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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级上册英语沪教版（五四学制）（2024）
单元培优卷Unit 4 Then and now
注意事项
1. 全卷满分120分。考试时间120分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。
2. 请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。
第一部分 选择题（满分：60分）
一、单项选择（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1．The scientist ________ that everything in the future would be connected to a network, called the Internet of Things.
A．thinks B．thought C．thinking D．is thinking
2．In the past, people used candles for ________, but now we use electric lights.
A．a light B．lighting C．lights D．lighted
3．The ________ of online shopping has made it easier to buy goods from anywhere.
A．introduce B．introduced C．introduction D．introducing
4．Before the invention of the Internet, people had to ________ libraries to find information.
A．visit B．visited C．visiting D．visits
5．Which of the following is NOT a modern invention
A．Smartphone. B．Television. C．Horse carriage. D．Airplane.
6．In the 19th century, many children ________ in factories instead of going to school.
A．work B．worked C．working D．works
7．The development of modern transportation has made travelling ________ than before.
A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．more easy
8．The invention of the Internet has ________ the way we access information.
A．change B．changed C．changing D．changes
9．Before the invention of cars, people ________ by horse or on foot.
A．travel B．travelled C．travelling D．travels
10．In the past, people used to ________ letters to communicate, but now we mostly use emails.
A．write B．wrote C．written D．writing
11．The factory caused a lot of pollution, which ________ serious environmental problems.
A．led B．led to C．caused to D．resulted from
12．________ the past few decades, the living conditions of people have improved a lot.
A．During B．For C．Since D．Over
13．People can keep in touch with each other more easily ________ mobile phones.
A．because B．because of C．thanks D．for
14．________ do you think of the changes in our hometown
A．How B．What C．Which D．Why
15．My father bought a new ________ to carry goods for his business.
A．truck B．car C．bike D．bus
二、完型填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
Cities are like living books, telling stories of the past and present. Take Shanghai, for example. Several hundred years ago, it was a small fishing village with simple houses and narrow streets. People 16 on fishing and farming, and most families lived in one-room houses.
17 the 1920s, things began to change. Foreign traders arrived, and new buildings, like banks and hotels, were 18 . Trams and buses appeared, making travel within the city easier. However, not everyone benefited. Many poor families still lived in crowded areas with no running water or electricity.
After 1949, Shanghai 19 rapidly. The government built wide roads and bridges, connecting different parts of the city. Factories were set up, 20 jobs for thousands of people. In the 1990s, skyscrapers started to fill the skyline. The Oriental Pearl Tower, 21 in 1994, became a symbol of the city’s growth.
Today, Shanghai is a global city. High-speed trains carry passengers to other cities in hours, 22 it used to take days by train. People pay with smartphones instead of cash, and online shopping is part of daily life. Old neighbourhoods, 23 , still remain. In places like Xintiandi, traditional stone houses stand next to modern shops, showing the 24 between past and present.
What makes these changes possible 25 hard work and new technology. Workers built tunnels under rivers to connect districts. Scientists developed new ways to 26 ancient buildings while building new ones. Educators taught people new skills to adapt to the changing world.
27 life is easier now, some people miss the past. They talk about the days when neighbours knew each other 28 and children played in the streets. But most agree that progress is good. It has brought better healthcare, better schools, and more chances for everyone.
Cities teach us that change is 29 . They remind us to respect the past while looking forward to the future. As the saying goes, “You can’t step into the same river twice,” but you can 30 the river’s story.
16．A．lived B．fed C．worked D．acted
17．A．On B．By C．At D．For
18．A．pulled B．built C．broken D．closed
19．A．changed B．divided C．returned D．copied
20．A．finding B．losing C．creating D．wasting
21．A．destroyed B．completed C．forgotten D．repeated
22．A．because B．if C．while D．since
23．A．however B．besides C．therefore D．otherwise
24．A．conflict B．connection C．distance D．difference
25．A．Except B．Through C．Without D．Against
26．A．protect B．sell C．replace D．hide
27．A．Until B．Unless C．Since D．Though
28．A．badly B．clearly C．well D．hardly
29．A．avoidable B．natural C．strange D．sudden
30．A．tell B．write C．learn D．change
三、阅读单选（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
（A）
Life in the Past and Now
Life in the past was very different from what it is now. In the past, people used to make their own clothes by hand. They grew their own food and rarely bought things from the munication was slow, mainly by writing letters.
