资源简介

英语　选择性必修·第四册［RJ］
Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
——Listening and Speaking——
一、听力微技能3——海洋探险类
英语听力中，海洋探险类文章往往充满了专业术语、描述性的语言和可能的文化背景知识，这对听者来说既是一种挑战也是一次丰富的体验。以下是一些提升海洋探险类文章听力技能的策略：
1．积累专业词汇
提前学习与海洋探险相关的词汇，如海洋生物(dolphins， whales， sharks， coral reefs)、航海术语(nautical chart， compass， anchor， buoy)、气候与天气条件(typhoon， tsunami， squall line)、探险装备(diving suit， sonar， GPS， life raft)等。
2．熟悉文章结构
海洋探险类文章通常遵循一定的结构，如介绍探险目的、描述出发准备、讲述探险过程(遇到的困难、发现的奇观等)、总结探险成果或感悟。了解这种结构有助于更好地预测和理解接下来的内容。
3．注意细节信息
探险类文章往往包含大量细节，如地理位置、时间线、具体事件等。学会捕捉这些信息，可以更全面地理解文章内容。
听力文本：
Good afternoon， everyone! I'll be your guide as we tour the Ocean Park today． You're learning about creatures that live in the ocean． Let's take a look at this fish first here． This fish is called a yellow headed jawfish． It gets its name from its unique color and a large mouth． Although it is narrow and a bit small in size， you can spot it easily because of its shining blue and yellow body． Their unique look makes them a favorite with visitors， but watch out! These fish get scared easily and may jump out of uncovered tanks． Next， you will see a long， brown colored fish． It's called a mudskipper， and it is amazing because it can live in water or on land． They can move through the mud， where they find most of their food． Mudskippers eat a variety of plants and animals． When they get hot， these fish exhibit some unusual behaviors． They roll around in the mud to keep cool． Alright， let's go to see one more creature and then we'll have time for questions!
Q：1．Where do jawfishes get their name
A．From their head．
B．From their color．
C．From their size．
2．What do we know about jawfishes
A．They like playing a trick．
B．They're friendly to visitors．
C．They're popular with visitors．
3．Why does the speaker find mudskippers amazing
A．They can live both on land and in water．
B．They feed on plants and animals in water．
C．They are able to survive high temperature．
4．What are the listeners going to do next
A．Draw the creatures．
B．Ask some questions．
C．Watch another creature．
1．原文中提到“This fish is called a yellow headed jawfish． It gets its name from its unique color and a large mouth．”，这句话明确说明了黄头颚鱼的名字来源于它独特的颜色和一张大嘴。故选B。
2．原文中提到“Their unique look makes them a favorite with visitors”，这句话直接说明了黄头颚鱼因其独特的外观而受到游客的喜爱，即它们很受游客欢迎。故选C。
3．原文中提到“It's called a mudskipper， and it is amazing because it can live in water or on land．”，这句话明确指出了弹涂鱼(mudskipper)的惊人之处在于它们既能在水中生活，也能在陆地上生活。故选A。
4．原文中最后提到“Alright， let's go to see one more creature and then we'll have time for questions！”，这句话说明接下来听众们要去看另一种生物。故选C。
二、话题口语表达(开放型)
1．How do you understand the speaker's words Have you learned more about ocean animals
2．What do you think about the environment the ocean creatures live in Is it an urgent issue to focus on environmental protection
——Reading for Writing——
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．directory n． 名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录
2．gallon n． 加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4．5升)
3．marine adj． 海的；海产的；海生的
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．meanwhile adv． 与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
2．exploit vt． 开发；利用；剥削
3．possession n． [usually pl．] 个人财产；拥有；控制
4．opponent n． 反对者；对手；竞争者
5．arrest n． 逮捕；拘留；中止　vt． 逮捕；拘留；阻止
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．migration n． 迁移；迁徙；移居→migrate v． 迁移；移动；转移
2．murder vt． 谋杀；凶杀；毁坏　n． 谋杀；凶杀→murderer n． 谋杀犯；凶手
3．mercy n． 仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj． 仁慈的；慈悲的；宽大的→merciless adj． 无情的；残忍的；毫不怜悯的
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
log 熟义：n． 日志
生义：vt． 把……载入正式记录；记录
n． 正式记录；原木
课文三维剖析
Text 1
文本1
When1 people talk of exploring the sea more2， they usually mean exploiting it3．Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more4． 人们在谈论扩大海洋勘探的时候，通常指的是海洋开发。海洋勘探已经造成了许多问题，并将继续引发更多问题。 More exploration means more pollution． The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010． Plastic pollution is also bad， killing many birds and fish5， and has even been found in our tap water． 1引导时间状语从句 2动名词短语作talk of的宾语 3动名词短语作动词mean的宾语 4动词不定式短语作动词continue的宾语 5现在分词短语作结果状语
扩大勘探意味着污染加剧。2010年“深水地平线”号钻井平台在海中溢出了两亿多加仑的石油。塑料污染也十分严重，导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。
Mining for resources is very damaging， especially in the Arctic． Because of climate change， there is less ice now， which6 means we can look for more fossil fuels further north． But if7 we burn these， the ice will melt more and8 this negative cycle will continue． Climate change is warning us that9 something is very wrong． 6引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明整个主句 7引导条件状语从句 8连接两个并列分句 9引导宾语从句，在从句中没有语义，不作成分，可省略
资源开采极具破坏性，尤其是在北极地区。由于气候变化，现在冰川减少了，这意味着我们可以在更北的地方寻找更多的化石燃料。但是，如果我们烧尽这些燃料，冰川将融化得更多，这一不良循环将持续下去。气候变化正警告我们情况不妙。
Overfishing is another problem． Whales and dolphins are also hunted for their meat or for so called research． Although10 this was banned in 1982， some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy11． 10引导让步状语从句 11介词短语作方式状语
过度捕捞是另一个问题。鲸鱼和海豚也遭到捕杀，成为盘中美食或用于所谓的研究。尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
The sea is home to life， not human beings' possessions． It is huge， but it is more sensitive than12 we think． If we do not protect it， future generations will not forgive us． 12引导比较状语从句
海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。海洋广阔无垠，但比我们想象的更为敏感。如果我们不保护它，子孙后代将不会原谅我们。
Text 2
文本2
To truly understand our planet13， we must explore the oceans which14 cover most of it． Opponents may be concerned， but sea exploration is important for our future． For example， scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change． We need to understand what15 is happening to our planet so that16 we can take action． Therefore， more research is necessary． 13动词不定式短语作目的状语 14引导定语从句，修饰oceans 15引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语 16引导目的状语从句
为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。反对者也许会忧心忡忡，但是海洋探索对我们的未来十分重要。例如，科学考察船可以帮助应对像气候变化这种重要的问题。我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。因此，有必要开展更多的研究。
Understanding more about the sea17 will also help us manage its resources better18． Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth． It may help us discover new medicines， as well as new sources of food and energy． Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes． 17动名词短语作主语 18动词不定式短语作宾语补足语， manage前省略了to
深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。记载新物种将提升我们对地球上的生命的了解。这可能还会帮助我们发现新的药物，以及新的食物和能源来源。深海探索还有可能会帮助我们预测地震等事件。
The population of the world is growing and19 we need new resources for future development． There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice， not just oil and gas but also20 valuable minerals． 19连接两个并列分句 20 not just ．．． but also ．．． 连接两个名词短语
世界人口正在不断增长，我们需要新的资源来维系未来的发展。海洋和冰川之下可能蕴藏着大量的资源，不仅仅是石油和天然气，还有珍贵的矿物。
Of course， there are still environmental risks． However， these should be balanced with economic needs． Hopefully， as21 technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance22． 21引导时间状语从句，意为“随着” 22动名词短语作介词for的宾语
当然，环境风险仍然存在。但是，这些风险应该与经济需求相平衡。随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。
阅读领悟
(一)课文导图填空
(二)判断正误(T/F)
1．Sea exploration have caused many problems， and will not continue to cause more．(F)
2．Scientific research ships can address important issues， such as climate change．(T)
3．Mining for resources doesn't damage the ocean environment．(F)
4．Understanding more about the sea won't be able to help us manage its resources better．(F)
5．Overfishing was banned in 1982， but some countries are still doing so．(T)
6．The population of the world is larger and larger， and we need new resources for future development．(T)
(三)问题链
1．What is the genre of two texts
Argumentative essay．
2．What are the two authors' opinions about the sea exploration and why
The author of Text 1 is against sea exploration， because the sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more． The author of Text 2 is in favor of sea exploration， because in order to truly understand our planet， we must explore the ocean．
3．How did the evidence prove the authors' points
The authors cite examples and facts to prove their points．
探究一　热词
1．exploit vt． 开发；利用；剥削(教材P32)
exploitation n． 剥削，压榨；利用；开发 exploit sth to the full 充分利用某物 exploit sth to do sth 利用某物去做某事 exploit sth for sth 利用某物获取某物
①Starvation and poverty are the results of global economic exploitation， not lack of resources．
饥饿和贫困是全球经济剥削的结果，而不是资源匮乏的结果。
②She wanted to exploit that opportunity to the full．
她希望充分利用那个机会。
③He exploited his father's name to get himself a job．
他利用他父亲的名声为自己谋到了一份工作。
④Critics claim he exploited the mine for personal gain．
批评人士声称他为了个人利益而开采矿山。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Conservationists are concerned over the effect of commercial exploitation (exploit) of forests．
②They exploited the natural resources of the region for economic growth， but without sustainable practices．
③There is no doubt that some environmental advocates are willing to exploit the dynamic to the full．
【学会表达】完成句子
④我们应该利用我们丰富的资源发展经济。
We should exploit our rich resources to expand the economy．
⑤该计划不能成为雇主剥削工人的工具。
The plan cannot become a tool for employers to exploit workers．
2．possession n． [usually pl．] 个人财产；拥有；控制(教材P32)
possess vt． 持有，拥有；具有(品质或能力) take possession of ．．． 占有/拥有/取得……(强调动作) (be) in possession of ．．． 拥有……(强调状态) (be) in the possession of ．．． 归……所有 in one's possession ……为某人所拥有
①The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works．
这个画廊藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。
②We didn't take possession of the car until a few days after the auction．
拍卖会过后几天，我们才拿到那辆汽车。
③Students in possession of good time management skills are more likely to perform well in universities．
拥有良好的时间管理技能的学生更有可能在大学里表现出色。
④Those documents are now in the possession of the Washington Post．
那些文件现在归《华盛顿邮报》所有。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①People had lost their homes and all their possessions (possess)．
②My old house is in the possession of an old lady now．
③She was found in possession of stolen goods．
【学会表达】翻译
④他们两人都没有信用卡。
Neither of them possessed a credit card．
3　log
[熟义] n． 日志 [生义] vt． 把……载入正式记录；记录 n． 正式记录；原木
①He dumped the logs on the big stone hearth．
他把木柴扔到那个大石炉上。
②They log everyone and everything that comes in and out of here．
他们把在这里出入的人和发生的事都记入日志。
