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英语　选择性必修·第四册［RJ］
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
一、构词法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
ex 出，向外 extend， exclude， examine， example， exact
ate 做某事，……的状态，性质，特性 negotiate， facilitate， corporate， advocate， alternate
al 表示行为、状态；形容词词尾，……的；与……相关的；朝向；表示加强 royal， rival， survival， central， digital
ue 名词后缀 league， issue， avenue， clue， value
二、根据英文释义写出单词
1．negotiate　to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion
2．channel　a deep passage of water in a river or near the coast that can be used as route for ships
3．bond　something that forms a connection between people or groups
4．extend　to make sth longer or larger
5．maritime　connected with the sea or ships
6．fleet　a group of military ships commanded by the same person
7．behold　to look at or see sb/sth
8．royal　connected with or belonging to the king or queen of a country
——Discover useful structures——
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．tournament n． 锦标赛；联赛
2．laptop n． 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
3．press conference 记者招待会；新闻发布会
4．submersible n． 潜水器；可潜船
5．capsule n． 胶囊；太空舱
6．coral n． 珊瑚
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．politics n． 政治；政治观点
2．applaud vt．& vi． 鼓掌　vt． 称赞；赞赏
3．tax vt． 对……征税；使纳税　n． 税；税款
4．underwater adv． 在水下　adj． 水下的
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．profession n． 职业；行业→professional adj． 专业的；职业的　n． 专业人员，专家→professionally adv． 专业地；内行地→professor n． 教授
2．mixture n． 混合；结合体；混合物→mix v． 混合；融合
3．coverage n． 新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover v． 报道；覆盖；行走一段路程；足够支付
4．manned adj． 有人控制的；需人操纵的→man n． 人；男人；人类
写出下列句子中的动词不定式(短语)及其语法作用
1．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level， the national parks， in particular， tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety． to catch our attention；作宾语
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it． to wake up those；作表语
3．He is always the first to come and the last to leave． to come，to leave；作后置定语
4．To enjoy a more spectacular sight， you must climb to a greater height．To enjoy a more spectacular sight；作目的状语
5．To maintain a healthy lifestyle is important for overall well being．To maintain a healthy lifestyle；作主语
6．The teacher asked the student to finish his homework before leaving the classroom． to finish his homework；作宾语补足语
探究一　热词
1．applaud vt．& vi． 鼓掌　vt． 称赞；赞赏(教材P29)
applause n． 掌声；鼓掌 applaud one's success 为某人的成功喝彩 applaud sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事赞赏某人 thunderous applause 雷鸣般的掌声 a round of applause 一阵掌声 burst into applause 爆发出掌声
①We should applaud the authorities for their vision and decision to build parks instead of skyscrapers in or close to the city centers．
我们应该赞扬当局的远见和决定，在市中心或市中心附近建造公园，而不是摩天大楼。
②They greeted him with thunderous applause．
他们以雷鸣般的掌声欢迎了他。
③This hard earned accomplishment deserves a hearty round of applause．
这一来之不易的成就值得一阵热烈的掌声。
④The audience burst into spontaneous applause．
观众自发地鼓起掌来。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①We applaud our members for the solidarity shown in this matter．
②There was tremendous applause (applaud) when the curtain came down．
【学会表达】完成句子
③她每次演唱的时候，都会有一阵特别热烈的掌声。
There is always a good round of applause every time she sings．
2．profession n． 职业；行业→professional adj． 专业的；职业的　n． 专业人员，专家→professionally adv． 专业地；内行地→professor n． 教授
My father chose a profession as a professor， and he has become a highly respected professional in his field．
我父亲选择了成为一名教授的职业，并且他在自己的领域里已经成了一位备受尊敬的专业人士。
3．mixture n． 混合；结合体；混合物→mix v． 混合；融合
I carefully mixed the ingredients together to create the perfect mixture for the cake．
我小心地把原料混合在一起，以制作蛋糕的完美混合物。
4．coverage n． 新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover v． 报道；覆盖；行走一段路程；足够支付
The news report provided extensive coverage of the event， ensuring that all aspects of the story were covered．
新闻报道对这个事件进行了广泛的报道，确保故事的各个方面都被涵盖。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She has a very professional (profession) attitude towards her work， always striving for excellence．
②The chef created a unique dish by combining a mixture (mix) of traditional and modern flavors．
③The media provided comprehensive coverage (cover) of the election results， ensuring that the public was well informed．
【学会表达】完成句子
④她很专业地进行了这次采访，提出了深思熟虑的问题，并始终保持着尊重的态度。
She conducted the interview professionally， asking thoughtful questions and maintaining a respectful demeanor throughout．
探究二　动词不定式(复习)
动词不定式：不定式是英语动词的非谓语形式之一，形式上由“to＋动词原形”构成。不定式仍保留着动词的部分特性，可以带宾语和状语构成不定式短语，有时态和语态的变化。
语法点1　用法
(1)作主语
1)不定式(短语)在句首作主语
不定式(短语)作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。
①To make you understand him completely is impossible．
让你们完全了解他是不可能的。
②To remember to switch off the electricity is important．
重要的是要记住关掉电源。
2)用it作形式主语
不定式、特别是不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往把主语放在句子末尾，用it代替不定式(短语)作形式主语。
①It is impossible to make you understand him completely．
让你们完全了解他是不可能的。
②It's important to remember to switch off the electricity．
重要的是要记住关掉电源。
　在以it为形式主语的句子中，它所代表的真正主语有时用不定式复合结构，而不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出。 如果句中作表语的形容词表示事物的性质，如important， necessary， possible， easy， difficult， hard， heavy等，用for引出。如果句中作表语的形容词表示人的特征、品德或意愿，如kind， honest， careless， lazy， stupid， generous， cruel， willing， reluctant， deliberate等，则用of引出。 It is impossible for us to get there before lunch． 我们在午餐前赶到那里是不可能的。 It's careless of her to notice nothing of it． 她很粗心，什么都没注意到。
(2)作表语
1)主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一个是条件，一个是结果)
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people．
善待敌人，就是对人民残酷。
②To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe．
那样做就是削足适履。
2)主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， intention， mistake， plan， proposal， job， suggestion等为中心词的名词短语或what引导的名词性从句，后面的不定式说明其内容。
①My idea is to climb the mountain from the north．
我的想法是从北面爬山。
②What I would suggest is to start work at once．
我的建议是立刻开始工作。
　在某些句型中，当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号“to”可以省略。 All we have to do is push the button． 我们只要按一下按钮就行了。 The only thing I can do now is go on by myself． 我现在唯一能做的事情就是靠自己继续进行下去。
(3)作宾语
1)不定式用作宾语时相当于名词，放在某些及物动词之后。这类常见的及物动词有：afford， agree， aim， appear， apply， arrange， ask， attempt， want， decide等。
①All the competitors agree to observe the spirit of fair play in all of the games．
所有参赛者都同意在所有比赛中遵循公平竞争的精神。
②He had decided to return after receiving the letter from Bill．
收到比尔的信后，他便决定回来。
2)用作宾语的动词不定式有时可以带上疑问词how， where， who， when， which， why， what， whether等一起构成不定式短语。后接这种结构的常见动词有：ask， consider， decide， discuss， explain， forget， inquire， know， learn， remember等。
①We learned how to create and register a new web page．
我们学会了新网页的制作和注册方法。
②He didn't know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words．
听了这话，他啼笑皆非。
　用作宾语的不定式后面如果有补语，可以用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置于补语之后，以免宾语太长使句子显得不协调。在这种用法中，常见的动词有think， feel， make， find， consider， count， judge， believe， take等。 She thought it unnecessary to quarrel with him over trifles． 她认为没必要为小事跟他争吵。 I took it an honor to have been invited to the meeting． 我很荣幸应邀出席这次会议。
(4)作定语
1)不定式作定语通常位于被修饰的名词(短语)之后，说明被修饰词的特征。
①Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices
你们能否想出一个应对日益上涨的物价的好办法？
②A letter from Clare gave her an excuse to leave．
