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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语上册单元复习考点培优沪教版（2024）Unit 1 Look it up!
专题10 阅读理解
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
Albert Einstein (1879—1955)
Early Life
Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. He had been an extraordinary person since he was born. He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.
Schooling
Einstein started school in 1885. He did well in Maths and Science. Einstein finished grammar school in Germany and entered a university. He graduated (大学毕业) with the subject teacher diploma for Maths and Physics in 1900.
Scientific Work
After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still worked hard on scientific research. Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921.
Later Life
Einstein kept doing his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However, there was no answer.
Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world.
1．Where can you probably find this passage
A．In an encyclopaedia. B．In an advertisement (广告).
C．In a travel guide. D．In a dictionary.
2．From the passage, we can learn that Albert Einstein ________.
A．was not good at asking questions B．did well in all his schoolwork
C．worked as a doctor after he graduated D．had great achievements in Physics
3．What does the underlined word “extraordinary” mean in Chinese
A．幽默的 B．笨拙的 C．非凡的 D．普通的
4．Which of the following shows the order of Einstein’s experience
a. Albert Einstein asked a lot of questions about things.
b. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics.
c. Albert Einstein started his school life in Germany.
d. Albert Einstein became a top scientist in the world.
e. Albert Einstein got a job at the Swiss Patent Office.
A．a-c-b-e-d B．a-c-e-d-b C．c-a-b-e-d D．c-a-e-d-b
5．What can we know from the last two paragraphs
A．Nobody could be smarter than Albert Einstein.
B．Scientists found out why Albert Einstein was so smart.
C．Scientists showed great interest in Albert Einstein’s brain.
D．Albert Einstein couldn’t keep on working in his later life.
An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn.
The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”.
The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together.
However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common.
Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown.
6．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia
A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries.
C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning.
7．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones
A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin.
C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects.
8．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese
A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题
9．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
(①Modern features ②Definition ③Value ④Past features ⑤History)
A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③
C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③
10．Where is the passage probably taken from
A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books.
C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools.
Encyclopaedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopaedias, such as the encyclopaedia of science, and the encyclopaedia of music. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from
a
Philippe Bizot is a famous mime master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people full of imagination. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情).
b
Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and sea otters (海獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants.
11．When did Bizot start to learn mime
A．In 1975. B．In 1985. C．In 1987. D．In 1997.
12．What does the underlined word “gestures” probably mean in Chinese
A．语言 B．姿势 C．感受 D．态度
13．Which of the following is a fish
A．The dolphin. B．The whale. C．The seal. D．The shark.
Ants have the ability to smell out cancerous cells (癌细胞) in humans, which has been found by a study, suggesting that they could be used to find the cancer in the future. Scientists from The French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) found that some ants have a good sense of smell. “But more tests must be carried out before they could be used in hospitals,” the team said.
The scientists did tests with 36 ants, smelling cells in the lab. First, they let the ants smell some cancerous human cells. Every time the ants smelt cancerous cells, they were rewarded with sugar solution (糖溶液). In the second step, the ants were put into two different smells. One was a new smell of healthy cells and the other was still the smell of the cancerous cells. Once the ants found the cancerous cells successfully, the researchers made them smell different cancerous cells. As such, the scientists found that ants could tell between cancerous and healthy cells and between two cancerous cells.
This isn’t the first time that scientists have used the animals’ sense of smell to find cancerous cells. “Dogs are good at finding something with their noses. However, training dogs to do so needs several months or a year. On the other hand, ants can be easily raised in a short time. They are inexpensive, and hundreds of them can be trained with fewer times,” scientists pointed out.
“This study shows that ants are able to learn very quickly. The way can be used for other tasks including finding danger or other illnesses,” scientists added.
14．What can we know from CNRS’s study
A．Ants help humans keep off cancer. B．Dogs are used to find people with cancer.
C．Ants are able to smell out cancerous cells. D．Ants work better than dogs to find cancer.
15．Why are the ants better than dogs in the tests
①They are cheaper. ②They are easier to be raised.
