资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台8A Unit1 Friendship(知识清单)一、单元词汇单词 1. ________ / frend p/ n. 友谊2. ________ / n st/ adj. 诚实的,正直的3. ________ / t fl/ adj. 快乐的,高兴的4. ________ / hju m r s/ adj. 幽默的5. ________ / ke r / adj. 关心他人的,体贴人的6. ________ /tru θ/ n. 事实7. ________ /d k/ n. 笑话,玩笑8. ________ /lɑ f/ vi. & vt. 笑,发笑9. ________ / n h pi/ adj. 不开心的10. ________ /la / vi. 撒谎11. ________ / p sn/ n. 人,个人12. ________ /θ t/ n. 想法,主意13. ________ /si t/ n. 座位14. ________ / sku lw k/ n. 学校作业15. ________ / pe nt/ adj. 有耐心的16. ________ / nd st nd/vt. & vi.理解17. ________ /b t/n.小量18. ________ / f ni/adj.好笑的19. ________ /sens/n.理解力;感觉20. ________ / hju m (r)/n.(= AmE humor)幽默21. ________ /b d/adj.厌倦的,烦闷的22. ________ / en d et k/adj.精力充沛的 23. ________ / kt v/adj.积极的,活跃的24. ________ / n k r d /vt.鼓励25. ________ /b li v/vt.相信26. ________ / si kr t/n.秘密27. ________ /w s/adj.(bad 的比较级)更差的28. ________ /w st/adj.(bad 的最高级)最差的29. ________ /ha t/n.身高,高度30. ________ /sek/abbr.(= second)秒31. ________ /test/n.测验,考查32. ________ / b dm nt n/n.羽毛球运动33. ________ /ha ev (r)/adv.然而34. ________ /b lu n/n.气球35. ________ /ske d/adj.害怕,恐惧36. ______ /fa t/vt. & vi.搏斗,打斗;为… 斗争37. ________ /ded/adj.死的38. ________ / t k/vi. & vt.攻击,袭击39. ________ / de nd (r)/n.危险40. ________ /bre v/adj.勇敢的41. ________ /n d/vi. & vt.点头42. ________ /w ns/conj.一… 就,一旦43. ________ / fi l /n.情感;感觉44. ________ / θ tfl/adj.体贴的;深思的短语 1._____________说实话2._____________讲笑话3._____________站在你身边;支持你4._____________对某人撒谎5.___________使某人振作起来;让某人开心起来6._____________感觉情绪低落7._____________有点儿 8._____________幽默感9._____________保密10._____________与某人和睦相处,关系良好11._____________想做某事12._____________对…… 不抱希望13._____________有道理句型 1.What do you think makes good friends, boys and girls 孩子们,你认为什么特质能成就好朋友呢?2.You will never feel bored with him around.有他在身边,你永远不会感到无聊。3.You like to spend time with them because they make you happy.你喜欢和他们共度时光,因为他们能让你开心。4.Her hair is longer than mine, and she usually wears her hair in a ponytail.她的头发比我的长,而且她通常把头发扎成马尾辫。5.She always gives up her seat on the bus to someone in need, and she often helps us with our schoolwork.她总是在公交车上把座位让给有需要的人,还经常帮我们做功课。6.She is patient enough to listen to me and understands me quite well.她足够有耐心倾听我,也很懂我。7.She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down.当我情绪低落时,她知道如何让我振作起来。8.He stays active from doing sports to other club activities and never seems to get tired.从做运动到参加其他社团活动,他始终活力满满,似乎从不觉得累。9.Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks, but he always encourages me to keep trying.有时我想放弃困难的任务,但他总是鼓励我继续尝试。10.She's always there when I need someone to talk to.当我需要有人倾诉时,她总是在我身边。11.I think the more friends you have, the better.我认为朋友越多越好。12.I think it's more important to have a few really good friends.我觉得有几个真正的好朋友更重要。13.But with just a few friends, you get to know each other better and have more time and energy to support each other.但只有几个朋友时,你们能更了解彼此,也有更多时间和精力互相支持。语法 形容词比较级和最高级语音 后缀-ful和-less二、知识点精讲知识点1. honest adj.诚实的 (教材P7)【详解】honest发音为 / n st/,所以前面的不定冠词用an,如:______ honest person(一个诚实的人)Eg. It's important ______ honest in exams.(考试中诚实很重要。)