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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语上册单元复习考点培优沪教版
（五四学制）（2024）Unit 1 Water
专题11 阅读理解
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
Do you eat acorns (橡子) Speaking of them, most people will think of a lovely animal, squirrel. In the Republic of Korea, there are few acorns on the ground, and as a result, few squirrels.
In recent years, more and more people have been interested in the food that is made from acorns, such as noodles and jelly. It is said to be a kind of healthy food that can help people become thinner and fight illnesses. Lots of people start to pick acorns in public parks all over the Asian countries for their own health. Small shops and large companies are also trying to make acorn food to make money. All these activities are making the number of squirrels fewer and fewer. Luckily, there are some people trying to drive away acorn-searching people. Although they can’t use rules to punish those people, they are trying their best to prevent them. They also put acorns under tree leaves to help the hungry squirrels.
A forest science researcher in the Republic of Korea said a squirrel needs at least 100 acorns to spend the cold winter. But if people still take away their food, there will be no more squirrels in the country in fifty years. So people should take actions to help and save the hungry squirrels.
1．How does the writer start the passage
A．By telling stories. B．By asking questions C．By showing numbers. D．By giving examples.
2．What is making the number of squirrels fewer and fewer
A．People catch squirrels and feed them as pets.
B．People think that acorns are good for their health.
C．Some squirrels die because they don’t have enough food.
D．People start to pick acorns in public parks all over the world.
3．What does the underlined word “prevent” in Para 2 mean
A．Stop B．Save C．Keep D．Protect
4．What can we learn from the passage
A．Acorns are bad for fighting illnesses.
B．Those who try to make acorn food can be punished.
C．There are many acorns and squirrels in the Republic of Korea.
D．Some people help squirrels by putting acorns under the tree leaves.
At the break of day, Ehemat Tohti, a 55-year-old electrical (电气的) worker and his workmates prepared their equipment and embarked on their journey into the heart of the Taklimakan Desert, China’s largest desert (沙漠), to begin a day of patrolling (巡逻).
They are responsible for checking and fixing a 220kV transmission line (输电线) crossing this desert, also known as the “Sea of Death”. “We need to cross the desert once a month to check the 729 transmission towers in order to ensure the power supply (供电) for counties and villages along the Taklimakan. The work is challenging, yet meaningful,” Ehemat Tohti said.
In the fall, at noon, the desert’s surface is still hot, while the temperature between morning and evening has changed greatly. “Now the temperature difference between morning and evening is about 20℃. It was cold when we set off. As we went further, the temperature grew, only to fall down again in the evening. So it’s necessary to take both heavy and light clothing,” he said.
Since most of the route was impossible to reach by car, they needed to travel by motorcycle and on foot for their work. Walking through the desert was difficult. “The harsh environment is not only unbearable for people, but also can easily cause breakdowns of their motorcycles. Moreover, the hidden roots of red willow and Populus euphratica trees, buried under the sand, often puncture the tires, making an unseen danger,” he said.
“The desert is beautiful, but it’s also unpredictable. So you don’t know what you’re going to meet,” he added. They face lots of challenges during their patrols, including floods, swamps, and meeting wild animals such as boars and foxes.
Luckily, in 2022, drones (无人机) came to help their patrol work. “Human workers can patrol up to about 20 power towers a day, but with the help of drones, we can cover nearly 100 towers.” Ehemat Tohti also said that he didn’t plan to retire. “I want to share my experience and skills with more people and keep learning more knowledge.”
5．The writer mentions the name of “Sea of Death” mainly to show that ________.
A．many people have died there
B．the desert is large and famous
C．their work is dangerous but important
D．it’s hard to build a transmission line there
6．What do Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly talk about
A．The work of electrical workers.
B．The desert’s changing weather.
C．Dangers hidden under the desert.
D．Challenging working environment.
7．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A．It’s 20℃ below zero in the fall evening in the desert.
B．Workers’ motorcycles often can’t work for many reasons.