③They are better at finding things. ④They can be trained more quickly.
⑤They have a sharper sense of smell.
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③⑤
16．What’s the writing purpose (目的) of the text
A．To introduce ants that will be more useful than we imagine.
B．To teach people to protect ants from now on.
C．To show ants and dogs are both humans’ friends.
D．To explain why ants are more important than dogs.
Dictionaries are very important tools for students. When you encounter a new word, you can look it up in a dictionary to find its pronunciation, definition, and usage. There are different types of dictionaries, such as English-Chinese dictionaries and Chinese-English dictionaries. Online dictionaries are also very popular now. They are convenient and provide more examples. In addition to dictionaries, there are other reference books like encyclopedias and thesauruses. Encyclopedias can give you detailed knowledge about various topics, and thesauruses can help you find synonyms for words. Using these reference books can improve your study efficiency.
17．What can dictionaries help us find
A．Pronunciation, definition, and usage of words. B．Only pronunciation.
C．Only definition. D．Only usage.
18．What types of dictionaries are mentioned
A．English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries. B．Only English-Chinese dictionaries.
C．Only Chinese-English dictionaries. D．None of the above.
19．Why are online dictionaries popular
A．Because they are slow. B．Because they are convenient and provide more examples.
C．Because they are hard to use. D．Because they are boring.
20．What can encyclopedias do
A．Help find synonyms. B．Give detailed knowledge about various topics.
C．Only provide pictures. D．None of the above.
21．How can using reference books help students
A．By reducing study efficiency. B．By improving study efficiency.
C．By making study more difficult. D．By wasting time.
When I study English, I often use different reference books. First, I use an English - Chinese dictionary to look up new words. It helps me understand the meanings and how to use them. Sometimes, I use a thesaurus to find better words for my writing. This makes my articles more precise. I also like to use encyclopedias to learn about different topics, such as history and science. They provide a lot of detailed information. In addition, I use online dictionaries when I’m in a hurry. They are very convenient. By using these reference books, I have improved my English learning a lot.
22．What does the writer use to look up new words
A．An English - Chinese dictionary. B．A Chinese - English dictionary.
C．A thesaurus. D．An encyclopedia.
23．Why does the writer use a thesaurus
A．To find new words. B．To find synonyms and make articles more precise.
C．To learn about history. D．To waste time.
24．What does the writer use encyclopedias for
A．To look up new words. B．To find synonyms.
C．To learn about different topics. D．To play games.
25．When does the writer use online dictionaries
A．When studying history. B．When in a hurry.
C．When writing articles. D．When reading stories.
26．How has using reference books helped the writer
A．By making English learning more difficult. B．By improving English learning a lot.
C．By wasting time. D．By reducing study efficiency.
Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 27 He is also known as “the King of the Rocket.” Thanks to his research, China’s space technology has progressed in a rapid way.
Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. 28 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955.
29 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. 30 On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air.
A student of Qian Xuesen, Zhu Yilin, once said, “I learned professional knowledge and working spirit from Mr. Qian. 31 When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.”
根据短文内容，将下面的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。
A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too.
B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China
C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study.
D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely.
E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.”
F．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization.
How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different ways of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows (流动) from one bottle to another. When the water reaches a certain level, it shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, spring (发条) were added around 1500. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock. People began depending on them more and more to run business, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second.
There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not being late for school or work.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
32．According to the passage, we can’t use the ________ to tell the time on a rainy day.
A．water clock B．sun clock
C．digital clock D．mechanical clock
33．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “ordinary” in the third paragraph
A．modern B．special C．rich D．common
34．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.
35．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage
（①—paragraph 1, ②—paragraph 2, …）
A．B．C． D．
36．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The importance of time. B．The development of timekeeping.
C．The inventions of clocks. D．The history of a digital clock.
The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City. It lies in the heart of Beijing. The Palace Museum was the imperial(皇帝的) palaces during the Ming and Qing dynasties(朝代). It has a history of more than 500 years.