反义词:dishonest(不诚实的);名词形式:honesty(诚实)知识点2. What do you think makes good friends, boys and girls (教材P7)孩子们,你们认为什么能成就好朋友呢?【详解】句型:What do you think + 动词原形(makes)... 用于询问观点,“你认为……?”特殊疑问词作主语,位语动词用单数形式,如:Who works hardest in your class make good friends:成为好朋友,make 此处表示 “使成为”。相关拓展:同义表达:What do you believe makes good friends 回答的常用句型:I think...(我认为……)、In my opinion...(在我看来……)例:1. What __________________ makes a good student (你认为什么能成为好学生?)2. What do you think ______ our class special (你认为什么让我们班特别?)知识点3. lie v. 撒谎 n. 谎言 (教材P7)【详解】过去式:______,过去分词:lied,现在分词:______。常见搭配:lie ______ sb.(对某人撒谎)、______ a lie(说谎)。拓展:lie 还可表示 “躺;位于”,此时过去式为 lay,过去分词为 lain,如:He lies on the bed.(他躺在床上。)He ______ on the bed and read a story book before he fell asleep.知识点4. Her hair is longer than mine, ....(教材P8)她的头发比我的长,而且她通常把头发扎成马尾辫。【详解】比较级句型:A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B(A 比 B……)。注意此处比较的对象是两个人的头发。mine = ____________(名词性物主代词)My schoolbag is heavier than ______.(我的书包比她的重。)知识点5. She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down. (教材P8)当我情绪低落时,她知道如何让我振作起来。【详解】句型:know how to do sth.(知道如何做某事),“特殊疑问词+动词不定式to do”做动词know的宾语,如: I know how to solve the problem.=I know what ______ to solve the problem.(我知道如何解决这个问题。);cheer sb. up(使某人振作),cheer me up,人称代词需要用宾格形式,并放在中间。feel down(情绪低落),类似表达feel blue。知识点6. You will never feel bored with him around. (教材P9)有他在身边,你永远不会感到无聊。【详解】句型:feel bored(感到无聊),bored 形容人 “感到厌烦的”,-ed 结尾形容词多修饰人。with him around:“有他在身边”,with 结构表伴随状态。如:With the teacher ______, the students do their homework more carefully.(有老师在身边,学生们做作业更认真了。)The little girl smiles happily with her dog around ______ a ball in its mouth.(小女孩开心地笑着,她的狗在身边,嘴里叼着一个球。)知识点7. He stays active from doing sports to other club activities and never seems to get tired. (教材P9)从做运动到参加其他社团活动,他始终保持活跃,似乎从不觉得累。【详解】 stay active:保持活跃,stay 为系动词,后接形容词。如:She stays active by playing basketball and joining the dance club.(她通过打篮球和参加舞蹈社团保持活跃。)from...to...:从…… 到……,连接两个并列成分(doing sports 和 other club activities)。seem to do sth.:似乎做某事。如:He never seems ______ (get) tired from running every morning.(他每天早上跑步,似乎从不累。)知识点8. Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks, but he always encourages me to keep trying.(教材P9)有时我想放弃困难的任务,但他总是鼓励我继续尝试。【详解】feel like doing sth.:想要做某事,give up on sth.:放弃某事。He never gives up on helping others.(他从不放弃帮助别人。)give up doing sth.(放弃做某事),如:Don't give up ______.(别放弃学习。)encourage sb. to do sth.:鼓励某人做某事,keep trying:继续尝试。拓展:鼓励类短语:cheer sb. on(为某人加油)、believe in sb.相信某人I feel like giving up on math, but my teacher encourages me ____________ more.(我想放弃数学,但老师鼓励我多练习。)2. 知识点9. She's always there when I need someone to talk to. (教材P11)当我需要有人倾诉时,她总是在我身边。【详解】 there 在此处表示 “在身边”,My mom is always there when I need help.(当我需要帮助时,妈妈总是在我身边。)need someone to talk to:需要有人倾诉,to talk to 作定语修饰 someone。He needs a friend ______ about his problems.(他需要一个朋友倾诉他的问题。)知识点10. I think the more friends you have, the better.(教材P17)我认为朋友越多越好。【详解】句型:the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...(越……,越……),此处 the more(越多),the better(越好)。The ______you study, the better grades you will get.