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新教材八年级上册Unit 1单元知识点/语法
一般过去时
表示在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用。
1.一般过去时的标志词：
yesterday, the day before yesterday, in 2008, last短语(last year, last week, last month, last summer…), ago短语(five year ago, three months ago, ten minutes ago, a moment ago…)，after (after two years, after three weeks, after five minutes….), just now, the other day (前几天)等
2. 肯定句：结构为主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。eg：I visited my grandparents last weekend.
否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他。eg：He didn't go to school yesterday.
一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？其肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + did.”，否定回答用“No, 主语 + didn't.”。eg：Did you read books last night Yes, I did./No, I didn't.
3. 过去式的构成：动词过去式的变化主要有规则变化和不规则变化两类，以下是具体分类及例子：
规则变化
① 一般情况下，直接在动词后加 ed。work → worked seem→seemed look →looked
② 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，加 -d。 live → lived- like → liked love → loved
③以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed
以“元音字母 + y”结尾的动词，直接在动词后加 ed。
study → studied carry → carried try → tried stay→ stayed
④ 以重读闭音节结尾，且符合辅+元+辅，双写最后的辅音字母再加 -ed。
shop shopped stop → stopped plan → planned drop → dropped
词尾加 ed 的发音：
记住发音口诀：清清浊浊元音浊，[t] [d]之后读 / d/, 即
① 清辅音后读 [t]： 如worked, stopped, asked, cooked
② 浊辅音，元音后读 [d]： 如 listened, loved, learned, described, played, answered, preferred
③ 在[t] [d]后读[id] 　如 wanted, visited, needed, chatted,
不规则变化（无固定规则，需特殊记忆） go → went eat → ate see → saw
take → took run → ran come → came do → did make → made
复合不定代词
由 some/any/no/every + body/one/thing 构成。
分类：指人的有 someone/everyone/somebody/ anybody/nobody 等；
指物的有 something/everything/anything/nothing/ 等。
用法：
1. some 类复合不定代词常用于肯定句，也可以用于疑问句表示请求，建议，希望得到对方的肯定回答。 Eg: Could you get me something to drink I am so thirsty.
any 类复合不定代词用于否定句与疑问句。也可用于肯定句，意为 “任何人”或 “任何事” eg：Is there anybody in the library He is taller than anybody else in our class.
Anybody can do use the computer.
2. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用三单。
Eg: Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. Someone is shouting at the little girl.
3. 复合不定代词的定语要后置。
Eg: I want to buy something special. I have something interesting to tell you.
八年级上册Unit 1重点知识点/词汇用法
1. ancient adj.古代的，古老的 eg：The ancient town has a history of over 1,000 years.
反义词modern adj. 现代的 in ancient times 在古代
2. camp n. [C] 度假营，营地；v. 露营，宿营 go camping 去露营。
eg：We set up a camp near the lake during the vacation. We love to camp under the stars.
3. landscape n. [U] & [C]　风景，景色
eg：The mountain landscape took my breath away.　山景令我惊叹。
4. vacation n. [C] 假期。go on vacation take a vacation 去度假
eg：We’re planning a summer vacation in the countryside.
5. strange adj.形容词，奇怪的，陌生的 stranger n. 陌生人 be strange to sb. 对某人来说很陌生。eg：I met a strange man in the town square. It’s strange to me.
6. breath n. 呼吸的空气，一口气 　　breathe v. 呼吸　　take a deep breath 深呼吸　
take sb’s breath away 令人赞叹
eg：The fresh air in the mountains made me take a deep breath.
The sunset over the sea was so beautiful that it took our breath away.
海上的日落是如此美丽以致于让我们叹绝。
7. especially adv. 尤其，特别 常于句中强调程度。后接名词，介词短语等。
eg：I love the beach, especially in the morning.
The scenery in Xiamen is beautiful all year round, especially in summer.
8. scenery n. [U] 风景，常指自然风光。
eg：The train ride offers beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers.
　　火车旅程中可以欣赏到美丽的山水风光。
9. silk n. [U] 丝绸，蚕丝。eg：She bought a silk scarf as a gift.
10. scarf n. [C] 围巾，披巾 复数为 scarves 或 scarfs。
eg：The girl wore a warm scarf in the cold wind.
11. ready adj. 准备好的，已做完
be ready to do sth. 马上要做谋事，愿意做谋事　get ready for为……做准备。
eg：We’re ready to start our holiday trip. Let's get ready for the exam.
　　I am ready to help people in need. 我愿意帮助需要的人。
12. anywhere adv.&pron 在任何地方，随便哪个地方　常用于否定句或疑问句，与somewhere对应。everywhere 四处，处处　nowhere 无处，哪儿也不
不定副词/代词的定语要后置　eg：I can't find my book anywhere.
