初中英语译林版八年级上册Unit 4 Hands - on fun - Reading 知识清单

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初中英语译林版八年级上册Unit 4 Hands - on fun - Reading 知识清单

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Unit 4 Hands - on fun - Reading 知识清单
一、词汇
tool /tu l/n. 工具 【例句】Hammers and screwdrivers are common tools.(锤子和螺丝刀是常见的工具。)
exactly / ɡ z ktli/adv. 确切地;精确地 【例句】Can you tell me exactly what happened (你能确切地告诉我发生了什么事吗?)
instead / n sted/adv. 代替;而不是 【例句】I don't like coffee. Give me tea instead.(我不喜欢咖啡。给我茶吧。) 【拓展】instead of 代替;而不是,后面接名词、代词或动词 - ing 形式。如:He went to the park instead of staying at home.(他去了公园而不是待在家里。)
rope /r p/n. 绳索 【例句】They used a rope to pull the car out of the mud.(他们用一根绳子把车从泥里拉出来。)
stick /st k/n. 枝条;棍;棒 v. 粘贴;将…… 刺入 【过去式】stuck 【过去分词】stuck 【例句】He picked up a stick and played with it.(他捡起一根枝条玩了起来。) 【例句】Stick the stamp on the envelope.(把邮票贴在信封上。)
crazy / kre zi/adj. 着迷的;疯狂的 【例句】He is crazy about football.(他对足球着迷。) 【短语】be crazy about 对…… 着迷
terrible / ter bl/adj. 可怕的;非常严重的 【例句】There was a terrible accident on the road yesterday.(昨天路上发生了一起可怕的事故。)
correct /k rekt/adj. 正确的;恰当的 v. 改正;纠正 【例句】Your answer is correct.(你的答案是正确的。) 【例句】Please correct the mistakes in your homework.(请改正你作业中的错误。)
secret / si kr t/n. 秘密 adj. 秘密的 【例句】She has a secret that she doesn't want to tell anyone.(她有一个不想告诉任何人的秘密。) 【例句】They had a secret meeting last night.(他们昨晚开了一个秘密会议。)
repair /r pe (r)/v. 修理;修补 【例句】My father is repairing the bike.(我爸爸正在修理自行车。)
二、重点短语
stand for 代表;象征 【例句】What does “USA” stand for (“USA” 代表什么?)
be made of 由…… 制成(能看出原材料) 【例句】The table is made of wood.(这张桌子是木头做的。) 【拓展】be made from 由…… 制成(看不出原材料)。如:Paper is made from wood.(纸是由木头制成的。)
make a mistake 犯错误 【例句】Everyone makes mistakes in their lives.(每个人一生中都会犯错误。) 【复数】make mistakes
keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 【例句】Keep on trying, and you will succeed.(继续努力,你会成功的。)
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 【例句】My teacher advised me to read more books.(我的老师建议我多读书。)
三、句型
DIY, which means “do - it - yourself”, is quite popular in the UK. DIY,意思是 “自己动手做”,在英国很受欢迎。 【解析】which means “do - it - yourself” 是一个非限制性定语从句,用来补充说明先行词 DIY。非限制性定语从句与先行词之间用逗号隔开,去掉后不影响句子的主要意思。
Now not only my classmates but also my teacher is crazy about DIY. 现在不仅我的同学们而且我的老师也对 DIY 着迷。 【解析】not only...but also... 意为 “不但…… 而且……”,连接两个并列的成分。当连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”,即与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
He once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom, but he made a mistake. 他曾经试图在他的卧室里安装一盏更亮的灯,但是他犯了一个错误。 【解析】try to do sth. 意为 “试图做某事”,强调努力去做,但不一定成功。
Another time, he wanted to put up a picture on his bedroom wall, but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water. 还有一次,他想在卧室的墙上挂一幅画,但是他打到了一根水管,房间里全是水。 【解析】put up 意为 “张贴;悬挂”;fill...with... 意为 “用…… 装满……”,其被动结构为 be filled with,意为 “充满……”。
