新人教版英语七下【全册】各单元主要语法总结

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新人教版英语七下【全册】各单元主要语法总结

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【2022新课标】
2024新人教版英语 七下
【全册】8单元主要语法总结
Unit 1 Animal Friends. 特殊疑问句,名词的单复数, 形容词的用法
Unit 2 No Rules, No Order. 祈使句,情态动词 can,have to 与must
Unit 3 Keep Fit. 物主代词,频度副词
Unit 4 Eat Well. 选择疑问句,would like的用法
Unit 5 Here and Now. 现在进行时(1)
Unit 6 Rain or Shine. 现在进行时(2)
Unit 7 A Day to Remember. 一般过去时(1)
Unit 8 Once Upon a Time. 一般过去时(2)
【2022新课标】
Unit 1 Animal Friends.
特殊疑问句
含义 以疑问词开头,对某一具体信息进行提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。
特殊疑问词 疑问代词 what(什么),which(哪个),who(谁),whom(谁),whose(谁的)
疑问副词 where(哪里),when(何时),why(为什么),how(如何)
疑问词组 how often(多久一次),how long(多长;多久),how many(多少), how much(多少 <钱>),how soon(多久),how far(多远), how old(多大)
特殊疑问句语序 如果疑问词作主语或主语的定语,其语序是陈述语序。句型结构为“疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分?”。Who is singing in the room? Which man is your father?
如果疑问词作其他成分,特殊疑问词后用疑问语序。其句型结构为“疑问词+一般疑问句?”。Where does he come from? What do you like
注意 回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes或no,要给出具体的内容。 -What time do you usually go to school -At 7:00.
形容词的用法
定义 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
用法 作定语 形容词作定语修饰名词时放在名词前,修饰不定代词时则要放在不定代词后。a clever boy ; something important
作表语 形容词也可以用在系动词(如be,look,sound等)后面作表语,修饰主语或说明主语的情况。I am happy.
宾语补足语 置于宾语之后说明宾语的性质、特点。Please keep the room clean.
可数名词与不可数名词
可数名词 不可数名词
含义 可以计数的事物的名词,有单复数形式 不可以计数的事物的名词,没有复数形式
数量的表示 不定冠词a/an或基数词+可数名词 an apple, two apples a/an或基数词+表示量的名词(有单、复数形式变化)+of+不可数名词” a piece of bread, two cups of water
数量的修饰 可数名词前可用many,some,few,a few 等修饰 不可数名词前可用much,some,little,a little等修饰
提问数量 提问可数名词的量用 how many 提问不可数名词的量用 how much
主谓搭配 可数名词做主语的时候谓语动词要与主语的单复数形式保持一致。 不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。
可数名词的复数形式
规则变化 一般情况 直接加s boys, sofas, apples
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词 直接加es watches, boxes, classes
以字母o结尾的单词 有生命的加es tomatoes, potatoes
无生命的加s zoos, photos, pianos
以辅音字母+y结尾的单词 把y变i,再加es story-stories, baby-babies
以f或fe结尾的单词 把f或fe变v再加es wife-wives, wolf-wolves
不规则变化 1.需要单独记忆 man-men,woman-women,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,goose-geese, mouse-mice, child-children
2.单复数同形。Chinese-Chinese,Japanese, deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep
3.由man和woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变复数。 a man doctor-men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers
Unit 2 No Rules, No Order.
祈使句
含义 一般以动词原形开头,表示请求、命令、劝说、警告等。 在祈使句中,通常省略句子主语第二人称you。
句型 1.Do型 肯定:动词原型+其他 Open the window,please. Stand up!
否定:Don't+动词原型+其他 Don't eat in classroom!
2.Be型 肯定:Be+其他 Be quiet! Be careful!
否定:Don't+be+其他 Don't be late! Don't be noisy!
3.Let 型 肯定:Let sb do sth Let's play a game.
否定:Don't let sb do sth./Let sb not do sth. Don't let him go. Let him not go.
4.No型 表示禁止,No+名词 No photos. No+动词ing 形式 No talking.
情态动词 can/must/have to
含义 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,或表示主观设想。情态动词不能单独作谓语动词,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。
can的用法与句型结构 1.表示有能力做某事,意为“能;会”。 I can speak English.
2.表示允许,意为“可以”。Can I use your computer?
3.表示推测,意为“可能”,常用语否定句、疑问句中。He can't be only five.