(你越努力学习,成绩越好。)The ______ books you read, the smarter you become.(你读的书越多,变得越聪明。)The more exercise you do, the ____________ you are.(你锻炼越多,身体越健康。)知识点11. I think it's more important to have a few really good friends.(教材P17)我认为有几个真正的好朋友更重要。【详解】句型:It's + 形容词 + to do sth.(做某事是…… 的),此处 more important 为 important 的比较级。I think ______ more meaningful ____________ a few true friends than many ordinary ones.(我认为有几个真正的朋友比很多普通朋友更有意义。)知识点12.But with just a few friends, you get to know each other better and have more time and energy to support each other. (教材P17)但只有几个朋友时,你们能更了解彼此,也有更多时间和精力互相支持。【详解】with just a few friends:“只有几个朋友”,with 表伴随条件。With a few close friends, we share our secrets and support each other.(和几个亲密朋友在一起,我们分享秘密并互相支持。)get to know each other better:更了解彼此,get to do sth. 表示 “逐渐做某事”。They ____________ each other better after joining the same club.(加入同一个社团后,他们更了解彼此了。)三、语法点清单类别 比较级(Comparative) 最高级(Superlative)定义 用于______比较,强调 “更……” 用于__________________比较,强调 “最……”构成规则 大多数词后加 “-er/-est”:tall→taller→tallest以字母e 结尾的词后加 “______”:nice→nicer→ nicest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,________________________,再加 er 或 est:big→bigger→ biggest以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的词,__________________加 “-er/-est”:happy→happier→happiest多音节 / 部分双音节词:在词前加 “____________”:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful不规则变化 good/well→______→ ______bad/ill/badly→______→ ______far→__________________→ __________________little (少的)→______→______much/many→______→ ______常用用法 1.“比较级 + than” 来引出比较的第二部分。A + 比较级 + than + B例:Tom is taller than John.2. “which/who … + 比较级,… or … ”表示在两者中选择。例:Who is taller, Tom or Jerry 越来越……:比较级 + and + 比较级。例:It’s getting colder and colder.越…… 越……:the + 比较级,the + 比较级。例:The more you study, the more you learn.在比较级前加much/even/far/a lot/a little等,来修饰程度。例:He is much taller than me. 1. 范围结构:A + the + 最高级 + in/of + 范围。介词 of 和 among 后面接表示范围的人或物,in 后面接表示范围的名词或名词性短语。例:Tom is the tallest in his class.This is the most beautiful flower of the three.He is the tallest among the students.2. “形容词性物主代词/序数词 + 最高级”Her most beautiful dress is red.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.之一结构:one of the + 最高级 + __________________。例:She is one of the tallest girls in class.常见错误 1.双重比较(× more taller)2.多音节词错加 “-er”(× beautifuler)3.比较对象不明确(× Beijing is bigger than any city in England.需在any后加 “______”) 1.双重最高级(× the most tallest)2.多音节词错加 “-est”(× the beautifullest)3.缺少比较范围(× This is the best movie,需补充范围)四、语音清单后缀 英文释义 中文含义 例词-ful full of; having the quality of 充满…… 的;有…… 性质的 helpful, careful, useful,hopeful-less without; not having 没有…… 的;无…… 的 helpless, careless, useless,hopeless五、写作清单介绍自己最好的朋友1. 话题分析“我的好朋友” 是初中英语常见话题,旨在通过描述朋友的外貌、性格、相处经历等,锻炼学生的人物描写能力和情感表达能力。题目要求结合具体例子,需注意: 需涵盖外貌、性格、具体事例等要素; 需体现朋友的独特之处及两人的友谊;2. 写作内容介绍自己最好的朋友3. 写作要点1) 朋友的基本信息(姓名、相遇经历);2) 朋友的外貌特征(如发型、眼睛、“taller than me”身高对比等);3) 朋友的性格特点(至少 2-3 个,如honest, humorous);4) 朋友对你的影响或你们之间的故事,如 “cheer me up”“encourage”等;5) 总结对好朋友的感受。4. 写作思路提示 开头:介绍朋友姓名及相遇背景(如俱乐部、学校活动); 中间:i.外貌描写:从整体到细节(身高→头发→眼睛);ii.性格 + 事例:分点描述(helpful→耐心教舞蹈;caring→保守秘密);iii.