Now, we can buy all kinds of clothes in the stores. We have a wide variety of food from all over the world. With the development of technology, we can communicate with others instantly through mobile phones, the Internet and other means.
In the past, people had fewer ways to entertain themselves. They might read books or play simple games. But now, we have TV, computers, video games and many other forms of entertainment.
However, the fast-paced modern life also brings some problems. People are often stressed out and have less time for their families. But overall, we enjoy the convenience and richness that modern life brings.
31．How did people make clothes in the past
A．They bought them from the store. B．They made them by machine.
C．They made them by hand. D．They ordered them online.
32．What was communication like in the past
A．Fast. B．Instant. C．Slow. D．Easy.
33．What forms of entertainment did people have in the past
A．TV and computers. B．Video games.
C．Reading books or playing simple games. D．Watching movies in the cinema.
34．What problems does modern life bring
A．People have no money. B．People are stressed out and have less family time.
C．There is no entertainment. D．Communication is difficult.
35．What can we infer from the passage
A．Life in the past was better. B．Life now is completely perfect.
C．Both past and present life have their own advantages and disadvantages. D．We should go back to the past life.
（B）
The Development of Transportation
Transportation has developed greatly over the centuries. In ancient times, people mainly traveled on foot or by riding animals like horses. It was a slow and tiring way to travel.
Then, the invention of the wheel changed transportation. People could use carts pulled by animals to carry goods and travel. In the 19th century, the steam engine was invented. Trains and steamships became popular. They could travel longer distances and carry more people and goods.
In the 20th century, the invention of the car and the airplane brought even greater changes. Cars made it more convenient for people to travel short distances. Airplanes made long-distance travel much faster. Now, high-speed trains are also becoming more and more common in many countries.
The development of transportation has made the world smaller. People can travel to different places more easily, and it also promotes international trade and cultural exchange.
36．How did people travel in ancient times
A．By car. B．By train. C．On foot or by riding animals. D．By airplane.
37．What invention changed transportation after ancient times
A．The steam engine. B．The car. C．The wheel. D．The airplane.
38．What became popular after the invention of the steam engine
A．Cars and airplanes. B．Trains and steamships.
C．Bicycles and motorcycles. D．High-speed trains.
39．What is the advantage of high-speed trains
A．They are very cheap. B．They can carry the most people.
C．They make long-distance travel faster. D．They are very comfortable.
40．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The history of transportation development. B．The importance of transportation.
C．The future of transportation. D．The types of transportation.
（C）
In the 19th century, communication was a slow and laborious process. People relied on handwritten letters, which could take weeks or even months to reach their destination. The invention of the telegraph in the mid-1800s revolutionized communication, allowing messages to be sent over long distances in a matter of minutes. However, it was the advent of the telephone in the late 19th century that truly transformed how people interacted with one another.
Fast forward to the 21st century, and communication has become almost instantaneous. With the rise of the Internet and smartphones, people can now send messages, make video calls, and share information with anyone around the globe in seconds. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Weibo have further changed the way we communicate, allowing users to share their thoughts, photos, and videos with a wide audience.
Despite these advancements, some argue that modern communication lacks the personal touch of handwritten letters. In the past, letters were often carefully crafted, with attention paid to every word. Today, messages are often short and informal, with emojis and abbreviations replacing full sentences. However, others believe that the speed and convenience of modern communication outweigh these drawbacks.
The evolution of communication has also had a significant impact on businesses. In the past, companies relied on mail and telephones to communicate with clients and partners. Today, email, video conferencing, and instant messaging have made it easier than ever to conduct business on a global scale. This has led to increased efficiency and productivity, but it has also created new challenges, such as the need to manage large volumes of digital information.
