资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语一轮复习 语法填空
一．语法填空（共20小题）
1．（2025春 南京期中） Natural disasters are events caused by natural phenomena，resulting in significant property damage，environmental destruction，（1）　 　 （injure） and even loss of life.These disasters at large （2）　 　 （classify） into weather and climate﹣driven events and earth﹣driven events.
Weather﹣related disasters often result from extreme weather conditions，among （3）　 　 heavy rainfall from hurricanes and typhoons give rise to severe flooding.Earth﹣driven disasters，on the other hand，originate from geological processes.Volcanic eruptions release lava flows and （4）　 　 （poison） gases，endangering surrounding communities.
The impact of natural disasters extends beyond immediate destruction，destroying economies and leave people homeless.After such events，when （5）　 　 （face） with challenges in providing emergency relief，rebuilding infrastructure（基础设施），and supporting affected residents，communities are always on the go.Worse still，（6）　 　 （follow） a disaster，many victims will suffer from long﹣term mental problems.
（7）　 　 we cannot prevent these events，we can take active steps to prepare for them and minimize their impact.
In an attempt （8）　 　 （relieve） the effects of natural disasters，societies must make good preparations，including early warning systems which will keep residents informed （9）　 　 potential disasters，emergency response plans and disaster﹣resistant buildings.Additionally，education and awareness campaigns can help communities have （10）　 　 better understanding of the risks and how to respond effectively.
2．（2025春 上海校级期中） A multi﹣institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester （1）　 　 （affect） first year college students end﹣of﹣semester grade point average （GPA）.Using Fitbit sleep trackers，they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night，but negative outcomes increase （2）　 　 students receive less than six hours of sleep a night.The results are available in the Feb.13 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Sleep guidelines recommend teenagers get 8 to 10 hours of sleep every night.Many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep.
David Creswell，the William S.Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences，led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA．College students often push （3）　 　 to achieve high GPA.
"Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory，" said Creswell. "Here we show how this work translates（4）　 　 humans.The less nightly sleep a first year college student gets at the beginning of the school term，the lower GPA at the end of the term（5）　 　 （predict）.Lack of sleep（6）　 　 hurt﹣students' ability to learn in their college classrooms."
The study evaluated more than 600 first﹣year students across five studies at three universities.The students wore wrist Fitbit devices（7）　 　 （monitor） their sleep patterns.The researchers found that students in the study sleep on average 6.5 hours a night.
More surprisingly，the researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a（8）　 　 （pronounce） decline in academic performance.In addition，each hour of sleep lost corresponded to a 0.07 decrease in end﹣of﹣term GPA.
"Once you start dipping below six hours，you are starting to accumulate massive sleep debt（9）　 　 can harm a student's health and study habits，compromising the whole system，" said Creswell. "Most surprising to me was that （10）　 　 we did to make the effect go away，it persisted."
"Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college.There's real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep，" said Creswell.
3．（2025 上虞区模拟） Born into four generations of carpenters，Hao Liyan seemed destined for a career in building.But his true calling was running a business crafting toys（1）　 　 use traditional Chinese mortise﹣and﹣tenon（榫卯） joints.
Having seen all the hard work and（2）　 　 （injure） his ancestors endured，Hao decided against following in their footsteps.But after growing up，he understood the value of craftsmanship and felt （3）　 　 duty to preserve these skills.
This traditional technique， （4）　 　 （name） sunmao in Chinese，joins concave and conver（凹面和凸面的） wood pieces together by fitting them like puzzle pieces.Without using nails or glue，the system creates strong，interlocking structures.Peaking during the Ming and Qing dynasties，sunmao was （5）　 　 （essence） to constructing everything from grand palaces（6）　 　 elaborate furniture and musical instruments.With modernization over the centuries，（7）　 　 ，the technique declined as cheaper，less labor﹣intensive industry.
But in recent years，this ancient technique（8）　 　 （find） new life amid a cultural revival that celebrates traditional Chinese elements in contemporary design.
As he was building sunmao toys for his first child，Hao saw an opportunity and founded Qiaolin，which（9）　 　 （gradual） gains a foothold in the toy market dominated by foreign brands like Lego.
While mortise﹣and﹣tenon toys（10）　 　 （consider） China's answer to Lego，Hao insists that their linkage systems are quite different.The variation in mortise﹣and﹣tenon joint connections is more diverse.
4．（2025 浦东新区三模）
Using abbreviations（缩写） in text messages comes across as less sincere
Psychologists analysed messages from more than 5，000 people and found that those who used abbreviations were considered less sincere.The findings suggest that dashing off a quick "hru？"doesn't seem genuine.Instead，taking the time（1）　 　 （spell） out："How are you？"appears more sincere.
David Fang and his colleagues ran the studies to explore the impact of abbreviations in different（2）　 　 （message） situations.People using abbreviations（3）　 　 （tend） to receive fewer responses than those who spelled words out，the studies found.While younger people used more abbreviations，the negative effect remained，the researchers say.
（4）　 　 the world's first text message appeared in December 1992，senders have developed a more efficient language with complete words and phrases dropped in favour of the bare minimum of letters.Half﹣hearted agreement becomes"idrc"，for"I don't really care".And why bother（5）　 　 the effort of writing"I love you"when"ily"will do？The researchers dug into the issue to understand whether abbreviations，which（6）　 　 （intend） to convey exactly the same meaning as the full word，had slight effects on recipients.One school of thought is that abbreviations are（7）　 　 （casual） and informal，promoting a closeness between those who message.（8）　 　 holds that abbreviations reveal a lack of effort and interest in the person.
In one of the experiments，people who received messages full of abbreviations responded with shorter messages than otherwise."Our findings echo literature（9）　 　 indicates people value conversational quality.They prefer messages that convey thoughtfulness and personal connection，"the authors write.Although researchers used real﹣world data for some of their work，other psychologists questioned（10）　 　 abbreviations were really so problematic.
Professor Linda Kaye，a psychologist at Edge Hill University，said："In a real world interaction，receivers are likely to have more context and familiarity with the sender，making the use of abbreviations less troublesome."
5．（2025 凉山州模拟） As the ban on TikTok approaches in the United States，（1）　 　 a deadline set for January2025，millions of American users （2）　 　 are facing the prospect of losing their favorite social platform have started migrating to a new destination：Xiaohongshu，a Chinese social media app.
These users，who have called themselves "TikTok Refugees，"have flooded into Xiaohongshu，seeking a （3）　 　 （similarity） experience to what they enjoyed on TikTok.As a result，Xiaohongshu has leapt to the top of the US App Store downloads chart，even surpassing（超越）ByteDance's heavily promoted Lemon 8 （4）　 　 other popular apps.
Many of these new users （5）　 　 （post） in English，sharing their daily lives，pets，meals，and dance videos.Some are also learning Chinese to better navigate the app and connect with the local community.Meanwhile，Chinese users are welcoming their new international friends，（6）　 　 （enjoy） the opportunity to practice their English.
In response to the rapid rise in popularity，Xiaohongshu has been actively welcoming（7）　 　 （it） new users and providing resources to help them navigate the app.The platform has also seen an increase in content creation and engagement，as both American and Chinese users are excited （8）　 　 （explore） this new cultural exchange.
