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby．
句意：这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。
分析：句子主干是______________，是“_____”结构。because引导__________从句；who引导定语从句，修饰限定先行词people；现在分词短语recording their encounters with species作___________，修饰名词短语citizen scientists。
This makes sense
主谓
原因状语
后置定语
(六)句型转换
1．It is my dream to travel the world and experience different cultures．(改为动词不定式短语作表语)
→__________________________________________________________
2．We expected the team would win the game， and so they did with a convincing victory．(改为as引导的非限制性定语从句)
→______________________________________________________________
My dream is to travel the world and experience different cultures．
As we expected， the team won the game with a convincing victory．
维度四　素养提升
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．The Olympic organizers say that matters are well ________(尽在掌握中)．
2．The prime minister ___________________________ (建立一个慈善机构来帮助) thousands of homeless people on the streets．
3．After the College Entrance Examination， we will bid farewell to each other and __________________________(起航前往一个未知的未来)．
in hand
set up a charity to reach out to
set sail for an unknown future
(八)翻译
1．一支乱扔的烟被指为引起这场火灾的罪魁祸首。(现在进行时的被动语态)
_____________________________________________
2．这些古老的地图激发了探险家们去丛林深处寻找传说中的失落之城。(动词不定式短语作宾语补足语)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A dropped cigarette is being blamed for the fire．
The ancient maps inspired explorers to search for the legendary lost city in the heart of the jungle．
课后课时作业（一）
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比70%) 　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·广东省中山市博文学校高二下月考)I'm standing on Rio's beach， one of the most famous __1__ of sand． In this lively， multicultural country， the beach is not just a place; it's a state of mind—a way of thinking and living．
Every Brazilian has his or her own ideas of the perfect beach， __2__ to tell you where to find it． I'm happy to take their advice but my ultimate goal is to find my own dream beach． First， I go to Prainha's beach __3__ by a row of perfect palm trees， moving softly in the ocean breeze． Its beauty is magnificent—its perfect graceful lines are like something in a __4__． But for me， it's somewhat too perfect． I am searching for something a bit __5__．
I continue my search heading north to a legendary beach: Jeri． As an international destination， it attracts visitors from Tokyo to Toronto． Luckily， Jeri hasn’t been __6__ by tourists mostly because of its isolated (偏远的) location—at least five hours from any airport． I take a beach buggy (沙地车)， driving for three hours． The boats lie on their sides while nets __7__ to dry on lines between fishermen’s houses． Peaceful and beautiful! How can it possibly get any better I __8__．
My final stop is the islands of Fernando， __9__ a few hundred kilometers out in the Atlantic． They once were used as a prison and later by the army． Today， they are a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site， __10__ with birds and sea life． The beach there is a perfect __11__ of sand， sea， and sky． The water is pale blue and warm， alive with colorful fish， __12__， and other marine life; the sand is the color of __13__． In the rocks and strong winds that __14__ come in from the Atlantic， there is the wilderness I was seeking． Finally， I’ve found the beach of my dreams． I __15__ my toes into the sand deeply and imagine I can hold on to this place forever．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者探寻心目中最完美的海滩的历程。
1．A．stretches B．piles
C．beds D．castles
解析：根据前文“on Rio's beach”可知，此处表示这是最著名的一片沙滩之一。stretch意为“一片，一段”。故选A。
2．A．unwilling B．ambitious
C．eager D．shy
解析：unwilling不愿意的；ambitious有雄心壮志的；eager渴望的；shy 害羞的。根据前文“Every Brazilian has his or her own ideas of the perfect beach”以及后文“I'm happy to take their advice”可知，每个巴西人对于完美的海滩都有自己的想法，作者接受了他们的建议，说明每个巴西人都渴望告诉你在哪里可以找到完美的海滩。故选C。
3．A．measured B．mixed
C．wrapped D．lined
解析：measure测量；mix混合；wrap包裹；line 排列。根据后文“by a row of perfect palm trees”可知，一排排完美的棕榈树排列在普赖尼亚沙滩上。故选D。
4．A．postcard B．ship
C．mirror D．shell
解析：根据前文“its perfect graceful lines”可知，它完美优雅的线条就像明信片上的图片。故选A。
5．A．tender B．wild
C．appealing D．familiar