独特品质:补充亮点(如 cheerful→鼓励他人); 结尾:表达情感(希望友谊长久)。5. 写作步骤详解1)列提纲: 开头:Name + How we met 主体:Appearance → Personalities (with examples) → Influence 结尾:Feeling about the friendship2)填细节: 外貌:tall, long hair, smiling eyes 事例:“She helps me with dance moves when I make mistakes.”3)连句子: 用 “Not only...but also...” 连接性格特点:“She is not only helpful but also thoughtful.”4)润语言: 将 “kind” 替换为 “patient”“caring” 等更具体的词汇。6. 词汇运用提示 外貌描写: 使用 “tall/short”“long/short hair”“bright eyes” “Her hair is long and soft.” “She has a pair of bright smiling eyes.”等形容外貌; 性格描写: 可以用helpful(乐于助人的)、patient(耐心的)、caring(体贴的)、thoughtful(周到的)、cheerful(开朗的)等形容词来表达; 可以用“She is always patient to teach me.” “He stays cheerful even when facing difficulties.”等句子具体描述。 情感表达: 使用 “cheer me up”“make me feel better”“best friends forever” 表达友谊。7. 句型运用提示使用____________句型描述外貌差异,如 “Tom is taller than me, and his hair is shorter.”运用____________从句表达相处经历,如 “Every time I feel sad, she tells me funny stories.”使用定语从句补充细节,如 “The girl who always helps me with math is my best friend.”8. 范例作文My Best FriendMy best friend is Lisa. I met her in the school art club two years ago.Lisa is shorter than me, but she has long curly hair and big shining eyes. I love her warm smile — it always makes me feel happy.Lisa is kind and helpful. Last month, I missed a week of classes because of illness, and she spent every evening helping me with my homework. She is also creative and funny. She often draws cartoons for me and tells me jokes to make me laugh.What I like most about Lisa is her honesty. When I make mistakes, she always tells me frankly but kindly, and helps me find ways to improve.I’m so lucky to have Lisa as my best friend. I hope our friendship will last forever!译文:我最好的朋友是莉萨。我两年前在学校美术俱乐部认识了她。莉萨比我矮,但她有一头长长的卷发和一双闪亮的大眼睛。我喜欢她温暖的笑容 —— 这总能让我感到快乐。莉萨善良又乐于助人。上个月我因病缺课一周,她每天晚上都帮我补习功课。她还很有创意、很有趣,经常给我画漫画、讲笑话逗我开心。我最喜欢莉萨的诚实。当我犯错时,她总是坦率又友善地指出来,并帮我想办法改进。有莉萨这样的好朋友,我感到很幸运。希望我们的友谊长存!9. 实战演练(24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·期末 ( https: / / zujuan. / 3p2422714.html" \o "原始出处:江苏省无锡市惠山区2024-2025学年八年级上学期期末考试英语试题" \t "https: / / zujuan. / czyy / zj61574 / _blank ))校英文报进行My best friend征稿,请根据思维导图的提示,用英语写一篇短文。注意事项:1. 内容涵盖所有要点,省略号部分根据内容补充,语言通顺连贯,条理清晰, 书写规范;2. 词数不少于90个;3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名等相关信息;4. 必须写在答题卡指定的位置上。My best friend____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、单元词汇单词 1. friendship / frend p/ n. 友谊2. honest / n st/ adj. 诚实的,正直的3. cheerful / t fl/ adj. 快乐的,高兴的4. humorous / hju:m r s/ adj. 幽默的5. caring / ke r / adj. 关心他人的,体贴人的6. truth /tru:θ/ n. 事实7. joke /d k/ n. 笑话,玩笑8. laugh /lɑ:f/ vi. & vt. 笑,发笑9. unhappy / n h pi/ adj. 不开心的10. lie /la / vi. 撒谎11. person / p :sn/ n. 人,个人12. thought /θ :t/ n. 想法,主意13. seat /si:t/ n. 座位14. schoolwork / sku:lw :k/ n. 学校作业15. patient / pe nt/ adj. 有耐心的16. understand / nd st nd/ vt. & vi. 理解17. bit /b t/ n. 小量18. funny / f ni/ adj. 好笑的19. sense /sens/ n. 理解力;感觉20. humour / hju:m (r)/ n. (= AmE humor)幽默21. bored /b :d/ adj. 厌倦的,烦闷的22. energetic / en d et k/ adj. 精力充沛的 23. active / kt v/ adj. 积极的,活跃的24. encourage / n k r d / vt. 鼓励25. believe /b li:v/ vt. 