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培优补差系列之完形填空综合训练一(学生版)
【2025全国一卷】One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 41 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 42 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 43 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 44 with things that, while not particularly 45 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 46 , another asking for a price cut. As our 47 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 48 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
49 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 50 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 51 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 52 .
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 53 that share our small space. I take 54 in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 55 something that couldn’t come with us.
41．A．painting over B．looking around C．emptying out D．pulling down
42．A．hotel B．office C．cottage D．apartment
43．A．store B．display C．sell D．repair
44．A．covered B．decorated C．stuffed D．equipped
45．A．conventional B．valuable C．complicated D．tolerable
46．A．fees B．photos C．receipts D．models
47．A．move B．pay C．market D．work
48．A．warning B．request C．description D．reply
49．A．Confused B．Interested C．Disappointed D．Encouraged
50．A．visits B．reports C．advice D．money
51．A．remove B．spare C．find D．check
52．A．investigated B．recognized C．encountered D．recommended
53．A．giveaways B．posts C．contributions D．belongings
54．A．joy B．part C．care D．time
55．A．anticipating B．appreciating C．delivering D．withdrawing
综合训练
一、语块积累
1、凝视，瞪着
2、忙着做某事
3、填满，装满
4、关键物品，重要物品
5、属于（某处）
6、在网上发布
7、降价，砍价
8、来临，临近
9、选择，选定，确定
10、瞬间，立刻
11、一缕珍贵的阳光
12、提供机会
13、避免填埋、节约填埋空间
14、取悦他人
15、从…中获得快乐
二、翻译句子
我坐在厨房里，凝视着一个自婚礼后就再没见过天日的玻璃花瓶。
我们已经为要搬去的城里公寓选好了关键物品，捐掉了能捐的东西，还租了个地方来存放我们自以为重要的物件。
房子里仍然塞满了那些虽然不算特别有价值、但也不该进入垃圾填埋场的东西。
每一次交易都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋场的机会，并让一个我可能根本不会遇到的人感到高兴。
我感到欣慰，因为知道在附近的某个地方，正有人珍爱着某件我们无法带走的东西。
三、长难句分析&写作练习
1. 并列结构表达复杂决策
We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.
讲解：这个句子使用了经典的“A, B, and C”并列结构，清晰地叙述了搬家过程中所做的三件事，逻辑清晰，节奏感强。是写作中列举多项事实或行动的绝佳范例。
仿写要点：学习用并列结构叙述一连串的动作或决策。
仿写示例：为了准备新学期，我购买了所有必需的教科书，整理了上学期的笔记，并制定了未来几周的详细学习计划。
现在分词作伴随状语
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the belongings that share our small space.
讲解：主句“I sit...”陈述一个事实，现在分词短语“loving...”则生动地描述了主语伴随的心境和状态，使句子层次丰富，情感细腻。
仿写要点：在描述主语状态时，可用现在分词短语补充其心理活动或伴随动作。
仿写示例：她站在舞台上，在明亮的灯光下既感到紧张又兴奋。
3. “while”引导的让步状语从句
That left a house still stuffed with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill.
讲解：“while”在此表示“尽管”，引导一个插入性的让步从句，使主句“didn't belong in a landfill”的语义更突出，体现了作者复杂的评判标准。
仿写要点：使用“while”引出一个对比或让步信息，使论述更全面、辩证。
仿写示例： 这部电影虽然在商业上并不成功，却因其艺术价值而受到评论家的高度赞扬。
4. 抽象名词作主语，使表达更客观
Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person...
讲解：这个句子以“Each exchange”（每一次交易）这个抽象概念作为主语，使叙述的重点从“我”做了什么，转向了“交易”这一行为本身带来的双重好处，立意更高。
仿写要点：尝试用抽象名词或动名词作主语，提升句子的客观性和成熟度。
仿写示例：学习一门新语言打开了理解一种不同文化的大门。
5. “take joy in” 高级情感表达
I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is appreciating something that couldn’t come with us.
讲解：“take joy in” 是一个比 “I'm happy because...” 更正式、更优美的短语，后面接动名词“knowing”，并带有一个长长的宾语从句，完美表达了作者持久而深刻的满足感。
仿写要点：使用“take joy in / take pride in / find satisfaction in”等高级短语来表达情感。
仿写示例：这位老园丁看到自己种下的种子长成一个美丽的花园，感到无比自豪。
6. 含蓄虚拟语气
Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered.