解析：tender 温柔的；wild 天然的；野生的；appealing 吸引人的；familiar 熟悉的。根据前文“too perfect”以及后文“In the rocks ... I was seeking．”可知，普赖尼亚的海滩对于作者来说太过于完美，所以作者希望寻找一些天然的海滩。故选B。
6．A．visited B．discovered
C．damaged D．accepted
解析：visit参观；discover发现；damage损坏；accept接受。根据后文“because of its isolated (偏远的) location”可知，由于杰里海滩位置偏僻，所以并没有受到游客的破坏。故选C。
7．A．turn up B．fall off
C．break down D．hang out
解析：turn up 出现；fall off掉落；break down出现故障；hang out晾晒；闲逛。根据后文“to dry on lines between fishermen's houses”可知，渔网挂在渔民房子之间的绳子上晾晒。故选D。
8．A．stop B．worry
C．complain D．wonder
解析：stop 停止；worry担心；complain抱怨；wonder想知道。根据前文“How can it possibly get any better？”可知，作者思索着，当前沙滩上的景象已经是最好的了，还能够怎样变得更好呢？故选D。
9．A．wandering B．lying
C．disappearing D．floating
解析：wander徘徊；lie位于；disappear消失；float漂浮。根据后文“a few hundred kilometers out in the Atlantic”可知，该岛位于几百公里外的大西洋上。故选B。
10．A．rich B．dangerous
C．meaningful D．bored
解析：根据后文“with birds and sea life”可知，该处有丰富的鸟类和海洋生物。故选A。
11．A．relation B．balance
C．exchange D．field
解析：relation 关系；balance平衡；exchange交换；field 田地；领域。根据后文“The water ... the color of __13__．”可知，那里的海滩是沙滩、大海和天空的完美的平衡。故选B。
12．A．monkeys B．turtles
C．sharks D．pearls
解析：根据后文“and other marine life”可知，此处表示有海龟以及其他海洋生物。故选B。
13．A．sky B．water
C．honey D．diamond
解析：根据前文“the sand is the color”以及常识可知，沙子是蜂蜜的颜色。故选C。
14．A．eventually B．surprisingly
C．occasionally D．curiously
解析： eventually最终；surprisingly令人惊讶地；occasionally偶尔；curiously好奇地。根据前文“strong winds”和后文“come in from the Atlantic”可知，此处指从大西洋偶尔吹来强风。故选C。
15．A．dig B．warm
C．trap D．hurt
解析： dig挖掘；warm使温暖；trap卡住；hurt伤害。根据后文“my toes into the sand deeply”可知，作者把脚趾深深地插在沙子里。dig ... into ... 意为“把……插入……中”。故选A。
Ⅱ　阅读
(2024·江西省赣州市高二下期中)“Earth” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun． After all， if an alien examines it through a telescope， he would note that two thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all， but by oceans of water．
However， most of the oceans on Earth remain unexplored． For example， photographers are fond of pointing out that scientists have mapped nearly all the oceans’ surface， but less than a quarter of the seabed． Biologists think the oceans might host more than 2 million species of animals， of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth．
A new project may change this． Launched in London on April 27th， 2023， Ocean Census aims to discover 100，000 new species of ocean animals over the coming decade． Its first ship， Kronprins Haakon， set sail on April 29 for the Barents Sea．
The project is launched for two reasons． One is that the longer scientists wait， the less there will be to study． “Top on our agenda are species thought to be in the greatest danger from climate change，” says Oliver Steeds， founder of the project． “Otherwise， the forest is burning down and we won’t know what was there before it is lost．”
The second reason is technological． Biologists find about 2，000 new species a year， a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day． Ocean Census is betting that it can go faster． Fancy cameras on remote operated vehicles， for instance， allow scientists to scan deep sea creatures such as jellyfish without removing them from their habitat． Just as the huge pressures of the deep sea are deadly for humans， taking such a jellyfish to the surface for examination may reduce it to gooey slime (黏液)．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正在实施的海洋研究项目“海洋普查”的必要性及有利条件。
Exactly what the new effort might turn up， of course， is impossible to predict． But history suggests it will be fruitful． Half a century ago， scientists discovered hot seabeds that were home to organisms living happily in conditions that， until then， had been thought harmful to life． These days， such hot seabeds are thought to be one possible candidate for the origin of all life on Earth．
1．What phenomenon is described in the second paragraph
A．The oceans are home to most of the animals．
B．The oceans have not been studied in depth．
C．Scientists enjoy photographing the oceans．
D．“Earth” is not a proper name for our planet．
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“but less than a quarter of the seabed”和“of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth”可知，科学家们对海洋的研究还很浅显。故选B。
2．What does Oliver Steeds most probably mean
A．More efforts from scientists are necessary．
B．Animals in the forest should be rescued， too．