克莱尔的一封来信给了她一个离开的借口。
2)如果不定式和被修饰的具体名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，则不定式多半表示未来的动作，翻译时需在不定式前加“要”字。
①We have three machines to repair today．
我们今天有三台机器要修理。
②Would you like something to drink
你要喝点什么吗？
3)在处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是不及物动词，其后要加一个结构上或含义上所需的介词。
①Jack is a pleasant fellow to work with．
杰克是一个很好共事的人。
②John is the best man to consult about the matter with．
约翰是可以与之商量此事的最佳人选。
(5)作状语
1)用作目的状语——可位于句首或句末。有时，为了强调目的，特别是当不定式前有否定词not时，通常在不定式前加上in order或so as。前者可位于句首或句末，后者只能位于句末。
①We use electrical energy to do many things．
我们能用电做许多事情。
②We talked quietly so as not to be overheard．
我们低声交谈，以免别人听到。
2)用作结果状语——不定式作结果状语通常位于句末，且常与only， never等连用，不定式的逻辑主语往往是句子的主语。能直接用其不定式作结果状语的动词常见的有find， hear， see， give， learn， make， produce等。
①I reached the station only to find that my train had already left．
我到了车站，却发现我要搭乘的火车已经开走了。
②After the war they parted company， never to see each other again．
战后他们分道扬镳，从此再也没见过面。
　(1)在“too＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，不定式表示结果。这类句子在形式上是肯定的，但在内容上是否定的，意为“太……以至于不能……”。 This material is too expensive to use in everyday life． 这种材料太昂贵，不能用于日常生活中。 Amanda is far too young to get married． 阿曼达还太小，不能结婚。 (2)用于enough或“so＋形容词或副词＋as”或“such＋名词＋as”之后的不定式(短语)表示结果，一般放在句末。 The auditorium is spacious enough to hold five thousand people． 礼堂很宽敞，足以容纳五千人。 I'm not so desperate as to agree to that． 我还没绝望到要同意这一点的地步。
3)用作原因状语——形式与目的状语相似。区分标志是：表示目的，不定式前可加in order或so as， 不定式的动作后于谓语动词的动作；表示原因，则不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。
(6)作宾语补足语
1)不定式作宾语补足语时，通常跟在某些及物动词的宾语之后，对宾语作进一步的补充说明，并与该宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这类及物动词常见的有：advise， allow， ask， want， beg， cause， consider， command， compel， drive， encourage等。
①I wanted something to happen to me， but nothing happened．
我希望我身上会发生些什么，可是什么都没发生。
②I know nothing about him and I beg you to tell me nothing．
他的情况我并不知道，我也请求您别告诉我。
2)使役动词如let， make， have等和感官动词(短语)如see， watch， perceive， observe， notice， hear， feel， look at， listen to等用于主动语态时，作其宾语补足语的不定式需省略to。
①She let her hand fall from his arm and said no more．
她放开他的胳膊，没再说什么。
②He saw the car drive up outside the police station．
他看到那辆车开到了警察局外面。
3)在某些表示心理状态的动词如believe， find， consider， prove， suppose， think， know， understand， judge， guess， declare， take， deny等后，作宾语补足语的不定式往往是“to be＋其他”。这时，这些不定式中的to be通常可省略。
①We found the answer (to be) correct．
我们发现这个答案是对的。
②They declared themselves (to be) for the plan．
他们宣称自己赞成这个计划。
语法点2　时态和语态
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态上的变化。
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing —
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing —
(1)不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后；不定式的一般被动式表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，而不是发出者。
①They were expected to do the impossible．
他们被期待去做不可能的事。
②This shirt needs to be washed．
这件衬衫该洗了。
(2)不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，而且正在进行。
I'm very glad to be working with Alan．
和艾伦一起工作，我感到很高兴。
(3)不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词或特定的时间之前；不定式的完成被动式表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者。
①The team doesn't seem to have clicked yet．
这支队伍好像还没有配合默契。
②She claims to have been dismissed unfairly．
她声称遭到无理解雇。
(4)不定式的完成进行式强调不定式表示的动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到某一时刻，强调动作的持续性，而不强调结果。
The Smiths is said to have been living in Thailand for 25 years．
据说史密斯一家已经在泰国生活25年了。
　不定式通常以固定短语的形式构成独立成分，在句中用作插入语(也称评注性状语)，对全句作附加说明，表示说话人对所说的话的看法或态度。作插入语的不定式常见的有：to begin with， to be fair， to be frank， to conclude等。 To begin with， we must consider the problem in an all round way． 首先，我们必须全面地考虑这个问题。 To conclude， his coming here is a great help to us． 总之，他来到这里对我们帮助很大。
(1)单句语法填空
①It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get (get) the ball rolling．
②There are lots of ways to raise (raise) awareness for a cause．
③She is known to have been dealing (deal) with the problems for many years．
④Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze (analyze) your short and long term objectives， keeping in mind your beliefs， values and strengths．
⑤We were in high spirits to hear (hear) the words of our teacher's encouragement．
(2)完成句子
①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)缓解游客过多的目的地压力的最好方法是去其他地方。
The best way to ease pressure on over touristed destinations is to go somewhere else．
②她还找了牙医，了解更多关于牙齿清洁方面的知识。
She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning．
③读书满足了我不断学习的愿望。
Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning．
④我打算参加明天举办的会议。
I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow．
⑤鉴于该地区的受欢迎度，事先预订旅馆或露营地是可取的。
Because of the popularity of the region， it is advisable to book hotels or campsites in advance．
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列词缀的含义及例词
1． al→表示行为、状态；……的；与……相关的；朝向→royal， rival
2． ue→名词后缀→league， issue
3． ate→做某事，……的状态，性质，特性→negotiate， corporate
4．ex →出，向外→extend， examine
(二)选词填空
tax， motivate， coverage， profession， politics
1．Politics plays a crucial role in shaping the policies that affect people's daily lives．
2．The speaker's inspiring words motivated the audience to take action for change．
3．The government has proposed a new tax reform plan aimed at reducing the burden on low income families．
4．The health insurance plan offers comprehensive coverage for both inpatient and outpatient treatments．
5．Choosing the right profession is a decision that can significantly impact one's life path．
维度二　语法运用
(三)单句语法填空
1．To learn (learn) a new language is a challenging but rewarding experience．
2．She decided to travel (travel) around the world before settling down．
3．I have a book to read (read) before bed every night．
4．I applaud her for having the courage to refuse．
5．My goal for this year is to improve (improve) my fitness．
维度三　素养提升
(四)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．为了赶上第一班火车，他起得很早。
He got up early (in order) to catch the first train．
2．老师鼓励那个害羞的学生多参与课堂讨论。
The teacher encouraged the shy student to participate more in class discussions．
3．经过数月的努力学习，他最终以优异的成绩成功地通过了那门很难的考试。
After studying hard for months， he finally managed to pass the difficult exam with flying colors．
(五)翻译
1．她的人生目标是环游世界，体验不同的文化。
Her goal in life is to travel the world and experience different cultures．
2．人们发现她在音乐创作方面极有天赋。
She was found to be extremely talented in music composition．
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·安徽省泗水第一中学高二下月考)Growing up in coastal Maine， Lynda Doughty spent lots of time out on the sea． There she often saw whales， seals and other marine (海洋的) animals． She developed a(n) __1__ for the wildlife living along the coast．
“I remember being so amazed by them and __2__ what was happening in their life，” Doughty said．
She also __3__ that their livelihood was influenced by pollution and other human related activities． She wanted to do something to __4__ these animals．
So she became a marine __5__ and worked with organisations that provided help for sick and injured sea animals． But as many nonprofits (非营利机构) closed their doors， Doughty decided to step in．
In 2011， she __6__ her nonprofit， Marine Mammals of Maine， and has since provided help and medical care for more than 3，000 sea animals．
However， things became more difficult later， but they couldn't __7__—the animals __8__， needed their help．