讲解：这个句子包含了一个非常高级的语法点——含蓄虚拟语气。副词otherwise（否则，要不然）隐含了一个虚拟的条件。完整的虚拟句应为： If I had not sold the item in this way, I might not have encountered this person. (如果我没有通过这种方式售卖物品，我可能就不会遇到这个人。)
原句的巧妙之处在于： 它用一个简单的otherwise替代了整个if条件句，使表达非常简洁、地道、有力。might not have encountered 是虚拟语气主句的结构，表示“对过去发生情况的可能性的推测”，这种用法在完形填空和阅读理解中都是高频考点。 鼓励学生在写作中尝试使用这种简洁的含蓄虚拟语气，来替代冗长的if从句，让句子更显老练。
仿写示例 ：她帮助了我很多。没有她的支持，我是不可能完成这个项目的。
四、改编成语法填空
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase. It 1 (not see) daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 2 (empty) out our home. We had lived there for 23 years and collected many things. We chose some items for our new apartment, donated 3 we could, and rented a place to store important objects. That left our house still stuffed with many things that , while not 4
(particular) valuable, didn’t belong 5 a landfill.
I took a photo of the vase and posted it online for $10. Soon, I received some messages. One person wanted more 6 (photo). Another asked for a lower price. As moving day got closer, I made it free and reposted it. The 7 (describe) : "I don't like this vase. Maybe you will." A woman came immediately and happily took it.
8 (encourage) by this, I posted more. These exchanges became a bright ray in my 9 (chaos) life. Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered..
Now I live in my new apartment, loving all he things that stayed with me. It brings me joy to know that somewhere nearby, someone 10 (appreciate) something that once belonged to me.培优补差系列之完形填空综合训练一(教师解析版)
Cloze 1
学生完成试题
【2025全国一卷】 One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 41 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 42 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 43 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 44 with things that, while not particularly 45 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 46 , another asking for a price cut. As our 47 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 48 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
49 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 50 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 51 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 52 .
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 53 that share our small space. I take 54 in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 55 something that couldn’t come with us.
41．A．painting over B．looking around C．emptying out D．pulling down
42．A．hotel B．office C．cottage D．apartment
43．A．store B．display C．sell D．repair
44．A．covered B．decorated C．stuffed D．equipped
45．A．conventional B．valuable C．complicated D．tolerable
46．A．fees B．photos C．receipts D．models
47．A．move B．pay C．market D．work
48．A．warning B．request C．description D．reply
49．A．Confused B．Interested C．Disappointed D．Encouraged
50．A．visits B．reports C．advice D．money
51．A．remove B．spare C．find D．check
52．A．investigated B．recognized C．encountered D．recommended
53．A．giveaways B．posts C．contributions D．belongings
54．A．joy B．part C．care D．time
55．A．anticipating B．appreciating C．delivering D．withdrawing
核对答案，讲解全文
【答案】
41．C 42．D 43．A 44．C 45．B 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．D 50．A 51．B 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在搬家过程中通过免费赠送旧物获得快乐的故事。
41．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23年时间建造的心爱的房子。A. painting over 粉刷覆盖；B. looking around 环顾四周；C. emptying out 清空；D. pulling down 拆除。根据上文“My husband and I had just sold our house”和下文“the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up”可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. hotel 酒店；B. office 办公室；C. cottage 小屋；D. apartment 公寓。根据文章最后一段“I sit in my apartment today”可推知，此处指作者一家人搬到了公寓。故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. store 储存；B. display 展示；C. sell 出售；D. repair 修理。根据上文“rented a place”以及下文“our supposedly important objects”可推知，此处指租地方是为了存放重要物品。故选A。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. covered 覆盖的；B. decorated 装饰的；C. stuffed 塞满的；D. equipped 配备的。根据上文“rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects”以及下文“with things”可推知，此处指房子里仍塞满物品。