The Palace Museum is the world’s largest palace museum. It is more than 720,000 square meters in size. It is 961 meters long and 760 meters wide, with about 9,000 houses. In 1406, Chinese people began to build it. The construction was finally finished in 1420.
In 1925, the Forbidden City was changed into museum. And it is also the largest museum in China. It has a collection of one million valuable artworks, and most of them belonged to the imperial families of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The museum is open to the public nowadays. Today, many visitors from all over the world come to visit the Palace Museum.
37．What is another name of the Palace Museum
A．The Summer Palace. B．The Forbidden City.
C．The Great Wall. D．Tian’anmen Square.
38．When did people start to build the Forbidden City
A．In 1407. B．In 1406. C．in 1420. D．In 1925.
39．How long did it take to complete the construction of the Forbidden City
A．40 years. B．14 years. C．16 years. D．41 years.
40．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．The Forbidden City was the imperial palaces in every dynasty in China.
B．The Forbidden City was the largest palace museum in the world.
C．The Forbidden City covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters.
D．The Forbidden City was changed into a museum in 1925.
41．This passage most probably comes from ________.
A．a dictionary B．a notebook C．an encyclopaedia D．a storybook
配对阅读左栏是五个人希望了解的人物的信息，右栏是对七位名人的介绍，请为左栏的每个人选择一个最符合他们要求的介绍，并将其字母编号写在答题卡相应的位置上。其中两项是多余的。
42 Next term Jim will go to America to study. His favourite American writer is Mark Twain. He wants to know how his great books were written. 43 Tom likes playing basketball very much and he plays it very well. He is also a fan of NBA．He wants to know some famous basketball players in the history of NBA． 44 Lily is a lover of light music. She always listens to it. She thinks light music can make her relax. Her favourite musician is Mozart. She wants to know more information about him. 45 Tony has a great interest in space science. He is going to be an astronaut when he grows up. He wants to know some information about the astronauts who have walked on the moon. 46 Lucy shows an interest in American history. She knows there were many great people in American history. She wants to know about some American inventors best, because she thinks some of their inventions have changed the world. A．Mark Twain is one of the greatest American writers. His books are about American places, everyday language that Americans speak, memorable American characters. Most of all, they are full of humour (幽默). B．Mozart was born in 1756. He wrote much music. He was only 35 when he died, yet he composed (创作) more than 600 pieces of music. Many music lovers consider him as one of the greatest musicians in the world. C． Louis Armstrong was a US jazz trumpeter (小号手) and singer. In 1922, he joined King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band. In the following years he began recording under his own name. He became someone more than a jazz musician and he was an international star. D．American inventor Thomas Edison changed the way that people lived when he invented the first practical light bulb in the late 1800s. The light bulb was just one of his many inventions. E. Donald John Trump was born in New York City on 14th June, 1946. He was an American businessman and the 45th president of the United States. He is one of the richest people in the world. F. Abdul Jabbar is a US basketball player. He helped his teams to get for six NBA titles. By the time he retired in 1989, he had created a record of scoring 38, 387. He was chosen as Most Valuable Player for six times. G. Neil Armstrong was a US astronaut. He became a pilot at the age of 16. He joined the space programme in 1962 with the second group of astronauts. On 20th July, 1969, he took the Apollo 11 into the space and became the first person to step onto the moon.
Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1, 200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new.
Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started experimenting at a young age.
When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy(报童) on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time in experimenting his first patent (专利) in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity.
Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing(祝福) in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.
Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.
47．How often did Edison make a new invention
A．About every fourteen days. B．About every seven days.
C．About once a week. D．About twice a week.
48．What does the underlined word “fired” mean in this passage
A．Gave somebody a job. B．Set fire to somebody.
C．Let somebody down. D．Forced somebody to leave his job.
49．Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage
A．Edison had only 8 hours rest each day because of work.
B．Edison got his education mostly by self-teaching.
C．Edison had his first job in 1869.
D．Edison’s inventions greatly improved the quality of people’s life.
50．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The function of the electric light. B．Edison and his experiments.
C．The importance of inventions. D．The whole life of Edison.