C．Climate change is endangering the forest．
D．The project should start with threatened species．
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中Oliver Steeds (奥利弗·斯蒂兹)所说的话“Top on our agenda ... from climate change”可知，Oliver Steeds认为受到气候变化威胁最大的物种应作为该项目的首要任务，由此可推知，他想表达的是这个项目应该从濒危物种开始。故选D。
3．What can we learn from the jellyfish example in Paragraph 5
A．It is mature to study the oceans now．
B．Scientists should slow down their studies．
C．It is harmful to study deep sea animals．
D．Researchers want more advanced equipment．
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Fancy cameras on remote operated vehicles ... from their habitat．”可知，通过远程操作的交通工具上的高级摄像机扫描就能够对水母等深海动物进行研究，而无需将它们从栖息地移走。由此可推知，水母的例子表明，现在海洋研究的技术已经比较成熟。故选A。
4．What does the author think of Ocean Census
A．Dangerous． B．Creative．
C．Promising． D．Unnecessary．
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Exactly what the new effort ... it will be fruitful．”可知，作者认为这个项目会带来积极的成果，由此可推知，作者认为它是有前景的。故选C。
Ⅲ　语法填空
(2024·安徽省马鞍山中加双语学校高二下第二次月考)Emerging evidence in humans suggests a __1__ (typical) Western high fat， high sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken your brain's appetite control．
After offering volunteers a week long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles， milkshakes and similarly rich foods， researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored worse on memory tests and experienced a __2__ (great) desire to eat junk food， even when they were already full．
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)—a region of the brain __3__ supports memory and helps to regulate appetite． When we are full， the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food， thereby __4__ (reduce) our appetite． When it's interrupted， __5__ control can be seriously damaged． Over the years， extensive research on __6__ (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to junk food， but recently this has been observed only in young and healthy humans．
In 2017， after a week of Western style breakfasts of __7__ (toast) sandwiches and milkshakes， researchers found participants performed worse on learning and memory tests which are typically dependent __8__ the hippocampus．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人们新发现的证据显示典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品饮食会迅速削弱大脑的食欲控制。
Now， in this latest study the scientists of the team __9__ (find) that not only do such high fat， high sugar diets impair memory in humans， but they appear to directly affect our ability __10__ (control) our appetite．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
1．答案：typically
解析：考查词性转换。Western是形容词，应用副词typically修饰。故填typically。
2．答案：greater
解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：澳大利亚的研究人员为志愿者提供了为期一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的油腻食物后发现，年轻健康的志愿者在记忆测试中得分更差，即使已经吃饱了，他们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。根据句意及前文的worse可知，此处应用great的比较级。故填greater。
3．答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the hippocampus，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
4．答案：reducing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们吃饱时，海马体被认为可以减少我们对美食的记忆，从而降低我们的食欲。reduce与前文中所述情况为主动关系，设空处应用现在分词作结果状语。故填reducing。
解析：考查冠词。根据上文可知，control是第二次提及，应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
5．答案：the
6．答案：mice
解析：考查名词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。mouse为可数名词，前无限定词修饰，设空处应用名词复数。故填mice。
解析：考查非谓语动词。toast与sandwiches之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填toasted。
7．答案：toasted
8．答案：on/upon
解析：考查介词。固定短语be dependent on/upon意为“依靠，依赖”。故填on/upon。
9．答案：have found
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示这项研究从过去到现在一直没有中断，而且有发现，对现在产生了影响，应用现在完成时。主语the scientists of the team表示复数概念，谓语动词应用复数。故填have found。
10．答案：to control
解析：考查非谓语动词。the ability to do sth意为“做某事的能力”。故填to control。
(2024·广西桂林高二下期末)Humpback whales are well known for their fascinating culture: These mysterious animals migrate thousands of miles every year， sing charming songs， leap from the water in an enormous breach， and collaborate while hunting—creating bubble nets that trap their prey． Now， researchers have shed light on another aspect of whale behavior: Playing with kelp (巨藻) they find floating in the ocean—moving it between their fins， rolling around with it， and， most interestingly， wearing it atop their heads like a hat．
