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课时提升作业(四)
Ⅰ．1．optimistic　2．symbol　3．disciplined　4．career　5．furniture
Ⅱ．1．hunger　2．appreciation　3．injured　4．committed　5．determination
Ⅲ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B D D B D D C
Ⅳ．
1 2 3 4 5
D B E G C
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了人类可以享受更好的生活而作出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据Maximilian Bircher-Benner部分最后两句“尽管他受到了科学界的质疑，但他的健康饮食理念得到了普及，并帮助创造了一种由加工面包、肉类和碳水化合物组成的饮食。随着越来越多的科学研究表明这种饮食对健康有好处，他所建立的健康饮食趋势继续受到欢迎。”可知，Bircher-Benner的贡献在于他树立了健康饮食的风尚。故选B。]
2．D　[细节理解题。根据Peter Mansfield部分中第一句“英国物理学家在彼得·劳特伯的帮助下开发了磁共振成像(MRI)，使医生不需切开病人身体就能看到病人体内的情况。”可知，是Peter Mansfield发明了MRI。故选D。]
3．D　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文章介绍的是为了人类可以享受更好的生活而作出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物，故这四个人物的共同之处在于他们为了人类可以享受更好的生活而作出了杰出贡献。故选D。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Lucy Hobbs上大学后决定在护理专业之外学习西班牙语并参与各种研究实践活动，以实现未来服务好病人的愿望。
4．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Once she was on campus，she realised she could make an even greater impact on her future patients by adding a second major in Spanish．”可知，上大学后Hobbs决定在专业之外学习更多的知识。故选B。]
5．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I chose to add a major in Spanish because I love learning about other cultures，and I want to do something for those easily ignored populations in my nursing career．”可知，Hobbs学习西班牙语专业是想要为那些容易被忽视的人提供护理服务。故选D。]
6．D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In addition to her research，studying abroad was also helpful．”，第五段中的“While she found many opportunities within her majors，Hobbs also had meaningful experiences on campus that were outside of nursing and Spanish．”及最后一段中的“All these experiences also helped to shape how I think about the future．”可知，除了学习之外，获得不同的经历有助于Hobbs实现她的目标。故选D。]
7．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Once she was on campus，she realised she could make an even greater impact on her future patients by adding a second major in Spanish．”及第三段中的“In addition to her nursing and Spanish curriculums，Hobbs found multiple interesting ways to bring her majors together，including things like research and studying abroad．”可知，Hobbs是个非常勤奋、努力的人。故选C。]
Ⅳ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了卢克·霍华德对气象学作出的贡献。
1．D　[根据下文“相反，他很容易被透过窗户看到的云分散注意力”可知，选项承接下文与下文话题一致，说的都是他不能集中注意力的事情。故D选项“他在学校时不能集中注意力”切题。故选D。]
2．B　[根据上文“他的职业生涯开始是做一名药剂师，为人们生产和分发药品”及下文“他不久就成了一名业余气象学家”可知，选项与上文为转折关系且引起下文，说明他真正热爱的是气象学。故B选项“但他真正热爱的是气象学”切题。meteorology呼应meteorologist。故选B。]
3．E　[根据上文“为了进行观察，霍华德画了云在天空中移动和变化的草图”可知，选项承接上文说明他画草图的作用是什么。故E选项“这帮助他认识到我们今天所知道的云的形状”切题。故选E。]
4．G　[根据上文，“霍华德虽然认为云的形状时刻在变化，但在天上有三种最基本的形状，他给它们用拉丁文命名”及下文“第二个是‘积云’，意思是堆”可知，选项与上文是总分关系，与下文为并列关系，说明的是第一种类型的云。故G选项“第一种叫作‘卷云’，在拉丁语中是卷须或毛发的意思”切题。故选G。]
5．C　[根据上文“霍华德的研究发表后，气象学领域继续发展。科学家们现在对世界各地的天气模式有了更深入的了解”可知，选项承接上文说明科学家们现在对世界各地的天气模式有了更深入的了解的原因。故C选项“但这一切都是从霍华德的工作开始的”切题。故选C。]
1 / 3课时提升作业(四)　(UNIT 2　Section Ⅰ　TOPIC
TALK & LESSON 1)
(总分：45分)
Ⅰ．单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．She's not very __________ (乐观的) about the outcome of the talks．
2．White has always been a ______ (象征) of purity in Western cultures．
3．A correct way in organising a class makes students ___________ (遵守纪律的)．
4．She started her ______ (职业) as an English teacher．
5．How can we make room for all the _________ (家具)
Ⅱ．单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．Once the food runs out，the country will again face ______ (hungry) and starvation．
2．Please accept this gift in ____________ (appreciate)of all you've done for us．
3．An ambulance took the _______ (injure) person to a nearby hospital．
4．He was a man who abhorred violence and was deeply _________ (commit) to reconciliation．
5．Everyone admires her strength of character and _____________ (determine)．
Ⅲ．阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
A
Throughout human history，there is a bottomless well of people who made great contributions so that we can now enjoy a better life．The following are just four of those great minds．
Joseph Lister (1827－1912)
English surgeon (外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic (抗菌剂) and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery．For this，he is often referred to as the father of modern surgery as his use of antiseptic greatly increased the kinds of operations that could be carried out．
Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867－1939)
Bircher-Benner was a pioneering Swiss physician and nutritionist．He advocated the eating of raw fruit and vegetables and discouraged eating meat and heavily processed foods．Although he was questioned by the scientific establishment，his healthy eating ideas took off and helped create a diet of processed bread，meat and carbs (碳水化合物)．The healthy eating trends he established have continued to grow in popularity with more scientific research showing the health benefits of such a diet．
Paracelsus (1493－1541)
Swiss-German physician and leading health reformer Paracelsus founded the discipline of toxicology (毒理学)and pioneered the use of chemicals in treating patients．He emphasized practical experience．He was also one of the first doctors to note illness can be psychological in nature．
Peter Mansfield (1933－2017)