As technology continues to advance, it is likely that communication will continue to evolve. Some experts predict that virtual reality and artificial intelligence will play a major role in the future of communication, allowing people to interact in more immersive and personalized ways. Whatever the future holds, one thing is certain: the way we communicate will continue to change, just as it has for centuries.
41．What was the impact of the telegraph on communication in the 19th century
A．It made communication slower and more laborious.
B．It allowed messages to be sent over long distances in minutes.
C．It replaced handwritten letters entirely.
D．It had no significant impact on communication.
42．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a modern communication tool
A．Social media platforms. B．Video conferencing.
C．Handwritten letters. D．Instant messaging.
43．What is the closest antonym for the underlined word “laborious” in the first paragraph
A．Easy. B．Difficult. C．Slow. D．Complicated.
44．Which of the following would be most important to include in a summary of the passage
A．The invention of the telegraph allowed messages to be sent quickly.
B．Modern communication is faster but less personal than in the past.
C．Virtual reality will change the way we communicate in the future.
D．Businesses have benefited from the evolution of communication.
45．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The invention of the telephone revolutionized communication.
B．Modern communication lacks the personal touch of handwritten letters.
C．Communication has evolved significantly over time, from letters to instant messaging.
D．Virtual reality will play a major role in the future of communication.
第二部分 非选择题（满分：60分）
四、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
46．When the teacher the history of technology, the students were fascinated. (explain)
47．The scientist that future homes would be powered by solar energy. (predict)
48．The invention of the airplane the way people travel around the world. (revolutionize)
49．The old man how he used to travel by horse and carriage. (recall)
50．Modern technology has made much faster and easier than before. (communicate)
51．Proper training is an important (条件) if you want to master the new skills.
52．The whole class enjoyed the spring outing yesterday (除了……以外) Simon, who missed it because of a fever.
53．It’s eleven at night and my baby sister is still playing, with eyes open (充分地)!
54． (教育) is the key to a better future for individuals and society.
55．With the (发展) of AI, we can get information more quickly.
五、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
56．在这个世纪，人们使用计算机做了许多不可思议的事情。
, people have done many great things with computers.
57．这辆黑色的轿车不属于我爸爸，它是我的。
The black car doesn’t to my father. It’s .
58．这些志愿活动对学生的发展产生了巨大的影响。
These volunteer activities made a great difference to the of students.
59．在现代艺术课上，老师告诉我们一个消息。
During the art class, our teacher told us a piece of news.
60．当你取得了一些成就，奖励一下自己。但不要因为没有取得成就而过于自责或惩罚自己。
yourself when you achieve something, but don’t feel too bad and yourself if you don’t.
六、短文语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I was on vacation in Japan with my friends last year, we lived in a homestay (民宿). We chose it 61 (simple) because it was in a good location (位置). The owner was a doctor called Dr. Joyato. We reached the house at around 9:00 pm and found our Japanese host was waiting for us outside the house. After we met each other, he 62 (lead) us into his house.
Dr. Joyato and his wife invited us for dinner. He was 77 years old. After retiring (退休) at the age of 67, he took 63 1,000-kilometer journey on foot with his wife. They met many kind 64 (tour) during the trip. Later, they decided to turn their house into a homestay. Dr. Joyato told me, " About 170 people from 44 different countries 65 (live) in my house since we had this homestay. "
The talk went quite well that night. The next morning, 66 I woke up at 6:00 am, our host was busy preparing breakfast for us! After breakfast, we went to the Disneyland, and had so much fun.
On the last day, we considered 67 (take) a bicycle ride, but Dr. Joyato thought he should care about our 68 (safe), so he showed us around the city.
During the whole vacation, we got 69 well with the couple. The experience has left us a warm memory. If everyone shows a kind heart to others, we will make our world a 70 (peace) place.