C．There are fewer than 729 transmission towers in the desert.
D．Electrical workers have to take either heavy or light clothing.
8．The underlined word “unpredictable” in Paragraph 5 means “________” in the passage.
A．it’s impossible to meet any human there
B．they need drones to help their patrol work
C．there are many animals living in the desert
D．it’s hard to tell what will happen in the desert
9．We can know that Ehemat Tohti is ________ from the passage.
A．hard-working B．outgoing
C．talented D．creative
Turning Waste into Useful Items: A Teen’s Environmental Project
16-year-old Lin Tao from Hangzhou started a project called “Waste to Wonder” last year. He collected waste materials from his school and neighborhood and turned them into useful items. His project not only reduced waste but also inspired other students to protect the environment.
Lin Tao got the idea when he saw a lot of waste paper, plastic bottles, and old clothes in his school’s trash cans. “These things are not useless—we can give them a new life,” he thought. He first talked to his school’s headmaster and got permission to set up a collection box for waste materials. Every week, he and his classmates sorted the waste: paper was made into handmade notebooks, plastic bottles were cut and painted to become pen holders, and old clothes were sewn into small storage bags.
To let more people know about his project, Lin Tao held a small exhibition at his school. He displayed the items he made and explained how he turned waste into useful things. Many students were interested and joined his project. Later, Lin Tao also went to nearby communities to give talks. He taught residents to make simple crafts from waste materials, like using cardboard boxes to make shoe racks.
In just one year, Lin Tao’s project collected over 500 kilograms of waste and turned it into more than 300 useful items. He said, “Everyone can do something for the environment. Even small actions like reusing waste can make a big difference.” His project won the “Best Teen Environmental Project” award in Hangzhou this year.
10．Why did Lin Tao start the “Waste to Wonder” project
A．To make money by selling handmade items.
B．To reduce waste and inspire others to protect the environment.
C．To get permission from his school’s headmaster.
D．To collect waste materials for his school’s exhibition.
11．What did Lin Tao do first to start his project
A．He held an exhibition at his school.
B．He talked to the headmaster and set up a collection box.
C．He went to communities to give talks.
D．He made handmade notebooks from waste paper.
12．What did Lin Tao make from plastic bottles
A．Handmade notebooks.
B．Small storage bags.
C．Pen holders.
D．Shoe racks.
13．What can we learn from Lin Tao’s story
A．Only teenagers can take part in environmental projects.
B．Reusing waste is a simple way to protect the environment.
C．It’s difficult to collect a large amount of waste.
D．Environmental projects can’t win any awards.
Water is a truly remarkable substance that is fundamental (基本的，根本的) to life on Earth. It exists in various forms and plays multiple essential roles in different aspects of our world.
One of the most obvious yet crucial (关键的) aspects is its role in sustaining life. Every living organism, from the tiniest microbe to the largest mammal, needs water to survive. In humans, water makes up a significant portion of our body mass. It is involved in countless biological processes such as digestion, circulation, and temperature regulation. Without an adequate supply of water, our bodies would quickly start to malfunction.
In the natural world, water shapes landscapes in astonishing ways. Glaciers, which are huge masses of ice (solid water), have carved out deep valleys and fjords over thousands of years. Rivers are like the life-giving arteries of the land, providing habitats for a diverse range of plants and animals. They also transport nutrients and sediments, enriching the soil in floodplains (洪泛区) and supporting fertile (肥沃的) agricultural areas.
Water is also of great importance in human activities. In agriculture, it is used for irrigation to grow crops that feed the global population. Without proper watering, food production would be severely limited. In industry, water serves as a coolant, a solvent (溶剂), and a medium for many manufacturing processes.
Moreover, water has a profound cultural and recreational (娱乐的) significance. Many of the world’s most famous landmarks, like the Venice canals in Italy, are centered around water. Water-based activities such as swimming, surfing, and boating are popular forms of recreation, bringing joy and relaxation to millions of people.