This phenomenon highlights the global interconnection of social media and the power it has to bring people together，despite political and cultural （9）　 　 （different）.Up to now，Xiaohongshu has emerged as （10）　 　 unexpected beneficiary（受益者），welcoming a wave of new users from across the Atlantic.
6．（2025 雨花区校级模拟） After several months of anticipation，the new stars of the National Zoo of the United States，three﹣year﹣old giant pandas Bao Li and Qing Bao，made their （1）　 　 （play） debut（首次亮相） on January 24，2025.The pandas adapted （2）　 　 （remarkable） well to their new environment，quickly bonding with keepers.
China （3）　 　 （gift） or loaned pandas worldwide since the 1970s﹣a tradition known as panda diplomacy﹣with zoos contributing substantial fees （4）　 　 （support） conservation efforts.This practice carries deep historical significance.During early Cold War tensions，when the U.S.sought to （5）　 　 （weak） China's international standing，pandas became （6）　 　 unexpected bridge.In 1972，a few months after Nixon's historic visit，China presented two giant pandas to the United States， （7）　 　 （serve） as a powerful signal of the easing of relations between the two countries.Today，the program relies heavily on donations，with 75% of its＄2.8 M budget （8）　 　 （fund） privately﹣a testament to their enduring popularity.
As Bao Li and Qing Bao entertain visitors （9）　 　 their funny actions，climbing trees and playing with toys，they represent more than just adorable animals.They represent the complexity of international relations， （10）　 　 soft power often speaks louder than political rhetoric（辞令）.They also represent the complex，evolving relationship between two global powers﹣proving that sometimes，diplomatic breakthroughs come on four furry legs.
7．（2025 闽清县校级三模） For many，cycling to Lhasa is a romantic dream.But for Li Shuangsheng and his son，Li Xuyao，it was （1）　 　 36﹣day，2，298﹣kilometer journey of growth—crossing 14 mountains over 4，000 meters and （2）　 　 （battle） altitude（海拔） sickness.This was the father's special gift to his son's 16th birthday.
Setting off （3）　 　 Chongqing，they rode in a"father in front，son behind"formation，determined to bike up one mountain each day.One day，they（4）　 　 （catch） in a heavy rainstorm on Kazila Mountain's slopes（山坡）.Li Shuangsheng led the way downhill and stopped by the roadside to wait for his son.Ten minutes later，Li Xuyao appeared，（5）　 　 （cover）in mud.His bike，（6）　 　 chain had slipped off，caused him to lose balance and fall to the ground.
During the day，the mountain roads，burning sun，and rainstorms exhausted the father and the son.At night，they either sheltered with Tibetan families （7）　 　 camped alone.Several times，the father jokingly suggested giving up，but Li Xuyao always replied （8）　 　 （firm），"No way.I'll do whatever it takes to get there."
After wearing down six sets of brake pads（刹车片），they finally arrived in Lhasa.For Li Xuyao's mother，it was a moment of （9）　 　 （relieve） and pride."I prayed for their safe return every night，"she said."My son has grown into a （10）　 　 （tough） and more mature young man."
8．（2025 重庆模拟） Opened to the public on Feb.26，2023，the Yinxu Museum in Anyang，Henan province，has become a popular attraction，receiving over 1.8 million visits in 2024.To celebrate its first anniversary，a series of （1）　 　 （activity）were held，including lectures，seminars（研讨会），and performances.
A new exhibition，The Show of King's Return，featuring 36 ancient inscribed（刻字的）bones from the Tianjin Museum，was launched on Wednesday.These bones， （2）　 　 （discover） at the Yinxu Ruins in the late 19th century，are directly related to Wu Ding， （3）　 　 Shang Dynasty king.Oracle bone（甲骨） inscriptions are the earliest﹣known writing system in China and （4）　 　 （list） in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register in 2017.
The museum displays over 4，000 artifacts，including bronze，pottery，and jade vessels，and oracle bone inscriptions，showcasing the （5）　 　 （high） civilizational achievements of China's Bronze Age.
Archaeologist Wang Wei highlights the performance over the past year. "The artifacts leave a （6）　 　 （last）impression on visitors since they are introduced （7）　 　 the most straightforward and effective manner，"he says.
He Yuling，head of the Anyang workstation，notes that Yinxu Museum may just have celebrated its first birthday， （8）　 　 the Yinxu Ruins date back some 3，000 years. （9）　 　 （consequent），the young institution still has a long way （10）　 　 （go） to fully illustrate the history and culture it contains.
9．（2025 太原二模） Chinese Chess，also known as Xiangqi，is a timeless board game in Chinese culture.The exact origin of Chinese Chess remains a topic of debate among scholars，but many believe the game with 32 pieces （1）　 　 （invent） to mirror the battle at the Hong Canal during the Chu﹣Han Period.Initially （2）　 　 game for the upper class，Chinese Chess rapidly gained popularity and eventually spread throughout Chinese society.However，it was not until the end of the Northern Song Dynasty （3）　 　 Chinese Chess evolved into its finalized pattern—the chessboard with Boundary River as well as the rules of the game.
Far more than a form of entertainment，Chinese Chess serves （4）　 　 a profound mental exercise.The game combines elements of strategy，calculation and prediction，thus （5）　 　 （promote） people's logical thinking，planning and tactics as well as character cultivation.There are many sayings in Chinese culture that （6）　 　 （direct） reflect the spirit of chess.For example，a Chinese saying "watching without telling，a true gentleman"indicates that people with good manners or qualities should simply observe what is going on without giving unasked﹣for advice （7）　 　 （show） respect for others.
As a cultural treasure meant for all，Chinese Chess is going （8）　 　 （globe）.It is now enjoyed by over a billion fans，most of （9）　 　 are in China，Vietnam，Singapore and other Asian countries.Chinese Chess tournaments at the regional and international levels take place in the world every year.Technological innovations，such as online platforms and mobile applications，are enabling（10）　 　 （enthusiast） to connect，compete and communicate with each other regardless of geographic barriers.Young generations of chess players continue to carry the torch with shared passion.
10．（2025 南通模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese Landscape Painting
For thousands of years，landscape paintings，or Shan Shui Hua，have been a major part of Chinese art.Chinese artists don't usually paint real places（1）　 　 imaginary，idealized landscapes.In China，mountains（2）　 　 （associate） with religion because they reach up towards the heavens.People therefore believe that looking at paintings of mountains is good for the soul.
Landscape paintings are seen as an（3）　 　 （extend） of calligraphy.The colors are restrained and the paintings are usually created in ink on paper，with a small amount of watercolor.They are mounted（装裱） on silk（4）　 　 different formats such as handscrolls，album leaves and fan paintings.
By the late Tang Dynasty，landscape painting had evolved into an independent genre.The genre of such an art form was taken to extreme（5）　 　 （height），with painters expressing their desire to be at one with nature.There have been long﹣held arguments over（6）　 　 landscape painting in China was the first one to bring this art form to life，but many art critics do believe in The Nymph of the Luo River to be the first of its kind.The painting has stood as symbols of man's（7）　 　 （hide）desire to be united with nature.
Images of nature（8）　 　 （remain） a source of inspiration for artists down to the present day.Chinese（9）　 　 （art） expression is deeply imprinted with images of the natural world.The paintings are also a true portrayal of their artists' inner feelings and thoughts as well as struggles.（10）　 　 （view） Chinese landscape paintings，we should never stop appreciating and understanding the extraordinary beauty of Chinese landscape art.