51．What can we infer from the passage
A．Edison was lazy when he was young.
B．Edison was poor so he needed to work on a train.
C．He had little difficulties in experimenting.
D．Edison was very hard-working.
People call Mary’s grandmother a “walking encyclopaedia”. She could probably write an encyclopaedia without the help of anyone else! She is knowledgeable. When she takes part in quizzes, she always wins. She knows the answers to all the questions and always gets them right. “How do you know so many things ” Mary asked.
“First, I never forget anything I read or hear. All the knowledge I get from books or TV programmes. It is kept inside my head. I like reading life stories best, so I know a lot about many famous people. Second, I have had a long and interesting life. I have done many different things. When I left school, I became a nurse and learnt a lot about health and medicine. Then I married your grandfather. He was a naturalist (博物学家) and studied plants and animals. His job took us to many different parts of the world, and I learnt about many countries and their wildlife. Then my sons—your father and his two brothers—were born. They grew up and liked all kinds of sports, so I learnt the rules of many sports from them.”
52．Mary’s grandmother is called a “walking encyclopaedia” because ________.
A．she often joins in quizzes B．she knows so much
C．she never does anything wrong D．she can write an encyclopaedia herself
53．Mary’s grandmother got the knowledge from the following EXCEPT ________.
A．books B．TV programmes C．her sons D．famous people
54．There are ________ reasons for grandma’s rich knowledge.
A．one B．two C．three D．four
55．Which sentence can best describe the article
A．Never too late to learn. B．Health is better than wealth.
C．A good medicine tastes bitter. D．Failure is the mother of success.
School holiday activities at the library
Cartooning with Eva LeungTuesday, 7 June, 9 a.m.~ 11 a.m. $3.00 to cover the cost of art paper and pencils Children from 5 to 8 years old. Cartooning with Eva LeungWednesday, 8 June, 9 a.m.~ 11 a.m. $3.00 to cover the cost of art paper and pencils Children from 9 to 10 years old.
Kite-makingWednesday, 8 June, 2 a.m.~ 4 p.m. $3.00 to cover the cost of paper, string and other materials Children from 5 to 10 years old. Kite-makingThursday 9 June, 2 a.m.~ 4 p.m. $3.00 to cover the cost of paper, string and other materials Children from 9 to 12 years old.
56．Lily is 10 years old. She and her 6-year-old brother want to take part in the kite-making activity. How much will it cost
A．$3. B．$6. C．$9. D．$12.
57．Who is this poster for
A．Doctors. B．Teachers. C．Writers. D．Children.
58．When will there be two different activities
A．On Monday. B．On Tuesday. C．On Wednesday. D．On Thursday.
59．Why are there two cartooning classes on the programme
A．Because the classes are for different age groups.
B．Because more time is needed to learn cartooning.
C．Because there is a strict limit on numbers for each class.
D．Because some children might want to have the classes twice a week.
60．Where can we see the above information
A．In a travel guide. B．In a school newspaper.
C．In a storybook. D．In an animal magazine.
Encyclopedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopedias, such as encyclopedia of science, encyclopaedia of music and so on. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from
Philippe Bizot is a famous Mime Master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情).
Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters (水獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants.
61．What does the under lined words “gestures” probably mean in Chinese
A．语言 B．手势 C．感受 D．态度
62．The second article probably comes from the encyclopaedia of ________ .
A．plants B．fish C．animals D．nature
63．Which of the following is a fish
A．The dolphin. B．The whale. C．The seal. D．The shark.
64．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Encyclopedias can give facts about science and music.
B．Bizot didn’t say any words when he was giving a show.
C．The fish swims in the water but can’t breathe in the water.
D．Seals and otters eat smaller fish and sea plants.
One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations (适应性）was Charles Darwin. He was born in England in 1809. He wasn’t the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors discovering nature more than attending medical classes. He left the school without graduation (毕业).
Next, Charles’s father sent him to school to become a minister (牧师). This time he made it to graduation. But he didn’t want to do the work-of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science.
After graduation, Charles was invited to sail on the ship Beagle as a scientist without any money.