七、材料作文（本大题共25分）
71．你的家乡在过去的几年里发生了很大的变化。请以“The Changes in My Hometown”为题，写一篇英语短文，介绍家乡的变化，如交通、环境、生活等方面。
要求：
1. 包含所给要点，可适当发挥；
2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，语法正确，书写规范；
3. 词数：80词左右。
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．B
【解析】句意：这位科学家认为，未来的一切事物都将连接到一个名为“物联网”的网络。
考查动词时态。句中“would be”是过去将来时的结构，其需搭配一般过去时的谓语，以表达“过去认为未来会发生某事”，即“科学家提出这一观点”是过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式“thought”。故选B。
2．B
【解析】句意：在过去，人们用蜡烛来照明，但现在我们用电灯。
考查词义辨析。a light一盏灯；lighting照明（动名词）；lights灯（名词复数）；lighted点燃的，照亮的（过去分词或形容词）。根据语境可知，此处是在描述过去人们使用蜡烛的用途，即“用蜡烛来照明”，for后面应跟动名词lighting表示目的。故选B。
3．C
【解析】句意：网购的引入使得从任何地方购买商品都变得更容易了。
考查词性辨析。introduce动词，介绍、引进；introduced动词过去式/过去分词，介绍、引进；也可作形容词，被引进的；introduction名词，介绍、引进、采用；introducing动词现在分词/动名词，介绍、引进。根据空格前的定冠词the和空格后的介词of，可知空格处需要填入名词。故选C。
4．A
【解析】句意：互联网发明之前，人们不得不去图书馆查找信息。
考查have to后接动词原形的用法。根据 have to后接动词原形可知，此处应用动词原形visit。故选A。
5．C
【解析】句意：以下哪项不是现代发明？
考查名词辨析和常识。Smartphone智能手机；Television电视；Horse carriage马车；Airplane飞机。根据“Which of the following is NOT a modern invention ”可知，现代发明的核心特征是指工业革命（18 世纪末开始）后出现的、依托近现代科技发展的创造。“马车”在古代就已出现，以畜力为动力，没有近现代科技支撑，不属于现代发明。故选C。
6．B
【解析】句意：在19世纪，许多孩子在工厂里干活，而不是去上学。
考查时态。根据“In the 19th century,”可知，时态是一般过去时，构成为主语+动词过去式。故选B。
7．B
【解析】句意：现代交通的发展使旅行比以前更容易。
考查形容词比较级的用法。根据“than before”可知，than是形容词比较级的标志词，所以空格处应填形容词的比较级形式，easy的比较级是easier。故选B。
8．B
【解析】句意：互联网的发明已经改变了我们获取信息的方式。
考查现在完成时态。change动词原形；changed过去式或过去分词；changing动名词或现在分词；changes第三人称单数形式。根据“The invention of the Internet has...the way we access information.”可知，句中时态是现在完成时态，结构是“has+动词过去分词”，此处应该使用动词过去分词形式。答案B。
9．B
【解析】句意：在汽车发明之前，人们靠骑马或步行出行。
考查动词的时态。 travel动词原形；travelled过去式或过去分词；travelling动名词或现在分词；travels第三人称单数形式。根据“Before the invention of cars, people...by horse or on foot.”可知，句中“Before the invention of cars”表明句子描述的是过去时期的常规行为，句子时态是一般过去时态，谓语动词用过去式。故选B。
10．A
【解析】句意：在过去，人们常常写信来交流，但是现在我们主要使用电子邮件。
考查非谓语动词。write写，动词原形；wrote写，过去式；written写，过去分词；writing写，现在分词。根据“people used to...letters to communicate”可知，此处是“used to do sth.”结构，意为“过去常常做某事”，所以空处应该用动词原形。故选A。
11．B
【解析】句意：这家工厂造成了大量污染，这导致了严重的环境问题。
考查动词及动词短语辨析。lead领导，不及物动词，需加介词to后接宾语；lead to导致；caused to搭配错误；resulted from由……引起。 “工厂造成污染”是原因，“严重的环境问题”是结果，需用“导致”表达因果关系。故选B。
12．D
【解析】句意：在过去的几十年里，人们的生活条件有了很大的改善。
考查介词辨析。During在……期间；For长达，后接时间段；Since自从；Over在……期间，强调时间的跨度和过程。根据“...the past few decades, the living conditions of people have improved a lot.”可知，句子表示生活条件在几十年里逐渐改善。句中“the past few decades”是一个表示时间跨度的短语。“Over”与 “the past+时间段”搭配是固定用法，强调 “在整个时间段内逐渐进行的动作或变化”，符合语境。故选D。
13．B
【解析】句意：因为有了手机，人们可以更容易地保持联系。
考查词义辨析。because因为，后接完整的句子；because of 因为，后接名词、代词、动名词、名词短语等；thanks感谢；for为了，因为（通常不表示直接原因）。根据“People can keep in touch with each other more easily…mobile phones.”的语境可知，此处表示直接原因，mobile phones是名词短语，B项符合。故选B。
14．B
【解析】句意：你觉得我们家乡的变化怎么样？