11．（2025 朝阳区二模）
A
Tang Wensheng，81，born in New York，is an outstanding Chinese （1）　 　 （interpret）.She worked for China's top leaders during the 1970s."I think it was a privilege and a learning experience，"Tang said.Her mastery of language and extensive insights （2）　 　 foreign affairs enabled her to handle high﹣level dialogues smoothly.Thanks to her lifetime dedication to the field，Tang （3）　 　 （honor） with the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation in 2024.
B
The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice，skilled enough （4）　 　 （apply） what you gain and eventually form muscle memory.Real change never comes overnight unless you accept the long and slow process.（5）　 　 （set） aside impatience and anxiety.Extreme repetition is also a continuous exploration of improvement.Each attempt brings small improvements and each failure （6）　 　 （teach） you different strategies.With effort，you can become a better self，which is the true meaning of learning.
C
Recently，many western musical artists have released their live albums—a format （7）　 　 has seemingly lost its pared to studio work，a live album is more powerful （8）　 　 musicians only get one shot to deliver a performance.For pop stars，sometimes （9）　 　 （accuse） of using autotune to polish their singings，live performance proves their talent.Concerts are occasions that fans want to remember，so they keep videos on，their phones.Similarly，a live album allows fans to relive the experience and enjoy （10）　 　 （they）as if they were in the scene.
12．（2025 九龙坡区校级模拟） The surge of DeepSeek in classrooms has reached a crucial moment.A recent study（1）　 　 （reveal） that students exposed to AI tutors for over 3 years show 25% higher test scores but 18% lower creativity indicators has highlighted a phenomenon（2）　 　 （term） the "Efficiency Paradox"by educators.
At Hangzhou No.2 High School，（3）　 　 experimental program requires that all AI﹣generated lesson plans（4）　 　 （review） by human teachers."The software might suggest teaching calculus（微积分） through gamification，"math teacher Wang Lin explained，"but only experienced educators can determine（5）　 　 such approaches actually enhance conceptual understanding."
Vocational education faces unique challenges.When introducing AI programming courses，administrators at Anhui Xinhua School initially anticipated enthusiasm.Contrary（6）　 　 expectations，many students reported feeling bothered by machine﹣centred curricula，which has promoted institutions to reevaluate and adjust their strategies regarding the（7）　 　 （integrate） of emerging tech.
Ethical concerns persist.At the heart of the debate，which has been intensifying in educational circles in recent years，（8）　 　 （lie） a fundamental question：Can algorithms match teachers' experienced guidance？As regulations struggle to keep pace with innovation，the education sector finds（9）　 　 （it） at a crossroads，where technological potential and educational integrity must be weighed with extraordinary care.
The resolution of this paradox may ultimately define whether AI becomes a tool for empowerment or yet another（10）　 　 （disturb） force demanding human adaptation.
13．（2025 长春模拟） Architeet Liu Jiakun（1）　 　 （award） the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize on Tuesday，making him the second winner from China to earn the highest honor in the field of architecture（2）　 　 Wang Shu in 2012.
Liu，who was born in Chengdu in 1956 and has lived and worked in Sichuan ever since，（3）　 　 （consistent） refuses to join the crowds working in cities like Beijing and Shanghai，choosing instead（4）　 　 （remain） rooted in Chengdu.Liu's career spans four decades and over 30 projects.
"The purpose of architecture is to create a beautiful，just and dignified living environment.People's real lives，happiness and dignity are（5）　 　 we work for，" says Liu.
Liu's focus on ordinary people is reflected in his largest project West Village，a five﹣story urban complex completed in 2015 in Chengdu.The complex，which（6）　 　 （include） a football field，a perimeter of paths for cyclists and pedestrians，and a market，is a popular public space and a destination for the residents to spend leisure time.
Hearing（7）　 　 news that Liu won the Pritzker Prize，many netizens who have visited the West Village and the museums（8）　 　 （design） by Liu express that his architecture embodies a precious sense of（9）　 　 （relax） ，much like the lively city of Chengdu itself，which is known for its giant pandas，hotpot and leisurely pace.
Wang，the 2012 Pritzker recipient，says that Liu's winning is encouraging，adding， "His works are very local，yet modern，directly（10）　 　 （address） the challenges facing the transformation of contemporary Chinese cities."
14．（2025 潍坊二模） Yueju Opera，a major school of traditional Chinese theater that traces its origins to Shengzhou County in Shaoxing，Zhejiang Province，shares with Peking Opera the unique form of story﹣telling that integrates classical singing，dancing，and acting （1）　 　 a unified artistic expression.However，this classical art form，like many others，has faced less interest from young people，until the groundbreaking New Dragon Gate Inn （2）　 　 （break） the spell
Different from previous Yueju Opera performances，the novelty of New Dragon Gate Inn is reflected in several aspects.First，it features （3）　 　 immersive experience，where the theater is turned into an inn filled with secret passages，（4）　 　 （combine） the stage and the audience seats.
In addition to its bold and innovative adaptation，New Dragon Gate Inn has also pioneered a marketing strategy—one that uses short video （5）　 　 （platform） to offer barrier﹣free online viewing，effectively engaging younger audiences.Yet （6）　 　 truly defines its success is not just its modern appeal，but the beauty of traditional Chinese culture and the continuous devotion of its guardians.They have bridged the old and the new，proving that innovation booms when rooted in heritage，（7）　 　 that traditions，when shared creatively，can find a lively new life.
The success of New Dragon Gate Inn signals a （8）　 　 （promise） future for other traditional Chinese art forms，showing how innovation—when grounded in respect for cultural heritage—can （9）　 　 （dramatic） expand artistic possibilities.As Chen Lijun，the production's lead performer，says， "Opera is carved in the DNA of the Chinese people.After a small stone （10）　 　 （cast），the DNA awakens."
15．（2025 青秀区校级模拟） A new performance in Dunhuang，Northwest China's Gansu province，revives the musical and dance scenes（1）　 　 （describe） in the murals of the Mogao Caves and （2）　 　 （offer） an immersive experience for the audience（3）　 　 （touch） the charm of the UNESCO World Heritage site.
Ancient Sound of Dunhuang is based on research into the ancient musical instruments and music scores featured either on the murals（4）　 　 in ancient manuscripts of the Library Cave，or Cave 17 of the Mogao Caves.
With the use of technology，it tells the story of an ancient young man's（5）　 　 （pursue） of a musical career and involves instruments like the five﹣stringed pipa，panpipe and lotus flower﹣shaped ruan，as well as various dances，such as huxuan，which（6）　 　 （originate） in Central Asia and were popular in the Tang Dynasty（618﹣907）.
By following the footsteps of（7）　 　 young man，who was staying at Dunhuang to seek musical inspiration from the profound mural art，the audience walk through，stand or sit while（8）　 　 （explore） the immersive performance spaces.
The venue is part of a homonymous （同名的） cultural tourism industry complex（9）　 　 combines immersive performing arts as well as cultural and（10）　 　 （create） products to promote the tourist economy.
16．（2025 建邺区校级二模） Have you heard of the term Start of Winter？There are things you may not know about it.Start of Winter is the first one of 24 Solar terms，among （1）　 　 it means winter is coming and crops （2）　 　 （harvest） in autumn should be stored up.