③The scientist carefully analyzed the log data from the experiment to draw conclusions．
科学家仔细分析了实验中的日志数据以得出结论。
【学会运用】同义词替换
①The engineer kept a detailed log of the machine's operating hours and maintenance procedures．record
【学会表达】完成句子
②我每天都记录我在项目上的进展情况，以确保自己按计划进行。
I logged my progress on the project every day to ensure I stayed on track．
探究二　长难句分析
4．Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance．(教材P32) 随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。
【分析】　本句是主从复合句，as technology improves 是时间状语从句，as 意为“随着”。 as用作连词时，可引导时间、原因、让步、方式状语从句等： 引导时间状语从句时，与while意义相近，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事一发生，另一事立刻发生 引导原因状语从句时，与because用法相近 引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然，尽管”，此处从句常用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或者动词原形置于as之前 引导方式状语从句时，意为“正如；按照；以……方式”
①His theory proved to be correct as time went on．
随着时间的推移，他的理论被证明是正确的。(时间状语从句)
②As it was getting very late， we soon turned back．
因为天越来越晚了，我们很快就返回了。(原因状语从句)
③Young as he is， he has been one of the most famous painters in our country．
虽然他还很年轻，但已经成为我们国家最有名的画家之一。(让步状语从句)
④You should do it as I told you．
你应该按照我告诉你的方式去做。(方式状语从句)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Much as they hope to go home tomorrow， they're resigned to staying on until the end of the year．
②As time goes (go) by， we may need to change arrangements．
【学会表达】完成句子
③随着年龄的增长，我们会变得更聪明。
We get wiser as we get older．
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列单词和短语的英文
1．arrest n． 逮捕；拘留；中止　vt． 逮捕；拘留；阻止
2．meanwhile adv． 与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
3．exploit vt． 开发；利用；剥削
4．opponent n． 反对者；对手；竞争者
5．possession n． [usually pl．] 个人财产；拥有；控制
6．vast amounts of 巨量的
7．exploit sth to the full 充分利用某物
8．take action 采取行动
9．take possession of ．．． 占有/拥有/取得……(强调动作)
10．spill over 溢出
(二)写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义
1．Running along the beach， she stumbled on a log and fell on the sand． 原木
2．In the second game， her opponent hurt her leg and she had to retire． 对手
3．The possession of large amounts of money does not ensure happiness． 拥有
4．Neither side took prisoners or showed any mercy．仁慈
5．The oil slick seriously threatens marine life around the islands． 海的
维度二　语境运用
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．I have in my possession a letter which may be of interest to you．
2．Seasonal migration (migrate) is another form of escape， especially for large mammals or birds．
3．They exploited local crises to make (make) worldwide gains．
4．The conviction of their son's murderer (murder) helped to give them a sense of closure．
5．I know where to find (find) the young man who behaves with integrity．
(四)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分
opponent， log， mercy， address， predict
1．The next meeting will settle the problem of truancy．address
2．After only one game， the chess champion had the measure of his young rival．opponent
3．It is impossible to forecast what will happen．predict
4．Her childhood is recorded in the diaries of those years．logged
5．The gunmen showed no kindness， killing innocent men and women． mercy
维度三　能力提升
(五)长难句分析
(2024·全国甲卷)The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem， particularly in the poorer， rural areas east of the Volga River， including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk．
句意：政府一直在努力想措施以应对这个问题，特别是在伏尔加河以东较为贫困的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，以及扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生在该国像克拉斯诺亚尔斯克这样的偏远地区行医。
分析：句子主干是The government has struggled to come up with measures，是“主谓宾”结构。to address the problem作后置定语，修饰measures; and连接两个动名词短语arranging ．．． 和expanding ．．．，作including的宾语；不定式短语to motivate doctors作目的状语；to practice medicine作宾语补足语。
(六)句型转换
1．The impact of social media on our daily lives is so great that it's beyond our thought．(改为比较状语从句)
→The impact of social media on our daily lives is greater than we think．
2．Exercise improves our physical health; meanwhile， it enhances our mental well being．(改为not only ．．． but also ．．．)
→Not only does exercise improve our physical health， but it also enhances our mental well being．
维度四　素养提升
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．We need more time to see how things develop before we take action (在我们采取行动前)．
2．I went out for dinner last night and drank large amounts of red wine (大量红酒)．
3．We've already bought the house but we won't take possession of it (没有拥有它) until May．
(八)翻译
1．随着时间的流逝，贫富之间的差距越来越小。(as引导的时间状语从句)
As time goes by， the divisions between rich and poor are getting less deep．
2．取笑残疾人是不对的。(动词不定式短语作主语)
To make fun of the disabled is not right．
课后课时作业(一)
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比70%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
(2024·天津市河东区高二下期中)Every small child knows the panic of losing sight of its mother in the supermarket， and as the pictures show， small whales obviously feel the same way．
Taken by a British diver who was following the sperm whale (抹香鲸) calf， they show the minute the baby—who had lost track of its mum—found her again in the sea off the Azores．
Jumping 30 ft across the waves， the newborn slammed (猛力推) its body onto the water with joy after becoming separated from its family group in the cold waters．
But the whale calf was doing more than just jumping for joy．
Justin Hart， who took the pictures， said that young whales communicate with older ones in the ocean by creating a slamming sound which travels through the water to the ears of the adults deep below．
By jumping out of the water and slamming its 12 ft long body onto the surface of the sea up to 30 times， the baby whale is telling its relatives where it is so they can regroup．
He said， “Sperm whales， of all the whales and dolphins， are the species that dive the deepest and for the longest time．”
“The calves have to follow what's going on below them from the surface—probably listening to the echo location (回声定位) clicks of the adults．”
“However， sometimes the adults re surface far out of sight of the calf， and in this situation the whales often jump out of the water causing a large bang as their bodies hit the surface． In this way， whale family can regroup．”
Sperm whales live in nearly all the world's oceans in groups of about 15 to 20 animals and they practice communal (集体的) childcare． The calves do not have to follow their mother too closely as a sperm whale calf can take milk from any milk producing female in its social group．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于抹香鲸的新发现——小鲸鱼可以通过身体拍打水面找寻自己的妈妈。
1．The underlined word“they”in Paragraph 2 probably refers to ________．
A．the whales B．the divers
C．the photos D．the mothers
答案：C
解析：指代判断题。根据第一段内容以及第二段中的“Taken by a British diver who was following the sperm whale (抹香鲸) calf”可知，英国潜水员拍的这些照片显示了失去母亲踪迹的小鲸鱼在亚速尔群岛附近再次找到母亲的那一刻，由此可知，they指代的是上文提到的照片。故选C。
2．According to Justin Hart， the young sperm whale ________．
A．found its family with his help
B．suffered a lot in the cold waters
C．lost contact with its family for days
D．slammed as a means of communication
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，抹香鲸幼崽通过拍击水面来与成年抹香鲸交流。故选D。
3．What do we know about sperm whales
A．The young are independent．
B．They are highly social animals．
C．They tend to live in warm sea waters．
D．Females take turns to care for babies．
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Sperm whales live in ．．． practice communal (集体的) childcare．”可知，抹香鲸会成群地生活，实行集体育儿，由此可推知，它们是高度群居性动物。故选B。
B
(2024·上海市闵行区高二下期末)As midnight approaches in Svalbard， a young polar bear climbs onto an iceberg (冰山) and carves himself a temporary bed before falling asleep． This peaceful moment， capturing the essence of Earth's delicacy， was taken by Nima Sarikhani， who won Wildlife Photographer of the Year People's Choice Award， which is decided by public vote．
Sarikhani， from the UK， spent three days searching Norway's Svalbard islands in the hope of catching sight of these symbolic Arctic (北极的) animals． He was finally rewarded with the sight of both an older and younger male shortly after his ship changed course． Sarikhani seized the chance to take a photo of the younger bear sleeping on the iceberg—a scene that not only awakens the bond between an animal and its habitat， but also the need to act on global challenges like climate change and habitat loss．
These days， the sight of a lone polar bear on melting ice is a familiar symbol of the impact of climate change． But that is for a good reason: global warming is having a particularly rapid effect on the Arctic， which is heating up at a rate three times as high as that of the average around the world． Among those hardest hit are these bears， which are increasingly threatened by the reduction in sea ice cover that they rely on to hunt and raise young．
Though his photo is intended to arouse emotion in those who see it， Sarikhani is optimistic that with the right actions， it isn't too late for polar bears． The image was displayed in an exhibition at the Natural History Museum， London， along with the competition's four runners up， until 30 June．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过摄影师Nima Sarikhani (尼玛·萨里哈尼)拍摄的一张睡在融化的冰川上的孤独的北极熊的照片，展现出全球气候变暖对生物的影响，以此激励人们行动起来保护北极熊。
4．Sarikhani's journey in Svalbard can be described as ________．
A．purposeful B．leisurely
C．profit driven D．research led
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sarikhani， from the UK ．．． these symbolic Arctic (北极的) animals．”可知，Sarikhani的这次旅行是有目的的。故选A。
5．It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________．
A．polar bears are likely to die out
B．the warming of the Arctic just begins
C．sea ice cover is vital for polar bears' survival
D．polar bears are adapting well to climate change
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Among those hardest hit ．．． to hunt and raise young．”可推知，海冰覆盖对于北极熊的生存极其重要。故选C。
6．According to the last paragraph， what's Sarikhani's hope for the impact of his photo
A．To arouse people's sadness for the scene．
B．To motivate people to protect polar bears．
C．To attract more visitors to the Arctic．
D．To boost the popularity of the exhibition．
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Though his photo ．．． it isn't too late for polar bears．”可推知，Sarikhani的照片旨在激励人们行动起来保护北极熊。故选B。
7．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．Svalbard's quietness: Polar bears' comfortable zone