肯定句 主语+can+动词原形+其他.I can play basketball.
否定句 否定句:主语+can't+动词原形+其他.I can't play basketball.
一般疑问句 一般疑问句:Can+主语+动词原形+其他?Can she dance? 肯定回答:Yes,主语 +can.-Yes,she can. 否定回答:No,主语+can't. No,she can't.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他? Who can play the violin
must的用法 1.表示主观义务,意思是“必须,一定”。I must do my homework.
2.表示肯定的猜测,常用于肯定句,意为“一定,必然”。 You must be very tired.
3.must用于否定句时,mustn't意为“不允许,禁止”,而不表示“不必”。 You mustn't be late for school.
以 must 开头的一般疑问句,若作否定回答,可以用 needn't或 don't have to, 不用mustn't。-Must I finish all my homework today -No,you needn't/don't have to.
have to 的用法 1.have to 表示客观要求,意为“必须做;不得不”,后接动词原形。 We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom.
2.have to 比较特殊,它有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has to。 She has to help her mom make dinner.
3.含有have to,has to的句子需分别借助动词 do,does构成疑问句或否定句。 Do they have to go now?他们得现在回家吗?
must和have to have to:必须;不得不;表示客观上的需要,有人称、数和时态的变化; 否定形式为don't/doesn't have to 表示“不必”。We have to get there before five o'clock.
must:必须一定;表示说话人的主观看法;否定形式mustn't表示“禁止”。 We must clean the classroom.
Unit 3 Keep Fit.
物主代词
定义 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,它有人称和数的不同。
构成 数 单数 复数
人称 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三
形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
含义 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的
用法 形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,在句中作定语,后面接名词。 This is my book. The man is her father.
名词性物主代词在句中独立使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,其后不能再接名词。This is my watch. Yours is on the sofa. 名词性物主代词在句中可作主语表语或宾语。用作主语时,谓语动词的数应随所指对象的数而定。--Whose books are these?--They are his. Yours are in the desk.
频度副词
含义 表示动作或状态出现的频率的副词叫做频率或频度副词
常见频度副词 always(总是100%)>usually(通常60%)>often(常常 60%)>sometimes(有时30%)>hardly ever(几乎不5%)>never(从不0%)
频度副词的位置 频度副词放于实义动词前 We never eat junk food.
频度副词在be动词、情态动词之后 Lucy is often friendly with others. He can always win the games.
频度副词有时表示强调可放于句首 Sometimes Tom goes to school by bike.
易错点注意 频率副词并不影响动词的人称和数的变化。如果主语是第三人称单数, 谓语动词要用单数形式。 She often goes shopping.
频率副词或短语常与一般现在时连用。 Sally doesn't often watch TV at the weekend.
具体次数的表达 一次:once 两次:twice 大于等于三次:基数词+times
次数频率:次数+a+day/week/month;every+day/week/year once a day 一天一次;twice a year一年两次;three times a month 一个月三次
提问句型 当对频度副词及表示事件发生频率的短语提问时,常用how often, 意为“多久一次”。 -How often do you watch TV?-Twice a week.
Unit 4 Eat Well.
选择疑问句
定义 选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或两种以上情况,问对方选择哪一种,两个选择项用or 连接的疑问句。
句型结构 1.一般疑问句+or+被选择的情况? Are you a doctor or a teacher?
2.特殊疑问句,A or B? Which do you like best, English, Chinese or Math
3.or not构成的选择疑问句? Do you want to go shopping or not?
回答 选择疑问句不能用“Yes”或“No”来回答。回答选择疑问句时,一般在所提供的备选对象范围内选择,有时也要视具体情况作灵活处理。 Do you want an apple or a pear -An apple,please.
有时可用不定代词 all,both,either,neither,none作简略回答。
all:三者或三者以上都 Which do you like best, English, Chinese or Math -I like them all.
none:三者或三者以上都不 Do you like apples, oranges, or bananas -None.
both:两者都 Would you like the red or the blue shirt -I'll take both.
either:两者中的任意一个 Would you like coffee or tea -Either is OK.
neither:两者都不 Would you like tea or juice -Neither, I just want a cup of water.