相信26. secret / si:kr t/ n. 秘密27. worse /w :s/ adj. (bad 的比较级)更差的28. worst /w :st/ adj. (bad 的最高级)最差的29. height /ha t/ n. 身高,高度30. sec. /sek/ abbr. (= second)秒31. test /test/ n. 测验,考查32. badminton / b dm nt n/ n. 羽毛球运动33. however /ha ev (r)/ adv. 然而34. balloon /b lu:n/ n. 气球35. scared /ske d/ adj. 害怕,恐惧36. fight /fa t/ vt. & vi. 搏斗,打斗;为… 斗争37. dead /ded/ adj. 死的38. attack / t k/ vi. & vt. 攻击,袭击39. danger / de nd (r)/ n. 危险40. brave /bre v/ adj. 勇敢的41. nod /n d/ vi. & vt. 点头42. once /w ns/ conj. 一… 就,一旦43. feeling / fi:l / n. 情感;感觉44. thoughtful / θ :tfl/ adj. 体贴的;深思的短语 1. tell the truth 说实话2. tell jokes 讲笑话3. stand by your side 站在你身边;支持你4. lie to sb. 对某人撒谎5. cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来;让某人开心起来6. feel down 感觉情绪低落7. a little bit 有点儿 8. sense of humour 幽默感9. keep secrets 保密10. get along with sb 与某人和睦相处,关系良好11. feel like doing sth 想做某事12. give up on 对…… 不抱希望13. have a point 有道理句型 1.What do you think makes good friends, boys and girls 孩子们,你认为什么特质能成就好朋友呢?2.You will never feel bored with him around.有他在身边,你永远不会感到无聊。3.You like to spend time with them because they make you happy.你喜欢和他们共度时光,因为他们能让你开心。4.Her hair is longer than mine, and she usually wears her hair in a ponytail.她的头发比我的长,而且她通常把头发扎成马尾辫。5.She always gives up her seat on the bus to someone in need, and she often helps us with our schoolwork.她总是在公交车上把座位让给有需要的人,还经常帮我们做功课。6.She is patient enough to listen to me and understands me quite well.她足够有耐心倾听我,也很懂我。7.She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down.当我情绪低落时,她知道如何让我振作起来。8.He stays active from doing sports to other club activities and never seems to get tired.从做运动到参加其他社团活动,他始终活力满满,似乎从不觉得累。9.Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks, but he always encourages me to keep trying.有时我想放弃困难的任务,但他总是鼓励我继续尝试。10.She's always there when I need someone to talk to.当我需要有人倾诉时,她总是在我身边。11.I think the more friends you have, the better.我认为朋友越多越好。12.I think it's more important to have a few really good friends.我觉得有几个真正的好朋友更重要。13.But with just a few friends, you get to know each other better and have more time and energy to support each other.但只有几个朋友时,你们能更了解彼此,也有更多时间和精力互相支持。语法 形容词比较级和最高级语音 后缀-ful和-less二、知识点精讲知识点1. honest adj.诚实的 (教材P7)【详解】honest发音为 / n st/,所以前面的不定冠词用an,如:an honest person(一个诚实的人)Eg. It's important to be honest in exams.(考试中诚实很重要。)反义词:dishonest(不诚实的);名词形式:honesty(诚实)知识点2. What do you think makes good friends, boys and girls (教材P7)孩子们,你们认为什么能成就好朋友呢?【详解】句型:What do you think + 动词原形(makes)... 用于询问观点,“你认为……?”特殊疑问词作主语,位语动词用单数形式,如:Who works hardest in your class make good friends:成为好朋友,make 此处表示 “使成为”。相关拓展:同义表达:What do you believe makes good friends 回答的常用句型:I think...(我认为……)、In my opinion...(在我看来……)例:1. What do you think makes a good student (你认为什么能成为好学生?)2. What do you think makes our class special (你认为什么让我们班特别?)知识点3. lie v. 撒谎 n. 谎言 (教材P7)【详解】过去式:lied,过去分词:lied,现在分词:lying。常见搭配:lie to sb.(对某人撒谎)、tell a lie(说谎)。拓展:lie 还可表示 “躺;位于”,此时过去式为 lay,过去分词为 lain,如:He lies on the bed.(他躺在床上。)He lay on the bed and read a story book before he fell asleep.知识点4. Her hair is longer than mine, ....