Before the Start of Winter，the ancient emperor would take a shower and have no more meat.、On that day，the emperor would lead his officials to the suburbs and perform the ceremony of"（3）　 　 （welcome） the winter."The following are some traditions about the festival.
Legend has （4）　 　 that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty （AD25—220）， "Medical Saint"Zhang Zhongjing saved many people in Henan province（5）　 　 a typhoid epidemic and their ears' from being frostbitten around Start of Winter.He cooked mutton，hot peppers and herbs to dispel the cold and increase body heat.He wrapped these ingredients into a dough skin and made them into （6）　 　 ear shape.Since then，people （7）　 　 （learn） to make the food which became known as"dumpling".Today there is still a saying that goes"Eat dumplings on Start of Winter Day，（8）　 　 your ears will be frostbitten".
There is another custom， "nourishing the winter"，in Southeast China.To prepare for the oncoming cold winter，people there like to eat high﹣calorie food such as chicken，duck，beef，mutton，and fish，which （9）　 　 （stew） with the four Chinese medicines to enhance the （10）　 　 （effective） of the nourishment.
17．（2025 天宁区校级二模） A walk through the hutong near Beijing's Drum Tower is always like stepping back in time.But （1）　 　 one recent cold winter night，during a walk through a well﹣traveled hutong there，I found myself suddenly transported back to my childhood years.
I was heading toward one of the（2）　 　 （area） two excellent CD record stores，when a display in a shop window caught my eye.Upon（3）　 　 （close） inspection，I realized the painting was a jigsaw puzzle，and the shop was devoted to such puzzles.When I stepped inside，the store's toasty warmth relighted fires in my heart and memory.Long ago，while doing the puzzles and searching（4）　 　 （endless） for the proper piece，I often found myself wondering whether perhaps I had lost a piece（5）　 　 maybe my cat had stolen one.To effectively solve problems，we need effort and rest；when（6）　 　 （stick），we need a break to bring clearness，finding the missing piece rapidly.
Among the valuable lessons and rewards that these puzzles offer（7）　 　 （be） that patience and determination are enhanced.But what is most （8）　 　 （benefit）is how，like the detective Sherlock Holmes，we look for answers or clues，working tirelessly（9）　 　 （find） the perfect fit.It's an approach（10）　 　 pays off when we encounter any challenge that life presents.
18．（2025 博爱县校级二模） At 8：12 on November 10，2020，Fendouzhe，China's latest and（1）　 　 （three） deep sea manned vessel （潜水器） successfully landed on the bottom of the Mariana Trench（2）　 　 （set） a new record of 10，909﹣meter manned deep diving.
During（3）　 　 deep sea scientific exploration，Fendouzhe will bring back precious video data，mineral and biological（4）　 　 （sample） for further scientific research on the Mariana Trench.
Fendouzhe，（5）　 　 inner space is the largest of its kind in the world，can accommodate three researchers at the same time.A new type of material independently（6）　 　 （development） by China ensures that the vessel is capable of resisting high pressure on the deepest seabed.Due（7）　 　 the improved communicating system，Fendouzhe can send real﹣time texts，voices and images from the 10，000﹣meter﹣deep seabed to the mother ship on the sea surface.Fendouzhe can work undersea（8）　 　 （continuous） for about 10 hours due to the key technical breakthrough in battery materials.
In the 1960s，China put forward the dream of "exploring the moon in space and discovering the mysteries of oceans".But until the 1990s，China's diving（9）　 　 （deep） remained at 600 meters，while MIRs （Russia's deep﹣sea manned vessel） had reached﹣6，000 meters.Since﹣2005，Chinese researchers（10）　 　 （make） constant breakthroughs with its three deep﹣sea manned vessels Jiaolong，Haidou and Fendouzhe.
19．（2025 郴州模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last summer.Daniel Newham from Britain and Cleo Luden from France went on（1）　 　 exciting journey to uncover China's rich culture.Their experiences are captured in the documentary China's Culture Journey，（2）　 　 has aired weekly on Dragon TV since March 4.
（3）　 　 （produce） by a studio of China，this four﹣episode （集） documentary provides a firsthand view of China's deep﹣rooted traditions and modern charm.（4）　 　 （cover） 16 landmarks across 20，000 kilometers，including nine UNESCO World Heritage Sites，the explorers witnessed how history and daily life connect.
The documentary sheds light on the preservation of 5，000 years of Chinese civilization，the（5）　 　 （innovation） development of traditional culture，the inheritance and protection of Chinese intangible cultural heritages，and so on.
Having lived in China for over 25 years，Newham，45，described the journey as "eye﹣ opening，all﹣inspiring and heartwarming." The Green Cloud Corridor，a landmark in Sichuan Province，（6）　 　 （particular）impressed him.
Another explorer，Luden was touched by her visit to Dunhuang，Gansu Province. "I'm passionate about the beautiful art in Dunhuang that（7）　 　 （pass） down for centuries by generations to continue drawing and preserving it.I think art is also more than pretty（8）　 　 （painting）.It shows you a way of life and how people think about it，" she says.
Having explored many Chinese cities，Luden is inviting global audiences（9）　 　 （visit） the nation，saying， "If you're not familiar（10）　 　 Chinese culture，it is such a different world and is so fun to discover.You will always be welcome."
20．（2025 蚌埠模拟） China's wooden arch bridges，masterpieces of ancient engineering，are also recorded on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List.One stand﹣out is the Wan'an Bridge in Fujian Province， （1）　 　 proof to the resilience of traditional craftsmanship（手工艺）。
From the outside，you wouldn't think that this bridge has been standing here for centuries.Wan'an Bridge， （2）　 　 （stretch）98.2 meters，is the largest and longest surviving wooden arch bridge in China today.
Rural Revitalization Officer Lu Zeqi says， "The most remarkable aspect of wooden arch bridges is their structure.Using short wooden pieces to cover large distances （3）　 　 （require）exceptional skill，and multi﹣span designs like Wan'an Bridge demand even greater expertise， （4）　 　 showcases ancient wisdom."
Local artisan Huang Minhui （5）　 　 his family have a century﹣long bond with Wan'an Bridge，leading major （6）　 　 （restore）efforts.In 2022，the toughness of the bridge （7）　 　 （test）once again.
Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritor Huang Minhui says， "The most crucial element is its wooden arch.The woven wooden structure， （8）　 　 （connect）entirely through mortise﹣and﹣tenon（榫卯结构）joints without nails，is both stable and innovative."
This bridge has faced floods，fires，and erosion（侵蚀）.Huang Minhui says， "Our biggest challenge is to maintain our ancestors' techniques.This isn't just about restoring a bridge，it's about preserving a heritage for future （9）　 　 （generation）."
（10）　 　 the ashes of disaster to the UNESCO stage，Wan'an Bridge reflects the spirit of resilience，tradition，and progress—a true cultural treasure bridging the past and the future.
高考英语一轮复习 语法填空
参考答案与试题解析
一．语法填空（共20小题）
1．（2025春 南京期中） Natural disasters are events caused by natural phenomena，resulting in significant property damage，environmental destruction，（1）　injury/injuries　 （injure） and even loss of life.These disasters at large （2）　are classified　 （classify） into weather and climate﹣driven events and earth﹣driven events.
Weather﹣related disasters often result from extreme weather conditions，among （3）　which　 heavy rainfall from hurricanes and typhoons give rise to severe flooding.Earth﹣driven disasters，on the other hand，originate from geological processes.Volcanic eruptions release lava flows and （4）　poisonous　 （poison） gases，endangering surrounding communities.