“We were so nervous of how we would __9__ as a nonprofit in uncertain times，” Doughty said． “__10__， our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals．”
When another New England based marine animal rescue program __11__ its animal care， Doughty's work became more __12__ than ever．
“We could no longer take any __13__ to their rescue center and there were not enough rehabilitation (康复) places for these animals． Actually， we were really __14__ and there was more pressure for our center to stay open，” Doughty said．
“I feel this strong __15__ to help these animals，” Doughty said． “This is what I was put on the earth to do．”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了海洋生物学家Lynda Doughty (琳达·道蒂)为保护海洋动物创立了非营利组织，致力于救助受伤海洋生物的故事。
1．A．habit B．taste
C．love D．approach
答案：C
解析：根据前文“Growing up in coastal Maine”和后文“I remember being ．．． happening in their life”可知，她自小在海边长大，对这些动物感到好奇，说明她热爱这些动物。故选C。
2．A．dreaming B．wondering
C．estimating D．approving
答案：B
解析：dream梦想；wonder好奇；estimate估计；approve批准。根据前文“I remember being so amazed by them”可知，她对海洋动物的生活感到惊奇，所以会对这些动物生活中所发生的事情感到好奇。故选B。
3．A．recognised B．imagined
C．doubted D．noticed
答案：D
解析：recognise认出；imagine想象；doubt怀疑；notice注意到。根据后文“She wanted to do something”可知，她想要采取行动，说明她已经注意到了动物们的生活已经受到了污染和其他与人类相关的活动的影响。故选D。
4．A．protect B．attract
C．evolve D．prevent
答案：A
解析：protect保护；attract吸引；evolve进化；prevent阻止。根据前文“their livelihood was influenced by pollution and other human related activities”可知，她看到了这些受到污染和人类活动影响的动物，所以她想要做些事情去保护它们。故选A。
5．A．chemist B．biologist
C．linguist D．psychologist
答案：B
解析：根据前文“marine”和后文“worked with organisations ．．． injured sea animals”可知，她的工作与生物学相关，所以她成了一名海洋生物学家。故选B。
6．A．set out B．gave out
C．set up D．gave up
答案：C
解析：set out出发；give out分发；set up建立；give up放弃。根据后文“her nonprofit， Marine Mammals of Maine”可知，她建立了一个非营利组织。故选C。
7．A．go back B．wipe out
C．come along D．slow down
答案：D
解析：go back返回；wipe out彻底摧毁；come along一起来，进展；slow down放慢。根据前文“things became more difficult later， but they couldn't”可知，尽管有困难，但他们不能停止帮助动物，即不能放慢帮助动物的脚步。故选D。
8．A．already B．still
C．even D．just
答案：B
解析：根据前文“they couldn't __7__”可知，他们还不能放松，因为动物仍然需要他们的帮助。故选B。
9．A．survive B．capture
C．occupy D．quit
答案：A
解析：survive生存；capture捕获；occupy占据；quit停止，退出。根据后文“our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals”可知，他们的团队依然存在，而且还能继续发挥功能，说明刚开始她担心的是非营利组织的生存问题。故选A。
10．A．Normally B．Hopefully
C．Naturally D．Luckily
答案：D
解析：句意：幸运的是，我们的团队很坚强，我们能够继续帮助动物。 normally通常；hopefully有希望地；naturally自然地；luckily幸运地。故选D。
11．A．started B．stopped
C．continued D．forgot
答案：B
解析：根据后文“Doughty's work became more __12__ than ever”可知，Doughty的工作显得格外重要起来，是因为有一个海洋动物援救项目停止了运作。故选B。
12．A．generous B．delightful
C．crucial D．terrifying
答案：C
解析：generous慷慨的；delightful高兴的；crucial至关重要的；terrifying可怕的。根据前文“When another New England based ．．． its animal care”可知，Doughty的工作在这个时候显得尤为重要。故选C。
13．A．employers B．partners
C．experts D．animals
答案：D
解析：根据后文“to their rescue center”可知，此处指的是动物。故选D。
14．A．assisted B．encouraged
C．needed D．impressed
答案：C
解析：assist协助；encourage鼓励；need需要；impress给……留下深刻的好印象。根据后文“there was more pressure for our center to stay open”可知，他们的救援中心压力更大了，因为动物们的确很需要Doughty团队的帮助。故选C。
15．A．responsibility B．ability
C．personality D．chance
答案：A
解析：responsibility责任；ability能力；personality个性；chance机会。根据后文“This is what I was put on the earth to do．”可知，她感到自己有责任去做这件事。故选A。
Ⅱ　七选五
(2024·河北省唐山市路北区高二下期中)There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow water fish as a result of overfishing． People still want to eat fish， so the fishing industry must look at other sources， especially the deep waters of the Atlantic． __1__
Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep sea fish are to survive． Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent． __2__ Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues． These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years．
The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years． Deep sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years． __3__ The average size of such fish also declined， with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size． This is of particular concern， as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones．
__4__ The deep sea species have been caught as if they were the fast breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring． It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits．
The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment． Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry． __5__ Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems， but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security．
A．Billions of people rely on fish for protein．
B．Many people now choose not to eat deep sea fish．
C．Unfortunately， their reproduction rate is very low．
D．This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”．
E．None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry．
F．Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife．
G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于过度捕捞，浅水鱼类的数量已经严重下降以及由此导致的后果。
1．答案：G
解析：根据上文“People still want to ．．． the deep waters of the Atlantic．”可知，G项(这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降。)承接上文，说明以上做法导致的不良影响。故选G。
2．答案：D
解析：根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent．”可知，有些种类的鱼的数量下降了87%到98%。D项(这使得它们被归为“极度濒危”物种。)承接上文，D项中的“This”指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent”。故选D。
3．答案：C
解析：根据上文“Deep sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years．”可知，深海鱼的繁殖时间非常长，可以存活很多年，C项(不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低。)承接上文，与上文构成转折关系。故选C。
4．答案：E
解析：根据下文内容可知，深海鱼被捕捞，仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类，由此可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。E项(渔业没有考虑到这些事实。)引出下文。故选E。
5．答案：A
解析：根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry．(数百万人以渔业为生。)”可知，A项(数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质。)与上文并列，说明渔业对人的重要作用。故选A。
Ⅲ　语法填空
(2024·广东中山高二下期末)Oceans cover about 70 percent of the Earths' surface， yet even today their depths remain largely unexplored． Scientists estimate between 90 and 95 percent of the deep sea remains __1__ (mystery)． The deep sea is __2__ (true) the planet's final frontier．
The term “deep sea” doesn't have __3__ same meaning to everyone． To fishermen， the deep sea is any part of the ocean beyond the relatively shallow continental shelf． To scientists， the deep sea is the lowest part of the ocean， located below the thermocline (温跃层) __4__ heating and cooling effects from sunlight stop __5__ (have) an effect， and above the sea floor． This is the part of the ocean __6__ (deep) than 1，800 meters．
It's difficult __7__ (research) the depths because they are permanently dark， extremely cold and __8__ high pressure． From the time of Pliny until the end of the 19th century， people believed the deep sea was a lifeless wasteland． Modern scientists recognize the deep sea as the largest habitat on the planet． Special tools __9__ (develop) by humans over the past few decades to explore this cold and dark environment． Deep sea exploration involves multiple __10__ (discipline)， such as oceanography， biology， geography， archaeology， and engineering．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了深海勘探的历史与技术。
1．答案：mysterious
解析：考查词性转换。remains为连系动词，设空处应用形容词作表语。故填mysterious。
2．答案：truly
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作状语修饰be动词is，应用副词。故填truly。
3．答案：the