The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their work was to make maps of the places they visited.
On December 27th, 1831 Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five years. During the time, he saw many amazing man named Wallace. In the paper Darwin talked about how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still important to the study of living things.
65．What was Darwin’s work on the Beagle
A．Writing scientific papers. B．Making maps.
C．Collecting plants and animals. D．Studying animals.
66．Where did Darwin start his travel
A．From South America. B．From America. C．From England. D．From North America.
67．What can we learn from the passage
A．Darwin’s father didn’t want him to become a minister.
B．After finishing school Darwin worked as a scientist to make money.
C．Darwin published an important scientific paper by himself.
D．Darwin spent five years travelling to many places by ship.
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参考答案及试题解析
1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的生平。
1．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平，可能在百科全书中出现。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921.”可知，爱因斯坦在物理方面有很大的成就。故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据“He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.”可知，爱因斯坦总是对周围的事情感兴趣，并且充满了想象力。他喜欢认真地观看事物并且问许多有关的问题。他的问题对于老师来说经常很难回答。由此可知，爱因斯坦是一个不同寻常的人，因此画线单词的意思是“非凡的”。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them.”，“Einstein started school in 1885.”，“After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office.”，“By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist.”和“Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921.”可知，正确的顺序是a-c-e-d-b。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据“Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it.”可知，科学家们对爱因斯坦的大脑很感兴趣。故选C。
6．D 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了百科全书的历史、定义、现代特征及其价值。
6．细节理解题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book… to help people learn.”可知，百科全书的主要目的是总结人类知识以供学习。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据“They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，与现代百科全书相比，早期版本常缺少插图。故选C。
8．词句猜测题。根据“an index to help find information”可知，“index”的功能帮助查找信息，所以index意为“索引”。故选A。
9．篇章结构题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books.”可知，第一段介绍百科全书的定义，②排第一；根据“The word ‘encyclopaedia’ comes from ancient Greek words meaning ‘all-round education’.”可知，第二段介绍百科全书的历史，⑤排第二；根据“Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information.”可知，第三段介绍现代百科全书的特征，①排第三；根据“However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，第四段介绍过去百科全书的特征，④排第四；根据“Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times.”可知，最后一段介绍百科全书的价值，③排第五。故选A。
10．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了百科全书的相关内容，包括其历史、定义、特征及其价值，所以文章有可能出自一本关于知识工具的教育杂志。故选D。
11．A 12．B 13．D
【导语】本文介绍了百科全书能提供不同类型的信息和知识，并给出了两篇来自百科全书的文章。
11．推理判断题。根据“He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old.”可知，Bizot出生于1967年，在8岁的时候就开始学习哑剧，1967+8=1975，也就是1975年开始学习哑剧。故选A。