故选C。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. conventional 传统的；B. valuable 有价值的；C. complicated 复杂的；D. tolerable 可容忍的。根据上文“while not particularly”以及下文“didn’t belong in a landfill”可推知，此处指虽不贵重但不应丢弃的物品。故选B。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。A. fees 费用；B. photos 照片；C. receipts 收据；D. models 模型。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase”及“additional”可推知，此处指有人索要更多照片。故选B。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着搬家日的临近，我确定了一个新的价格（0美元）并重新发布了它。A. move 搬家；B. pay 支付；C. market 市场；D. work 工作。根据前文搬家背景及下文“day drew near”可推知，此处指搬家日临近。故选A。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：描述：“我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。”A. warning 警告；B. request 请求；C. description 描述；D. reply 回复。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online”以及下文“I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.”可推知，此处指是重新发布的对花瓶的描述。故选C。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到鼓励，我发布了更多。A. Confused 困惑的；B. Interested 感兴趣的；C. Disappointed 失望的；D. Encouraged 受鼓励的。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.”以及作者后文持续发帖的行为，可推知，此处指作者受到鼓舞。故选D。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天收到的帖子和来我家里的拜访，在我混乱的房子里变成了一束珍贵的光芒。A. visits 拜访；B. reports 报告；C. advice 建议；D. money 钱。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house”以及“My daily posts”和后文的互动，可推知，此处指去作者家里拜访。故选A。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. remove 移除；B. spare 省得；免去；C. find 发现；D. check 检查。根据上文语境以及下文“the landfill”可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare引申为“免去”表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. investigated 调查；B. recognized 认出；C. encountered 遇见；D. recommended 推荐。根据上文“another person I might not otherwise”可推知，此处指免费赠送旧物让原本不会遇见的人感到高兴。故选C。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，爱着我们小空间里的每一件所有物。A. giveaways 赠品；B. posts 帖子；C. contributions 贡献；D. belongings 所有物。结合语境，再根据上文“I sit in my apartment today”以及下文“share our small space”可推知，此处指现在拥有的物品。故选D。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. joy 快乐；B. part 部分；C. care 关心；D. time 时间。结合语境，再根据上文“loving each of the 13 that share our small space.”以及下文“in knowing that, somewhere nearby”可推知，此处指作者免费赠送旧物，也从中获得了快乐。故选A。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. anticipating 期待；B. appreciating 欣赏；C. delivering 递送；D. withdrawing 撤回。根据上文“I take 13 in knowing that, somewhere nearby”以及下文“something that couldn’t come with us”可推知，此处指他人在欣赏这些作者带不走的，赠予的物品。故选B。
【全文参考翻译】
一个八月的下午，我坐在厨房里，凝视着一个自婚礼后就再没见过天日的玻璃花瓶。
我和丈夫刚卖掉我们的房子，正忙着清空我们家人用了23年才填满的心爱之家。我们已经为要搬去的城里公寓选好了关键物品，捐掉了能捐的东西，还租了个地方来存放我们自以为重要的物件。这样一来，房子里仍然塞满了那些虽然不算特别有价值、但也不该进入垃圾填埋场的东西。
我给花瓶拍了张照片，发到网上，标价10美元。来了几条消息，一条想要更多照片，另一条要求降价。随着我们搬家的日子临近，我定了一个新价格（0美元）并重新发布了它。描述写道：“我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。” 瞬间，一位女士冲进我家，开心地拿着花瓶离开了。
受到鼓舞，我发布了更多东西。我每天的发帖和收到的来访成了我混乱家中一束珍贵的光亮。每一次交易都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋场的机会，并让一个我可能根本不会遇到的人感到高兴。
如今我坐在公寓里，深爱着与我们共享这个小空间的每一件物品。我感到欣慰，因为知道在附近的某个地方，正有人珍爱着某件我们无法带走的东西。
综合训练
一、语块积累
1. 凝视，瞪着看 stare at
2. 忙着做某事 be busy doing
3. 填满，装满 fill up
关键物品，重要物品 key items
属于（某处） belong in
在网上发布 post online
7. 降价，砍价 a price cut
8. 来临，临近 draw near
9. 选择，选定，确定 settle on
10. 瞬间，立刻 in an instant
11. 一缕珍贵的阳光 a precious ray of light
12. 提供机会 provide a chance
13. 避免填埋、节约填埋空间 spare the landfill
14. 取悦他人 please another person
从…中获得快乐 take joy in
二、翻译句子
1、我坐在厨房里，凝视着一个自婚礼后就再没见过天日的玻璃花瓶。
I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight
since my wedding.
我们已经为要搬去的城里公寓选好了关键物品，捐掉了能捐的东西，还租了个地方来存放我们自以为重要的物件。
We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.
房子里仍然塞满了那些虽然不算特别有价值、但也不该进入垃圾填埋场的东西。
That left a house still stuffed with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill.
每一次交易都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋场的机会，并让一个我可能根本不会遇到的人感到高兴。
Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered.
5、我感到欣慰，因为知道在附近的某个地方，正有人珍爱着某件我们无法带走的东西。
I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is appreciating something that couldn’t come with us.
三、长难句分析&写作练习
1. 并列结构表达复杂决策
We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.