精深阅读
This behavior—called kelping—has been described in a new study as a “global phenomenon”． There’s no doubt kelping looks fun． But could it have another purpose Olaf Meynecke， research fellow at Griffith University and co author of the study， thinks so—especially considering that whales can keep it up for 30 to 40 minutes．
What’s particularly intriguing about kelping is the way that humpbacks from different populations—in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres—all prefer to wear seaweed on the top of their heads， says Meynecke． They place kelp on their forehead in over half the recorded instances． Baleen species are believed to like having their heads scratched—gray whales are known for approaching whale watching boats for a tickle on the nose． Because whales don’t have hands to scratch themselves， like we do， Meynecke suggests “they might seek out other tactile sensations that just feel good”．
Whales might also be treating kelp like a cleansing face mask， as seaweed has antimicrobial qualities that can reduce levels of bacteria． Rubbing kelp across their bodies may also remove parasites (寄生物) and shed bacterial and viral growths to prevent them getting completely overgrown with sea lice (虱) and skin infections， says Meynecke．
The study has caught the attention of researchers globally， and Meynecke’s mailbox has been flooded with people who have also seen kelping． “Someone from Tahiti was like， ‘We see it all the time，’” he says． Now the phenomenon has been highlighted globally， which could lead to further research into the behavior， its benefits， and even if other species do it．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于座头鲸与巨藻互动的研究。
1．What can we learn about humpback whales
A．They migrate alone every year．
B．They are naughty and good at sports．
C．They have an ear for music．
D．They cooperate closely while hunting．
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Humpback whales are well known for ... that trap their prey．”可知，座头鲸在捕猎时会合作制造气泡网来捕获猎物。故选D。
2．What does the underlined word “intriguing” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Dangerous． B．Fascinating．
C．Optimistic． D．Worthwhile．
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“What's particularly ... on the top of their heads”可知，南北半球不同种群的座头鲸都喜欢把巨藻戴在头顶，这一现象是令人感兴趣的。由此可知，画线词意为“吸引人的，令人感兴趣的”，与fascinating同义。故选B。
3．What function does seaweed possess according to Paragraph 4
A．Resisting bacteria． B．Removing dirt from the skin．
C．Enhancing immune system． D．Preventing the growth of parasites．
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Whales might also be treating ... reduce levels of bacteria．”可知，巨藻具有抗菌特性，能够减少细菌数量。故选A。
4．What might be talked about next in the article
A．Explore the benefit of kelping．
B．Analyze the harm of kelp to whales．
C．Research into other species' behavior．
D．Advocate for the protection of marine animals．
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now the phenomenon ... other species do it．”可知，这种现象在全球范围内引起了注意，这可能会促使人们进一步研究这种行为及其益处，由此可推知，接下来文章可能会讨论探索座头鲸与巨藻互动这一行为的好处。故选A。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．_________ v． (随季节变化)迁徙；迁移
2．____________ vi． 合作；协作
3．aspect n．_____________
4．_________ v． 挠(痒处)；抓破，抓伤
5．remove vt．______________________
migrate
collaborate
方面；层面
scratch
去除；移开；脱去
(二)高频短语
6．shed light on______________
7．___________ 追寻到；找到
8．catch the attention of________________
9．_______________ 充满；被淹没
10．______ 导致；通向
阐明，解释
seek out
引起……的注意
be flooded with
lead to
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．Scientists are studying various natural _____________(phenomenon) to better understand the world around us．
2．The _________(grow) of technology has significantly impacted the way we live and work．
3．Climate change is a _________(global) pressing issue that requires the cooperation of all nations to address effectively．
phenomena
growth
globally
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．The garden was left unattended for too long， resulting in an overgrown mess of weeds and tangled vines．________