12．词句猜测题。根据“Philippe Bizot is a famous mime master (哑剧大师) from France.”和“Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people full of imagination. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情).”可知，此处介绍他所使用的肢体语言，所以推测“gestures”应是“手势”的意思。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据“For example, the whale is not a fish...There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin...Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and sea otters (海獭) love the sea.”可知，海豚、鲸鱼、海豹是动物，不是鱼。由此可知，鲨鱼是鱼。故选D。
14．C 15．B 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一项研究发现——蚂蚁能够通过嗅觉识别癌细胞，未来可能用于癌症检测。
14．细节理解题。根据“Ants have the ability to smell out cancerous cells (癌细胞) in humans, which has been found by a study, suggesting that they could be used to find the cancer in the future.”可知，研究发现，蚂蚁具有嗅出人体癌细胞的能力，即蚂蚁能够嗅出癌细胞。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据“On the other hand, ants can be easily raised in a short time. They are inexpensive, and hundreds of them can be trained with fewer times,”可知，蚂蚁可以在短时间内轻松饲养，价格低廉，用更少的次数就可以训练出数百只。所以与狗相比，蚂蚁更容易喂养，很便宜且能被更快地训练。故选B。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了法国国家科学研究中心的研究人员发现蚂蚁的嗅觉很灵敏。只需通过短时间的训练，蚂蚁就能识别出人体的癌细胞，甚至还能区分不同的癌细胞，未来或可被大量地应用于临床诊断。所以作者的目的是介绍蚂蚁会比想象的更有用。故选A。
17．A 18．A 19．B 20．B 21．B
【导语】本文介绍了几种参考书，以及这些参考书的用途。
17．细节理解题。根据“When you encounter a new word, you can look it up in a dictionary to find its pronunciation, definition, and usage.”可知，字典可以帮助我们找到单词的发音、定义和用法。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据“There are different types of dictionaries, such as English-Chinese dictionaries and Chinese-English dictionaries.”可知，文中提到的词典有英汉词典和汉英词典，故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据“Online dictionaries are also very popular now. They are convenient and provide more examples.”可知，在线词典现在也很流行，因为它们很方便，并提供了更多的例子。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据“Encyclopedias can give you detailed knowledge about various topics, and thesauruses can help you find synonyms for words.”可知，百科全书可以给你关于不同主题的详细知识。故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据“Using these reference books can improve your study efficiency.”可知，使用参考书帮助学生提高学习效率。故选B。
22．A 23．B 24．C 25．B 26．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者学习英语时，经常使用的不同的参考书。
22．细节理解题。根据“First, I use an English - Chinese dictionary to look up new words.”可知，作者用英汉词典查生词。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据“Sometimes, I use a thesaurus to find better words for my writing. This makes my articles more precise.”可知，有时，作者会使用同义词库为写作找到更好的单词。这使作者的文章更加精确。所以B选项“查找同义词，使文章更精确。”符合题意。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据“I also like to use encyclopedias to learn about different topics, such as history and science. They provide a lot of detailed information.”可知，作者也喜欢用百科全书来学习不同的主题。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据“In addition, I use online dictionaries when I’m in a hurry.”可知，赶时间的时候，作者会使用在线词典。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据“By using these reference books, I have improved my English learning a lot.”可知，通过使用这些参考书，作者的英语学习有了很大的提高。故选B。
27．E 28．C 29．F 30．D 31．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了“中国航天之父”、“火箭之王”钱学森。他在美国学成后，怀着一颗伟大的爱国心回到祖国，为新中国的建设做出巨大贡献。
27．根据“He is also known as ‘the King of the Rocket.’”可知，此处介绍人们对钱学森先生的尊称。故选项E“他被誉为‘中国航天之父’。”符合语境。故选E。
28．根据“After graduation, he worked in America for a few years.”可知，此处介绍钱学森的求学经历。故选项C“24岁时，他去了美国学习。”符合语境。故选C。
29．根据“Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel.”可知，此处提到了一个组织。故选项F“1956年，钱学森建议成立一个专门的组织。”符合语境。故选F。