考查特殊疑问句。How怎样；What什么；Which哪一个；Why为什么。此处是询问对“家乡变化”的看法，常用句型“What do you think of... ”，即“你觉得……怎么样？”故选B。
15．A
【解析】句意：我爸爸买了一辆新卡车，用来为他的生意运送货物。
考查名词辨析。truck卡车；car小汽车；bike自行车；bus公共汽车。根据“carry goods for his business”可知，卡车适合运输货物，故选A。
16．A 17．B 18．B 19．A 20．C 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．C
【导语】本文讲述了上海从小渔村发展为如今国际大都市的变迁历程，介绍了不同时期上海在建筑、交通、生活等方面的变化，探讨了这些变化背后的原因，以及人们对过去和现在的感受，最后指出城市的变化是自然的，我们应尊重过去并展望未来。
16．句意：人们以捕鱼和务农为生，大多数家庭住在一室的房子里。
lived生活；fed喂养；worked工作；acted行动。根据原文“People... on fishing and farming”可知，人们以捕鱼和务农为生，“live on”表示“以……为生”，故选A。
17．句意：到20世纪20年代，情况开始发生变化。
On在（具体日期）；By到……为止；At在（具体时间点）；For持续（一段时间）。根据原文“... the 1920s, things began to change”可知，是到20世纪20年代，“by the 1920s”表示“到20世纪20年代”，故选B。
18．句意：外国商人来到这里，银行、酒店等新建筑拔地而起。
pulled拉；built建造；broken打破；closed关闭。根据原文“new buildings, like banks and hotels, were...”可知，新建筑被建造，故选B。
19．句意：1949年后，上海发生了迅速的变化。
changed变化；divided划分；returned返回；copied复制。根据原文“The government built wide roads and bridges, connecting different parts of the city”可知，上海在1949年后快速“变化”，故选A。
20．句意：工厂建立起来，为成千上万的人创造了就业机会。
finding找到；losing失去；creating创造；wasting浪费。根据原文“Factories were set up,... jobs for thousands of people”可知，工厂为人们创造了工作，故选C。
21．句意：1994年建成的东方明珠塔成为了这座城市发展的象征。
destroyed破坏；completed完成，建成；forgotten忘记；repeated重复。根据原文“The Oriental Pearl Tower,... in 1994, became a symbol of the city’s growth”可知，东方明珠塔1994年建成，故选B。
22．句意：高铁几小时就能把乘客送到其他城市，而过去坐火车要花好几天。
because因为；if如果；while然而；since自从。根据原文“High-speed trains carry passengers to other cities in hours,... it used to take days by train”可知，前后是时间对比关系，用“while”，故选C。
23．句意：然而，老街区仍然保留着。
however然而；besides此外；therefore因此；otherwise否则。根据原文“online shopping is part of daily life. Old neighbourhoods…still remain”可知，前文讲现代发展，此处讲老街区保留，是转折关系，用“however”，故选A。
24．句意：在新天地这样的地方，传统的石屋与现代商店相邻，展示了过去与现在之间的联系。
conflict冲突；connection联系；distance距离；difference差异。根据原文“traditional stone houses stand next to modern shops, showing the... between past and present”可知，传统与现代之间有“联系”，故选B。
25．句意：是通过辛勤工作和新技术。
Except除了；Through通过；Without没有；Against反对。根据原文“What makes these changes possible ... hard work and new technology”可知，是通过辛勤工作和新技术，故选B。
26．句意：科学家们开发了在建造新建筑时保护古建筑的新方法。
protect保护；sell卖；replace代替；hide隐藏。根据原文“Scientists developed new ways to... ancient buildings while building new ones”可知，是保护古建筑，故选A。
27．句意：虽然现在的生活更轻松了，但有些人还是怀念过去。
Until直到；Unless除非；Since自从；Though虽然。根据原文“... life is easier now, some people miss the past”可知，现在生活轻松但有些人还是怀念过去，前后句是转折关系，用“Though”，故选D。
28．句意：他们谈论着邻里之间彼此熟悉、孩子们在街上玩耍的日子。
badly糟糕地；clearly清楚地；well很好地；hardly几乎不。根据原文“the days when neighbours knew each other... and children played in the streets”可知，邻里之间彼此熟悉，“know each other well”表示“彼此熟悉”，故选C。
29．句意：城市告诉我们变化是自然的。
avoidable可避免的；natural自然的；strange奇怪的；sudden突然的。根据原文“Cities teach us that change is...”可知，变化是自然的，故选B。
30．句意：俗话说：“人不能两次踏入同一条河流，但你可以了解河流的故事。”