B．Arctic adventure: Search for a dramatic landscape
C．Bearing witness: Polar bears' shelter on melting ice
D．Ice and isolation: A faraway natural wonder
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过一张睡在融化的冰川上的孤独的北极熊的照片，展现出全球气候变暖对生物的影响，以此激励人们行动起来保护北极熊，C项(见证：北极熊在融化的冰上的避难所)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ　应用文写作
日本将核污水排海的事件引起了国际上的广泛关注。假如你是李华，请向某中学生英语报刊环保专栏投稿，表达对此事的看法。内容包括：
1．发表看法；
2．发出呼吁。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇： 核污水 nuclear contaminated water
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[精彩范文]
Japan has poured nuclear contaminated water into the sea， which caused widespread international attention．
I strongly condemn this action． As human beings， we should protect our sea and pouring nuclear contaminated water into the sea should be forbidden． For one thing， nuclear contaminated water may cause many sea animals to die． For another， people who eat marine products from the polluted sea will be sick．
As we all know， the ocean is very important for people． Pouring nuclear contaminated water into the sea is harmful to sea animals and human beings， which should be stopped．
　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·湖南省长沙市平高集团六校联考高二下期末)We moved to a small seaside community in New Zealand 10 years ago， because my husband Phil worked as a biologist and he had to do research near the sea． I had seen seals (海豹) around Pilot Bay， which is near here． Sometimes you see them out on the rocks， sunning themselves or playing—but usually in their own territory． They never thought about disturbing their neighbors．
It was a dark winter morning in August this year when a seal came． At 5：50 am， I left the house to go fitness training． I went down to the car parked in the driveway and heard a growl (咆哮)． I thought our cat， Coco， must have chased a dog under the car． I jumped into the car to avoid getting my ankles bitten， and moved slowly， but then I felt the car hit something． When I got out to have a look， I couldn't see anything and thought it must have moved on． Then when I got back into my seat， I saw a baby seal in the headlights．
I thought， “Oh， my God，” but didn't panic—the ocean is just down the driveway and I thought it would find its way back． Off I went to the training center and gave everyone there a laugh when I said， “Sorry I'm late; there was a seal under the car．” I didn't think about it again until I got home． As I walked through the garage (车库)， I noticed our baskets had been moved． I wondered if it was the seal， but then I guessed it could not be the seal because I didn't think it could fit through the cat door， which was the only way into the garage． But I was wrong． As I opened the door to the house， I brushed something and heard this flip flip flip flip sound， and thought， “My God， that is the seal．”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
It was so cute like a lovely soft toy．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 We called Animal Protection Station， and a worker came over． 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5R解读故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
I， Phil (husband)， a baby seal， a worker from the Animal Protection Station
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
A baby seal came to my car in the morning and into my garage later．
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
I was panic to see a baby seal in the headlights and thought it would go back to the sea but I was surprised to find it in the garage later．
5．Read for theme (主题)
We should raise the awareness of protecting animals．
4步确定框架
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
For us， it was pretty good to see so many people care for our lovely wild neighbors: seals．
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
On Phil's arriving home， we immediately looked for the contact information．
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
It had watery eyes and looked at me like a child， which made me desperately want to keep it secretly．
第二段：
It was sad to see the little lovely wild creature wrapped up in a net to be taken away， but a great relief lifted from my inner heart when the worker said it would be released into the sea after being checked．
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
It had watery eyes and looked at me like a child， which made me desperately want to keep it secretly． But I knew it was a wild animal and it should be back to its home， because wild animals belong to the wild． With a deep sigh， I phoned Phil， who was on his way home from a work trip． He told me that wild animals smelled bad and I probably never knew how sharp their teeth were．
第二段：
It was sad to see the little lovely wild creature wrapped up in a net to be taken away， but a great relief lifted from my inner heart when the worker said it would be released into the sea after being checked． Experiencing this fortuitous encounter with the seal reminded me that we should help raise the awareness of protecting seals． So， I together with Phil， posted the photos on the social media and it snowballed．
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家于10年前搬到了新西兰的一个海边小社区，有一天作者发现一只小海豹出现在自家门前。作者给丈夫打了电话，夫妇俩是如何处置这头小海豹的？这次经历给作者带来什么样的感悟？
[精彩范文]
It was so cute like a lovely soft toy． It had watery eyes and looked at me like a child， which made me desperately want to keep it secretly． But I knew it was a wild animal and it should be back to its home， because wild animals belong to the wild． With a deep sigh， I phoned Phil， who was on his way home from a work trip． He told me that wild animals smelled bad and I probably never knew how sharp their teeth were． On Phil's arriving home， we immediately looked for the contact information．
We called Animal Protection Station， and a worker came over． It was sad to see the little lovely wild creature wrapped up in a net to be taken away， but a great relief lifted from my inner heart when the worker said it would be released into the sea after being checked． Experiencing this fortuitous encounter with the seal reminded me that we should help raise the awareness of protecting seals． So， I together with Phil， posted the photos on the social media and it snowballed． For us， it was pretty good to see so many people care for our lovely wild neighbors: seals．
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1． 2． 3．
课后课时作业(二)
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
难度 ★★ ★★★ ★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
(2024·湖北省部分省级示范高中高二下期中)In habitats across the planet， animals periodically drop everything to walk， fly or swim to a new place． Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents． Others， including small songbirds， gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code． And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration．
Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model， and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way． Take the Cory's shearwater， an oceangoing sea bird that migrates over the Atlantic every year． The young do not migrate with their parents， so culture cannot explain their journeys． And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual， making genetics equally unlikely．
Cory's shearwaters are long lived， rarely producing young successfully before age nine． This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns． Researchers call this the “exploration refinement”， and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals' movements．
But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine． They found that younger birds traveled longer distances， for longer periods， and had more diverse paths than older birds． “We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration refinement’ for migratory birds，” says Letizia Campioni， who led the study． Younger Cory's shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults—but they do not， suggesting that the young do more exploring， which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course．
Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies， “exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms (生物) in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man made changes，” says Barbara Frei． “It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe．”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对Cory海鸥迁徙的模式的研究。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．It describes animals' habitats．
B．It talks about migration models．
C．It compares different species．
D．It introduces a tracking technology．
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“Wildlife such as whales and geese ．．． to guide their migration．”可知，本段主要讲述动物迁徙的模式。故选B。
2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The opening for learning and practice．
B．The unique living habit of Cory's shearwaters．
C．The way Cory's shearwaters form their migration patterns．
D．The process scientists track Cory's shearwaters' movements．
答案：C
解析：指代判断题。根据第三段中的“Cory's shearwaters are long lived ．．． Researchers call this the ‘exploration refinement’”可知，Cory海鸥寿命很长，很少能在9岁之前成功繁殖后代。这为学习和实践发展它们的迁移模式留下了空间，研究人员称这种模式为“探索—优化”。由此可知，画线词this指代的是Cory海鸥迁徙模式形成的方式。故选C。
3．What does Letizia's study find about the younger Cory's shearwaters
A．They travel as much as adult birds．
B．They move in a predictable manner．
C．They lower the speed for exploration．
D．They look for a course with their parents．
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Younger Cory's shearwaters are able to ．．． and settle into a preferred course．”可知，Letizia (莱蒂齐娅)的研究发现小Cory海鸥为了做更多的探索降低了它们的飞行速度。故选C。
4．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A．Man made changes make migration easier．
B．Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track．
C．Course exploration contributes to birds' adaptability．
D．A combination of strategies assures migration success．
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although it may seem ．．． says Barbara Frei．”可推知，路线探索有助于鸟类的适应能力。故选C。
B