解析：考查冠词。same前常用定冠词，为固定用法。故填the。
4．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是thermocline，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5．答案：having
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指阳光的加热和冷却效应停止起作用，stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”。故填having。
6．答案：deeper
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知，设空处应用形容词的比较级。故填deeper。
7．答案：to research
解析：考查非谓语动词。It是形式主语，设空处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to research。
8．答案：under
解析：考查介词。under high pressure意为“在高压之下”，为固定短语。故填under。
9．答案：have been developed
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Special tools和动词develop之间是被动关系，根据时间状语over the past few decades可知，设空处应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义。故填have been developed。
10．答案：disciplines
解析：考查名词。discipline在此处意为“学科，科目”，是可数名词，根据设空前的multiple可知，设空处应用名词复数。故填disciplines。
　精深阅读
(2024·福建省三明市第一中学高二下月考)Last Tuesday， a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS) set sail from Plymouth， England． The 15 meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower， which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth， Massachusetts． But unlike the original Mayflower， there are no people on board． Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically． The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence (AI) system called “AI Captain”．
The MAS is a project run by a group called Pro Mare along with IBM， aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea． The new Mayflower's electric motor is powered by solar energy． The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach． If these can be handled by machines， it could be a big advance in ocean research．
Since the MAS didn't have to carry humans， its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job． Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself， the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors． It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the seawater．
Last Friday morning， scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have been going． The AI Captain was working well， but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down． Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic， the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again．
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again， it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean． The fastest speed of the MAS is about 10 miles per hour． That may seem slow， but it's about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower， which took 66 days to make the journey．
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一艘机器人船只横渡大西洋的情况。
1．What might be the ultimate mission of the MAS project
A．Developing new AI captain systems．
B．Testing the new robotic ship of IBM．
C．Exploring the ocean with high technologies．
D．Travelling across the Atlantic on the Mayflower．
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The MAS is a project ．．． about the sea．”可知，MAS项目旨在测试收集海洋信息的不同技术，由此可推知，其终极使命是用高科技探索海洋。故选C。
2．What aspect of MAS does the third paragraph tell us
A．Its operating system． B．Its working principle．
C．Its functional equipment． D．Its design philosophy．
答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Apart from cameras ．．． in the seawater．(除了摄像头和雷达帮助MAS自我导航外，它还携带了各种工具和传感器，它有特殊的监听装置，可以探测到鲸鱼和海豚，甚至还有一个特殊的 “舌头”，可以报告海水中的化学物质。)”可知，本段介绍了MAS的功能设备。故选C。
3．What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage
A．The AI Captain sent wrong instructions．
B．The electric motor got affected by something．
C．The scientists wanted to change the ship's route．
D．The ship needed to be serviced on a regular basis．
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The AI Captain was working well ．．． send it out again．”可知，人工智能船长工作得很好，但似乎有什么东西拖慢了马达的速度，因此，团队决定将其带回普利茅斯，以便修复问题并再次出发，即马达被某物影响导致MAS返航。故选B。
4．What could be the best title for the text
A．A Robotic Ship's Global Voyage
B．New Mayflower Crossing The Atlantic
C．New Mayflower's Failed Mission
D．AI Captain System Guiding A Robotic Ship
答案：B
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一艘名为Mayflower Autonomous Ship(五月花号)的机器人船只将重现1620年“五月花号”穿越大西洋的场景，而新五月花号的一切设计都是自动运行的。由此可知，B项(新五月花号横渡大西洋)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．original adj． 原来的；最早的；起初的
2．automatically adv． 自动地
3．electric adj． 电的；用电的；电动的
4．sensor n． 传感器
5．detect vt． 探测，发现；查明
(二)高频短语
6．aim to do sth 旨在做某事
7．be handled by 由……控制/处理
8．apart from 除……之外
9．report__back 回报；汇报
10．put out to sea (船只)出海
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．The doors of the train automatically (automatic) close as soon as the safety sensors are clear．
2．The electric (electricity) motor powers the fan， providing a steady stream of cool air during the hot summer days．
3．The runner， slowing (slow) with each step， struggled to reach the finish line．
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．The Beidou Navigation System in my car accurately guides me to my destination．给……导航
5．The police are using advanced technology to track down the suspects in the robbery case．追踪
6．As we walked through the forest， we covered several tens of miles of hilly paths．行走
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
fix， carry， design
1．The innovative instrument was crafted by a team of experts， with a focus on efficiency．designed
2．The engineers solved the problems efficiently and resolved the problem within hours．fixed
3．The handyman transported the necessary implements to the job site， ready to undertake the repairs．carried
(六)长难句分析
The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach．
句意：这艘船的建造者表示，他们希望这艘船将来能被用于前往并研究那些人们难以到达或过于危险的海域。
分析：主干是The builders say；they hope it can be ．．． for people to reach是宾语从句，作say的宾语，从句中的it can be used ．．． for people to reach为宾语从句，省略了连接词that；that引导定语从句，修饰parts of oceans，并在从句中作主语。
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．The development of renewable energy sources represents a big advance (一大进步) towards a more sustainable future．
2．I found the temptation to taste the cheese pasta too hard to resist (难以抵挡)．
(八)仿写句子
The AI Captain was working well， but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down． (There seems to be ．．． )
仿写：公众似乎越来越意识到环境保护的重要性。
There seems to be a growing awareness among the public about the importance of environmental conservation．
4(共109张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 3　 SEA EXPLORATION
单元主题：人与自然——海洋探索
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含义 例词
ex ___________ _______， exclude， examine， example， exact
ate __________________________________________ _________， facilitate， corporate， advocate， alternate
al 表示___________；形容词词尾，__________________________；表示加强 ______， rival， survival， central， digital
ue ______后缀 ______，issue， avenue， clue， value
出，向外
一、构词法
extend
做某事，……的状态，性质，特性
negotiate
行为、状态
……的；与……相关的；朝向
royal
名词
league
二、根据英文释义写出单词
1．__________　to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion
2．_________　a deep passage of water in a river or near the coast that can be used as route for ships
3．_______　something that forms a connection between people or groups
4．_______　to make sth longer or larger
5．________　connected with the sea or ships
6．_______　a group of military ships commanded by the same person
7．_______　to look at or see sb/sth