However, as our population grows and our demands on water increase, we face the challenge of ensuring a sustainable supply of this precious resource. This requires careful management and conservation efforts.
14．What percentage of the human body is made up of water according to the passage
A．It doesn’t specify a percentage. B．20%.
C．50%. D．80%.
15．How do glaciers contribute to shaping the landscape
A．By causing earthquakes. B．By melting quickly to form lakes.
C．By carving out valleys and fjords. D．By providing water for rivers.
16．In which two main human activities is water important as mentioned in the passage
A．Education and entertainment. B．Agriculture and industry.
C．Construction and fashion. D．Art and music.
17．Which of the following is an example of a water-related cultural landmark
A．The Eiffel Tower. B．The Great Wall of China.
C．The Sydney Opera House. D．The Venice canals.
18．What challenge do we face regarding water as the population grows
A．Oversupply of water.
B．Ensuring a sustainable water supply.
C．Decrease in water-related activities.
D．Lack of interest in water conservation.
About half of New York City’s yearly water supply travels through a system of underground tunnels. Once through these tunnels, the water becomes drinking water. However, one of these tunnels, the Delaware Aqueduct is leaking.
The Delaware Aqueduct stretches 85 miles (136. 8 kilometres) long. It is the world’s largest tunnel. Hundreds of millions of gallons flow through the enormous, aging tunnel every day. But there are cracks in the tunnel’s walls. A large amount of water escapes through those cracks every day. This leaking is not only a waste of water but also creating problems above ground.
The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYDEP) oversees the water supply. It has been aware of the leaks for decades. Until now, however, city officials have been hesitant to repair the tunnel. Repair work would mean closing parts of the tunnel. If the tunnel were closed, New York City would not have enough water. The city, therefore, did not want to take the tunnel out of service. A new tunnel is presently being built, which will provide more water. However, that project is not expected to be completed until a decade later.
Until that time, the city has begun dive work. This work is the first part of an early stage of testing. The testing will determine the best way to repair the tunnel. In mid-February, the city began sending divers 700 feet down to the tunnel to gather data. The data will be used to develop a repair plan. The project costs about $240 million. It will take five years to complete.
This first part of the project requires a team of six divers to live in a special chamber for three weeks. The divers spend one week getting used to the change in pressure at the 700-foot-below (213.4-metre-below) depth. They spend one week doing the necessary work and another week getting used to the pressure at ground level again. At that depth, the divers cannot breathe regular air. The air pressure has changed. Regular air is four-fifths nitrogen and one-fifth oxygen. However, divers are descending 700 feet below ground level. At that depth, nitrogen is too heavy for the lungs to breathe. So the divers are supplied with a mixture of oxygen and helium, a lighter gas.
The divers work in crews of three divers at a time. They work 12-hour shifts. Wearing wet suits and breathing tanks that contain the oxygen-helium blend, divers descend down a shaft that leads into the tunnel. Besides gathering data, they are measuring the space for machines that will later perform the much-needed repairs. New York City officials said that after the divers finish this part of the project, the next part will be to send the machines down the shaft.
19．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．New York City has begun a project to repair a leaking tunnel.
B．The Delaware Aqueduct brings water to New York City.
C．A new water tunnel will be completed soon.
D．Divers must breathe an oxygen-helium mixture.
20．“Repair work would mean closing parts of the tunnel. If the tunnel were closed, New York City would not have enough water.” (Para.3) The author’s purpose for writing these sentences was to ________.
A．inform readers that the city does not want to repair the cracks
B．inform readers that the tunnel supplies drinking water to New York City
C．explain why the new tunnel project will not be completed soon
D．explain why city officials have been hesitant to repair the tunnel
21．Which information is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．The reason why the tunnel is losing water
B．Why the tunnel was named the Delaware Aqueduct
C．The length of the Delaware Aqueduct
D．When the new tunnel will be completed
22．Which is the closest antonym for the underlined word “descending” in Para.5
A．Reflecting. B．Rehearsing. C．Rinsing. D．Rising.