(2024·湖北省恩施州咸丰春晖高级中学高二下月考)For the history of life on Earth， organisms have relied on the light of the sun， moon， and stars to find their way and schedule their lives． While the beginning of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans， it has caused problems in the natural world． Among the impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN)， light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences， contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations， and convinces sea turtle babies to amble (缓行) away from the water instead of towards it．
Now， a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals (珊瑚) into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce．
Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning (产卵) observations， researchers were able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlit corals． “That shift may reduce the survival and fertilization success of gametes (配子) and genetic connectivity between nearby lit and unlit coral systems，” they explain．
“Corals are among the most biodiverse， economically important， and threatened ecosystems on the planet，” write the authors of the study．
“Climate change has led to mass bleaching (褪色) events． Habitat destruction， fisheries， and pollution have reduced corals substantially since the 1950s，” they write， adding， “The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years．”
If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing， we could perhaps look to delay the switching on of night time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise when coral reproduction remains undisturbed．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海滨城市照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响。
5．Why is the first paragraph written
A．To present the topic of the text．
B．To advocate energy conservation．
C．To explain a natural phenomenon．
D．To provide background information．
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，本段介绍了始于 19 世纪末的人造光源对自然界产生的不好的影响，结合下文阐述人造光对于珊瑚的危害可推知，第一段的目的是提供背景信息。故选D。
6．What does the underlined word “optimum” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Possible． B．Appropriate．
C．Flexible． D．Sensitive．
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。画线词后的“when they would normally reproduce”为定语从句，修饰the optimum times，由此可知，“the optimum times”指的是“珊瑚正常的繁殖时间”，画线词与appropriate意思相近，意为“合适的，恰当的”。故选B。
7．What is the researchers' major concern over corals
A．Extinction． B．Losing value．
C．Terrible diseases． D．Exposure to moonlight．
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years．”可知，研究人员最大的担心是珊瑚的灭绝。故选A。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Creatures Rely on Natural Lights to Schedule Their Life
B．Night time Lighting Shortens Natural Dark Period
C．Coastal Lights Trick Corals into Early Spawning
D．Light Pollution Leads to Serious Consequences
答案：C
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响，这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响。C项(海岸灯光诱使珊瑚提早产卵)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ　七选五
(2024·河北省保定市部分高中高二下联考)In a world record effort to help save a rare sea creature， Australian scientists have released hundreds of baby seahorses into the wild． The tiny seahorses are endangered， and the scientists hope the new seahorses will help their numbers grow．
Seahorses are small， thin fish with a long mouth． They're called “seahorses” because they look a bit like horses． Even though they're fish， seahorses aren't great swimmers． __1__
There are over 40 different kinds of seahorses． They mostly live in warm， shallow waters around the world． They are often found in coral reefs， in beds of seagrass， and areas where rivers empty into the sea． __2__ They eat tiny sea creatures and are eaten by bigger sea animals， such as crabs．
Many kinds of seahorses are threatened， often by the actions of humans． __3__ They are also sometimes caught by accident when boats are trying to catch other fish．
__4__ Males have a special pouch (育儿袋) that allows them to carry over 100 babies at a time． The tiny babies are born alive and can swim right away． When they're born the babies are about the size of a grain of rice．
This is the fifth time the scientists have released seahorses into the area， and this is a new record． __5__ The researchers say about 90% of them survived， which is unusually high． The researchers put tiny tags under the skin of many of the seahorses to help track them in the future．
A．Seahorse babies are easy to carry．
B．Around 380 seahorses were released．
C．Sometimes they're caught and sold as pets．
D．People should be prohibited from catching seahorses．
E．Seahorses form an important part of the ocean's food chain．
F．They often use their tails to hold onto something in the water．
G．Seahorses are unusual because it's the males who carry the babies．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为增加海马的数量，澳大利亚科学家第五次向大海投放海马，这次成活率创历史新高。
1．答案：F
解析：根据上文“Even though they're fish， seahorses aren't great swimmers．”可知，海马不擅长游泳，F项(它们常用尾巴抓住水里的东西来固定身体。)承接上文，F项中的“They”指代上文中的“seahorses”。故选F。
2．答案：E
解析：根据下文“They eat tiny sea creatures and are eaten by bigger sea animals， such as crabs．”可知，海马是海洋食物链的组成部分。E项(海马是海洋食物链的重要组成部分。)符合语境。故选E。
3．答案：C
解析：根据上文“Many kinds of seahorses are threatened， often by the actions of humans．”可知，海马受到人类行为的威胁。C项(有时它们会被捕获并作为宠物出售。)承接上文，具体解释人类对海马的威胁。故选C。
4．答案：G
解析：根据下文“Males have a special pouch (育儿袋)”可知，雄性海马有育儿袋。G项(海马是不寻常的，因为它是雄性携带幼崽。)引出下文。故选G。
5．答案：B
解析：上文“This is the fifth time ．．． this is a new record．”提到科学家们向海洋投放海马；下文“The researchers say about 90%of them survived， which is unusually high．”提到海马的存活率。B项(大约380只海马被投放。)承上启下。故选B。
　单元写作
单元写作——关于海洋勘探的议论文
本单元的写作要求围绕海洋勘探写一篇议论文。针对这种观点输出的议论文写作，我们要注意以下几个方面：
1．观点要清晰。在写作中要清晰地呈现对海洋勘探一事的观点，并且要重点突出、观点明确。
2．用词要准确。在写作中要运用恰当的词汇，这样才能有理有据、表达准确。
3．叙述要生动。当描述双方就不同的观点进行激烈交锋时，要渲染出饱满、激昂的辩论气氛，做到让读者感同身受。
4．结尾要强调。在写作的结尾，应强调同意或反对某一方观点。
5．主旨要正面。在文章的结尾处，除了做好总结以外，也要给读者留下一个积极正面的印象，让读者能从中有所收获。
Recently there is a heated debate over the exploration of sea in our class． Some of the students subscribe to the view that ________ (一方观点)． That's because it will make it possible ________ (理由)． In addition， ________ (论据支持)． However， others are against it， because they believe ________ (另一方观点)． Worse still， ________ (补充观点)． Personally， sea exploration should be balanced with economic needs． Hopefully， ________ (个人观点)．
※开头常用句式
1．We had a discussion about whether it is necessary to ．．．
我们讨论了是否有必要……
2．What impresses me most is that some are strongly against it while others approve of it．
令我印象最深的是，有些人强烈反对，而另一些人则赞成。
3．Recently， the problem of ．．． has aroused people's concern．
最近，……的问题引起了人们的注意。
※主体段落常用句式
1．Many students agreed with ocean exploration for two reasons．
许多学生赞成海洋探索有两个原因。
2．However， the past ten years has witnessed that some creatures have died out due to the marine pollution， which has been greatly concerned by the whole world．
然而，在过去的十年里，由于海洋污染，一些生物已经灭绝，这已经引起了全世界的极大关注。
3．Some think it important to explore the sea because we can have a better understanding of the marine ecosystem．
有些人认为探索海洋很重要，因为我们可以更好地了解海洋生态系统。
4．However， some students highlighted the pollution caused by human activities and the potential serious consequences of excessive exploration．
然而，一些学生强调了人类活动造成的污染以及过度勘探可能带来的严重后果。
5．Sea exploration might help improve our understanding of the life on the earth．
海洋探索可能有助于增进我们对地球上生命的了解。
6．Information from ocean exploration is very important， which helps us to predict earthquakes and tsunamis．
来自海洋探索的信息很重要，这些信息有助于我们预测地震和海啸。
※结尾常用句式
1．Everything has two sides and it is not an exception: it has both advantages and disadvantages．
任何事情都有两面性，它也不例外：它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
2．In my opinion， it is more advisable to do ．．． than to do ．．．
我的观点是做……比做……更明智。
3．As far as I'm concerned， balancing the needs of ocean development and conservation is essential to ensure the health and sustainability of this crucial resource．
就我而言，平衡海洋开发和保护的需求对于确保这一重要资源的健康和可持续性至关重要。
最近，你班同学就“Is Sea Exploration Worthwhile？”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文，记录讨论的情况，并谈谈自己的看法。
30%的同学认为 70%的同学认为 你的观点
1．不值得探索 2．会对海洋造成污染 3．一些人残忍猎杀一些海洋动物，导致它们灭绝 1．值得探索 2．为了更好地了解我们的星球，必须进行海洋探索 3．海洋拥有丰富的资源，有助于解决能源短缺问题 ……
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[精彩范文]
Is Sea Exploration Worthwhile
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether it is necessary to explore the sea． Students hold different ideas about it．
30% of us think sea exploration is not worthwhile， holding the opinion that it will pollute the sea． Some people hunt marine animals without mercy， causing them to die out． However， 70% of us think the sea is worth exploring， which is beneficial to human beings． To better understand our planet， we must explore the sea． Moreover， the sea is abundant in a variety of resources， which enables us to address the important issue of energy shortages．
As far as I am concerned， it's worthwhile to explore the sea for the benefit of future generations． Meanwhile， we should exploit the sea properly．
7(共128张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 3　 SEA EXPLORATION
单元主题：人与自然——海洋探索
Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
——Listening and Speaking——
一、听力微技能3——海洋探险类
英语听力中，海洋探险类文章往往充满了专业术语、描述性的语言和可能的文化背景知识，这对听者来说既是一种挑战也是一次丰富的体验。以下是一些提升海洋探险类文章听力技能的策略：
1．积累专业词汇
提前学习与海洋探险相关的词汇，如海洋生物(dolphins， whales， sharks， coral reefs)、航海术语(nautical chart， compass， anchor， buoy)、气候与天气条件(typhoon， tsunami， squall line)、探险装备(diving suit， sonar， GPS， life raft)等。
2．熟悉文章结构
海洋探险类文章通常遵循一定的结构，如介绍探险目的、描述出发准备、讲述探险过程(遇到的困难、发现的奇观等)、总结探险成果或感悟。了解这种结构有助于更好地预测和理解接下来的内容。
3．注意细节信息
探险类文章往往包含大量细节，如地理位置、时间线、具体事件等。学会捕捉这些信息，可以更全面地理解文章内容。
听力文本：
Good afternoon， everyone! I'll be your guide as we tour the Ocean Park today． You're learning about creatures that live in the ocean． Let's take a look at this fish first here． This fish is called a yellow headed jawfish． It gets its name from its unique color and a large mouth． Although it is narrow and a bit small in size， you can spot it easily because of its shining blue and yellow body． Their unique look makes them a favorite with visitors， but watch out! These fish get scared easily and may jump out of uncovered tanks． Next， you will see a long， brown colored fish． It's called a mudskipper， and it is amazing because it can live in water or on land． They can move
through the mud， where they find most of their food． Mudskippers eat a variety of plants and animals． When they get hot， these fish exhibit some unusual behaviors． They roll around in the mud to keep cool． Alright， let's go to see one more creature and then we'll have time for questions!