tell告诉；write写；learn了解；change改变。根据原文“but you can... the river’s story”可知，是了解河流的故事，故选C。
31．C 32．C 33．C 34．B 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，对比了过去和现在的生活方式，涵盖服装制作、通信、娱乐方式以及现代生活的优缺点。
31．细节理解题。根据“In the past, people used to make their own clothes by hand.”可知，过去人们制衣的方式是手工制作。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据“Communication was slow, mainly by writing letters.”可知，过去的通信特点是缓慢的。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据“In the past, people had fewer ways to entertain themselves. They might read books or play simple games.”可知，过去的娱乐形式是读书或玩简单游戏。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据“People are often stressed out and have less time for their families.”可知，现代生活的问题是压力和家庭时间减少。故选B。
35．推理判断题。通读全文可知，全文对比过去与现在生活的优缺点，可推知，过去和现在的生活各有优劣。故选C。
36．C 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了交通的发展历程，从古代的出行方式，到轮子、蒸汽机、汽车、飞机以及高铁的发明和应用，阐述了交通发展带来的影响。
36．细节理解题。根据“In ancient times, people mainly traveled on foot or by riding animals like horses.”可知，古代人们步行或骑动物出行，故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据“Then, the invention of the wheel changed transportation.”可知，轮子的发明在古代之后改变了交通，故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据“In the 19th century, the steam engine was invented. Trains and steamships became popular.”可知，蒸汽机发明后，火车和蒸汽船流行起来，故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据“Airplanes made long-distance travel much faster. Now, high-speed trains are also becoming more and more common in many countries.”和“People can travel to different places more easily”，飞机让长途旅行更快，而高铁也在国家中变得更加常见，交通方式的发展让世界变得更小，可推断其优势是让长途旅行更快，故选C。
40．主旨大意题。根据文章标题“The Development of Transportation”以及全文对不同时期交通方式的介绍可知，本文主要讲的是交通发展的历史，故选A。
41．B 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了通信方式从19世纪的手写信件到21世纪互联网和智能手机的即时通信的演变过程，以及这种演变对个人和商业的影响，同时展望了未来通信可能的发展方向。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The invention of the telegraph in the mid-1800s revolutionized communication, allowing messages to be sent over long distances in a matter of minutes.”可知，19世纪电报的发明使信息能在几分钟内传到很远的地方。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Weibo have further changed the way we communicate”和第四段“Today, email, video conferencing, and instant messaging have made it easier than ever to conduct business on a global scale.”可知，社交媒体平台、视频会议和即时通讯都被提及为现代通讯工具，而手写信件不属于现代通讯工具。故选C。
43．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“In the 19th century, communication was a slow and laborious process. People relied on handwritten letters, which could take weeks or even months to reach their destination.”可知，在19世纪，通信是一个缓慢而费力的过程，人们依靠手写信件，这可能需要数周甚至数月才能到达目的地，所以“laborious”意为“费力的”，与“easy”意思相反。故选A。