8．_______　connected with or belonging to the king or queen of a country
negotiate
channel
bond
extend
maritime
fleet
behold
royal
WELCOME UNIT
——Discover useful structures——
预习检测 词汇打卡
自主学习 课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业
5
预习检测 词汇打卡
一、阅读单词及词块：写出汉语含义
1．tournament n．_________________
2．laptop n．____________________________
3．press conference___________________________
4．submersible n．________________
5．capsule n．_________________
6．coral n．_________
锦标赛；联赛
笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
记者招待会；新闻发布会
潜水器；可潜船
胶囊；太空舱
珊瑚
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．_______ n． 政治；政治观点
2．___________ vt．& vi． 鼓掌　vt． 称赞；赞赏
3．_____ vt． 对……征税；使纳税　n． 税；税款
4．____________ adv． 在水下　adj． 水下的
politics
applaud
tax
underwater
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．profession n． 职业；行业→_______________ adj． 专业的；职业的　n． 专业人员，专家→____________ adv． 专业地；内行地→_________ n． 教授
2．mixture n． 混合；结合体；混合物→______ v． 混合；融合
3．coverage n． 新闻报道；覆盖范围→_______ v． 报道；覆盖；行走一段路程；足够支付
4．manned adj． 有人控制的；需人操纵的→_______ n． 人；男人；人类
professional
professionally
professor
mix
cover
man
自主学习　课时语法
写出下列句子中的动词不定式(短语)及其语法作用
1．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level， the national parks， in particular， tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety．____________________________
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it．________________________
to catch our attention；作宾语
to wake up those；作表语
3．He is always the first to come and the last to leave．_____________________
___________
4．To enjoy a more spectacular sight， you must climb to a greater height．
_________________________________________
5．To maintain a healthy lifestyle is important for overall well being．_________
________________________
6．The teacher asked the student to finish his homework before leaving the classroom．__________________________________
to come，to leave；作后置定语
To enjoy a more spectacular sight；作目的状语
To maintain a healthy lifestyle；作主语
to finish his homework；作宾语补足语
合作探究 课时重点
探究一　热词
1．applaud vt．& vi． 鼓掌　vt． 称赞；赞赏(教材P29)
applause n． 掌声；鼓掌
applaud one's success 为某人的成功喝彩
applaud sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事赞赏某人
thunderous applause 雷鸣般的掌声
a round of applause 一阵掌声
burst into applause 爆发出掌声
①We should applaud the authorities for their vision and decision to build parks instead of skyscrapers in or close to the city centers．
我们应该赞扬当局的远见和决定，在市中心或市中心附近建造公园，而不是摩天大楼。
②They greeted him with thunderous applause．
他们以雷鸣般的掌声欢迎了他。
③This hard earned accomplishment deserves a hearty round of applause．
这一来之不易的成就值得一阵热烈的掌声。
④The audience burst into spontaneous applause．
观众自发地鼓起掌来。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①We applaud our members _____the solidarity shown in this matter．
②There was tremendous ________(applaud) when the curtain came down．
【学会表达】完成句子
③她每次演唱的时候，都会有一阵特别热烈的掌声。
There is always _______________________every time she sings．
for
applause
a good round of applause
2．profession n． 职业；行业→____________ adj． 专业的；职业的　n． 专业人员，专家→_____________ adv． 专业地；内行地→___________ n． 教授
professional
professionally
professor
My father chose a profession as a professor， and he has become a highly respected professional in his field．
我父亲选择了成为一名教授的职业，并且他在自己的领域里已经成了一位备受尊敬的专业人士。
I carefully mixed the ingredients together to create the perfect mixture for the cake．
我小心地把原料混合在一起，以制作蛋糕的完美混合物。
3．mixture n． 混合；结合体；混合物→______ v． 混合；融合
mix
4．coverage n． 新闻报道；覆盖范围→_____ v． 报道；覆盖；行走一段路程；足够支付
The news report provided extensive coverage of the event， ensuring that all aspects of the story were covered．
新闻报道对这个事件进行了广泛的报道，确保故事的各个方面都被涵盖。
cover
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①She has a very ____________(profession) attitude towards her work， always striving for excellence．
②The chef created a unique dish by combining a _________(mix) of traditional and modern flavors．
③The media provided comprehensive __________ (cover) of the election results， ensuring that the public was well informed．
professional
mixture
coverage
【学会表达】完成句子
④她很专业地进行了这次采访，提出了深思熟虑的问题，并始终保持着尊重的态度。
_____________________________________， asking thoughtful questions and maintaining a respectful demeanor throughout．
She conducted the interview professionally
探究二　动词不定式(复习)
(1)作主语
1)不定式(短语)在句首作主语
不定式(短语)作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。
①To make you understand him completely is impossible．
让你们完全了解他是不可能的。
动词不定式：不定式是英语动词的非谓语形式之一，形式上由“to＋动词原形”构成。不定式仍保留着动词的部分特性，可以带宾语和状语构成不定式短语，有时态和语态的变化。
语法点1　用法
②To remember to switch off the electricity is important．
重要的是要记住关掉电源。
2)用it作形式主语
不定式、特别是不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往把主语放在句子末尾，用it代替不定式(短语)作形式主语。
①It is impossible to make you understand him completely．
让你们完全了解他是不可能的。
②It's important to remember to switch off the electricity．
重要的是要记住关掉电源。
　 在以it为形式主语的句子中，它所代表的真正主语有时用不定式复合结构，而不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出。
如果句中作表语的形容词表示事物的性质，如important， necessary， possible， easy， difficult， hard， heavy等，用for引出。如果句中作表语的形容词表示人的特征、品德或意愿，如kind， honest， careless， lazy， stupid， generous， cruel， willing， reluctant， deliberate等，则用of引出。
It is impossible for us to get there before lunch．
我们在午餐前赶到那里是不可能的。
It's careless of her to notice nothing of it．
她很粗心，什么都没注意到。
(2)作表语
1)主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一个是条件，一个是结果)
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people．
善待敌人，就是对人民残酷。
②To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe．
那样做就是削足适履。
2)主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， intention， mistake， plan， proposal， job， suggestion等为中心词的名词短语或what引导的名词性从句，后面的不定式说明其内容。
①My idea is to climb the mountain from the north．
我的想法是从北面爬山。
②What I would suggest is to start work at once．
我的建议是立刻开始工作。
　 在某些句型中，当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号“to”可以省略。
All we have to do is push the button．
我们只要按一下按钮就行了。
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself．
我现在唯一能做的事情就是靠自己继续进行下去。
(3)作宾语
1)不定式用作宾语时相当于名词，放在某些及物动词之后。这类常见的及物动词有：afford， agree， aim， appear， apply， arrange， ask， attempt， want， decide等。
①All the competitors agree to observe the spirit of fair play in all of the games．
所有参赛者都同意在所有比赛中遵循公平竞争的精神。
②He had decided to return after receiving the letter from Bill．
收到比尔的信后，他便决定回来。
2)用作宾语的动词不定式有时可以带上疑问词how， where， who， when， which， why， what， whether等一起构成不定式短语。后接这种结构的常见动词有：ask， consider， decide， discuss， explain， forget， inquire， know， learn， remember等。
①We learned how to create and register a new web page．
我们学会了新网页的制作和注册方法。
②He didn't know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words．
听了这话，他啼笑皆非。
　 用作宾语的不定式后面如果有补语，可以用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置于补语之后，以免宾语太长使句子显得不协调。在这种用法中，常见的动词有think， feel， make， find， consider， count， judge， believe， take等。
She thought it unnecessary to quarrel with him over trifles．
她认为没必要为小事跟他争吵。
I took it an honor to have been invited to the meeting．
我很荣幸应邀出席这次会议。
(4)作定语
1)不定式作定语通常位于被修饰的名词(短语)之后，说明被修饰词的特征。
①Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices
你们能否想出一个应对日益上涨的物价的好办法？
②A letter from Clare gave her an excuse to leave．
克莱尔的一封来信给了她一个离开的借口。
2)如果不定式和被修饰的具体名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，则不定式多半表示未来的动作，翻译时需在不定式前加“要”字。
①We have three machines to repair today．
我们今天有三台机器要修理。
②Would you like something to drink