5．She co authored a successful book on sustainable living practices， which gained widespread popularity among environmentally conscious readers．______
6．The report highlights the major problems facing society today．____________
_________
蔓生的
合著
突出；强调；使注意
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．The ancient ruins of the city were incredibly captivating， drawing visitors from all over the world．____________
2．Her intention was clear from the outset; she had a definite aim in mind for her project．__________
3．The athlete made a sudden jump， soaring over the bar in a breathtaking display of skill．_______
fascinating
purpose， leap， fascinate
purpose
leap
(六)长难句分析
Now， researchers have shed light on another aspect of whale behavior: Playing with kelp (巨藻) they find floating in the ocean—moving it between their fins， rolling around with it， and， most interestingly， wearing it atop their heads like a hat．
句意：现在，研究者已经揭示了鲸鱼行为的另一个方面，即它们会与它们发现的漂浮在海中的巨藻玩耍——在它们的鳍之间舞动巨藻、围着巨藻翻滚，最有趣的是，将巨藻像帽子一样戴在头上。
分析：主干是___________________________________；现在分词短语Playing ... like a hat为another aspect of whale behavior的________；they find floating in the ocean是_______从句，修饰______。
researchers have shed ... whale behavior
同位语
定语
kelp
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．Nothing _______________________________(阻止他说出) against injustice．
2．Humans ______________(被认为) be tied to nature．
(八)仿写句子
These mysterious animals migrate thousands of miles every year， sing charming songs， leap from the water in an enormous breach， and collaborate while hunting—creating bubble nets that trap their prey．(状语从句的省略)
仿写：这台旧机器在使用前必须检查一下。
_______________________________________________
would prevent him from speaking out
are believed to
The old machine must be checked before being used．
课后课时作业（二）
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 难度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
(2024·广东省广州市天河外国语学校高二下月考)Are you looking for a place to spend a holiday Here are two great beaches for you to consider．
Yasawa Island Beach， Fiji
The Yasawa Islands are popular for unspoiled (未经破坏的) beaches and clear bluegreen waters． Many mountains stand nearby as well． They offer people a much needed break from their busy lives． With natural beauty and a lot of sunshine， the islands have become a perfect place to relax． Popular with backpackers， the South Pacific islands also offer many activities such as sailing， visiting local villages and enjoying an evening on the beach with campfires and barbecues． In particular， the Yasawa Island Beach is an affordable relaxing place for tourists．
Eagle Beach， Aruba
Even if you are not one of many American students taking a break from the stresses of college life， you have probably heard people talk about the island—how it offers wild adventures and relaxing activities． No one can say “no” to its Caribbean charm (魅力)． In particular， if you have been to Eagle Beach， you will never regret the trip to Aruba． Like an eagle that spreads its wings widely， the beach is known for its long coastline． The Eagle Beach is also known for its soft white sands and clear waters． However， what you can see is not just a wide view of sand and sea． If you’re lucky， you can observe sea turtle hatchlings (幼崽) as they make their way to the ocean．
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了两处适合度假的海滩。
1．What are the Yasawa Islands popular for
A．Beaches and waters．
B．Campfires and barbecues．
C．Warm weather all the year round．
D．Different kinds of exciting activities．
解析：细节理解题。根据Yasawa Island Beach， Fiji部分中的“The Yasawa Islands are popular for unspoiled (未经破坏的) beaches and clear bluegreen waters．”可知，Yasawa群岛因海滩和水域而受欢迎。故选A。
2．What can be inferred about the Aruba Island
A．People often talk about the island．
B．The island's charm is widely known．
C．American students often go to the island．
D．The wild adventures are attractive to the locals．
解析：推理判断题。根据Eagle Beach， Aruba部分中的“Even if you are not ... its Caribbean charm (魅力)．”可推知，Aruba Island的魅力广为人知。故选B。
3．The Eagle Beach is most probably a popular place for ．
A．people to hold parties B．sea turtles to lay eggs
C．birds to look for food D．eagles to have a rest
解析：推理判断题。根据Eagle Beach， Aruba部分中的“If you're lucky， you can observe sea turtle hatchlings (幼崽) as they make their way to the ocean．”可推知，Eagle Beach很可能是海龟喜欢产卵的地方。故选B。