The impact of natural disasters extends beyond immediate destruction，destroying economies and leave people homeless.After such events，when （5）　faced　 （face） with challenges in providing emergency relief，rebuilding infrastructure（基础设施），and supporting affected residents，communities are always on the go.Worse still，（6）　following　 （follow） a disaster，many victims will suffer from long﹣term mental problems.
（7）　While/Though/Although　 we cannot prevent these events，we can take active steps to prepare for them and minimize their impact.
In an attempt （8）　to relieve　 （relieve） the effects of natural disasters，societies must make good preparations，including early warning systems which will keep residents informed （9）　of/about　 potential disasters，emergency response plans and disaster﹣resistant buildings.Additionally，education and awareness campaigns can help communities have （10）　a　 better understanding of the risks and how to respond effectively.
【答案】（1）injury/injuries （2）are classified （3）which （4）poisonous （5）faced （6）following （7）While/Though/Although （8）to relieve （9）of/about （10）a
【分析】本文介绍了自然灾害，包括其由自然现象引发，会造成财产损失、环境破坏、人员伤亡等后果，可分为天气气候驱动和地球驱动两类，还阐述了灾害的影响以及人类可采取的应对措施。
【解答】（1）考查名词。句意：自然灾害是由自然现象引起的事件，会导致重大财产损失、环境破坏、人员受伤甚至生命损失。此处与"property damage""environmental destruction""loss of life"并列，应用名词形式作宾语，injury意为"伤害；损伤" ，既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词。故填injury/injuries。
（2）考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：这些灾害大体上被分为天气和气候驱动事件以及地球驱动事件。主语"These disasters"和classify之间是被动关系，且陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填are classified。
（3）考查定语从句关系词。句意：与天气有关的灾害通常是由极端天气条件造成的，其中飓风和台风带来的暴雨会引发严重的洪水。此处是"介词 + 关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是"extreme weather conditions" ，指物，在从句中作介词among的宾语，故填which。
（4）考查形容词。句意：火山喷发会释放熔岩流和有毒气体，危及周围社区。修饰名词gases，应用形容词形式poisonous，意为"有毒的"。故填poisonous。
（5）考查过去分词。句意：在这些事件发生后，当面临提供紧急救援、重建基础设施和支持受灾居民等挑战时，社区总是忙个不停。be faced with是固定搭配，意为"面临" ，此处是时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为"when communities are faced with..." ，省略了主语和be动词。故填faced。
（6）考查现在分词。句意：更糟糕的是，在灾难发生后，许多受害者将遭受长期的心理问题。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词，"many victims"和follow之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填following。
（7）考查连词。句意：虽然我们无法阻止这些事件，但我们可以采取积极措施为它们做好准备，并将其影响降至最低。前后句之间是让步关系，应用Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句。故填While/Though/Although。
（8）考查动词不定式。句意：为了减轻自然灾害的影响，社会必须做好充分准备，包括建立早期预警系统，让居民了解潜在的灾害、应急响应计划和抗灾建筑。in an attempt to do sth.是固定搭配，意为"试图做某事"。故填to relieve。
（9）考查介词。句意：为了减轻自然灾害的影响，社会必须做好充分准备，包括建立早期预警系统，让居民了解潜在的灾害、应急响应计划和抗灾建筑。inform sb.of/about sth.是固定搭配，意为"通知某人某事" ，此处是其被动形式。故填of/about。
（10）考查冠词。句意：此外，教育和宣传活动可以帮助社区更好地了解风险以及如何有效应对。have a better understanding of是固定搭配，意为"对……有更好的理解"。故填a。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
2．（2025春 上海校级期中） A multi﹣institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester （1）　affects/affected　 （affect） first year college students end﹣of﹣semester grade point average （GPA）.Using Fitbit sleep trackers，they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night，but negative outcomes increase （2）　when/if　 students receive less than six hours of sleep a night.The results are available in the Feb.13 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Sleep guidelines recommend teenagers get 8 to 10 hours of sleep every night.Many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep.
David Creswell，the William S.Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences，led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA．College students often push （3）　themselves　 to achieve high GPA.
"Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory，" said Creswell. "Here we show how this work translates（4）　to/into　 humans.The less nightly sleep a first year college student gets at the beginning of the school term，the lower GPA at the end of the term（5）　is predicted　 （predict）.Lack of sleep（6）　may/can　 hurt﹣students' ability to learn in their college classrooms."
The study evaluated more than 600 first﹣year students across five studies at three universities.The students wore wrist Fitbit devices（7）　to monitor/monitoring　 （monitor） their sleep patterns.The researchers found that students in the study sleep on average 6.5 hours a night.
More surprisingly，the researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a（8）　pronounced　 （pronounce） decline in academic performance.In addition，each hour of sleep lost corresponded to a 0.07 decrease in end﹣of﹣term GPA.
"Once you start dipping below six hours，you are starting to accumulate massive sleep debt（9）　which/that　 can harm a student's health and study habits，compromising the whole system，" said Creswell. "Most surprising to me was that （10）　no matter what　 we did to make the effect go away，it persisted."
"Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college.There's real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep，" said Creswell.
【答案】（1）affects/affected（2）when/if（3）themselves（4）to/into（5）is predicted（6）may/can（7）to monitor/monitoring（8）pronounced（9）which/that（10）no matter what
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现夜间睡眠是学生取得优异成绩的关键。
【解答】（1）考查时态。句意：一个多机构的研究小组进行了第一项研究，以评估学期早期夜间睡眠的持续时间如何影响一年级大学生学期末的平均绩点（GPA）。此处可理解为陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为duration，谓语用三单形式；或理解为发生在过去用一般过去时。故填affects/ affected。
（2）考查状语从句。句意：使用Fitbit睡眠追踪器，他们发现学生平均每晚睡眠6.5小时，但如果学生每晚睡眠时间少于6小时，负面影响就会增加。此处可用时间状语从句，表示"当……时候"用when；或用条件状语从句，表示"如果"用if。故填when/if。
（3）考查代词。句意：大学生经常强迫自己取得高GPA。此处指主语students，用反身代词themselves，作宾语。故填themselves。
（4）考查介词。句意：在这里，我们展示了这项工作如何转化为人类。短语translate to/into表示"转化为"。故填to/into。
（5）考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：据预测，大学一年级学生在学期开始时每晚睡眠越少，学期结束时的平均成绩就越低。主语the lower GPA与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文gets可知为一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is predicted。
（6）考查情态动词。句意：睡眠不足可能会损害学生在大学课堂上的学习能力。后跟动词原形，表示"可能"用情态动词may/can。故填may/can。
（7）考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们在手腕上佩戴Fitbit设备来监测他们的睡眠模式。此处monitor可用不定式作目的状语；或与devices构成主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填to monitor/ monitoring。
（8）考查形容词。句意：更令人惊讶的是，研究人员发现，睡眠时间少于6小时的学生学习成绩明显下降。修饰名词decline用形容词pronounced。故填pronounced。
（9）考查定语从句。句意：克雷斯韦尔说："一旦你的睡眠时间开始低于6小时，你就开始积累大量的睡眠债务，这会损害学生的健康和学习习惯，损害整个系统。"限制性定语从句修饰先行词debt，在从句作主语，指物，故填which/that。
（10）考查状语从句。句意："最让我惊讶的是，无论我们做什么来消除这种影响，它仍然存在。"引导让步状语从句，表示"无论什么"用no matter what。故填no matter what。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
3．（2025 上虞区模拟） Born into four generations of carpenters，Hao Liyan seemed destined for a career in building.But his true calling was running a business crafting toys（1）　which/ that　 use traditional Chinese mortise﹣and﹣tenon（榫卯） joints.