Q：1．Where do jawfishes get their name
A．From their head．
B．From their color．
C．From their size．
2．What do we know about jawfishes
A．They like playing a trick．
B．They're friendly to visitors．
C．They're popular with visitors．
3．Why does the speaker find mudskippers amazing
A．They can live both on land and in water．
B．They feed on plants and animals in water．
C．They are able to survive high temperature．
4．What are the listeners going to do next
A．Draw the creatures．
B．Ask some questions．
C．Watch another creature．
1．原文中提到“This fish is called a yellow headed jawfish． It gets its name from its unique color and a large mouth．”，这句话明确说明了黄头颚鱼的名字来源于它独特的颜色和一张大嘴。故选B。
2．原文中提到“Their unique look makes them a favorite with visitors”，这句话直接说明了黄头颚鱼因其独特的外观而受到游客的喜爱，即它们很受游客欢迎。故选C。
3．原文中提到“It's called a mudskipper， and it is amazing because it can live in water or on land．”，这句话明确指出了弹涂鱼(mudskipper)的惊人之处在于它们既能在水中生活，也能在陆地上生活。故选A。
4．原文中最后提到“Alright， let‘s go to see one more creature and then we’ll have time for questions！”，这句话说明接下来听众们要去看另一种生物。故选C。
二、话题口语表达(开放型)
1．How do you understand the speaker's words Have you learned more about ocean animals
2．What do you think about the environment the ocean creatures live in Is it an urgent issue to focus on environmental protection
WELCOME UNIT
——Reading for Writing——
预习检测 词汇打卡
自主学习 课文语篇
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 课时重点
3
对点练习 巩固所学
4
课后课时作业（一）
5
课后课时作业（二）
6
预习检测 词汇打卡
一、阅读单词：写出汉语含义
1．directory n．____________________________________________
2．gallon n．_________________________________________
3．marine adj．_______________________
名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录
加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4．5升)
海的；海产的；海生的
二、核心单词：写出英文单词
1．___________ adv． 与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
2．_______ vt． 开发；利用；剥削
3．___________ n． [usually pl．] 个人财产；拥有；控制
4．__________ n． 反对者；对手；竞争者
5．______ n． 逮捕；拘留；中止　vt． 逮捕；拘留；阻止
meanwhile
exploit
possession
opponent
arrest
三、拓展单词：写出下列单词的词性转换(可查字典)
1．migration n． 迁移；迁徙；移居→_______v． 迁移；移动；转移
2．murder vt． 谋杀；凶杀；毁坏　n． 谋杀；凶杀→________ n． 谋杀犯；凶手
3．mercy n． 仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→_________ adj． 仁慈的；慈悲的；宽大的→__________ adj． 无情的；残忍的；毫不怜悯的
migrate
murderer
merciful
merciless
四、熟词生义：写出熟义
log 熟义：n．________
生义：vt． 把……载入正式记录；记录
n． 正式记录；原木
日志
自主学习　课文语篇
When1 people talk of exploring the sea more2， they usually mean exploiting it3．Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more4．
人们在谈论扩大海洋勘探的时候，通常指的是海洋开发。海洋勘探已经造成了许多问题，并将继续引发更多问题。
课文三维剖析
1引导__________从句
2动名词短语作talk of的_________
时间状语
Text 1
文本1
宾语
3动名词短语作动词mean的_______
4动词不定式短语作动词continue的_______
5现在分词短语作___________
More exploration means more pollution． The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010． Plastic pollution is also bad， killing many birds and fish5， and has even been found in our tap water．
扩大勘探意味着污染加剧。2010年“深水地平线”号钻井平台在海中溢出了两亿多加仑的石油。塑料污染也十分严重，导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。
宾语
宾语
结果状语
6引导______________从句，解释说明整个主句
7引导_________从句
8连接两个________
9引导_____从句，在从句中没有语义，不作成分，可省略
Mining for resources is very damaging， especially in the Arctic． Because of climate change， there is less ice now， which6 means we can look for more fossil fuels further north． But if7 we burn these， the ice will melt more and8 this negative cycle will continue． Climate change is warning us that9 something is very wrong．
非限制性定语
条件状语
并列分句
宾语
资源开采极具破坏性，尤其是在北极地区。由于气候变化，现在冰川减少了，这意味着我们可以在更北的地方寻找更多的化石燃料。但是，如果我们烧尽这些燃料，冰川将融化得更多，这一不良循环将持续下去。气候变化正警告我们情况不妙。
10引导__________从句
11介词短语作___________
Overfishing is another problem． Whales and dolphins are also hunted for their meat or for so called research． Although10 this was banned in 1982， some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy11．
过度捕捞是另一个问题。鲸鱼和海豚也遭到捕杀，成为盘中美食或用于所谓的研究。尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
让步状语
方式状语
12引导___________从句
The sea is home to life， not human beings’ possessions． It is huge， but it is more sensitive than12 we think． If we do not protect it， future generations will not forgive us．
海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。海洋广阔无垠，但比我们想象的更为敏感。如果我们不保护它，子孙后代将不会原谅我们。
比较状语
Text 2
文本2
13动词不定式短语作________
14引导____从句，修饰______
15引导______从句，在从句中作_______
16引导__________从句
To truly understand our planet13， we must explore the oceans which14 cover most of it． Opponents may be concerned， but sea exploration is important for our future． For example， scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change． We need to understand what15 is happening to our planet so that16 we can take action． Therefore， more research is necessary．
目的状语
定语
oceans
宾语
主语
目的状语
为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。反对者也许会忧心忡忡，但是海洋探索对我们的未来十分重要。例如，科学考察船可以帮助应对像气候变化这种重要的问题。我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。因此，有必要开展更多的研究。
17动名词短语作_____
18动词不定式短语作___________， manage
前省略了_____
Understanding more about the sea17 will also help us manage its resources better18． Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth． It may help us discover new medicines， as well as new sources of food and energy． Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes．
深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。记载新物种将提升我们对地球上的生命的了解。这可能还会帮助我们发现新的药物，以及新的食物和能源来源。深海探索还有可能会帮助我们预测地震等事件。
主语
宾语补足语
to
19连接两个___________
20 not just ... but also ... 连接两个_____________
The population of the world is growing and19 we need new resources for future development． There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice， not just oil and gas but also20 valuable minerals．
世界人口正在不断增长，我们需要新的资源来维系未来的发展。海洋和冰川之下可能蕴藏着大量的资源，不仅仅是石油和天然气，还有珍贵的矿物。
并列分句
名词短语
21引导___________从句，意为“_______”
22动名词短语作介词for的_____
Of course， there are still environmental risks． However， these should be balanced with economic needs． Hopefully， as21 technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance22．
当然，环境风险仍然存在。但是，这些风险应该与经济需求相平衡。随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。
时间状语
随着
宾语
(一)课文导图填空
阅读领悟
more pollution
Plastic pollution
damaging
climate change
life
medicines
(二)判断正误(T/F)
1．Sea exploration have caused many problems， and will not continue to cause more．(_____)
2．Scientific research ships can address important issues， such as climate change．(_____)
3．Mining for resources doesn't damage the ocean environment．(_____)
4．Understanding more about the sea won't be able to help us manage its resources better．(_____)
5．Overfishing was banned in 1982， but some countries are still doing so．(____)
6．The population of the world is larger and larger， and we need new resources for future development．(_____)
F
T
F
F
T
T
(三)问题链
1．What is the genre of two texts
_____________________
2．What are the two authors' opinions about the sea exploration and why
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．How did the evidence prove the authors' points
________________________________________________
Argumentative essay．
The author of Text 1 is against sea exploration， because the sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more． The author of Text 2 is in favor of sea exploration， because in order to truly understand our planet， we must explore the ocean．
The authors cite examples and facts to prove their points．
合作探究 课时重点
探究一　热词
1．exploit vt． 开发；利用；剥削(教材P32)
exploitation n． 剥削，压榨；利用；开发
exploit sth to the full 充分利用某物
exploit sth to do sth 利用某物去做某事
exploit sth for sth 利用某物获取某物
①Starvation and poverty are the results of global economic exploitation， not lack of resources．
饥饿和贫困是全球经济剥削的结果，而不是资源匮乏的结果。
②She wanted to exploit that opportunity to the full．
她希望充分利用那个机会。
③He exploited his father's name to get himself a job．
他利用他父亲的名声为自己谋到了一份工作。
④Critics claim he exploited the mine for personal gain．
批评人士声称他为了个人利益而开采矿山。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Conservationists are concerned over the effect of commercial _____________
(exploit) of forests．
②They exploited the natural resources of the region _____economic growth， but without sustainable practices．
③There is no doubt that some environmental advocates are willing to exploit the dynamic ____the full．
exploitation
for
to
【学会表达】完成句子
④我们应该利用我们丰富的资源发展经济。
We should ________________________________________．
⑤该计划不能成为雇主剥削工人的工具。
The plan cannot become a tool for employers __________________．
exploit our rich resources to expand the economy
to exploit workers
2．possession n． [usually pl．] 个人财产；拥有；控制(教材P32)
possess vt． 持有，拥有；具有(品质或能力)
take possession of ... 占有/拥有/取得……(强调动作)
(be) in possession of ... 拥有……(强调状态)
(be) in the possession of ... 归……所有
in one's possession ……为某人所拥有
①The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works．
这个画廊藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。
②We didn't take possession of the car until a few days after the auction．
拍卖会过后几天，我们才拿到那辆汽车。
③Students in possession of good time management skills are more likely to perform well in universities．
拥有良好的时间管理技能的学生更有可能在大学里表现出色。
④Those documents are now in the possession of the Washington Post．
那些文件现在归《华盛顿邮报》所有。
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①People had lost their homes and all their _____________(possess)．
②My old house is ____the possession of an old lady now．
③She was found in possession ____stolen goods．
【学会表达】翻译
④他们两人都没有信用卡。
__________________________________________
possessions
in
of
Neither of them possessed a credit card．
3　log
[熟义] n． 日志
[生义] vt．_____________________________
n．__________________
把……载入正式记录；记录
正式记录；原木
①He dumped the logs on the big stone hearth．
他把木柴扔到那个大石炉上。
②They log everyone and everything that comes in and out of here．
他们把在这里出入的人和发生的事都记入日志。
③The scientist carefully analyzed the log data from the experiment to draw conclusions．
科学家仔细分析了实验中的日志数据以得出结论。
【学会运用】同义词替换
①The engineer kept a detailed log of the machine's operating hours and maintenance procedures．_________
【学会表达】完成句子
②我每天都记录我在项目上的进展情况，以确保自己按计划进行。
I ________________________________every day to ensure I stayed on track．