23．Suppose you were writing a summary of the passage. Which of these would be most important to put in the summary
A．New York City is working to repair leaks in the Delaware Aqueduct.
B．Divers cannot breathe regular air at 700 feet below ground level.
C．Another tunnel under construction will not be completed until 2020.
D．City officials have been hesitant to repair the cracks in the tunnel.
The significance and crisis of water
Water, the elixir of life, is an essential element for all living organisms. It covers approximately 71% of the Earth’s surface, yet the availability of fresh water suitable for human consumption is alarmingly limited. Oceans hold the vast majority of water on Earth, but this is saline and unfit for direct drinking or most agricultural uses without desalination processes.
Fresh water exists in various forms, such as rivers, lakes, groundwater, and glaciers. Rivers are not only crucial water sources but also act as arteries, transporting water across landscapes and supporting diverse ecosystems. Groundwater, stored in underground aquifers, is a vital resource, especially in arid regions. However, the over-extraction of groundwater has led to problems like land subsidence in some areas.
The water cycle, a continuous process of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, plays a fundamental role in replenishing the Earth’s water supply. Solar energy drives the evaporation of water from water bodies, which then rises into the atmosphere, cools, and condenses into clouds before falling back to the surface as rain or snow.
Nevertheless, water resources are under severe threat. Pollution from industrial waste, agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers, and improper sewage disposal contaminates water sources. Additionally, climate change is disrupting the water cycle, leading to more extreme weather events like droughts and floods.
24．What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by water
A．About 29%. B．About 50%. C．About 71%. D．About 80%.
25．Why is most of the water in the oceans not suitable for direct human use
A．It is too cold. B．It contains too much salt.
C．It is polluted. D．It is in a gaseous state.
26．Which of the following is a form of fresh water
A．Saline water in the ocean. B．Water vapor in the air.
C．Groundwater. D．Water in a polluted lake.
27．What drives the evaporation in the water cycle
A．Wind. B．Earth’s rotation.
C．Solar energy. D．Moon’s gravity.
28．What are the main threats to water resources according to the passage
A．Earthquakes and tsunamis. B．Pollution and climate change.
C．High temperature and strong winds. D．Cloud formation and precipitation.
A city without cars would be very strange, right But Venice is such a city. Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn’t built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.
Even so, travel isn’t difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. Tourists in Venice move from place to place by boat. They like to enjoy the scenery (风光) and cool summer nights when taking boat trips. They can talk to other people as they go along.
Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment, they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there’s nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it’s underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.
Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean (北冰洋) melt (融化). Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.
Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy’s biggest companies to build the MOSE project to solve the problem.
29．Which of the following is right according to the passage
A．Tourists enjoy trips by boat in Venice.
B．Venice is a city like Beijing and Shanghai.
C．It’s not easy to travel in Venice because of the seawater.
D．People should wear rain shoes at any time of the year.
30．Why does the writer mention “strange experiences” in Venice in paragraph 3
A．To show Rialto Bridge is special.
B．To show the strange feelings of tourists.
C．To show the advantage of rain shoes.
D．To show the problem of water in Venice.
31．What has made the city lower and lower
①The rising seawater. ②Too many waterways.
③The higher temperature. ④Overused underground water.
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④
32．What is the best title of the passage
A．The History and Scenery of Venice. B．The Specials and Problems of Venice.
C．The Waterways and Bridges of Venice. D．The Problems and MOSE Project of Venice.
The Shenzhen Book City Bay Area Store, called the “Eye of the Bay Area”, has won a big award. It was awarded the MUSE Design Awards Platinum Winner. This award started in 2015. The International Awards Associate (IAA) made this award to praise the best designers in the world. It’s very renowned in the design world. It shows great work in many areas like building design and interior design (室内设计).
This bookstore is in Phases 2 and 3 of Haibin Square in Bao’an. It was planned to be finished at the end of 2024. And it will open to everyone in 2025. When it’s done, its floor area will reach about 131,000 square meters. It will have two floors above the ground and two floors under the ground.