读法 朗读一般疑问句时我们用升调(↗),但是在朗读选择疑问句时,通常是在前一个(两个)选择项的用升调(↗),最后一个用降调 (↘ )。 Would you like apples↗, bananas↗, or oranges↘
would like的用法
含义 would like意为“想要”,语气较为委婉客气,可以用于各种人称,不受人称和数的变化的影响。I would like=I'd like
基本句型 would like sth.想要某物 Lily would like a cup of coffee.
would like to do sth.想要/愿意做某事 I would like to watch a movie.
would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 I'd like you to join us
疑问句及其回答 Would you like a/an/some...? 你想要......吗?肯定回答:Yes,please. 否定回答:No,thanks. -Would you like some tea? -Yes,please./-No,thanks.
Would you like to do...?你想/愿意做......吗? 肯定回答:Yes/Sure,I'd like/love to. 否定回答:Sorry/I'd love to,but.. Would you like to go to the movies with me - Yes, I'd love to./I'd love to, but I'm busy.
What would you like?你想要什么? -I'd like... -What would you like -I'd like some eggs.
What would you like to do?你想做什么? -I'd like to... What would you like to do -I'd like to watch a movie.
Unit 5 Here and Now.
现在进行时(1)
定义 表示现在(说话时)正在进行的动作或存在的状态;也可表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
时间标志词 now,right now(现在),at present(现在)today,at this time(这时),look,listen,at the moment(此刻),it's 12:00...等
动词形式 be(am/is are)+动词的现在分词。be动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。即“我用am,你用are,is 连着他/她/它(he/she/it),单数is,复数are”。
现在分词构成变化规则如下:
一般情况 直接加-ing do-doing;help-helping
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加去-e加-ing take-taking;have-having
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有 一个辅音字母 双写此辅音字母再-ing stop-stopping; begin-beginning
少数以ie结尾的动词 变ie为y,再加-ing die→dying; lie→lying
句型结构 肯定句 主语+am/is/are+V-ing+其它; I am watching TV now. She is washing the dishes.
否定句 主语+am/is/are+not+V-ing+其它; I am not watching TV now. She isn't washing the dishes.
一般疑问句 Is/Are+主语+V-ing+其它? 肯定回答:-Yes,sb.+be 否定回答:-No,sb.+be+not. Are you watching TV now -Yes, I am. /No, I am not Is she washing the dishes -Yes,she is./She is not.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+V-ing+其它? What are you doing now Who is singing a song
基本用法 1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。What are you doing? -I'm cooking
2.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,但说话时不一定在进行。He is working in a bank.
3.现在进行时与always,often,forever 等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气。 The boy is always losing his things.(抱怨) She's always helping people.(赞扬)
4.表示位置移动的动词,可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事,表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。如 go,come,leave,fly,start等。 The Spring Festival is coming soon. He is arriving in two days.
不用进行时情况 1.某些非延续性动词,如:admit/decide/end/allow/permit;
2.表示感官动词,如:hear/see/smell/taste/feel/sound;
3.表示“看起来”“看上去”,如:appear/resemble/seem;
4.表示认识或理解的词,如:understand/know/remember/believe;
5.表示喜爱或不喜爱的词,如:hate/like/love/prefer; 注意:凡动词表示人的思想/感情/态度和愿望等一般不能用进行时。
Unit 6 Rain or Shine.
现在进行时(2)
定义 表示现在或说话时正在发生或进行的动作,有时也表示现阶段正在发生或进行的动作,常和 now,at the moment,right now,at present,these days.等时间状语连用,有时也用在“Look!”“Listen!”“Be quiet!”等句子的后面。 She is singing in the next room now. What is your daughter doing these days Look! What are the monkeys eating
现在进行时和一般现在时的比较
现在进行时 一般现在时
用法 1.表示现在正在进行的动作 2.表示现阶段一直持续的动作 1.表示经常或规律性、习惯性的动作 2.表示自然现象、真理
标志词 right now, now, at the/this moment Look! Listen! Be quiet! 频度副词:always,usually,often,never... every+时间:every day/week/month/year on+星期复数:on Monday,on Sundays 次数:once a day,twice a month
动词形式 Be+动词的现在分词 动词原形或者第三人称单数形式
动词变化规则 1.一般情况直接加-ing help-helping 1.一般情况直接加-s helps makes gets
2.以不发音的e结尾的动词直接去-e加-ing take-taking;have-having 2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词直接加-es guesses,fixes,goes
3.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写此辅音字母再加-ing stop-stopping; begin-beginning 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变为i,加es flies,tries,studies
4.少数以ie结尾的动词变ie为y,再加-ing die→dying; lie →lying 4.特殊情况:go-goes,do-does, have-has
肯定句 主语+am/is/are+V-ing+其它 Tom is watching TV now. 主语+动词原形/三单+其它 Tom watches TV on weekends.