record
logged my progress on the project
探究二　长难句分析
4．Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance．(教材P32)
随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。
【分析】　本句是主从复合句，as technology improves 是时间状语从句，as 意为“随着”。
as用作连词时，可引导时间、原因、让步、方式状语从句等：
引导时间状语从句时，与while意义相近，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事一发生，另一事立刻发生
引导原因状语从句时，与because用法相近
引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然，尽管”，此处从句常用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或者动词原形置于as之前
引导方式状语从句时，意为“正如；按照；以……方式”
①His theory proved to be correct as time went on．
随着时间的推移，他的理论被证明是正确的。(时间状语从句)
②As it was getting very late， we soon turned back．
因为天越来越晚了，我们很快就返回了。(原因状语从句)
③Young as he is， he has been one of the most famous painters in our country．
虽然他还很年轻，但已经成为我们国家最有名的画家之一。(让步状语从句)
④You should do it as I told you．
你应该按照我告诉你的方式去做。(方式状语从句)
【学会运用】单句语法填空
①Much _____they hope to go home tomorrow， they're resigned to staying on until the end of the year．
②As time ______(go) by， we may need to change arrangements．
【学会表达】完成句子
③随着年龄的增长，我们会变得更聪明。
We get wiser ________________．
as
goes
as we get older
对点练习 巩固所学
维度一　高频词汇
(一)写出下列单词和短语的英文
1．_______ n． 逮捕；拘留；中止　vt． 逮捕；拘留；阻止
2．__________ adv． 与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
3．________ vt． 开发；利用；剥削
4．__________ n． 反对者；对手；竞争者
5．___________ n． [usually pl．] 个人财产；拥有；控制
arrest
meanwhile
exploit
opponent
possession
6．_______________ 巨量的
7．_________________ 充分利用某物
8．__________ 采取行动
9．___________________ 占有/拥有/取得……(强调动作)
10．__________ 溢出
vast amounts of
exploit sth to the full
take action
take possession of ...
spill over
(二)写出下列句子中加黑部分的汉语释义
1．Running along the beach， she stumbled on a log and fell on the sand．_____
2．In the second game， her opponent hurt her leg and she had to retire．______
3．The possession of large amounts of money does not ensure happiness．______
4．Neither side took prisoners or showed any mercy．______
5．The oil slick seriously threatens marine life around the islands．_____
原木
对手
拥有
仁慈
海的
维度二　语境运用
(三)根据语境填入恰当的内容
1．I have ____my possession a letter which may be of interest to you．
2．Seasonal __________(migrate) is another form of escape， especially for large mammals or birds．
3．They exploited local crises __________(make) worldwide gains．
4．The conviction of their son's __________(murder) helped to give them a sense of closure．
5．I know where ______(find) the young man who behaves with integrity．
in
migration
to make
murderer
to find
(四)用方框中单词的正确形式替换下列句子中的加黑部分
1．The next meeting will settle the problem of truancy．_______
2．After only one game， the chess champion had the measure of his young rival．__________
3．It is impossible to forecast what will happen．_______
4．Her childhood is recorded in the diaries of those years．________
5．The gunmen showed no kindness， killing innocent men and women．_______
address
opponent， log， mercy， address， predict
opponent
predict
logged
mercy
维度三　能力提升
(五)长难句分析
(2024·全国甲卷)The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem， particularly in the poorer， rural areas east of the Volga River， including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk．
句意：政府一直在努力想措施以应对这个问题，特别是在伏尔加河以东较为贫困的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，以及扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生在该国像克拉斯诺亚尔斯克这样的偏远地区行医。
分析：句子主干是______________________________________________，是“_______”结构。to address the problem作________，修饰measures; and连接两个动名词短语arranging ... 和expanding ...，作including的宾语；不定式短语to motivate doctors作__________；to practice medicine作_____________。
The government has struggled to come up with measures
主谓宾
后置定语
目的状语
宾语补足语
(六)句型转换
1．The impact of social media on our daily lives is so great that it's beyond our thought．(改为比较状语从句)
→_________________________________________________________
2．Exercise improves our physical health; meanwhile， it enhances our mental well being．(改为not only ... but also ...)
→__________________________________________________________________________________________
The impact of social media on our daily lives is greater than we think．
Not only does exercise improve our physical health， but it also enhances our mental well being．
维度四　素养提升
(七)根据所给汉语，完成下列句子
1．We need more time to see how things develop __________________(在我们采取行动前)．
2．I went out for dinner last night and drank _______________________ (大量红酒)．
3．We’ve already bought the house but we ________________________(没有拥有它) until May．
before we take action
large amounts of red wine
won’t take possession of it
(八)翻译
1．随着时间的流逝，贫富之间的差距越来越小。(as引导的时间状语从句)
_____________________________________________________________
2．取笑残疾人是不对的。(动词不定式短语作主语)
______________________________________
As time goes by， the divisions between rich and poor are getting less deep．
To make fun of the disabled is not right．
课后课时作业（一）
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比70%)　拔高题(占比0%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 难度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
(2024·天津市河东区高二下期中)Every small child knows the panic of losing sight of its mother in the supermarket， and as the pictures show， small whales obviously feel the same way．
Taken by a British diver who was following the sperm whale (抹香鲸) calf， they show the minute the baby—who had lost track of its mum—found her again in the sea off the Azores．
Jumping 30 ft across the waves， the newborn slammed (猛力推) its body onto the water with joy after becoming separated from its family group in the cold waters．
But the whale calf was doing more than just jumping for joy．
Justin Hart， who took the pictures， said that young whales communicate with older ones in the ocean by creating a slamming sound which travels through the water to the ears of the adults deep below．
By jumping out of the water and slamming its 12 ft long body onto the surface of the sea up to 30 times， the baby whale is telling its relatives where it is so they can regroup．
He said， “Sperm whales， of all the whales and dolphins， are the species that dive the deepest and for the longest time．”
“The calves have to follow what's going on below them from the surface—probably listening to the echo location (回声定位) clicks of the adults．”
“However， sometimes the adults re surface far out of sight of the calf， and in this situation the whales often jump out of the water causing a large bang as their bodies hit the surface． In this way， whale family can regroup．”
Sperm whales live in nearly all the world’s oceans in groups of about 15 to 20 animals and they practice communal (集体的) childcare． The calves do not have to follow their mother too closely as a sperm whale calf can take milk from any milk producing female in its social group．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于抹香鲸的新发现——小鲸鱼可以通过身体拍打水面找寻自己的妈妈。
1．The underlined word“they”in Paragraph 2 probably refers to ________．
A．the whales B．the divers
C．the photos D．the mothers
解析：指代判断题。根据第一段内容以及第二段中的“Taken by a British diver who was following the sperm whale (抹香鲸) calf”可知，英国潜水员拍的这些照片显示了失去母亲踪迹的小鲸鱼在亚速尔群岛附近再次找到母亲的那一刻，由此可知，they指代的是上文提到的照片。故选C。
2．According to Justin Hart， the young sperm whale ________．
A．found its family with his help
B．suffered a lot in the cold waters
C．lost contact with its family for days
D．slammed as a means of communication
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，抹香鲸幼崽通过拍击水面来与成年抹香鲸交流。故选D。
3．What do we know about sperm whales
A．The young are independent．
B．They are highly social animals．
C．They tend to live in warm sea waters．
D．Females take turns to care for babies．
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Sperm whales live in ... practice communal (集体的) childcare．”可知，抹香鲸会成群地生活，实行集体育儿，由此可推知，它们是高度群居性动物。故选B。
B
(2024·上海市闵行区高二下期末)As midnight approaches in Svalbard， a young polar bear climbs onto an iceberg (冰山) and carves himself a temporary bed before falling asleep． This peaceful moment， capturing the essence of Earth’s delicacy， was taken by Nima Sarikhani， who won Wildlife Photographer of the Year People’s Choice Award， which is decided by public vote．
Sarikhani， from the UK， spent three days searching Norway’s Svalbard islands in the hope of catching sight of these symbolic Arctic (北极的) animals． He was finally rewarded with the sight of both an older and younger male shortly after his ship changed course． Sarikhani seized the chance to take a photo of the younger bear sleeping on the iceberg—a scene that not only awakens the bond between an animal and its habitat， but also the need to act on global challenges like climate change and habitat loss．
These days， the sight of a lone polar bear on melting ice is a familiar symbol of the impact of climate change． But that is for a good reason: global warming is having a particularly rapid effect on the Arctic， which is heating up at a rate three times as high as that of the average around the world． Among those hardest hit are these bears， which are increasingly threatened by the reduction in sea ice cover that they rely on to hunt and raise young．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过摄影师Nima Sarikhani (尼玛·萨里哈尼)拍摄的一张睡在融化的冰川上的孤独的北极熊的照片，展现出全球气候变暖对生物的影响，以此激励人们行动起来保护北极熊。
Though his photo is intended to arouse emotion in those who see it， Sarikhani is optimistic that with the right actions， it isn’t too late for polar bears． The image was displayed in an exhibition at the Natural History Museum， London， along with the competition’s four runners up， until 30 June．
4．Sarikhani's journey in Svalbard can be described as ________．
A．purposeful B．leisurely
C．profit driven D．research led
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sarikhani， from the UK ... these symbolic Arctic (北极的) animals．”可知，Sarikhani的这次旅行是有目的的。故选A。
5．It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________．
A．polar bears are likely to die out
B．the warming of the Arctic just begins
C．sea ice cover is vital for polar bears' survival
D．polar bears are adapting well to climate change