The bookstore is not just for buying books. It’s a place where people can learn and have fun with different cultures. Its design is special. It looks like two jade plates (玉盘). This design mixes Chinese and Lingnan styles well. There will be lots of green spaces. These green spaces will make a nice place where city life and nature are together. Also, the design uses low-carbon ideas. For example, it makes the building layout (布局) better, uses more natural light and air, and has more plants. All these make people feel good when they come to the bookstore.
33．What is the purpose (目的) of MUSE Design Awards
A．To increase the sales of books.
B．To support the development of green spaces.
C．To encourage more people to visit bookstores.
D．To honour the best designers around the world.
34．What does the underlined word “renowned” mean
A．New. B．Quiet. C．Famous. D．Expensive.
35．How many floors will the bookstore have
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Six.
36．What can we infer from the passage
A．The award is not important at all.
B．The bookstore will be very small.
C．The design of the bookstore is simple.
D．The bookstore’s design is environmentally friendly.
37．Where is this passage probably from
A．A storybook. B．A newspaper. C．A science report. D．A fashion magazine.
Dear humans,
It’s the first time I write to you, my children. I sent you many messages but you didn’t look at them. So I write you a letter.
First, let me tell you more about my family. Dear humans, I have you as my children and I also have many other children. Some of them fly in the sky; some of them swim in water; some live in cold places. Some of them are very small, but some of them are quite big, such as elephants. They might live in your house or in the forest. But there are others that you may never meet.
You bring them home to be your pets, friends and helpers. You put them in zoos. You kill them for their meat or even for fun. Remember that animals are not your food or toys. They are your brothers and sisters. All of you are equal. You must grow up with them.
Humans, you are great. You learn and use science well. You know where you want to go, and what you want to get. But you don’t love me. You cut down my forests, make my rivers dirty…I’m afraid that you’ll have no brothers or sisters one day.
So, grow up, humans. Can you and all the animals live together happily
Yours,
Mother Earth
38．What does Mother Earth write about at first in the letter
A．Her big family. B．Humans’ problems.
C．Her wishes. D．Her favorite animals.
39．What problems do humans have in the eyes of Mother Earth
①They are smart but not friendly to animals. ②They have different needs. ③They don’t love Mother Earth.
A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．①②③
40．What does the underlined word “equal” mean in Chinese
A．不同的 B．强大的 C．稀有的 D．平等的
41．How does Mother Earth feel when she writes the letter
A．Angry. B．Excited. C．Worried. D．Happy.
42．Why does Mother Earth write the letter
A．To teach humans how to grow up. B．To ask humans to look at her messages.
C．To ask humans to be friendly to animals. D．To tell humans about her family.
Saving Water
Water is a precious resource, but many people don’t realize how much water they waste every day. Here are some simple ways to save water.
First, fix any leaky faucets or pipes in your home. A small leak can waste a large amount of water over time.
Second, take shorter showers. A five-minute shower uses less water than a long bath. You can also install a low-flow showerhead to reduce water usage.
Third, turn off the tap when you are brushing your teeth or washing your hands. Only turn it on when you need to rinse.
Fourth, collect rainwater. You can use a barrel to collect rainwater and use it to water your plants or wash your car.
Fifth, use a dishwasher or washing machine only when they are full. This can save a lot of water compared to running them half-full.
By following these simple tips, we can all do our part to save water and protect this important resource.
43．Why is it important to save water
A．Because water is expensive. B．Because water is a precious resource.
C．Because water is easy to get. D．Because water is everywhere.
44．What should you do if you have a leaky faucet
A．Ignore it. B．Fix it.
C．Let it leak more. D．Buy a new faucet.
45．How can you reduce water usage in the shower
A．Take longer showers. B．Install a high-flow showerhead.
C．Take shorter showers and install a low-flow showerhead. D．Take a bath instead of a shower.