B
(2024·山东省枣庄市滕州市高二下期中)Polar bears normally need sea ice to hunt seals， but an isolated group of polar bears living on the mountainous coast of southeast Greenland have figured out how to make a living， even though the sea ice there melts away early in the year．
These bears have found a way to supplement their limited sea ice supply by hunting on freshwater ice that comes from glaciers on land． The glacial ice falls off in pieces into fjords， where the pieces get together into a floating platform that the polar bears use to catch seals， according to a report in the journal Science．
Climate change is making sea ice more and more scarce． Loss of sea ice is “the primary threat to polar bears，” says Kristin Laidre of the University of Washington， lead author of the new study． But， she says， this new work suggests some bears might be able to cope with a decreased amount of sea ice—at least for a while—in places like Greenland where they can take advantage of floating glacier ice．
While local people have long known that bears live in southeast Greenland， it’s a remote， challenging environment that’s not frequented by humans． “It’s a coastline with huge mountain peaks， lots of winds， extreme conditions and plenty of fogs，” says Laidre， who has spent years working with colleagues to survey polar bears living on Greenland’s 1，800 mile long east coast．
To see what they could find in southeast Greenland， the team had to take helicopters from the nearest settlement and fly for two hours in a straight line to the coast． “We arrived in these fjords， very isolated fjords， and there's essentially no sea ice or very poor sea ice offshore，” says Laidre， explaining that the researchers expected to find few bears．
“But there were a lot of bears in these fjords，” she says． “It was clearly just a unique habitat．”
The sea ice persisted in these fjords for only around a hundred days a year， she notes， meaning that bears don’t have much time to use it as a hunting ground．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候变化导致海冰减少，生活在格陵兰岛东南部的一群北极熊找到了一种新的狩猎方式：利用从陆地冰川落入峡湾的淡水冰来捕捉海豹。
4．What does the underlined word “supplement” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Keep up with． B．Look forward to．
C．Look down on． D．Make up for．
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中画线词所在句“These bears have found ... glaciers on land．”可知，北极熊通过在来自陆地冰川的淡水冰上狩猎来补充其有限的海冰供应。由此可知，supplement 意为“补充”，与 make up for 意思相近。故选D。
5．What will happen to pieces of glacial ice after falling off
A．They will form various fjords．
B．They will exist in fjords for only two hundred years．
C．They will gather to be a platform for polar bears to hunt．
D．They will float into cold places and never disappear．
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The glacial ice falls off ... the polar bears use to catch seals”可知，冰川冰破碎成碎片落入峡湾，这些碎片聚集在一起形成一个浮动平台，北极熊用它来捕捉海豹。故选C。
6．What is the environment like in southeast Greenland
A．Severe． B．Crowded．
C．Pleasant． D．Windless．
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，格陵兰岛东南部是一个遥远、充满挑战的环境，那里有巨大的山峰、狂风、极端天气和大量的雾。由此可推知，格陵兰岛东南部的环境很恶劣。故选A。
7．What is the text mainly about
A．Polar bears are on the edge of dying out．
B．Polar bears have another way to hunt with little sea ice．
C．Polar bears no longer need sea ice to hunt seals．
D．Polar bears can replace sea water with fresh water．
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了北极熊在海冰减少的情况下，如何利用陆地冰川落入峡湾的淡水冰来捕猎。故选B。
Ⅱ　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·江苏省连云港市东海、灌云和灌南三校高二下联考)When Mary entered the south Pole Penguin Research Lab， she saw her friend Tom gently stroking (轻抚) a penguin in his arms． As children of the lab scientists， Mary and Tom often observed the emperor penguins that were studied to understand how they adapted to extreme temperatures—insights that could aid human survival．
“We're thirteen， Tom． It's time to grow up and stop playing with the lab penguins，” said Mary as she started cleaning． “They're research animals， not pets．”
“But the birds listen to me！” insisted Tom， his breath forming a cloud in the freezing air． “You’re just trying to be a penguin whisperer again，” Mary replied， shaking her head with a gentle smile． The penguins seemed playful as they walked， dove， swam and chased their live fish for sport before eating．