Having seen all the hard work and（2）　injuries　 （injure） his ancestors endured，Hao decided against following in their footsteps.But after growing up，he understood the value of craftsmanship and felt （3）　a　 duty to preserve these skills.
This traditional technique， （4）　named　 （name） sunmao in Chinese，joins concave and conver（凹面和凸面的） wood pieces together by fitting them like puzzle pieces.Without using nails or glue，the system creates strong，interlocking structures.Peaking during the Ming and Qing dynasties，sunmao was （5）　essential　 （essence） to constructing everything from grand palaces（6）　to　 elaborate furniture and musical instruments.With modernization over the centuries，（7）　however　 ，the technique declined as cheaper，less labor﹣intensive industry.
But in recent years，this ancient technique（8）　has found　 （find） new life amid a cultural revival that celebrates traditional Chinese elements in contemporary design.
As he was building sunmao toys for his first child，Hao saw an opportunity and founded Qiaolin，which（9）　gradually　 （gradual） gains a foothold in the toy market dominated by foreign brands like Lego.
While mortise﹣and﹣tenon toys（10）　are considered　 （consider） China's answer to Lego，Hao insists that their linkage systems are quite different.The variation in mortise﹣and﹣tenon joint connections is more diverse.
【答案】（1）which/ that （2）injuries （3）a （4）named （5）essential （6）to （7）however （8）has found （9）gradually （10）are considered
【分析】郝立岩出身于四代木匠家庭，却投身于用中国传统榫卯工艺制作玩具的事业。他看到祖先的辛苦与伤痛后曾不想继承木工，但长大后意识到工艺传承价值。榫卯工艺在明清时期鼎盛，用于宫殿到家具等建造，后因现代化而衰落。近年文化复兴中它重获新生，郝丽艳创立"巧林"在玩具市场立足，虽有人将其与乐高对比，但他强调榫卯连接方式更多样。
【解答】（1）考查定语从句关系词。句意为：但他真正的使命是经营一家制作玩具的企业，这些玩具使用中国传统的榫卯工艺。先行词toys指物，在定语从句中作主语，故填which/ that。
（2）考查名词复数。句意为：看到祖先们所忍受的所有辛勤劳动和伤痛后，郝决定不追随他们的脚步。and连接并列成分，前面是hard work，这里应用名词复数injuries表示"伤痛" ，故填injuries。
（3）考查冠词。句意为：但长大后，他理解了工艺的价值，并觉得有责任去保留这些技艺。a duty to do sth表示"……的责任" ，用不定冠词a，故填a。
（4）考查过去分词。句意为：这种传统工艺，中文名为"榫卯" ，通过像拼图一样拼接凹面和凸面的木块，将它们连接在一起。name与This traditional technique是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填named。
（5）考查形容词。句意为：榫卯在明清时期达到鼎盛，对于从宏伟宫殿到精致家具和乐器的建造至关重要。be essential to"对……至关重要" ，是固定短语，故填essential。
（6）考查介词。句意为：榫卯在明清时期达到鼎盛，对于从宏伟宫殿到精致家具和乐器的建造至关重要。from...to..."从……到……" ，是固定搭配，故填to。
（7）考查副词。句意为：然而，随着几个世纪以来的现代化发展，这种工艺衰落了，因为它成了更廉价、劳动强度更低的行业。此处表示转折，且有逗号隔开，应用副词however，故填however。
（8）考查时态及主谓一致。句意为：但近年来，这种古老的工艺在一场颂扬当代设计中中国传统元素的文化复兴中获得了新生。根据时间状语in recent years可知，应用现在完成时，主语是单数，故填has found。
（9）考查副词。句意为：当郝为他的第一个孩子制作榫卯玩具时，他看到了一个机会，并创立了"巧林" ，它逐渐在由乐高这样的外国品牌主导的玩具市场中站稳了脚跟。修饰动词gains应用副词gradually，故填gradually。
（10）考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意为：虽然榫卯玩具被认为是中国版的乐高，但郝坚称它们的连接系统有很大不同。分析句中可知，此处缺少的是谓语动词，根据下文insists可知用一般现在时，consider与mortise﹣and﹣tenon toys是动宾关系，用现在完成时的被动语态主语是toys，故填are considered。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
4．（2025 浦东新区三模）
Using abbreviations（缩写） in text messages comes across as less sincere
Psychologists analysed messages from more than 5，000 people and found that those who used abbreviations were considered less sincere.The findings suggest that dashing off a quick "hru？"doesn't seem genuine.Instead，taking the time（1）　to spell　 （spell） out："How are you？"appears more sincere.
David Fang and his colleagues ran the studies to explore the impact of abbreviations in different（2）　messaging　 （message） situations.People using abbreviations（3）　tended　 （tend） to receive fewer responses than those who spelled words out，the studies found.While younger people used more abbreviations，the negative effect remained，the researchers say.
（4）　Since　 the world's first text message appeared in December 1992，senders have developed a more efficient language with complete words and phrases dropped in favour of the bare minimum of letters.Half﹣hearted agreement becomes"idrc"，for"I don't really care".And why bother（5）　with　 the effort of writing"I love you"when"ily"will do？The researchers dug into the issue to understand whether abbreviations，which（6）　are/were intended　 （intend） to convey exactly the same meaning as the full word，had slight effects on recipients.One school of thought is that abbreviations are（7）　more casual　 （casual） and informal，promoting a closeness between those who message.（8）　Another　 holds that abbreviations reveal a lack of effort and interest in the person.
In one of the experiments，people who received messages full of abbreviations responded with shorter messages than otherwise."Our findings echo literature（9）　which/that　 indicates people value conversational quality.They prefer messages that convey thoughtfulness and personal connection，"the authors write.Although researchers used real﹣world data for some of their work，other psychologists questioned（10）　whether/if　 abbreviations were really so problematic.
Professor Linda Kaye，a psychologist at Edge Hill University，said："In a real world interaction，receivers are likely to have more context and familiarity with the sender，making the use of abbreviations less troublesome."