你要喝点什么吗？
3)在处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是不及物动词，其后要加一个结构上或含义上所需的介词。
①Jack is a pleasant fellow to work with．
杰克是一个很好共事的人。
②John is the best man to consult about the matter with．
约翰是可以与之商量此事的最佳人选。
(5)作状语
1)用作目的状语——可位于句首或句末。有时，为了强调目的，特别是当不定式前有否定词not时，通常在不定式前加上in order或so as。前者可位于句首或句末，后者只能位于句末。
①We use electrical energy to do many things．
我们能用电做许多事情。
②We talked quietly so as not to be overheard．
我们低声交谈，以免别人听到。
2)用作结果状语——不定式作结果状语通常位于句末，且常与only， never等连用，不定式的逻辑主语往往是句子的主语。能直接用其不定式作结果状语的动词常见的有find， hear， see， give， learn， make， produce等。
①I reached the station only to find that my train had already left．
我到了车站，却发现我要搭乘的火车已经开走了。
②After the war they parted company， never to see each other again．
战后他们分道扬镳，从此再也没见过面。
　 (1)在“too＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，不定式表示结果。这类句子在形式上是肯定的，但在内容上是否定的，意为“太……以至于不能……”。
This material is too expensive to use in everyday life．
这种材料太昂贵，不能用于日常生活中。
Amanda is far too young to get married．
阿曼达还太小，不能结婚。
(2)用于enough或“so＋形容词或副词＋as”或“such＋名词＋as”之后的不定式(短语)表示结果，一般放在句末。
The auditorium is spacious enough to hold five thousand people．
礼堂很宽敞，足以容纳五千人。
I'm not so desperate as to agree to that．
我还没绝望到要同意这一点的地步。
3)用作原因状语——形式与目的状语相似。区分标志是：表示目的，不定式前可加in order或so as， 不定式的动作后于谓语动词的动作；表示原因，则不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。
(6)作宾语补足语
1)不定式作宾语补足语时，通常跟在某些及物动词的宾语之后，对宾语作进一步的补充说明，并与该宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这类及物动词常见的有：advise， allow， ask， want， beg， cause， consider， command， compel， drive， encourage等。
①I wanted something to happen to me， but nothing happened．
我希望我身上会发生些什么，可是什么都没发生。
②I know nothing about him and I beg you to tell me nothing．
他的情况我并不知道，我也请求您别告诉我。
2)使役动词如let， make， have等和感官动词(短语)如see， watch， perceive， observe， notice， hear， feel， look at， listen to等用于主动语态时，作其宾语补足语的不定式需省略to。
①She let her hand fall from his arm and said no more．
她放开他的胳膊，没再说什么。
②He saw the car drive up outside the police station．
他看到那辆车开到了警察局外面。
3)在某些表示心理状态的动词如believe， find， consider， prove， suppose， think， know， understand， judge， guess， declare， take， deny等后，作宾语补足语的不定式往往是“to be＋其他”。这时，这些不定式中的to be通常可省略。
①We found the answer (to be) correct．
我们发现这个答案是对的。
②They declared themselves (to be) for the plan．
他们宣称自己赞成这个计划。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态上的变化。
语法点2　时态和语态
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing —
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing —
(1)不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后；不定式的一般被动式表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，而不是发出者。
①They were expected to do the impossible．
他们被期待去做不可能的事。
②This shirt needs to be washed．
这件衬衫该洗了。
(2)不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，而且正在进行。
I'm very glad to be working with Alan．
和艾伦一起工作，我感到很高兴。
(3)不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词或特定的时间之前；不定式的完成被动式表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者。
①The team doesn't seem to have clicked yet．
这支队伍好像还没有配合默契。
②She claims to have been dismissed unfairly．
她声称遭到无理解雇。
(4)不定式的完成进行式强调不定式表示的动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到某一时刻，强调动作的持续性，而不强调结果。
The Smiths is said to have been living in Thailand for 25 years．
据说史密斯一家已经在泰国生活25年了。
　 不定式通常以固定短语的形式构成独立成分，在句中用作插入语
(也称评注性状语)，对全句作附加说明，表示说话人对所说的话的看法或态度。
作插入语的不定式常见的有：to begin with， to be fair， to be frank， to conclude等。
To begin with， we must consider the problem in an all round way．
首先，我们必须全面地考虑这个问题。
To conclude， his coming here is a great help to us．
总之，他来到这里对我们帮助很大。
(1)单句语法填空
①It took a few youthful and daring businessmen _______(get) the ball rolling．
②There are lots of ways ________(raise) awareness for a cause．
③She is known ___________________(deal) with the problems for many years．
④Another way of setting realistic goals is ____________(analyze) your short and long term objectives， keeping in mind your beliefs， values and strengths．
⑤We were in high spirits ______(hear) the words of our teacher’s encouragement．
to get
to raise
to have been dealing
to analyze
to hear
(2)完成句子
①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)缓解游客过多的目的地压力的最好方法是去其他地方。
The best way _______________on over touristed destinations is ______________
____________________．
②她还找了牙医，了解更多关于牙齿清洁方面的知识。
She also approached dentists ___________________________．
③读书满足了我不断学习的愿望。
Reading satisfies my desire ________________．
to ease pressure
to learn more about teeth cleaning
to learn more about teeth cleaning
to keep learning
④我打算参加明天举办的会议。
I plan to attend the meeting _________________．
⑤鉴于该地区的受欢迎度，事先预订旅馆或露营地是可取的。
Because of the popularity of the region， it is advisable _____________________
____________________．
to be held tomorrow
to book hotels or campsites in advance
对点练习 巩固所学
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列词缀的含义及例词
1． al→______________________________________________→_____,______
2． ue→___________→_______,________
3． ate→________________________________→_________,____________
4．ex →___________→________,__________
表示行为、状态；……的；与……相关的；朝向
royal
名词后缀
league
做某事，……的状态，性质，特性
negotiate
出，向外
extend
rival
issue
corporate
examine
(二)选词填空
1．______ plays a crucial role in shaping the policies that affect people's daily lives．
2．The speaker's inspiring words __________the audience to take action for change．
3．The government has proposed a new ______reform plan aimed at reducing the burden on low income families．
4．The health insurance plan offers comprehensive _________for both inpatient and outpatient treatments．
5．Choosing the right _____________is a decision that can significantly impact one’s life path．
Politics
tax， motivate， coverage， profession， politics
motivated
tax
coverage
profession
维度二　语法运用
(三)单句语法填空
1．________ (learn) a new language is a challenging but rewarding experience．
2．She decided ________(travel) around the world before settling down．
3．I have a book ________(read) before bed every night．
4．I applaud her ______having the courage to refuse．
5．My goal for this year is __________(improve) my fitness．
To learn
to travel
to read
for
to improve
维度三　素养提升
(四)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．为了赶上第一班火车，他起得很早。
He got up early __________________________．
2．老师鼓励那个害羞的学生多参与课堂讨论。
The teacher encouraged the shy student __________________________________．
3．经过数月的努力学习，他最终以优异的成绩成功地通过了那门很难的考试。
After studying hard for months， he finally managed _______________________
with flying colors．
(in order) to catch the first train
to participate more in class discussions
to pass the difficult exam
(五)翻译
1．她的人生目标是环游世界，体验不同的文化。
__________________________________________________________
2．人们发现她在音乐创作方面极有天赋。
______________________________________________________
Her goal in life is to travel the world and experience different cultures．
She was found to be extremely talented in music composition．
课后课时作业
较易题(占比70%)　中档题(占比30%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
难度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·安徽省泗水第一中学高二下月考)Growing up in coastal Maine， Lynda Doughty spent lots of time out on the sea． There she often saw whales， seals and other marine (海洋的) animals． She developed a(n) __1__ for the wildlife living along the coast．
“I remember being so amazed by them and __2__ what was happening in their life，” Doughty said．