否定句 主语+am/is/are+not+V-ing+其它 Tom isn't watching TV now. 主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形+其它 Tom doesn't watch TV on weekends.
一般疑问句 Is/Are+主语+V-ing+其它? Is Tom watching TV now -Yes, he is. /No, he isn't. Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其它? Does Tom watch TV on weekends -Yes,he does./No,he doesn't.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 What is Tom doing now 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? What does Tom do on weekends.
Unit 7 A Day to Remember.
一般过去时(1)
定义 一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间标志词 yesterday,last night/week/month,yesterday morning,the day before yesterday two days/months/years ago,just now(刚才),in+过去的时间(如in1980)
动词形式 动词过去式+其他(无人称和数的变化) 动词过去式的规则变化(直接、加d、双写、变y)
一般情况 直接加-ed want-wanted;play-played
以e结尾的动词 直接加-d hope-hoped;live-lived
以重读闭音节结尾的动词, 末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写这个辅音 字母,再加-ed stop-stopped;shop-shopped
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i,再加-ed study-studied; worry-worried
句型结构 含be的一般过去时的句式
肯定句 主语+was/were+其他. Our school trip was great last week.
否定句 主语+was not(或 wasn't)/were not(或 weren't)+其他. Our school trip wasn't great last week.
一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't. Was your school trip great last week -Yes,it was.
特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+(主语+)其他? How was your school trip last week
含实义动词的一般过去时的句式
肯定句 主语+动词过去式+其他. I watched TV last night.
否定句 主语+did not(或 didn't)+动词原形+其他. I didn't watch TV last night.
一般疑问句 Did+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didn't. Did you watch TV last night Yes,I did.
特殊疑问句 疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他? What did you do last night
基本用法 1.表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 She played volleyball with her friends yesterday.
2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often,always等表示频度的副词连用。He often came to help me with my maths.
3.用于since 引导的从句,主句的谓语动词如果用现在完成时,since 引导的从句一般要用一般过去时。 You haven't changed much since we last met.
Unit 8 Once Upon a Time.
一般过去时(2)
过去式的读音 规则动词的过去式的读音规则如下:清后/t/;元浊/d/;/t/,/d/之后读/id/
1.清辅音/p/,/k/,/f/,/s/,/J/等后,-ed要读/t/。如:worked,finished
2.元音或浊辅音/b/,/g/,/v/,/z/,/m/等后,-ed 要读/d/。如:played,lived
3./t/或/d/后,-ed读/id/。如:started,needed
不规则动词的过去式 1.动词过去式与动词原形一样 如:let→let,put→put,cut→cut,read-read
2.把i改为a 如:swim→swam,sing→sang,begin→began,sit→sat,give-gave
3.过去式以 ought和 aught 结尾的单词 如:bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought,teach→taught.
4.中间去e末尾加t 如:feel→felt,keep→kept,sleep→slept,sweep→swept
5.把ee变为e meet→met, feed→fed, speed→sped
6.把i变为o 如:ride→rode,drive→drove,write→wrote.
7.把ow/aw 变为ew 如:know→knew,grow→grew,throw→threw,draw→drew
8.以d结尾的词,把d变成t 如:build→built,lend→lent,send→sent,spend→spent
9.连系动词be的过去式有两种形式,主语是第一、三人称单数用was,其他用 were。
10.其它常用词:go→went,eat→ate,see→saw,say→said,tell→told,make→made,do/does→did,come→came,find→found,fly→flew,lose→lost,leave→left
一般现在时与一般过去时的比较
一般过去时 一般现在时
用法 1.表示过去发生的动作或状态; 2.过去常常发生的动作。 1.表示经常或规律性、习惯性的动作 2.表示自然现象、真理
标志词 yesterday, last night/week/month in+过去的时间(如in1980) the day before yesterday(前天) two days / months / years ago, just now 频度副词:always,usually,often,never... every+时间:every day/week/month/year on+星期复数:on Monday,on Sundays 次数:once a day,twice a month
构成 1.主语+be过去式+其他 2.主语+动词过去式+其他 1.主语+be+其他 2.主语+动词(原形/单三)+其他

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