44．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Despite these advancements, some argue that modern communication lacks the personal touch of handwritten letters... However, others believe that the speed and convenience of modern communication outweigh these drawbacks.”可知，文章既提到了现代通信的速度和便利性，也提到了其缺乏手写信件的个人化特点，所以B选项“现代通信比过去更快，但缺乏个人化”是文章的重要信息，适合作为总结内容。故选B。
45．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了通信方式从19世纪的手写信件到21世纪互联网和智能手机的即时通信的演变过程。C选项“Communication has evolved significantly over time, from letters to instant messaging.”概括了文章的主旨。故选C。
46．explained
【解析】句意：当老师讲解技术历史时，学生们听得入了迷。根据“When the teacher...the history of technology”可知，句子缺少谓语动词，explain“解释，讲解”，动词，符合语境。根据“the students were fascinated”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以explain要用过去式explained。故填explained。
47．predicted
【解析】句意：科学家预测未来的家庭将使用太阳能供电。从句“future homes would be powered by solar energy”为过去将来时，主句需用一般过去时。谓语动词predict需变为过去式predicted。故填predicted。
48．revolutionized
【解析】句意：飞机的发明彻底改变了人们环游世界的方式。根据“The invention of the airplane”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，横线处需填动词的过去式，revolutionize“彻底改变”，动词，其过去式为revolutionized。故填revolutionized。
49．recalled
【解析】句意：老人回忆起他过去如何骑马和乘坐马车旅行。根据句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语动词，recall“回忆”，动词原形。根据“used to travel”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，因此动词recall需用其过去式recalled。故填recalled。
50．communication
【解析】句意：现代科技已经使沟通比以往更快、更便捷。communicate“交流；沟通”。此处made后需接名词作宾语，“communication”是“communicate”的名词形式，意为“沟通；交流”，符合“make+名词+形容词”的结构。故填communication。
51．condition
【解析】句意：如果你想掌握新技能，适当的训练是一个重要的条件。根据中文提示“条件”可知，对应的英文单词为“condition”。“condition”表示“条件”时为可数名词，空格前有不定冠词“an”，故用单数形式。故填condition。
52．except
【解析】句意：全班同学昨天都很享受春游，除了西蒙，他因为发烧没去。except“除了……以外”，介词。故填except。
53．wide
【解析】句意：现在是晚上十一点，我的小妹妹还在玩，眼睛睁得大大地！根据中文提示，wide“充分地”符合题意，描述眼睛状态时，“wide open”是固定搭配，表示“眼睛睁得大大地”，故填wide。
54．Education
【解析】句意：教育是为个人和社会创造更美好未来的关键。根据中文提示，education“教育”符合题意，此处为抽象意义，不可数名词。故填Education。
55．development
【解析】句意：随着人工智能的发展，我们能更快地获取信息。根据汉语提示可知，“发展”英文是“development”，不可数名词，“with the + 名词 + of...”是固定结构，表示“随着……”。故填development。
56．In this century
【解析】in this century“在这个世纪”，作状语，句首首字母大写。故填In this century。
57．belong mine
【解析】根据题干可知，此处缺少“属于”和“我的”。第一空，belong to“属于”，是固定用法，doesn’t后接动词原形，所以填belong；第二空，横线后无名词，所以此处应填名词性物主代词mine，表示“我的轿车”。故填belong；mine。
58．development
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少内容“发展”，development“发展”，此处表示“学生的发展”。故填development。
59．modern
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“现代的”的英文modern，修饰名词art class。故填modern。
60．Reward punish
【解析】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“奖励”和“惩罚”；根据英文题干和汉语提示可知，此处考查reward“奖励”，动词；句子为祈使句，应用动词原形开头，位于句首，首字母要大写；punish“惩罚”，动词；空前为“don’t feel … and”，此处应用动词原形与“feel”保持一致，形成并列关系。故填Reward；punish。
61．simply 62．led 63．a 64．tourists 65．have lived 66．when 67．taking 68．safety 69．on 70．peaceful
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去年和朋友在日本度假时住在民宿的经历，以及与民宿主人的相处情况。