She also __3__ that their livelihood was influenced by pollution and other human related activities． She wanted to do something to __4__ these animals．
So she became a marine __5__ and worked with organisations that provided help for sick and injured sea animals． But as many nonprofits (非营利机构) closed their doors， Doughty decided to step in．
In 2011， she __6__ her nonprofit， Marine Mammals of Maine， and has since provided help and medical care for more than 3，000 sea animals．
However， things became more difficult later， but they couldn’t __7__—the animals __8__， needed their help．
“We were so nervous of how we would __9__ as a nonprofit in uncertain times，” Doughty said． “__10__， our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals．”
When another New England based marine animal rescue program __11__ its animal care， Doughty's work became more __12__ than ever．
“We could no longer take any __13__ to their rescue center and there were not enough rehabilitation (康复) places for these animals． Actually， we were really __14__ and there was more pressure for our center to stay open，” Doughty said．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了海洋生物学家Lynda Doughty (琳达·道蒂)为保护海洋动物创立了非营利组织，致力于救助受伤海洋生物的故事。
“I feel this strong __15__ to help these animals，” Doughty said． “This is what I was put on the earth to do．”
1．A．habit B．taste
C．love D．approach
解析：根据前文“Growing up in coastal Maine”和后文“I remember being ... happening in their life”可知，她自小在海边长大，对这些动物感到好奇，说明她热爱这些动物。故选C。
2．A．dreaming B．wondering
C．estimating D．approving
解析：dream梦想；wonder好奇；estimate估计；approve批准。根据前文“I remember being so amazed by them”可知，她对海洋动物的生活感到惊奇，所以会对这些动物生活中所发生的事情感到好奇。故选B。
3．A．recognised B．imagined
C．doubted D．noticed
解析：recognise认出；imagine想象；doubt怀疑；notice注意到。根据后文“She wanted to do something”可知，她想要采取行动，说明她已经注意到了动物们的生活已经受到了污染和其他与人类相关的活动的影响。故选D。
4．A．protect B．attract
C．evolve D．prevent
解析：protect保护；attract吸引；evolve进化；prevent阻止。根据前文“their livelihood was influenced by pollution and other human related activities”可知，她看到了这些受到污染和人类活动影响的动物，所以她想要做些事情去保护它们。故选A。
5．A．chemist B．biologist
C．linguist D．psychologist
解析：根据前文“marine”和后文“worked with organisations ... injured sea animals”可知，她的工作与生物学相关，所以她成了一名海洋生物学家。故选B。
6．A．set out B．gave out
C．set up D．gave up
解析：set out出发；give out分发；set up建立；give up放弃。根据后文“her nonprofit， Marine Mammals of Maine”可知，她建立了一个非营利组织。故选C。
7．A．go back B．wipe out
C．come along D．slow down
解析：go back返回；wipe out彻底摧毁；come along一起来，进展；slow down放慢。根据前文“things became more difficult later， but they couldn't”可知，尽管有困难，但他们不能停止帮助动物，即不能放慢帮助动物的脚步。故选D。
8．A．already B．still
C．even D．just
解析：根据前文“they couldn't __7__”可知，他们还不能放松，因为动物仍然需要他们的帮助。故选B。
9．A．survive B．capture
C．occupy D．quit
解析： survive生存；capture捕获；occupy占据；quit停止，退出。根据后文“our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals”可知，他们的团队依然存在，而且还能继续发挥功能，说明刚开始她担心的是非营利组织的生存问题。故选A。
10．A．Normally B．Hopefully
C．Naturally D．Luckily
解析：句意：幸运的是，我们的团队很坚强，我们能够继续帮助动物。 normally通常；hopefully有希望地；naturally自然地；luckily幸运地。故选D。
11．A．started B．stopped
C．continued D．forgot
解析：根据后文“Doughty's work became more __12__ than ever”可知，Doughty的工作显得格外重要起来，是因为有一个海洋动物援救项目停止了运作。故选B。
12．A．generous B．delightful
C．crucial D．terrifying
解析： generous慷慨的；delightful高兴的；crucial至关重要的；terrifying可怕的。根据前文“When another New England based ... its animal care”可知，Doughty的工作在这个时候显得尤为重要。故选C。
13．A．employers B．partners
C．experts D．animals
解析：根据后文“to their rescue center”可知，此处指的是动物。故选D。
14．A．assisted B．encouraged
C．needed D．impressed
解析： assist协助；encourage鼓励；need需要；impress给……留下深刻的好印象。根据后文“there was more pressure for our center to stay open”可知，他们的救援中心压力更大了，因为动物们的确很需要Doughty团队的帮助。故选C。
15．A．responsibility B．ability
C．personality D．chance
解析： responsibility责任；ability能力；personality个性；chance机会。根据后文“This is what I was put on the earth to do．”可知，她感到自己有责任去做这件事。故选A。
Ⅱ　七选五
(2024·河北省唐山市路北区高二下期中)There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow water fish as a result of overfishing． People still want to eat fish， so the fishing industry must look at other sources， especially the deep waters of the Atlantic． __1__
Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep sea fish are to survive． Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent． __2__ Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues． These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years．
The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years． Deep sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years． __3__ The average size of such fish also declined， with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size． This is of particular concern， as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones．
__4__ The deep sea species have been caught as if they were the fast breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring． It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits．
The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment． Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry． __5__ Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems， but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security．
A．Billions of people rely on fish for protein．
B．Many people now choose not to eat deep sea fish．
C．Unfortunately， their reproduction rate is very low．
D．This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”．
E．None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry．
F．Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife．
G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于过度捕捞，浅水鱼类的数量已经严重下降以及由此导致的后果。
解析：根据上文“People still want to ... the deep waters of the Atlantic．”可知，G项(这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降。)承接上文，说明以上做法导致的不良影响。故选G。
1．答案：G
解析：根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent．”可知，有些种类的鱼的数量下降了87%到98%。D项(这使得它们被归为“极度濒危”物种。)承接上文，D项中的“This”指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent”。故选D。
2．答案：D
解析：根据上文“Deep sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years．”可知，深海鱼的繁殖时间非常长，可以存活很多年，C项(不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低。)承接上文，与上文构成转折关系。故选C。
3．答案：C
解析：根据下文内容可知，深海鱼被捕捞，仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类，由此可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。E项(渔业没有考虑到这些事实。)引出下文。故选E。
4．答案：E
解析：根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry．(数百万人以渔业为生。)”可知，A项(数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质。)与上文并列，说明渔业对人的重要作用。故选A。
5．答案：A
Ⅲ　语法填空
(2024·广东中山高二下期末)Oceans cover about 70 percent of the Earths' surface， yet even today their depths remain largely unexplored． Scientists estimate between 90 and 95 percent of the deep sea remains __1__ (mystery)． The deep sea is __2__ (true) the planet's final frontier．
The term “deep sea” doesn’t have __3__ same meaning to everyone． To fishermen， the deep sea is any part of the ocean beyond the relatively shallow continental shelf． To scientists， the deep sea is the lowest part of the ocean， located below the thermocline (温跃层) __4__ heating and cooling effects from sunlight stop __5__ (have) an effect， and above the sea floor． This is the part of the ocean __6__ (deep) than 1，800 meters．