(教材P8)她的头发比我的长,而且她通常把头发扎成马尾辫。【详解】比较级句型:A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B(A 比 B……)。注意此处比较的对象是两个人的头发。mine = my hair(名词性物主代词)My schoolbag is heavier than hers.(我的书包比她的重。)知识点5. She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down. (教材P8)当我情绪低落时,她知道如何让我振作起来。【详解】句型:know how to do sth.(知道如何做某事),“特殊疑问词+动词不定式to do”做动词know的宾语,如: I know how to solve the problem.=I know what to do to solve the problem.(我知道如何解决这个问题。);cheer sb. up(使某人振作),cheer me up,人称代词需要用宾格形式,并放在中间。feel down(情绪低落),类似表达feel blue。知识点6. You will never feel bored with him around. (教材P9)有他在身边,你永远不会感到无聊。【详解】句型:feel bored(感到无聊),bored 形容人 “感到厌烦的”,-ed 结尾形容词多修饰人。with him around:“有他在身边”,with 结构表伴随状态。如:With the teacher around, the students do their homework more carefully.(有老师在身边,学生们做作业更认真了。)The little girl smiles happily with her dog around with a ball in its mouth.(小女孩开心地笑着,她的狗在身边,嘴里叼着一个球。)知识点7. He stays active from doing sports to other club activities and never seems to get tired. (教材P9)从做运动到参加其他社团活动,他始终保持活跃,似乎从不觉得累。【详解】 stay active:保持活跃,stay 为系动词,后接形容词。如:She stays active by playing basketball and joining the dance club.(她通过打篮球和参加舞蹈社团保持活跃。)from...to...:从…… 到……,连接两个并列成分(doing sports 和 other club activities)。seem to do sth.:似乎做某事。如:He never seems to get (get) tired from running every morning.(他每天早上跑步,似乎从不累。)知识点8. Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks, but he always encourages me to keep trying.(教材P9)有时我想放弃困难的任务,但他总是鼓励我继续尝试。【详解】feel like doing sth.:想要做某事,give up on sth.:放弃某事。He never gives up on helping others.(他从不放弃帮助别人。)give up doing sth.(放弃做某事),如:Don't give up studying.(别放弃学习。)encourage sb. to do sth.:鼓励某人做某事,keep trying:继续尝试。拓展:鼓励类短语:cheer sb. on(为某人加油)、believe in sb.相信某人I feel like giving up on math, but my teacher encourages me to practice more.(我想放弃数学,但老师鼓励我多练习。)2. 知识点9. She's always there when I need someone to talk to. (教材P11)当我需要有人倾诉时,她总是在我身边。【详解】 there 在此处表示 “在身边”,My mom is always there when I need help.(当我需要帮助时,妈妈总是在我身边。)need someone to talk to:需要有人倾诉,to talk to 作定语修饰 someone。He needs a friend to talk to about his problems.(他需要一个朋友倾诉他的问题。)知识点10. I think the more friends you have, the better.(教材P17)我认为朋友越多越好。【详解】句型:the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...(越……,越……),此处 the more(越多),the better(越好)。The harder you study, the better grades you will get.(你越努力学习,成绩越好。)The more books you read, the smarter you become.(你读的书越多,变得越聪明。)The more exercise you do, the healthier you are.(你锻炼越多,身体越健康。)知识点11. I think it's more important to have a few really good friends.(教材P17)我认为有几个真正的好朋友更重要。【详解】句型:It's + 形容词 + to do sth.(做某事是…… 的),此处 more important 为 important 的比较级。I think it's more meaningful to have a few true friends than many ordinary ones.(我认为有几个真正的朋友比很多普通朋友更有意义。)知识点12.But with just a few friends, you get to know each other better and have more time and energy to support each other. (教材P17)但只有几个朋友时,你们能更了解彼此,也有更多时间和精力互相支持。【详解】with just a few friends:“只有几个朋友”,with 表伴随条件。With a few close friends, we share our secrets and support each other.(和几个亲密朋友在一起,我们分享秘密并互相支持。)get to know each other better:更了解彼此,get to do sth. 表示 “逐渐做某事”。