【答案】（1）to spell（2）messaging（3）tended（4）Since（5）with（6）are/were intended（7）more casual（8）Another（9）which/that（10）whether/if
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了在短信交流中使用缩写对交流质量的影响，以及人们对缩写的态度和看法。
【解答】（1）考查动词不定式。句意：相反，花时间拼写出"How are you？"显得更真诚。take the time to do sth.意为"花时间做某事"，是动词短语。故填to spell。
（2）考查动名词。句意：大卫 方和他的同事进行了这些研究，以探索缩写在不同短信交流情境中的影响。message是动词，用动名词作定语修饰situations，messaging situations表示"短信交流的情境"。故填messaging。
（3）考查动词时态。句意：研究发现，使用缩写的人往往比拼写完整单词的人收到的回复更少。空格处是谓语动词，根据上下文可知，描述的是过去的情况，所以用一般过去时，tend的过去式是tended。故填tended。
（4）考查连词。句意：自1992年12月世界上第一条短信出现以来，发件人已经发展出了一种更高效的语言，完整的单词和短语被省略，只保留最少的字母。（4） the world's first text message appeared in December 1992是时间状语从句，根据句意和主句的现在完成时可知，空格处应该用连词since"自从……"引导时间状语从句。故填Since。
（5）考查介词。句意：既然"ily"就可以表达，为什么还要费力去写"我爱你"呢？bother with sth.意为"为某事费心；为某事烦恼"，是动词短语。故填with。
（6）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：研究人员深入研究这个问题，以了解那些旨在传达与完整单词完全相同含义的缩写，是否会对接收者产生细微的影响。be intended to do sth.表示"旨在做某事；打算做某事"，abbreviations和intend之间是被动关系，这里既可以用一般现在时的被动语态are intended，表示一般情况；根据主句的一般过去时，也可以用一般过去时的被动语态were intended，结合上下文语境，两种时态都合理。故填are/ were intended。
（7）考查形容词比较级。句意：一种观点认为，缩写更随意、更不正式，能促进短信交流者之间的亲密感。根据后面的and informal以及语境可知，这里是将缩写和正常表达进行比较，有"更随意"的含义，要用形容词casual的比较级more casual。故填more casual。
（8）考查代词。句意：另一种观点认为，缩写显示出发件人对对方缺乏努力和兴趣。根据前面的One school of thought可知，这里是说"另一种观点"，another表示"另一个；再一个"，用于三者或三者以上中的另一个。故填Another。
（9）考查定语从句。句意：我们的研究结果与表明人们重视对话质量的文献相呼应。分析句子结构可知，_（9）_　indicates people value conversational quality是一个定语从句，修饰先行词literature，关系代词在从句中作主语，指物，所以可以用which/that引导从句。故填which/that。
（10）考查宾语从句。句意：尽管研究人员在他们的一些研究中使用了现实世界的数据，但其他心理学家质疑缩写是否真的有那么大问题。questioned后面接宾语从句，根据语境可知，这里表示"是否"的意思，所以用whether/if引导从句。故填whether/if。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
5．（2025 凉山州模拟） As the ban on TikTok approaches in the United States，（1）　with　 a deadline set for January2025，millions of American users （2）　who/that　 are facing the prospect of losing their favorite social platform have started migrating to a new destination：Xiaohongshu，a Chinese social media app.
These users，who have called themselves "TikTok Refugees，"have flooded into Xiaohongshu，seeking a （3）　similar　 （similarity） experience to what they enjoyed on TikTok.As a result，Xiaohongshu has leapt to the top of the US App Store downloads chart，even surpassing（超越）ByteDance's heavily promoted Lemon 8 （4）　and　 other popular apps.
Many of these new users （5）　are posting　 （post） in English，sharing their daily lives，pets，meals，and dance videos.Some are also learning Chinese to better navigate the app and connect with the local community.Meanwhile，Chinese users are welcoming their new international friends，（6）　enjoying　 （enjoy） the opportunity to practice their English.
In response to the rapid rise in popularity，Xiaohongshu has been actively welcoming（7）　its　 （it） new users and providing resources to help them navigate the app.The platform has also seen an increase in content creation and engagement，as both American and Chinese users are excited （8）　to explore　 （explore） this new cultural exchange.
This phenomenon highlights the global interconnection of social media and the power it has to bring people together，despite political and cultural （9）　differences　 （different）.Up to now，Xiaohongshu has emerged as （10）　an　 unexpected beneficiary（受益者），welcoming a wave of new users from across the Atlantic.
【答案】（1）with （2）who/that （3）similar （4）and （5）are posting （6）enjoying （7）its （8）to explore （9）differences （10）an
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道的是美国对TikTok禁令将至，数百万美国用户涌入小红书寻求相似体验，小红书积极应对，凸显社交媒体跨文化连接作用。
【解答】（1）考查with的复合结构。句意为：随着美国对TikTok的禁令临近，截止日期设定为2025年1月……"with + 宾语 + 过去分词" ，这里"a deadline"和"set"是被动关系，用with引导复合结构作伴随状语。故填with。
（2）考查定语从句关系词。句意为：数百万美国用户面临失去他们喜爱的社交平台的前景，已经开始迁移到一个新的目的地……先行词是"millions of American users"，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指人，故填who。
（3）考查形容词。句意为：这些自称"TikTok难民"的用户涌入小红书，寻求与他们在TikTok上享受的相似的体验。修饰名词"experience"，用形容词形式，故填similar。
（4）考查连词。句意为：……甚至超过了字节跳动大力推广的Lemon 8 和其他流行应用程序。这里连接"Lemon 8"和"other popular apps" ，表示并列关系，故填and。
（5）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意为：许多新用户正用英语发帖，分享他们的日常生活、宠物、美食和舞蹈视频。描述现阶段一直发生的事情，用现在进行时，主语是复数，故填are posting。
（6）考查现在分词。句意为：与此同时，中国用户欢迎他们的新国际朋友，享受练习英语的机会。"Chinese users"和"enjoy"是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填enjoying。
（7）考查代词。句意为：为应对人气的迅速上升，小红书一直在积极欢迎它的新用户……修饰"new users" ，用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
（8）考查动词不定式。句意为：……因为美国和中国用户都热衷于探索这种新的文化交流。"be excited to do sth."是固定用法，意为"热衷于做某事" ，故填to explore。
（9）考查名词复数。句意为：这一现象凸显了社交媒体的全球互联性，以及它将人们聚集在一起的力量，尽管存在政治和文化差异。"difference"作"差异"讲时是可数名词，这里用复数表示泛指，故填differences。
（10）考查冠词。句意为：到目前为止，小红书已成为一个意外的受益者……"unexpected beneficiary"是泛指，且"unexpected"发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
6．（2025 雨花区校级模拟） After several months of anticipation，the new stars of the National Zoo of the United States，three﹣year﹣old giant pandas Bao Li and Qing Bao，made their （1）　playful　 （play） debut（首次亮相） on January 24，2025.The pandas adapted （2）　remarkably　 （remarkable） well to their new environment，quickly bonding with keepers.
China （3）　has gifted　 （gift） or loaned pandas worldwide since the 1970s﹣a tradition known as panda diplomacy﹣with zoos contributing substantial fees （4）　to support　 （support） conservation efforts.This practice carries deep historical significance.During early Cold War tensions，when the U.S.sought to （5）　weaken　 （weak） China's international standing，pandas became （6）　an　 unexpected bridge.In 1972，a few months after Nixon's historic visit，China presented two giant pandas to the United States， （7）　serving　 （serve） as a powerful signal of the easing of relations between the two countries.Today，the program relies heavily on donations，with 75% of its＄2.8 M budget （8）　funded　 （fund） privately﹣a testament to their enduring popularity.
As Bao Li and Qing Bao entertain visitors （9）　with　 their funny actions，climbing trees and playing with toys，they represent more than just adorable animals.They represent the complexity of international relations， （10）　where　 soft power often speaks louder than political rhetoric（辞令）.They also represent the complex，evolving relationship between two global powers﹣proving that sometimes，diplomatic breakthroughs come on four furry legs.