To make his living room more interesting, he painted the walls blue. 为了让他的客厅更有趣,他把墙刷成了蓝色。 【解析】动词不定式 to make his living room more interesting 在句中作目的状语。
四、语法
(一)现在完成时(复习)
构成:have/has + 过去分词
用法:
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 【例句】I have lost my key. I can't get into the room.(我把钥匙丢了。我进不了房间。)
表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常与 for + 时间段或 since + 时间点(或一般过去时的句子)连用。 【例句】He has lived here for ten years.(他已经在这里住了十年了。) 【例句】She has studied English since 2010.(她从 2010 年就开始学英语了。)
(二)反身代词
形式:第一人称单数 myself,第一人称复数 ourselves;第二人称单数 yourself,第二人称复数 yourselves;第三人称单数 himself, herself, itself,第三人称复数 themselves。
用法:
作宾语,通常和主语是同一人或物。 【例句】He teaches himself English.(他自学英语。)
作同位语,用来加强语气,可位于名词或代词之后,也可位于句末。 【例句】The students themselves cleaned the classroom.(学生们自己打扫了教室。) 【例句】I will do it myself.(我将自己做这件事。)
常见短语:by oneself 独自;help oneself to... 随便吃 / 用……;enjoy oneself 玩得开心。如:He went to the park by himself.(他独自去了公园。) 【例句】Help yourself to some fruit.(随便吃些水果。) 【例句】We enjoyed ourselves at the party.(我们在聚会上玩得很开心。)
五、重难点
词汇辨析
job 与 work
job 是可数名词,指具体的一份工作。如:He has a good job in a bank.(他在银行有一份好工作。)
work 既可用作不可数名词,也可用作动词。作不可数名词时,指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动。如:I have a lot of work to do today.(我今天有很多工作要做。) 作动词时,意为 “工作;运转”。如:He works hard every day.(他每天努力工作。) 【例句】The machine doesn't work.(这台机器不运转了。)
too much, much too 与 too many
too much 意为 “太多”,修饰不可数名词,也可单独使用。如:There is too much water in the bottle.(瓶子里有太多水。) 【例句】He eats too much.(他吃得太多了。)
much too 意为 “太”,修饰形容词或副词。如:The book is much too difficult for me.(这本书对我来说太难了。)
too many 意为 “太多”,修饰可数名词复数。如:There are too many people in the park.(公园里有太多人。)
短语运用
look for 与 find
look for 意为 “寻找”,强调寻找的过程。如:He is looking for his lost pen.(他正在寻找他丢失的钢笔。)
find 意为 “找到”,强调寻找的结果。如:I found my key in the desk.(我在书桌里找到了我的钥匙。)
take, bring 与 fetch
take 意为 “拿走;带走”,表示把某人或某物从说话地点带到其他地方。如:Please take these books to the library.(请把这些书带到图书馆去。)
bring 意为 “带来;拿来”,表示把某人或某物从其他地方带到说话地点。如:Bring your homework to school tomorrow.(明天把你的作业带到学校来。)
fetch 意为 “去取来;去拿来”,表示先去某地把某人或某物带来,再回到原地,强调一去一回的过程。如:Can you fetch me some water (你能给我取些水来吗?)
句型理解
not only...but also... 的用法
除了连接主语时遵循 “就近原则” 外,还可连接谓语、宾语、表语等。如:He can not only sing but also dance.(他不但会唱歌而且会跳舞。)(连接谓语) 【例句】She likes not only English but also math.(她不但喜欢英语而且喜欢数学。)(连接宾语) 【例句】The book is not only interesting but also useful.(这本书不但有趣而且有用。)(连接表语)
动词不定式作目的状语与 in order to 的区别
动词不定式 to do sth. 和 in order to 都可表示目的,意为 “为了……”。in order to 更正式,且可位于句首或句中;动词不定式作目的状语时,通常位于句首或句末。如:To get good grades, we should study hard. = In order to get good grades, we should study hard.(为了取得好成绩,我们应该努力学习。) 【例句】We got up early to catch the first bus. = We got up early in order to catch the first bus.(我们早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。)

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