They get to know each other better after joining the same club.(加入同一个社团后,他们更了解彼此了。)三、语法点清单类别 比较级(Comparative) 最高级(Superlative)定义 用于两者比较,强调 “更……” 用于三者及以上比较,强调 “最……”构成规则 大多数词后加 “-er/-est”:tall→taller→tallest以字母e 结尾的词后加 “-r/-st”:nice→nicer→ nicest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加 er 或 est:big→bigger→ biggest以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的词,变 “y” 为 “i” 加 “-er/-est”:happy→happier→happiest多音节 / 部分双音节词:在词前加 “more/most”:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful不规则变化 good/well→better→ bestbad/ill/badly→worse→ worstfar→farther/further→ farthest/furthestlittle (少的)→less→leastmuch/many→more→ most常用用法 1.“比较级 + than” 来引出比较的第二部分。A + 比较级 + than + B例:Tom is taller than John.2. “which/who … + 比较级,… or … ”表示在两者中选择。例:Who is taller, Tom or Jerry 越来越……:比较级 + and + 比较级。例:It’s getting colder and colder.越…… 越……:the + 比较级,the + 比较级。例:The more you study, the more you learn.在比较级前加much/even/far/a lot/a little等,来修饰程度。例:He is much taller than me. 1. 范围结构:A + the + 最高级 + in/of + 范围。介词 of 和 among 后面接表示范围的人或物,in 后面接表示范围的名词或名词性短语。例:Tom is the tallest in his class.This is the most beautiful flower of the three.He is the tallest among the students.2. “形容词性物主代词/序数词 + 最高级”Her most beautiful dress is red.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.之一结构:one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词。例:She is one of the tallest girls in class.常见错误 1.双重比较(× more taller)2.多音节词错加 “-er”(× beautifuler)3.比较对象不明确(× Beijing is bigger than any city in England.需在any后加 “other”) 1.双重最高级(× the most tallest)2.多音节词错加 “-est”(× the beautifullest)3.缺少比较范围(× This is the best movie,需补充范围)四、语音清单后缀 英文释义 中文含义 例词-ful full of; having the quality of 充满…… 的;有…… 性质的 helpful, careful, useful,hopeful-less without; not having 没有…… 的;无…… 的 helpless, careless, useless,hopeless五、写作清单介绍自己最好的朋友1. 话题分析“我的好朋友” 是初中英语常见话题,旨在通过描述朋友的外貌、性格、相处经历等,锻炼学生的人物描写能力和情感表达能力。题目要求结合具体例子,需注意: 需涵盖外貌、性格、具体事例等要素; 需体现朋友的独特之处及两人的友谊;2. 写作内容介绍自己最好的朋友3. 写作要点1) 朋友的基本信息(姓名、相遇经历);2) 朋友的外貌特征(如发型、眼睛、“taller than me”身高对比等);3) 朋友的性格特点(至少 2-3 个,如honest, humorous);4) 朋友对你的影响或你们之间的故事,如 “cheer me up”“encourage”等;5) 总结对好朋友的感受。4. 写作思路提示 开头:介绍朋友姓名及相遇背景(如俱乐部、学校活动); 中间:i.外貌描写:从整体到细节(身高→头发→眼睛);ii.性格 + 事例:分点描述(helpful→耐心教舞蹈;caring→保守秘密);iii.独特品质:补充亮点(如 cheerful→鼓励他人); 结尾:表达情感(希望友谊长久)。5. 写作步骤详解1)列提纲: 开头:Name + How we met 主体:Appearance → Personalities (with examples) → Influence 结尾:Feeling about the friendship2)填细节: 外貌:tall, long hair, smiling eyes 事例:“She helps me with dance moves when I make mistakes.”3)连句子: 用 “Not only...but also...” 连接性格特点:“She is not only helpful but also thoughtful.”4)润语言: 将 “kind” 替换为 “patient”“caring” 等更具体的词汇。6. 词汇运用提示 外貌描写: 使用 “tall/short”“long/short hair”“bright eyes” “Her hair is long and soft.” “She has a pair of bright smiling eyes.”等形容外貌; 性格描写: 可以用helpful(乐于助人的)、patient(耐心的)、caring(体贴的)、thoughtful(周到的)、cheerful(开朗的)等形容词来表达; 可以用“She is always patient to teach me.” “He stays cheerful even when facing difficulties.”等句子具体描述。 情感表达: 使用 “cheer me up”“make me feel better”“best friends forever” 表达友谊。7. 句型运用提示1. 使用比较级句型描述外貌差异,如 “Tom is taller than me, and his hair is shorter.”2. 