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Among those hardest hit ... to hunt and raise young．”可推知，海冰覆盖对于北极熊的生存极其重要。故选C。
6．According to the last paragraph， what's Sarikhani's hope for the impact of his photo
A．To arouse people's sadness for the scene．
B．To motivate people to protect polar bears．
C．To attract more visitors to the Arctic．
D．To boost the popularity of the exhibition．
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Though his photo ... it isn't too late for polar bears．”可推知，Sarikhani的照片旨在激励人们行动起来保护北极熊。故选B。
7．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．Svalbard's quietness: Polar bears' comfortable zone
B．Arctic adventure: Search for a dramatic landscape
C．Bearing witness: Polar bears' shelter on melting ice
D．Ice and isolation: A faraway natural wonder
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过一张睡在融化的冰川上的孤独的北极熊的照片，展现出全球气候变暖对生物的影响，以此激励人们行动起来保护北极熊，C项(见证：北极熊在融化的冰上的避难所)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ　应用文写作
日本将核污水排海的事件引起了国际上的广泛关注。假如你是李华，请向某中学生英语报刊环保专栏投稿，表达对此事的看法。内容包括：
1．发表看法；
2．发出呼吁。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇： 核污水 nuclear contaminated water
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Japan has poured nuclear contaminated water into the sea， which caused widespread international attention．
I strongly condemn this action． As human beings， we should protect our sea and pouring nuclear contaminated water into the sea should be forbidden． For one thing， nuclear contaminated water may cause many sea animals to die． For another， people who eat marine products from the polluted sea will be sick．
As we all know， the ocean is very important for people． Pouring nuclear contaminated water into the sea is harmful to sea animals and human beings， which should be stopped．
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·湖南省长沙市平高集团六校联考高二下期末)We moved to a small seaside community in New Zealand 10 years ago， because my husband Phil worked as a biologist and he had to do research near the sea． I had seen seals (海豹) around Pilot Bay， which is near here． Sometimes you see them out on the rocks， sunning themselves or playing—but usually in their own territory． They never thought about disturbing their neighbors．
读后续写
It was a dark winter morning in August this year when a seal came． At 5：50 am， I left the house to go fitness training． I went down to the car parked in the driveway and heard a growl (咆哮)． I thought our cat， Coco， must have chased a dog under the car． I jumped into the car to avoid getting my ankles bitten， and moved slowly， but then I felt the car hit something． When I got out to have a look， I couldn’t see anything and thought it must have moved on． Then when I got back into my seat， I saw a baby seal in the headlights．
I thought， “Oh， my God，” but didn’t panic—the ocean is just down the driveway and I thought it would find its way back． Off I went to the training center and gave everyone there a laugh when I said， “Sorry I’m late; there was a seal under the car．” I didn’t think about it again until I got home． As I walked through the garage (车库)， I noticed our baskets had been moved． I wondered if it was the seal， but then I guessed it could not be the seal because I didn’t think it could fit through the cat door， which was the only way into the garage． But I was wrong． As I opened the door to the house， I brushed something and heard this flip flip flip flip sound， and thought， “My God， that is the seal．”
It was so cute like a lovely soft toy．﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
We called Animal Protection Station， and a worker came over．﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
1．Read for characters (人物)
I， Phil (husband)， ____________， a worker from the Animal Protection Station
2．Read for conflict/problems (冲突/问题)
____________came to my car in the morning and into my garage later．
a baby seal
5R解读故事
A baby seal
3．Read for plot (情节)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感变化)
I was ______to see a baby seal in the headlights and thought it would go back to the sea but I was ___________to find it in the garage later．
5．Read for theme (主题)
We should raise _______________protecting animals．
panic
surprised
the awareness of
Step 1：先写最后一句(主题句)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2：再写衔接句(第一段的最后一句)
_________________________________________________________________
For us， it was pretty good to see so many people care for our lovely wild neighbors: seals．
4步确定框架
On Phil’s arriving home， we immediately looked for the contact information．
Step 3：根据所给段首语句写角色的情感
第一段：
It had watery eyes and looked at me like a child， which made me ____________
want to keep it secretly．
第二段：
It was _____to see the little lovely wild creature wrapped up in a net to be taken away， but ____________lifted from my inner heart when the worker said it would be released into the sea after being checked．
desperately
a great relief
sad
Step 4：补全续写每段的中间内容
第一段：
It had watery eyes and looked at me like a child， which made me desperately want to keep it secretly． But I knew it was a wild animal and it should ______________， because wild animals belong to the wild． _______________， I phoned Phil， who was on his way home from a work trip． He told me that wild animals smelled bad and I probably never knew how sharp their teeth were．
be back to its home
With a deep sigh
第二段：
It was sad to see the little lovely wild creature wrapped up in a net ____________
______，but a great relief lifted from my inner heart when the worker said it would _______________________after being checked． Experiencing this fortuitous encounter with the seal reminded me that we should help raise the awareness of protecting seals． So， I together with Phil， posted the photos ____________________and it snowballed．
to be taken away
be released into the sea
on the social media
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家于10年前搬到了新西兰的一个海边小社区，有一天作者发现一只小海豹出现在自家门前。作者给丈夫打了电话，夫妇俩是如何处置这头小海豹的？这次经历给作者带来什么样的感悟？
[精彩范文]
It was so cute like a lovely soft toy． It had watery eyes and looked at me like a child， which made me desperately want to keep it secretly． But I knew it was a wild animal and it should be back to its home， because wild animals belong to the wild． With a deep sigh， I phoned Phil， who was on his way home from a work trip． He told me that wild animals smelled bad and I probably never knew how sharp their teeth were． On Phil’s arriving home， we immediately looked for the contact information．
We called Animal Protection Station， and a worker came over． It was sad to see the little lovely wild creature wrapped up in a net to be taken away， but a great relief lifted from my inner heart when the worker said it would be released into the sea after being checked． Experiencing this fortuitous encounter with the seal reminded me that we should help raise the awareness of protecting seals． So， I together with Phil， posted the photos on the social media and it snowballed． For us， it was pretty good to see so many people care for our lovely wild neighbors: seals．
情节逻辑(范文和自己想的有何不同)
语言表达(原文和范文中有哪些表达更地道更准确) 1．
2．
3．
课后课时作业（二）
较易题(占比30%)　中档题(占比40%)　拔高题(占比30%)
题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 难度 ★★ ★★★ ★
Ⅰ　阅读
A
(2024·湖北省部分省级示范高中高二下期中)In habitats across the planet， animals periodically drop everything to walk， fly or swim to a new place． Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents． Others， including small songbirds， gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code． And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration．
Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model， and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way． Take the Cory’s shearwater， an oceangoing sea bird that migrates over the Atlantic every year． The young do not migrate with their parents， so culture cannot explain their journeys． And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual， making genetics equally unlikely．
Cory’s shearwaters are long lived， rarely producing young successfully before age nine． This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns． Researchers call this the “exploration refinement”， and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements．
But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine． They found that younger birds traveled longer distances， for longer periods， and had more diverse paths than older birds． “We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration refinement’ for migratory birds，” says Letizia Campioni， who led the study． Younger Cory's shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults—but they do not， suggesting that the young do more exploring， which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对Cory海鸥迁徙的模式的研究。
Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies， “exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms (生物) in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man made changes，” says Barbara Frei． “It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe．”
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．It describes animals' habitats．
B．It talks about migration models．
C．It compares different species．
D．It introduces a tracking technology．
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“Wildlife such as whales and geese ... to guide their migration．”可知，本段主要讲述动物迁徙的模式。故选B。
2．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The opening for learning and practice．
B．The unique living habit of Cory's shearwaters．
C．The way Cory's shearwaters form their migration patterns．
D．The process scientists track Cory‘s shearwaters’ movements．
解析：指代判断题。根据第三段中的“Cory's shearwaters are long lived ... Researchers call this the ‘exploration refinement’”可知，Cory海鸥寿命很长，很少能在9岁之前成功繁殖后代。这为学习和实践发展它们的迁移模式留下了空间，研究人员称这种模式为“探索—优化”。由此可知，画线词this指代的是Cory海鸥迁徙模式形成的方式。故选C。