【答案】（1）playful（2）remarkably（3）has gifted（4）to support（5）weaken（6）an（7）serving（8）funded（9）with（10）where
【分析】本文介绍了2025年1月24日在美国国家动物园新亮相的大熊猫宝力和青宝，并由此引出熊猫外交的历史渊源。文章回顾了自20世纪70年代以来中国通过赠送或租借熊猫开展外交的传统，特别提及1972年尼克松访华后中国向美国赠送熊猫这一标志性事件。文章指出，这些可爱的动物不仅是文化使者，更象征着中美关系的演变，以及软实力在外交中的重要作用。
【解答】（1）考查形容词。句意：经过几个月的期待，美国国家动物园的新星，三岁大的大熊猫宝力和青宝于2025年1月24日首次顽皮地亮相。此处需用形容词修饰名词debut，描述熊猫首次亮相时的状态。play的形容词形式为playful，符合熊猫活泼可爱的首次亮相的语境。故填playful。
（2）考查副词。句意：大熊猫对新环境的适应非常好，很快与饲养员建立了联系。此处需用副词修饰动词adapted"适应"。故填remarkably。
（3）考查动词时态主谓一致。句意：自20世纪70年代以来，中国在全球范围内赠送或借出大熊猫，这一传统被称为熊猫外交，动物园为支持保护工作提供了大量费用。时间状语since the 1970s提示使用现在完成时。has gifted表示从过去持续到现在的动作，体现熊猫外交的传统。故填has gifted。
（4）考查动词不定式。句意：自20世纪70年代以来，中国在全球范围内赠送或借出大熊猫，这一传统被称为熊猫外交，动物园为支持保护工作提供了大量费用。此处需用不定式作目的状语，解释支付高额费用的目的。to support conservation efforts表示"为了支持保护工作"。故填to support。
（5）考查词性转换。句意：在冷战初期的紧张局势中，当美国试图削弱中国的国际地位时，熊猫成了一座意想不到的桥梁。结合to，设空处应用动词原形。故填weaken。
（6）考查冠词。句意：在冷战初期的紧张局势中，当美国试图削弱中国的国际地位时，熊猫成了一座意想不到的桥梁。unexpected的发音以元音音素开头，需用an。an unexpected bridge指熊猫成为一座意外的桥梁。故填an。
（7）考查现在分词。句意：1972年，在尼克松历史性访问几个月后，中国向美国赠送了两只大熊猫，这是两国关系缓和的有力信号。现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明赠送熊猫的意义。serving as…表示"作为……的信号"，与主句动作同时发生。故填serving。
（8）考查过去分词。句意：如今，该项目严重依赖捐款，其280万美元预算的75%由私人资助，这证明了其经久不衰的受欢迎程度。此处需用被动语态，budget与fund是被动关系。funded privately表示"由私人资助"。故填funded。
（9）考查介词。句意：当宝力和青宝用他们有趣的动作、爬树和玩玩具来招待游客时，他们代表的不仅仅是可爱的动物。with their funny actions表示"以它们有趣的行为"。介词with引导方式状语，说明如何娱乐游客。entertain sb.with sth."使有兴趣；使快乐"。故填with。
（10）考查关系副词。句意：它们代表了国际关系的复杂性，在国际关系中，软实力往往比政治辞令更有说服力。此处引导定语从句修饰international relations表示"在国际关系中"，where相当于in which，指代抽象地点。故填where。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
7．（2025 闽清县校级三模） For many，cycling to Lhasa is a romantic dream.But for Li Shuangsheng and his son，Li Xuyao，it was （1）　a　 36﹣day，2，298﹣kilometer journey of growth—crossing 14 mountains over 4，000 meters and （2）　battling　 （battle） altitude（海拔） sickness.This was the father's special gift to his son's 16th birthday.
Setting off （3）　from　 Chongqing，they rode in a"father in front，son behind"formation，determined to bike up one mountain each day.One day，they（4）　were caught　 （catch） in a heavy rainstorm on Kazila Mountain's slopes（山坡）.Li Shuangsheng led the way downhill and stopped by the roadside to wait for his son.Ten minutes later，Li Xuyao appeared，（5）　covered　 （cover）in mud.His bike，（6）　whose　 chain had slipped off，caused him to lose balance and fall to the ground.
During the day，the mountain roads，burning sun，and rainstorms exhausted the father and the son.At night，they either sheltered with Tibetan families （7）　or　 camped alone.Several times，the father jokingly suggested giving up，but Li Xuyao always replied （8）　firmly　 （firm），"No way.I'll do whatever it takes to get there."
After wearing down six sets of brake pads（刹车片），they finally arrived in Lhasa.For Li Xuyao's mother，it was a moment of （9）　relief　 （relieve） and pride."I prayed for their safe return every night，"she said."My son has grown into a （10）　tougher　 （tough） and more mature young man."
【答案】（1）a（2）battling（3）from（4）were caught（5）covered（6）whose（7）or（8）firmly（9）relief（10）tougher
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位父亲和儿子为了庆祝儿子16岁生日，在36天内完成了2298公里的骑行到达拉萨。
【解答】（1）考查不定冠词。句意：但是对于Li Shuangsheng和他的儿子Li Xayao来说，这是一个36天，2298公里的成长之旅，翻越了14座4000米以上的大山，与高原反应作斗争。journey为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，36﹣day为辅音音素开头，故填a。
（2）考查现在分词。句意：但是对于Li Shuangsheng和他的儿子Li Xayao来说，这是一个36天，2298公里的成长之旅，翻越了14座4000米以上的大山，与高原反应作斗争。此处与crossing并列，故用现在分词battling。故填battling。
（3）考查介词。句意：从重庆出发，他们骑着"父亲在前，儿子在后"的信息，决心每天骑上一座山。结合句意可知，此处表示"从重庆出发"，故填from。
（4）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：有一天，他们在Kazla山的山坡上遇到了一场暴雨。主语they与catch之间是被动关系，且根据one day可知，此处用一般过去时，主语为they，故填were caught。
（5）考查过去分词。句意：十分钟后，Li Xayao出现了，浑身是泥。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，cover与Li Xayao之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，故填covered。
（6）考查定语从句。句意：他的自行车链条滑落，导致他失去平衡，摔倒在地。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为bike，在从句中作定语，故填whose。
（7）考查连词。句意：晚上，他们要么和藏族家庭一起躲藏，要么独自露营。either..or.…表示"要么……要么……""，故填or。
（8）考查副词。句意：几次，父亲开玩笑地说要放弃，但是Li Xayao总是坚定地回答："不行，我会尽一切努力到达那里。"此处修饰动词replied，副词修饰动词，故填firmly。
（9）考查名词。句意：对于Li Xayao的母亲来说，这是一个欣慰和自豪的时刻。根据and pride可知，此处用名词relief与pride并列，故填relief。
（10）考查形容词比较级。句意：我的儿子已经成长为一个更坚强、更成熟的年轻人。根据and more mature可知，此处用比较级，故填tougher。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
8．（2025 重庆模拟） Opened to the public on Feb.26，2023，the Yinxu Museum in Anyang，Henan province，has become a popular attraction，receiving over 1.8 million visits in 2024.To celebrate its first anniversary，a series of （1）　activities　 （activity）were held，including lectures，seminars（研讨会），and performances.
A new exhibition，The Show of King's Return，featuring 36 ancient inscribed（刻字的）bones from the Tianjin Museum，was launched on Wednesday.

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