运用时间状语从句表达相处经历,如 “Every time I feel sad, she tells me funny stories.”3. 使用定语从句补充细节,如 “The girl who always helps me with math is my best friend.”8. 范例作文My Best FriendMy best friend is Lisa. I met her in the school art club two years ago.Lisa is shorter than me, but she has long curly hair and big shining eyes. I love her warm smile—it always makes me feel happy.Lisa is kind and helpful. Last month, I missed a week of classes because of illness, and she spent every evening helping me with my homework. She is also creative and funny. She often draws cartoons for me and tells me jokes to make me laugh.What I like most about Lisa is her honesty. When I make mistakes, she always tells me frankly but kindly, and helps me find ways to improve.I’m so lucky to have Lisa as my best friend. I hope our friendship will last forever!译文:我最好的朋友是莉萨。我两年前在学校美术俱乐部认识了她。莉萨比我矮,但她有一头长长的卷发和一双闪亮的大眼睛。我喜欢她温暖的笑容 —— 这总能让我感到快乐。莉萨善良又乐于助人。上个月我因病缺课一周,她每天晚上都帮我补习功课。她还很有创意、很有趣,经常给我画漫画、讲笑话逗我开心。我最喜欢莉萨的诚实。当我犯错时,她总是坦率又友善地指出来,并帮我想办法改进。有莉萨这样的好朋友,我感到很幸运。希望我们的友谊长存!9. 实战演练(24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·期末 ( https: / / zujuan. / 3p2422714.html" \o "原始出处:江苏省无锡市惠山区2024-2025学年八年级上学期期末考试英语试题" \t "https: / / zujuan. / czyy / zj61574 / _blank )) 校英文报进行My best friend征稿,请根据思维导图的提示,用英语写一篇短文。注意事项:1.内容涵盖所有要点,省略号部分根据内容补充,语言通顺连贯,条理清晰, 书写规范;2.词数不少于90个;3.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名等相关信息;4.必须写在答题卡指定的位置上。My best friend____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】My Best Friend My best friend is Lucy. She is 14 years old and we are both in Grade 8. Lucy is an outgoing and generous girl. She always shares her books and food with others, and she is always ready to help those in need. Lucy is fond of autumn best. She loves the cool and sunny weather in this season. She often goes on picnics with her family or rides a bike in the park. She enjoys the beautiful scenery of falling leaves and breathing the fresh air. Lucy is a real animal lover. She keeps a cute cat at home and often volunteers at the local animal shelter. She thinks animals are our friends and they bring us joy and comfort. She believes that we should treat them with kindness and protect them from harm. Lucy is not only my best friend but also my role model. I’m so lucky to have such a wonderful friend.[总体分析]①题材:人物介绍类记叙文,介绍自己最好的朋友,涵盖姓名、年龄、年级、性格、喜好等信息。②时态:一般现在时,用于描述朋友日常的性格特点、喜好等。③提示:明确需包含朋友姓名、年龄、年级、慷慨的性格、喜爱的季节(说明天气和活动)、动物爱好者身份及喜爱动物的理由(用 She thinks 引出)。[写作步骤]第一步,开篇点明主题,介绍最好朋友的基本信息,包括姓名、年龄和年级。第二步,详细描述朋友的性格特点,以及她喜爱的季节、在该季节喜欢的天气和活动。第三步,阐述朋友是动物爱好者,并说明她喜爱动物的理由,最后总结强调她是自己最好的朋友。[亮点词汇]generous 慷慨的outgoing 外向的be fond of 喜爱get along well with 与…… 相处融洽protect 保护[句型优化]Not only...but also... 不仅…… 而且……例句:She is not only generous but also very helpful.(她不仅慷慨而且非常乐于助人。)The reason why...is that... …… 的原因是……例句:The reason why she loves autumn is that the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.(她喜欢秋天的原因是天气既不太热也不太冷。)It is...that... 强调句例句:It is her kindness that makes her so popular among our classmates.(正是她的善良使她在我们同学中如此受欢迎。)21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览