讲解：这个句子使用了经典的“A, B, and C”并列结构，清晰地叙述了搬家过程中所做的三件事，逻辑清晰，节奏感强。是写作中列举多项事实或行动的绝佳范例。
仿写要点：学习用并列结构叙述一连串的动作或决策。
仿写示例：为了准备新学期，我购买了所有必需的教科书，整理了上学期的笔记，并制定了未来几周的详细学习计划。
To prepare for the new semester, I have bought all the necessary textbooks, sorted out my notes from last term, and made a detailed study plan for the coming weeks.
现在分词作伴随状语
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the belongings that share our small space.
讲解：主句“I sit...”陈述一个事实，现在分词短语“loving...”则生动地描述了主语伴随的心境和状态，使句子层次丰富，情感细腻。
仿写要点：在描述主语状态时，可用现在分词短语补充其心理活动或伴随动作。
仿写示例：她站在舞台上，在明亮的灯光下既感到紧张又兴奋。
She stood on the stage, feeling both nervous and excited under the bright lights.
3. “while”引导的让步状语从句
That left a house still stuffed with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill.
讲解：“while”在此表示“尽管”，引导一个插入性的让步从句，使主句“didn't belong in a landfill”的语义更突出，体现了作者复杂的评判标准。
仿写要点：使用“while”引出一个对比或让步信息，使论述更全面、辩证。
仿写示例：这部电影虽然在商业上并不成功，却因其艺术价值而受到评论家的高度赞扬。
The movie, while not a commercial success, was highly praised by critics for its artistic value.
4. 抽象名词作主语，使表达更客观
Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person...
讲解：这个句子以“Each exchange”（每一次交易）这个抽象概念作为主语，使叙述的重点从“我”做了什么，转向了“交易”这一行为本身带来的双重好处，立意更高。
仿写要点：尝试用抽象名词或动名词作主语，提升句子的客观性和成熟度。
仿写示例：学习一门新语言打开了理解一种不同文化的大门。
Learning a new language opens a door to understanding a different culture.
5. “take joy in” 高级情感表达
I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is appreciating something that couldn’t come with us.
讲解：“take joy in” 是一个比 “I'm happy because...” 更正式、更优美的短语，后面接动名词“knowing”，并带有一个长长的宾语从句，完美表达了作者持久而深刻的满足感。
仿写要点：使用“take joy in / take pride in / find satisfaction in”等高级短语来表达情感。
仿写示例：这位老园丁看到自己种下的种子长成一个美丽的花园，感到无比自豪。
The old gardener took great pride in seeing the seeds he had planted grow into a beautiful garden.
6. 含蓄虚拟语气
Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered.
讲解：这个句子包含了一个非常高级的语法点——含蓄虚拟语气。副词otherwise（否则，要不然）隐含了一个虚拟的条件。完整的虚拟句应为： If I had not sold the item in this way, I might not have encountered this person. (如果我没有通过这种方式售卖物品，我可能就不会遇到这个人。)
原句的巧妙之处在于： 它用一个简单的otherwise替代了整个if条件句，使表达非常简洁、地道、有力。might not have encountered 是虚拟语气主句的结构，表示“对过去发生情况的可能性的推测”，这种用法在完形填空和阅读理解中都是高频考点。 鼓励学生在写作中尝试使用这种简洁的含蓄虚拟语气，来替代冗长的if从句，让句子更显老练。
仿写示例：她帮助了我很多。没有她的支持，我是不可能完成这个项目的。
She helped me a lot. Without her support, I could not have finished this project.
四、改编成语法填空
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase. It 1 (not see) daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 2 (empty) out our home. We had lived there for 23 years and collected many things. We chose some items for our new apartment, donated 3 we could, and rented a place to store important objects. That left our house still stuffed with many things that , while not 4
(particular) valuable, didn’t belong 5 a landfill.
I took a photo of the vase and posted it online for $10. Soon, I received some messages. One person wanted more 6 (photo). Another asked for a lower price. As moving day got closer, I made it free and reposted it. The 7 (describe) : "I don't like this vase. Maybe you will." A woman came immediately and happily took it.
8 (encourage) by this, I posted more. These exchanges became a bright ray in my 9 (chaos) life. Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered..
Now I live in my new apartment, loving all he things that stayed with me. It brings me joy to know that somewhere nearby, someone 10 (appreciate) something that once belonged to me.
参考答案
1. hadn't seen
2. emptying
3. what
4. particularly
5. in
6. photos
7. description
8. Encouraged
9. chaotic
10.is appreciating

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