30．根据“At that time, the conditions in China were too hard. … On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite”可知，当时中国的条件很艰苦，但是钱学森克服艰苦，最终成功研制中国第一颗人造卫星。故选项D“但是钱和他的团队仍然勇敢地面对困难。”符合语境。故选D。
31．根据“When New China needed scientists badly, he returned to help in the rocket industry.”可知，当新中国急需科学家时，钱学森放弃美国优渥的生活毅然决然回国，这这表现了他对祖国深沉的爱。故选项A“我也感觉到了他对我们国家深深的爱。”符合语境。故选A。
32．B 33．D 34．C 35．A 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类历史上计时工具的发展，从古埃及的太阳钟和水钟，到机械钟、石英钟，再到现代的数字钟和卫星时间同步，强调了时间测量技术的进步以及它对人类生活的影响。
32．细节理解题。根据“On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.”可知，在阴天或晚上，不可能用太阳钟或日晷来报时。由于雨天通常也是阴天，因此日晷在雨天也无法使用。故选B。
33．词句猜测题。根据“Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock.”可知，钟表制造变得便宜了，普通人拥有一块钟表也便宜了。因此，“ordinary”在这里的意思是“普通的”。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据“About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock.”，“ The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago.”，“In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. ”，“In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed.”，“More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. ”可知大约5500年前，埃及人发明了太阳钟；埃及人在3500年前制造了日晷；水钟是第一个不使用太阳的钟；在13世纪，机械钟被发明；1927年，第一个石英钟被发明；1956年，出现了数字钟。总共六种钟。故选C。
35．篇章结构题。根据文章内容，文章第一段介绍了我们如何知道时间，第二段和第三段介绍了古代人们计时的方法现代计时工具的发展，第四段总结了计时技术的进步和一些不变的事情。因此，文章的结构是①—②③—④。选项A中的结构与此相符。故选A。
36．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change.”可知，文章主要讲述了计时技术的进步和变化。故选B。
37．B 38．B 39．B 40．A 41．C
【导语】本文简单介绍了北京的故宫博物馆。
37．细节理解题。根据“The Palace Museum is also called the Forbidden City.”可知，故宫博物院也被称为紫禁城。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据“In 1406, Chinese people began to build it.”可知，1406年，人们开始建造它。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据“In 1406, Chinese people began to build it. The construction was finally finished in 1420.”可知，1406年开始建造，1420年建成，共用了14年的时间。故选B。
40．推理判断题。根据“The Palace Museum was the imperial(皇帝的) palaces during the Ming and Qing dynasties(朝代).”可知，故宫博物院是明清两个朝代的皇宫，不是中国每个朝代的皇宫，A错误。故选A。
41．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文简单介绍了北京的故宫博物馆，例举了一些基本知识，最可能出自一本百科全书。故选C。
42．A 43．F 44．B 45．G 46．D
【导语】本文五个人希望了解的人物的信息，文章给出了七位名人的介绍，将他们进行匹配。
42．根据“His favourite American writer is Mark Twain.”可知，他最喜欢马克吐温。A选项中“Mark Twain is one of the greatest American writers.”马克吐温是美国最伟大的作家之一与之对应。故选A。
43．根据“Tom likes playing basketball very much”可知，汤姆喜欢打篮球。F选项中“Abdul Jabbar is a US basketball player.”Abdul Jabbar是美国篮球运动员与之对应。故选F。
44．根据“Lily is a lover of light music.”可知，Lily是一个轻音乐爱好者。B选项中“莫扎特出生于1756年。他写了许多音乐。许多音乐爱好者把他看做是世界上最伟大的音乐家之一。”与之对应。故选B。
45．根据“Tony has a great interest in space science.”可知，Tony对太空科技感兴趣。G选项中“阿姆斯特朗四一位美国宇航员。他于1962年加入太空项目，是世界第一维度登上月球的人。”与之对应，故选G。
46．根据“Lucy shows...American inventors best,”可知，露西对美国历史感兴趣，她最想了解美国的发明家。D选项中“美国科学家爱迪生改变了人们生活的方式，当他在19世纪末发明了第一个可使用的灯泡。”与之对应。故选D。
47．A 48．D 49．C 50．D 51．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了爱迪生的一生。
47．细节理解题。根据“About every two weeks he created something new.”可知爱迪生每两周就会创造一些新的东西。故选A。
48．词义猜测题。根据“Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well.”（不幸的是，他的第一次工作经历并不顺利。）以及“when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train.”（他不小心把火车的地板点着了。）可知爱迪生被解雇了，故选D。