Did you go anywhere wonderful last summer vacation
13. nothing but 只有，只是 do nothing but 后跟动词时，用动词原型。
　 eg：He wants nothing but a new basketball for his birthday.
　　　 I can do nothing but stay at home.
The box has nothing but some old photos inside. 那个盒子里只有一些旧照片。
fortable adj.使人舒服的 comfortably adv. 舒服地，舒适地
uncomfortable adj.不舒服的　　comfort v.使舒适，安慰　　n. 舒适，安慰
eg：The hotel bed was so comfortable that I slept well.
You can sit comfortably at the Town Cinema.
15. bored adj 厌倦的，烦闷的　用来说明人的感受　
boring adj.令人厌烦的　　用来说明事物的特征
16. towards=toward prep. ①向，朝。 ②对于，关于　后跟名词，代词，动名词
eg: We walked towards the sunset, enjoying the peaceful moment.
What’s your idea towards being on time
17. square　n.广场，平，正方形　　 adj. 正方形的，平方的　
eg: We met at the city square yesterday.　我们昨天在城市广场碰面了。
This room is about 20 square meters. 这个房间大约20平方米。
18. during prep. 在……期间 后接名词、代词或动名词，强调在某个时间段内
eg：I read lots of books during the vacation. 在假期期间我读了许多书。
　　　During my stay in London, I visited many places of interest.
在我待在伦敦期间，我参观了很多名胜古迹。
19. victory n. 胜利 可指具体比赛、战争的胜利，也可指抽象的成功
eg：Our team won the victory in the game.我们队在比赛中获胜了。
They built it in order to celebrate a victory over an enemy.
他们建立它目的是为了庆祝对敌人的胜利。
20. against　prep. ①反对；　②与……对抗；③倚着，靠着 　　后跟名词，代词，动名词
eg：He is against building a new zoo in the city.　他反对在这个城市建立新动物园。
We played against Class 2 yesterday.　我们昨天和二班比赛。
The cat is sitting against the wall.　猫靠着墙坐着。
21. fight against 与……作斗争；对抗 后接对抗的对象(人、事物或抽象概念)
eg：We must fight against bad habits.　他们和坏习惯作斗争。
22. thousands of　成千上万的；许许多多的　表示不确定的数量，后接可数名词复数，前面不能加具体数字，有具体数学时，不能加s
eg：Thousands of people visit the museum every day.　
每天有成千上万的人参观这个博物馆。
Two thousand people attended the meeting last night.
昨天晚上两千人参加了这个会议。
23. remind v. 提醒；使想起　　remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事；
remind sb. to do sth.（提醒某人做某事）
eg：The photo reminds me of my childhood.　这张照片让我想起了我的童年。
Please remind me to call her.　请提醒我给她打电话。
24. peace　n.　 和平，太平，平静　　war and peace 战争与和平
in peace和平地；平静地　　peaceful adj.和平的，平静的
eg：It's a peaceful village. We all love peace.
25. easily　adv.　容易地，轻易地　　修饰动词、形容词或其他副词
eg：He can easily solve this problem.　他能轻松解决这个问题。
26. forget　v.　忘记　　过去式 forgot，过去分词 forgotten forgetful adj. 健忘的
forget to do sth.（忘记要做某事，事情未做）
forget doing sth.（忘记做过某事，事情已做）
eg：Don't forget to bring your book.　别忘了带你的书。
I forgot meeting him before.　我忘了以前见过他。
My grandpa is getting forgetful. 我爷爷变得健忘起来。
27. sick　adj.　生病的；恶心的　　可作表语或定语
ill adj. 生病的　作表语　　　adj.　坏的　作定语　　
eg：He is sick/ill in bed. 他生病卧床了。
She took care of the sick boy. 她照顾那个生病的男孩。
28. turn around 转身；转向 eg：She turned around and saw me. 她转过身，看见了我。
29. surprised adj.感到惊讶的 形容人　　surprising adj.令人感到惊讶的 形容物　　
be surprised at sth.　对某事感到惊讶；be surprised to do sth.　做某事感到惊讶　　　
eg：I'm surprised at the news. 我对这个消息感到惊讶。
She was surprised to see him here. 她很惊讶在这里见到他。
30. probably adv. 很可能；大概 修饰动词、形容词或句子，常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前
eg：He will probably come tomorrow. 他很可能明天来。
31. look for寻找 强调动作，find 找到　强调结果　　find out 查明，弄清楚　
eg：She looked for her keys everywhere, but she couldn’t find them.

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