61．句意：我们选择它仅仅是因为它的位置很好。根据“We chose it...(simple) because”可知，此处需用副词修饰整个原因状语从句，“simple”的副词形式是“simply”，意为“仅仅；只”。故填simply。
62．句意：我们见面后，他带我们进了他的房子。根据“After we met each other, he...(lead) us into his house”可知，文章描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，“lead”的过去式是“led”。故填led。
63．句意：67岁退休后，他和妻子一起进行了一次1000公里的徒步旅行。根据“...1,000-kilometer journey”可知，“a”表示泛指“一次1000公里的旅行”，“1,000-kilometer”是以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
64．句意：他们在旅途中遇到了许多善良的游客。根据“many kind...(tour)”可知，“many”后接可数名词复数，“tour”的名词形式是“tourist”，复数为“tourists”。故填tourists。
65．句意：Joyato博士告诉我：“自从我们有了这个民宿，来自44个不同国家的大约170人住过我家。”根据“since we had this homestay”可知，此处需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“About 170 people”是复数，“live”的过去分词是“lived”。故填have lived。
66．句意：第二天早上，当我早上6点醒来时，房东正忙着为我们准备早餐！根据“...I woke up at 6:00 am, our host was busy preparing breakfast”可知，“when”意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故填when。
67．句意：最后一天，我们考虑骑自行车，但Joyato博士认为他应该关心我们的安全，所以他带我们参观了这座城市。根据“considered...(take) a bicycle ride”可知，“consider doing sth.”是固定短语，意为“考虑做某事”，“take”的动名词形式是“taking”。故填taking。
68．句意：最后一天，我们考虑骑自行车，但Joyato博士认为他应该关心我们的安全，所以他带我们参观了这座城市。根据“care about our...(safe)”可知，“our”后接名词，“safe”的名词形式是“safety”，意为“安全”。故填safety。
69．句意：在整个假期里，我们和这对夫妇相处得很好。根据“got...well with the couple”可知，“on”用于“get on well with”短语中，意为“与……相处融洽”。故填on。
70．句意：如果每个人都对别人表现出一颗善良的心，我们会使我们的世界成为一个和平的地方。根据“a...(peace) place”可知，此处需用形容词修饰“place”，“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”，意为“和平的”。故填peaceful。
71．例文：
The Changes in My Hometown
Since the reform and opening-up, especially the new century, great changes have taken place in my hometown.
In the old days, people used to live in small and broken houses. But now most people live in apartments in tall buildings. In the past, transportation mainly depended on walking or bicycles. However, now we have convenient buses, subways, and even high-speed trains, making travel much easier. Now we use mobile phones, the Internet, and social media platforms like WeChat. These changes have not only improved our standard of living but also connected us more closely with the world.
There is no doubt that our hometown will become more and more beautiful.
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇话题作文；
②时态：本文应使用“一般现在时”与“一般过去时”为主；
③提示：写作要点已给出，应注意不要遗漏题干中每一项内容，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，借用文章开头，介绍文章主题是介绍家乡变化；
第二步，根据题干中的要点，从交通、环境及生活等方面介绍变化；
第三步，点评这些变化，并收尾。
[亮点词汇]
①in the past在过去
②depend on依靠
[高分句型]
①These changes have not only improved our standard of living but also connected us more closely with the world.（not only...but also...结构）
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

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