English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which gets doctors to see inside a patient's body without needing to cut it open．With MRI，doctors can see far more than with X-ray，which is limited to bones．He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2003．
1．What is Maximilian Bircher-Benner's contribution
A．He discovered X-ray．
B．He set up a healthy eating trend．
C．He improved survival rates of operation．
D．He did experiments with chemicals to treat diseases．
2．Who invented MRI to give doctors more information of a patient's body
A．Joseph Lister．
B．Maximilian Bircher-Benner．
C．Paracelsus．
D．Peter Mansfield．
3．What do the four people have in common
A．They all received Nobel Prize．
B．They were all born in Switzerland．
C．They all made contributions to treating patients．
D．They all helped to make people live a better life．
B
Lucy Hobbs came to the University of Wisconsin already knowing she wanted to study nursing so she could make a positive difference in the lives of others．Once she was on campus，she realised she could make an even greater impact on her future patients by adding a second major in Spanish．
“I was drawn to nursing because I want a career that will be fulfilling and will help me serve others，” says Hobbs．“I chose to add a major in Spanish because I love learning about other cultures，and I want to do something for those easily ignored populations in my nursing career．”
In addition to her nursing and Spanish curriculums，Hobbs found multiple interesting ways to bring her majors together，including things like research and studying abroad．Hobbs was part of a research project that is documenting the experiences of Spanish-speaking populations in western Wisconsin．The research team included students and teachers in language，history and nursing．
In addition to her research，studying abroad was also helpful．She spent part of the spring 2020 semester studying in Costa Rica．“This was my first time outside of the US and I learned so much about Costa Rican culture，” Hobbs says．
While she found many opportunities within her majors，Hobbs also had meaningful experiences on campus that were outside of nursing and Spanish．For example，she worked as a resident assistant in the dorms and is a member of the University Honors Program．
“All these experiences helped me to enhance my time on campus by giving me opportunities to meet amazing and inspiring individuals who I believe will remain lifetime friends．”
Hobbs says，“All these experiences also helped to shape how I think about the future．” After she graduates in May，Hobbs will begin her nursing career working in the emergency room at UW Health's University Hospital in Madison．
4．What did Hobbs do after she entered university
A．She realised her interest in nursing．
B．She decided to learn more besides her major．
C．She made a difference in others' lives．
D．She influenced her future patients greatly．
5．Why did Hobbs add a major in Spanish
A．To help others with their Spanish．
B．To do research in various cultures．
C．To receive further education in Spain．
D．To provide nursing care for less focused people．
6．What is helpful in Hobbs's achieving her goals
A．Going abroad to change her life．
B．Beginning her nursing career early．
C．Developing as many hobbies as she could．
D．Getting different experiences besides her study．
7．Which of the following best describes Hobbs
A．Humorous．　　　　　 B．Intelligent．
C．Hard-working． D．Generous．
Ⅳ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Born in London on 28 November 1772，Luke Howard was interested in the weather from an early age． 1 He was instead easily distracted (分心) by the clouds he could see through the window．He started his career as a pharmacist，producing and sending out medicines for people． 2 He soon became an amateur meteorologist (业余气象学者)．
In 1802，Howard presented his research in a lecture to the Askesian Society，a club for people who were interested in science．At this point，meteorology hadn't progressed as much as other sciences，because it was difficult to take observations when the weather was always changing．To take his observations，Howard did sketches (草图) of the clouds as they moved and changed in the sky． 3
Howard suggested that although the shapes of clouds were changing，there were three basic types of clouds in the sky，to which he gave Latin names． 4 The second was “cumulus”，meaning heap (一堆) or pile．And the third was “stratus”，meaning layer or sheet．He also introduced four other cloud types to recognize the changing clouds when they are joining together or breaking apart．In 1803，he published his research in a paper called “On the Modifications of Clouds”．
After the publication of Howard's research，the field of meteorology continued to develop．Scientists now have a much greater understanding of weather patterns (模式) all around the world． 5 Professor Liz Bentley，Chief Executive of the Royal Meteorological Society，said，“His scientific work helped us understand our climate．”
A．There are now 10 types of clouds．
B．But his true passion was meteorology．
C．But it was Howard's work that started it all．
D．He couldn't stay focused when he was at school．
E．This helped him to recognize the forms we know today．
F．Howard's findings also inspired the artist John Constable．
G．The first was called “cirrus”，which means tendril or hair in Latin．
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