It’s difficult __7__ (research) the depths because they are permanently dark， extremely cold and __8__ high pressure． From the time of Pliny until the end of the 19th century， people believed the deep sea was a lifeless wasteland． Modern scientists recognize the deep sea as the largest habitat on the planet． Special tools __9__ (develop) by humans over the past few decades to explore this cold and dark environment． Deep sea exploration involves multiple __10__ (discipline)， such as oceanography， biology， geography， archaeology， and engineering．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了深海勘探的历史与技术。
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________
解析：考查词性转换。remains为连系动词，设空处应用形容词作表语。故填mysterious。
1．答案：mysterious
2．答案：truly
解析：考查词性转换。设空处作状语修饰be动词is，应用副词。故填truly。
解析：考查冠词。same前常用定冠词，为固定用法。故填the。
3．答案：the
4．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是thermocline，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指阳光的加热和冷却效应停止起作用，stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”。故填having。
5．答案：having
6．答案：deeper
解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知，设空处应用形容词的比较级。故填deeper。
解析：考查非谓语动词。It是形式主语，设空处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to research。
7．答案：to research
8．答案：under
解析：考查介词。under high pressure意为“在高压之下”，为固定短语。故填under。
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Special tools和动词develop之间是被动关系，根据时间状语over the past few decades可知，设空处应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义。故填have been developed。
9．答案：have been developed
10．答案：disciplines
解析：考查名词。discipline在此处意为“学科，科目”，是可数名词，根据设空前的multiple可知，设空处应用名词复数。故填disciplines。
(2024·福建省三明市第一中学高二下月考)Last Tuesday， a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS) set sail from Plymouth， England． The 15 meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower， which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth， Massachusetts． But unlike the original Mayflower， there are no people on board． Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically． The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence (AI) system called “AI Captain”．
精深阅读
The MAS is a project run by a group called Pro Mare along with IBM， aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea． The new Mayflower’s electric motor is powered by solar energy． The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach． If these can be handled by machines， it could be a big advance in ocean research．
Since the MAS didn’t have to carry humans， its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job． Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself， the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors． It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the seawater．
Last Friday morning， scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have been going． The AI Captain was working well， but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down． Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic， the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again．
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一艘机器人船只横渡大西洋的情况。
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again， it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean． The fastest speed of the MAS is about 10 miles per hour． That may seem slow， but it’s about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower， which took 66 days to make the journey．
1．What might be the ultimate mission of the MAS project
A．Developing new AI captain systems．
B．Testing the new robotic ship of IBM．
C．Exploring the ocean with high technologies．
D．Travelling across the Atlantic on the Mayflower．
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The MAS is a project ... about the sea．”可知，MAS项目旨在测试收集海洋信息的不同技术，由此可推知，其终极使命是用高科技探索海洋。故选C。
2．What aspect of MAS does the third paragraph tell us
A．Its operating system． B．Its working principle．
C．Its functional equipment． D．Its design philosophy．
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Apart from cameras ... in the seawater．(除了摄像头和雷达帮助MAS自我导航外，它还携带了各种工具和传感器，它有特殊的监听装置，可以探测到鲸鱼和海豚，甚至还有一个特殊的 “舌头”，可以报告海水中的化学物质。)”可知，本段介绍了MAS的功能设备。故选C。
3．What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage
A．The AI Captain sent wrong instructions．
B．The electric motor got affected by something．
C．The scientists wanted to change the ship's route．
D．The ship needed to be serviced on a regular basis．
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The AI Captain was working well ... send it out again．”可知，人工智能船长工作得很好，但似乎有什么东西拖慢了马达的速度，因此，团队决定将其带回普利茅斯，以便修复问题并再次出发，即马达被某物影响导致MAS返航。故选B。
4．What could be the best title for the text
A．A Robotic Ship's Global Voyage
B．New Mayflower Crossing The Atlantic
C．New Mayflower's Failed Mission
D．AI Captain System Guiding A Robotic Ship
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一艘名为Mayflower Autonomous Ship(五月花号)的机器人船只将重现1620年“五月花号”穿越大西洋的场景，而新五月花号的一切设计都是自动运行的。由此可知，B项(新五月花号横渡大西洋)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
精深阅读——好词句小练
(一)热词
1．________ adj． 原来的；最早的；起初的
2．automatically adv．__________
3．_________ adj． 电的；用电的；电动的
4．sensor n．___________
5．_______ vt． 探测，发现；查明
original
自动地
electric
传感器
detect
(二)高频短语
6．aim to do sth_______________
7．be handled by____________________
8．apart from________________
9．_____________ 回报；汇报
10．put out to sea________________
旨在做某事
由……控制/处理
除……之外
report back
(船只)出海
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．The doors of the train _____________(automatic) close as soon as the safety sensors are clear．
2．The __________(electricity) motor powers the fan， providing a steady stream of cool air during the hot summer days．
3．The runner， ______(slow) with each step， struggled to reach the finish line．
automatically
electric
slowing
(四)写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语释义
4．The Beidou Navigation System in my car accurately guides me to my destination．________________
5．The police are using advanced technology to track down the suspects in the robbery case．_______
6．As we walked through the forest， we covered several tens of miles of hilly paths．_______
给……导航
追踪
行走
(五)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的黑体部分
1．The innovative instrument was crafted by a team of experts， with a focus on efficiency．___________
2．The engineers solved the problems efficiently and resolved the problem within hours．_________
3．The handyman transported the necessary implements to the job site， ready to undertake the repairs．_________
designed
fix， carry， design
fixed
carried
(六)长难句分析
The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach．
句意：这艘船的建造者表示，他们希望这艘船将来能被用于前往并研究那些人们难以到达或过于危险的海域。
分析：主干是_______________；they hope it can be ... for people to reach是_____从句，作say的_____，从句中的it can be used ... for people to reach为_____从句，省略了连接词______；that引导______从句，修饰_______________，并在从句中作_______。
The builders say
宾语
宾语
宾语
that
定语
parts of oceans
主语
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．The development of renewable energy sources represents ________________(一大进步) towards a more sustainable future．
2．I found the temptation to taste the cheese pasta _______________(难以抵挡)．
a big advance
too hard to resist
(八)仿写句子
The AI Captain was working well， but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down． (There seems to be ... )
仿写：公众似乎越来越意识到环境保护的重要性。
______________________________________________________________________________________________
There seems to be a growing awareness among the public about the importance of environmental conservation．

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