3．What does Letizia's study find about the younger Cory's shearwaters
A．They travel as much as adult birds．
B．They move in a predictable manner．
C．They lower the speed for exploration．
D．They look for a course with their parents．
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Younger Cory's shearwaters are able to ... and settle into a preferred course．”可知，Letizia (莱蒂齐娅)的研究发现小Cory海鸥为了做更多的探索降低了它们的飞行速度。故选C。
4．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A．Man made changes make migration easier．
B．Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track．
C．Course exploration contributes to birds' adaptability．
D．A combination of strategies assures migration success．
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although it may seem ... says Barbara Frei．”可推知，路线探索有助于鸟类的适应能力。故选C。
B
(2024·湖北省恩施州咸丰春晖高级中学高二下月考)For the history of life on Earth， organisms have relied on the light of the sun， moon， and stars to find their way and schedule their lives． While the beginning of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans， it has caused problems in the natural world． Among the impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN)， light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences， contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations， and convinces sea turtle babies to amble (缓行) away from the water instead of towards it．
Now， a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet: Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals (珊瑚) into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce．
Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning (产卵) observations， researchers were able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlit corals． “That shift may reduce the survival and fertilization success of gametes (配子) and genetic connectivity between nearby lit and unlit coral systems，” they explain．
“Corals are among the most biodiverse， economically important， and threatened ecosystems on the planet，” write the authors of the study．
“Climate change has led to mass bleaching (褪色) events． Habitat destruction， fisheries， and pollution have reduced corals substantially since the 1950s，” they write， adding， “The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years．”
If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing， we could perhaps look to delay the switching on of night time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise when coral reproduction remains undisturbed．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海滨城市照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响。
5．Why is the first paragraph written
A．To present the topic of the text．
B．To advocate energy conservation．
C．To explain a natural phenomenon．
D．To provide background information．
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，本段介绍了始于 19 世纪末的人造光源对自然界产生的不好的影响，结合下文阐述人造光对于珊瑚的危害可推知，第一段的目的是提供背景信息。故选D。
6．What does the underlined word “optimum” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Possible． B．Appropriate．
C．Flexible． D．Sensitive．
解析：词义猜测题。画线词后的“when they would normally reproduce”为定语从句，修饰the optimum times，由此可知，“the optimum times”指的是“珊瑚正常的繁殖时间”，画线词与appropriate意思相近，意为“合适的，恰当的”。故选B。
7．What is the researchers' major concern over corals
A．Extinction． B．Losing value．
C．Terrible diseases． D．Exposure to moonlight．
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years．”可知，研究人员最大的担心是珊瑚的灭绝。故选A。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Creatures Rely on Natural Lights to Schedule Their Life
B．Night time Lighting Shortens Natural Dark Period
C．Coastal Lights Trick Corals into Early Spawning
D．Light Pollution Leads to Serious Consequences
解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响，这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响。C项(海岸灯光诱使珊瑚提早产卵)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ　七选五
(2024·河北省保定市部分高中高二下联考)In a world record effort to help save a rare sea creature， Australian scientists have released hundreds of baby seahorses into the wild． The tiny seahorses are endangered， and the scientists hope the new seahorses will help their numbers grow．
Seahorses are small， thin fish with a long mouth． They're called “seahorses” because they look a bit like horses． Even though they're fish， seahorses aren't great swimmers． __1__
There are over 40 different kinds of seahorses． They mostly live in warm， shallow waters around the world． They are often found in coral reefs， in beds of seagrass， and areas where rivers empty into the sea． __2__ They eat tiny sea creatures and are eaten by bigger sea animals， such as crabs．
Many kinds of seahorses are threatened， often by the actions of humans． __3__ They are also sometimes caught by accident when boats are trying to catch other fish．
__4__ Males have a special pouch (育儿袋) that allows them to carry over 100 babies at a time． The tiny babies are born alive and can swim right away． When they're born the babies are about the size of a grain of rice．
This is the fifth time the scientists have released seahorses into the area， and this is a new record． __5__ The researchers say about 90% of them survived， which is unusually high． The researchers put tiny tags under the skin of many of the seahorses to help track them in the future．
A．Seahorse babies are easy to carry．
B．Around 380 seahorses were released．
C．Sometimes they're caught and sold as pets．
D．People should be prohibited from catching seahorses．
E．Seahorses form an important part of the ocean's food chain．
F．They often use their tails to hold onto something in the water．
G．Seahorses are unusual because it’s the males who carry the babies．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为增加海马的数量，澳大利亚科学家第五次向大海投放海马，这次成活率创历史新高。
1．答案：F
解析：根据上文“Even though they're fish， seahorses aren't great swimmers．”可知，海马不擅长游泳，F项(它们常用尾巴抓住水里的东西来固定身体。)承接上文，F项中的“They”指代上文中的“seahorses”。故选F。
2．答案：E
解析：根据下文“They eat tiny sea creatures and are eaten by bigger sea animals， such as crabs．”可知，海马是海洋食物链的组成部分。E项(海马是海洋食物链的重要组成部分。)符合语境。故选E。
3．答案：C
解析：根据上文“Many kinds of seahorses are threatened， often by the actions of humans．”可知，海马受到人类行为的威胁。C项(有时它们会被捕获并作为宠物出售。)承接上文，具体解释人类对海马的威胁。故选C。
4．答案：G
解析：根据下文“Males have a special pouch (育儿袋)”可知，雄性海马有育儿袋。G项(海马是不寻常的，因为它是雄性携带幼崽。)引出下文。故选G。
5．答案：B
解析：上文“This is the fifth time ... this is a new record．”提到科学家们向海洋投放海马；下文“The researchers say about 90%of them survived， which is unusually high．”提到海马的存活率。B项(大约380只海马被投放。)承上启下。故选B。
单元写作
单元写作——关于海洋勘探的议论文
本单元的写作要求围绕海洋勘探写一篇议论文。针对这种观点输出的议论文写作，我们要注意以下几个方面：
1．观点要清晰。在写作中要清晰地呈现对海洋勘探一事的观点，并且要重点突出、观点明确。
2．用词要准确。在写作中要运用恰当的词汇，这样才能有理有据、表达准确。
3．叙述要生动。当描述双方就不同的观点进行激烈交锋时，要渲染出饱满、激昂的辩论气氛，做到让读者感同身受。
4．结尾要强调。在写作的结尾，应强调同意或反对某一方观点。
5．主旨要正面。在文章的结尾处，除了做好总结以外，也要给读者留下一个积极正面的印象，让读者能从中有所收获。
Recently there is a heated debate over the exploration of sea in our class．
Some of the students subscribe to the view that ________ (一方观点)． That's because it will make it possible ________ (理由)． In addition， ________ (论据支持)． However， others are against it， because they believe ________ (另一方观点)． Worse still， ________ (补充观点)．
Personally， sea exploration should be balanced with economic needs． Hopefully， ________ (个人观点)．
1．We had a discussion about whether it is necessary to ...
我们讨论了是否有必要……
2．What impresses me most is that some are strongly against it while others approve of it．
令我印象最深的是，有些人强烈反对，而另一些人则赞成。
3．Recently， the problem of ... has aroused people's concern．
最近，……的问题引起了人们的注意。
※开头常用句式
1．Many students agreed with ocean exploration for two reasons．
许多学生赞成海洋探索有两个原因。
2．However， the past ten years has witnessed that some creatures have died out due to the marine pollution， which has been greatly concerned by the whole world．
然而，在过去的十年里，由于海洋污染，一些生物已经灭绝，这已经引起了全世界的极大关注。
3．Some think it important to explore the sea because we can have a better understanding of the marine ecosystem．
有些人认为探索海洋很重要，因为我们可以更好地了解海洋生态系统。
※主体段落常用句式
4．However， some students highlighted the pollution caused by human activities and the potential serious consequences of excessive exploration．
然而，一些学生强调了人类活动造成的污染以及过度勘探可能带来的严重后果。
5．Sea exploration might help improve our understanding of the life on the earth．
海洋探索可能有助于增进我们对地球上生命的了解。
6．Information from ocean exploration is very important， which helps us to predict earthquakes and tsunamis．
来自海洋探索的信息很重要，这些信息有助于我们预测地震和海啸。
1．Everything has two sides and it is not an exception: it has both advantages and disadvantages．
任何事情都有两面性，它也不例外：它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
2．In my opinion， it is more advisable to do ... than to do ...
我的观点是做……比做……更明智。
3．As far as I'm concerned， balancing the needs of ocean development and conservation is essential to ensure the health and sustainability of this crucial resource．
就我而言，平衡海洋开发和保护的需求对于确保这一重要资源的健康和可持续性至关重要。
※结尾常用句式
最近，你班同学就“Is Sea Exploration Worthwhile？”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文，记录讨论的情况，并谈谈自己的看法。
30%的同学认为 70%的同学认为 你的观点
1．不值得探索 2．会对海洋造成污染 3．一些人残忍猎杀一些海洋动物，导致它们灭绝 1．值得探索 2．为了更好地了解我们的星球，必须进行海洋探索 3．海洋拥有丰富的资源，有助于解决能源短缺问题 ……
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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[精彩范文]
Is Sea Exploration Worthwhile
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether it is necessary to explore the sea． Students hold different ideas about it．
30% of us think sea exploration is not worthwhile， holding the opinion that it will pollute the sea． Some people hunt marine animals without mercy， causing them to die out． However， 70% of us think the sea is worth exploring， which is beneficial to human beings． To better understand our planet， we must explore the sea． Moreover，
the sea is abundant in a variety of resources， which enables us to address the important issue of energy shortages．
As far as I am concerned， it’s worthwhile to explore the sea for the benefit of future generations． Meanwhile， we should exploit the sea properly．

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