49．细节理解题。根据“Thomas Edison was born in 1847.”（托马斯·爱迪生生于1847年）以及“When he was 12 years old, he got his first job.”（12岁时，他得到了第一份工作。）可知爱迪生是在1847+12=1859年得到第一份工作，故选C。
50．主旨大意题。根据“Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. ”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了爱迪生的一生，故选D。
51．推理判断题。根据“He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.”（他总是每24小时工作16小时。有时他的妻子不得不提醒他睡觉和吃饭。）可推知爱迪生很勤奋，故选D。
52．B 53．D 54．B 55．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了被称为“行走的百科全书”的玛丽的祖母是怎样变得如此知识渊博的。
52．细节理解题。根据“People call Mary’s grandmother a ‘walking encyclopaedia’. She could probably write an encyclopaedia without the help of anyone else! She is knowledgeable.”可知玛丽的祖母被称为“行走的百科全书”，是因为她知道很多知识。故选B。
53．细节理解题。根据“All the knowledge I get from books or TV programmes”以及“Then my sons—your father and his two brothers—were born. They grew up and liked all kinds of sport, so I learnt the rules of many sports from them”可知玛丽的祖母从书中、电视节目以及自己的儿子身上获得知识，不包括著名的人，故选D。
54．细节理解题。根据“First, I never forget anything I read or hear...Second...”可知玛丽的祖母知识丰富是有两个原因。故选B。
55．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了被称为“行走的百科全书”的玛丽的祖母是如何变得知识渊博的，所以“活到老，学到老”最适合描述这篇文章，故选A。
56．B 57．D 58．C 59．A 60．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了图书馆针对少年儿童的活动信息：主题、时间、费用（材料）和活动对象。
56．细节理解题。根据“Kite-making”中的“$3.00 to cover the cost of paper, string and other materials Children from 5 to 10 years old.”可知，5至10岁的孩子参加这个活动费用是$3，所以莉莉和她的弟弟共花6美元。故选B。
57．细节理解题。根据“Children from 5 to 8 years old.”、“Children from 9 to 10 years old.”、“Children from 5 to 10 years old.”和“Children from 9 to 12 years old.”可知，四个活动中针对的对象都是孩子。故选D。
58．细节理解题。根据“Cartooning with Eva Leung; Wednesday, 8 June, 9 a.m. ~ 11 a.m.”和“Kite-making; Wednesday, 8 June, 2 a.m. ~ 4 p.m.”可知，周三有两种活动。故选C。
59．细节理解题。根据“Cartooning with Eva Leung”中的“Children from 5 to 8 years old.”和“Children from 9 to 10 years old.”可知，两个卡通制作班针对的人群年龄是不同的，所以设两班的原因是孩子年龄不一样。故选A。
60．推理判断题。根据“School Holiday Activities at the Library”可知，这张海报是学校的活动。故选B。
61．B 62．C 63．D 64．C
【导语】本文告诉百科全书能够为我们提供关于各种学科的事实和信息，并介绍了两篇来自百科全书的文章。一篇关于哑剧大师菲利普 比佐特，一篇关于海洋动物的。
61．词义猜测题。根据“Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people imagine. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情).”可知，比佐是一名哑剧大师，他通常通过身体、手势和面部表情来表演节目，可知推知“gestures”应是“手势”的意思。故选B。
62．推理判断题。根据“Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea ”可知，第二篇文章主要介绍了生活在海洋里的一些动物。由此可知，这篇文章可能来自动物的百科全书，故选C。
63．细节理解题。根据“For example, the whale is not a fish… There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin…Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and otters (水獭)love the sea.”可知，海豚、鲸鱼、海豹是动物，不是鱼。由此可知，鲨鱼是鱼。故选D。
64．推理判断题。根据“For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air.”可知，鲸鱼不是鱼，它在水中游泳，不能在水中呼吸。但鱼却不是，它既能在水中游泳，也能在水中呼吸。C项说法错误，但符合题意。故选C。
65．B 66．C 67．D
【导语】本文讲述了查尔斯·达尔文是研究适应性的最著名的科学家之一。他乘坐小猎犬号从英国启航。这次旅行中他们去了很多地方。在一篇论文中，达尔文谈到了一些动物是如何通过适应来帮助它们生存下来的。达尔文关于适应性的观点对生物的研究仍然很重要。
65．细节理解题。根据“Their work was to make maps of the places they visited.”可知，达尔文在小猎犬号上的工作是绘制地图，故选B。
66．细节理解题。根据“On December 27th, 1831 Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle.”可知，达尔文是从英国开始了他的旅行，故选C。
67．推理判断题。根据“The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. Their work was to make maps of the places they visited.”和“In fact, it lasted five years.”可知，达尔文花了五年时间乘船去了许多地方。故选D。
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