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2019新人教版Unit 4 Natural Disasters 必须掌握的词根词缀
单词 前缀 词根/词基（含义） 后缀 中文义
disaster dis- 否定 aster(星) — 灾难
tornado — torn(转) ado 龙卷风
drought — dry 的变体 t 干旱
magnitude — magn(大) itude 震级
rescue re- 回 scu(抖) e 营救
damage dam(损失) age 损坏
destroy de- 向下 stru(建造) oy 摧毁
evacuate e- 外 vac(空) uate 撤离
helicopter helic(螺旋)+pter(翼) — 直升机
shelter shel(壳) ter 避难所
percent per- 每 cent(百) — 百分比
electricity electr(琥珀) icity 电
revive re- 再 viv(活) e 复苏
effort ef- 出 fort(力量) — 努力
unify uni- 一 fy(使) — 统一
wisdom wis((-vis-)看见) dom 智慧
context con- 共同 text(编织) — 语境
suffer suf- 下 fer(承受) — 受苦
erupt e- 出 rupt(破) — 爆发
supply sup- 下 ply(填充) — 供给
hurricane — hurr(呼啸) icane 飓风
survive sur- 超 viv(活) e 幸存
emergency e- 出 merg(沉) ency 紧急情况
deliver de- 加强 liver(释放) — 递送
effect ef- 出 fect(做) — 影响
【必须掌握的 12 个高频词根/词缀】
（从 32 个灾难-救援主题词中精选，能衍生 200+ 实用词）
复制
成分 含义 已学例词 再举 2 个衍生词
aster/astro 星 disaster astronomy, asteroid
stru/struct 建造 destroy construct, structure
viv/vit 活 revive survive, vivid
rupt 破 erupt interrupt, bankrupt
vac/van 空 evacuate vacant, vanish
magn/maj/max 大 magnitude magnify, maximum
electr 电 electricity electronic, electrode
fect/fic 做 effect affect, perfect
fer 携带/承受 suffer transfer, prefer
-ion/-tion/-ation 名词后缀 evacuation destruction, eruption
dis-/de- 否定/向下 disaster, destroy dislike, decrease
re- 再/回 revive rebuild, return
核心词根词缀表（8个）
词根 构词能力 考试/阅读频率 记忆技巧
-viv- 高 （survive, revive, vivid） “vivid” = 生动的 → 像活着一样
-rupt- 极高 （erupt, interrupt, corrupt） “erupt” = 破而出 → 喷发
-fer- 极高 （transfer, suffer, refer） “suffer” = 承受（带在身下）
-fect- 极高 （effect, affect, perfect） “effect” = 做出的结果 → 效果
-text- 高 （context, text, textile） “context” = 文本“编织”在一起
-vac- 高 （evacuate, vacuum, vacant） “evacuate” = 使变空 → 疏散
uni- 极高 （unify, unique, universe） “unify” = 使成一体
-cent- 高 （percent, century, centimeter） “percent” = 每百中
掌握这 8个词根词缀，你就能理解 数百个相关词汇！
【词根闯关练习题】
一、选择题（选出含目标词根的单词）
含“星”含义词根？
A. astronomy B. erupt C. suffer D. destroy ( )
含“建造”含义词根？
A. . electricity B. erupt C. suffer D construct ( )
含“活”含义词根？
A. survive B. rupture C. magnify D. evacuate ( )
含“破”含义词根？
A. survive B. interrupt C. vacant D. effect ( )
含“空”含义词根？
A. disaster B. perfect C. vacant D. survive ( )
二、填空题
dis-（否定）+ aster（星）→ ________（灾难）
re-（再）+ viv（活）→ ________（复苏）
de-（向下）+ struct（建造）→ ________（摧毁）
三、连线题（把词根与中文义相连）
magn a. 破
rupt b. 大
electr c. 电
fect d. 做
四、 选择题（10题）
1. The word "revive"means to:
A. make something dead B. make something live again
C. make something bigger D. make something faster
2. "Erupt" contains the root "-rupt-", which means:
A. to build B. to break suddenly
C. to write D. to hide
3. If someone transfers money, they:
A. destroy it B. carry it from one place to another
C. hide it D. double it
4. "Effect" comes from "ex-" + "-fect-". It most likely means:
A. something hidden B. something done or produced
C. something broken D. something old
5. "Context" means the surrounding words or situation because:
A. it is about "contracts" B. it is "connected to text"
C. it is "woven together" with meaning D. it is "correct" information
6. "Evacuate" means to empty a place because:
A. "vac" means "voice" B. "vac" means "value"
C. "vac" means "empty" D. "vac" means "vehicle"
7. Which word does NOT contain the root "uni-" (one)
A. unify B. uniform
C. unique D. unless
8. "Suffer" means to endure pain because:
A. "fer" means "fire" B. "fer" means "to carry" (burden)
C. "fer" means "to fear" D. "fer" means "to fall"
9. "Percent" literally means:
A. per thousand B. per five
C. per hundred D. per ten
10. Which word means "a sudden break or burst"
A. context B. rupture
C. revive D. unify
答案与详细解析
【参考答案】
一、1 A 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 C
二、6 disaster 7 revive 8 destroy
三、9-b 10-a 11-c 12-d
四、选择题：
题号 答案 解析
1 B re- = 再，-viv- = 活 → revive = 再次活过来
2 B -rupt- = 破裂 → erupt = 破而出 → 喷发或突然爆发
3 B trans- = 横跨，-fer- = 携带 → transfer = 携带过去
4 B ex- = 出，-fect- = 做 → effect = 做出的结果 → 效果
5 C con- = 一起，-text- = 编织 → context = “编织在一起”的背景
6 C e- = 出，-vac- = 空 → evacuate = 使空出 → 疏散
7 D unless = if not，不含 "uni-"；其他都含“一”的概念
8 B suffer = sub-（下） + fer（携带）→ 承受重担
9 C per- = 每，-cent- = 百 → percent = 每百中
10 B rupture = 破裂，直接来自 -rupt-

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