Suddenly， an alarm rang out and red lights flashed， signaling a problem． The kids rushed over to look into it． “It's colder than before—there's ice forming on the water，” noted Tom． Though always cold， Mary had never seen ice here before． She checked the habitat monitor and found that the temperature had gone down a lot． “The heater must be broken！”
Mary quickly sent a message to their parents’ research team， who were conducting outdoor studies． With the adults away， the kids would have to deal with the freezing conditions until help arrived．
Time dragged as Mary and Tom anxiously waited． The increasing cold caused them to shake． “I wonder what emperor penguins do in extreme cold， since they stay in the Pole all winter instead of going somewhere warmer，” asked Mary． “They huddle (挤作一团)，” Tom answered． “They huddle together tightly so that the birds in the middle will be warm enough．” “What about the ones on the edge？” Mary asked． “They push their way towards the center， and then move back out to the edge， and struggle back again． Scientists in the early 21st century recorded it．” He replied as he stared at the large crowd of the penguins in the lab．
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“I have an idea to stay warm！” Tom shouted excitedly． ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Two and a half hours later， the parents returned with help．﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Mary (玛丽)和Tom (汤姆)是科学家的孩子，他们经常和实验室的企鹅待在一起。一天孩子们发现供暖系统出现故障，而大人们都外出做研究了，他们做了些什么保护措施？大人们急匆匆赶回来时，孩子们和帝企鹅们怎么样？
[精彩范文]
“I have an idea to stay warm！” Tom shouted excitedly． Spreading his arms， he suggested joining the penguin huddles． Worried that the penguins wouldn’t let them， Mary hesitated but was soon persuaded by Tom’s assuring grin． He slowly approached the crowded penguins， crouching down． Gently stroking them with care， he whispered softly． Though startled at first， the penguins recognized Tom and let him into their group． Mary quickly followed． The children squeezed into the huddle’s edge with the penguins． Just as the birds did， they moved toward the middle and back out as the group shifted．
Two and a half hours later， the parents returned with help． Rushing in calling for the kids， they were surprised． The children were safely surrounded by Emperors in a large bundle． When asked how they stayed warm， the kids looked at each other proudly． “We used what the Emperor Penguins do，” they told their parents． Mary patted Tom’s shoulder with admiration， calling him a penguin whisperer． With a big smile， Tom gave credit to the penguins who taught them a lot． Their teamwork had seen them through the difficult cold with the penguins’ aid．
精深阅读
(2024·安徽省蚌埠铁路中学高二下月考)The ocean is a huge body of saltwater that covers about 71 percent of Earth’s surface． An estimated 97 percent of the world’s water is found in the ocean． Because of this， the ocean has a considerable impact on weather， temperature， and the food supply of humans and other organisms． Despite its size and impact on the lives of every organism on Earth， the ocean remains a mystery． More than 80 percent of the ocean has never been mapped， explored， or even seen by humans． A far greater percentage of the surfaces of the moon and the planet Mars have been mapped and studied than that of our own ocean floor．
Although there is much more to learn， oceanographers (海洋学家) have already made some amazing discoveries． For example， we know that the ocean contains towering mountain ranges and deep canyons， known as trenches (海沟)， just like those on land． The peak of the world’s tallest mountain—Mount Everest in the Himalayas， measuring 8．84 kilometers (5．49 miles) high—would not even break the surface of the water if it was placed in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench or Philippine Trench， two of the deepest parts of the ocean． On the other hand， the Atlantic Ocean is relatively shallow because large parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves—parts of the continents that extend far out into the ocean． The average depth of the entire ocean is 3，720 meters (12，200 feet)．
It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home． It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean’s species are still undiscovered， with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered． Currently， scientists know of around 226，000 ocean species． Since the ocean is so vast， there is plenty for future oceanographers from all corners of the globe to explore and discover．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对海洋知之甚少，海洋的众多奥秘仍需要科学家去探究。
1．Why does the author mention the research on the moon and Mars in Paragraph 1
A．To emphasize the wide impact of the ocean．
B．To show how scientists do space exploration．
C．To prove people's deep fascination with space．
D．To stress how little humans know about the ocean．
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“More than 80 percent ... than that of our own ocean floor．(超过80%的海洋从未被人类测绘和探索过，甚至从未被人类看到过。对月球和火星表面进行测绘和研究的比例远远高于我们自己的海底。)”可推知，作者在第一段提到对月球和火星的探索，是为了突出人类对海洋知之甚少。故选D。
2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．Physical features of the seafloor．
B．Scientists' discoveries about the ocean．
C．Varieties of landforms on the Earth．
D．Similarities between the land and sea．
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，海洋学家已经发现海洋也有高耸的山脉和被称为海沟的峡谷。大西洋海底的大部分由大陆架组成。整个海洋的平均深度为3，720米。由此可知，本段主要介绍了海洋学家关于海洋的发现。故选B。
3．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．Ocean exploration has great potential．
B．The number of ocean species is declining．
C．Ocean pollution has become more serious．
D．Oceanographers need to do more to protect the ocean．
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Since the ocean is so vast ... to explore and discover．(由于海洋如此广阔，未来来自世界各地的海洋学家有很多东西可以探索和发现。)”可推知，海洋勘探具有巨大的潜力。故选A。
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．A Big Discovery in the Deep Sea
B．The Ocean: A Mystery to Mankind
C．A Challenging Exploration of the Sea
D．The Ocean: A Vast Home to Sea Animals
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了人类对海洋知之甚少，海洋的众多奥秘仍需要海洋学家去探索研究，B项(海洋：对人类而言是个谜)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．_________ vt． 估计；估算；估价
2．considerable adj．_________________________
3．map vt．_________________　n．_______
4．shallow adj．________________
5．______ n． 深度；向下(或向里)距离
estimate
相当大的；相当重要的
绘制……的地图
地图
浅的，不深的
depth
(二)高频短语
6．_________________ 对……有影响
7．__________ 超过；非常
8．_____________ 被称为
9．_______________ 另一方面；相反地
10．extend out____________
have an impact on
more than
(be) known as
on the other hand
向外延伸
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．He sees no signs of improvement in the UK and _____________(continent) economy．
2．My mother was an __________(amaze) woman and she raised four of us kids all by herself．
3．The smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen feet in _______(deep)．
continental
amazing
depth
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．Many of these species have vanished or are facing extinction．_______
5．A vast crowd turned out to watch the procession．__________________
6．The oil well extended several hundreds of feet deep．______
物种
巨大的；庞大的
延伸
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage．________
2．The first two floors of the building possess retail space and a restaurant．________
3．I have never heard such nonsense in my whole life！_______
estimate
entire， estimate， contain
contain
entire
(六)长难句分析
It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean's species are still undiscovered， with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered．
句意：可能有超过90%的海洋物种仍未被发现，一些科学家估计，还有几十万到几百万种海洋物种有待发现。
分析：主干是_______________；第一个that引导______从句；第二个that引导______从句，作estimating的______。
It could be that ...
表语
宾语
宾语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．There is little doubt that man __________________________________(已经对地球气候有影响)．
2．An approach ________________________(被称为系统思维) is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges．
(八)仿写句子
It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home．(主语从句)
仿写：她是否能得到这份工作还值得怀疑。
___________________________________________
has had an impact on the Earth's climate
known as systems thinking
It is doubtful whether she will get this job．

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