46．What can you use rainwater for
A．Drinking. B．Cooking.
C．Watering plants or washing a car. D．All of the above.
47．When should you use a dishwasher or washing machine
A．Whenever you want. B．Only when they are half-full.
C．Only when they are full. D．Never.
Do you know about Lego toys In 2024, a 13-year-old boy named Liutauras found a Lego octopus (章鱼) on a beach in Cornwall, the UK. In 1997, millions of Lego bricks (积木) fell into the ocean. This octopus was one of them. At that time, a storm (暴风雨) hit the ship with many Lego toys. All the things on the ship dropped into the ocean. 5 million Lego bricks were among them. It is called the 1997 Lego spill (乐高大泄露).
Today, about 28 years later, people still find Lego bricks on beaches in Europe. Some pieces are hard to find. For example, there were only 514 green dragons in the box. If beach visitors find one, they will be very excited.
Tracey Williams is a writer from the UK. She tries her best to look for Lego bricks. In 2010, she started writing about Lego finds. “Looking for lost Lego toys from the spill with my kids was fun at first. We love doing that. Later, we felt sad because we saw all the other plastics in the ocean. This shows how long plastics stay in our oceans. They never completely break down (分解). When ocean animals eat them, they get badly hurt (受伤),” Williams wrote in her book.
48．How does the writer begin the text
A．By asking a question. B．By showing a picture.
C．By showing some numbers. D．By talking about a book by Tracey Williams.
49．How will visitors feel if they find a green dragon
A．Happy. B．Cold. C．Sorry. D．Excited.
50．What can we know from Tracey Williams’ experience of looking for Lego bricks
A．Looking for Lego bricks is always funny.
B．Ocean plastics have no impact (影响) on ocean animals.
C．Her family’s activity made her notice the problem of ocean plastics.
D．Plastics break down quickly in the ocean.
51．What can be the best title for the text
A．The History of Lego Toys B．Having Fun with Lego Toys
C．How Lego Toys Break Down in the Ocean D．Lego Toys from 1997 Are Still in the Ocean
The Water Cycle
The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, is the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.
The sun heats up water in rivers, lakes, and oceans. This causes the water to evaporate and turn into water vapor. The water vapor rises into the air. As it goes higher, the air gets cooler. The cooler air makes the water vapor condense into tiny water droplets. These droplets form clouds.
When the water droplets in the clouds get too heavy, they fall back to the Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. This is called precipitation.
Some of the precipitation soaks into the ground and becomes groundwater. Some of it runs off into rivers, lakes, and oceans. And the cycle starts all over again.
The water cycle is very important. It helps to distribute water around the Earth. It also helps to purify water. The sun's heat and the process of evaporation and condensation remove impurities from the water.
52．What is another name for the water cycle
A．The hydrologic cycle. B．The water movement.
C．The water distribution. D．The water purification.
53．What causes water to evaporate
A．The moon. B．The Earth. C．The sun. D．The wind.
54．What happens when water vapor rises into the air
A．It gets warmer. B．It gets cooler.
C．It stays the same temperature. D．It disappears.
55．What is precipitation
A．The process of water evaporating. B．The process of water condensing.
C．Rain, snow, sleet, or hail falling from the clouds. D．The movement of water in rivers and lakes.
56．Why is the water cycle important
A．It helps to distribute water around the Earth. B．It helps to purify water.
C．Both A and B． D．None of the above.
Water Pollution
Water pollution is a serious problem around the world. It is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.
There are many causes of water pollution. One of the main causes is industrial waste. Factories often dump harmful chemicals and waste products into water bodies. This can make the water toxic and dangerous for plants, animals, and humans.
Another cause is agricultural runoff. Farmers use fertilizers and pesticides on their crops. When it rains, these chemicals can wash into rivers and lakes, polluting the water.
Sewage and wastewater are also big problems. If sewage is not properly treated, it can contain harmful bacteria and viruses. This can cause diseases when people come into contact with the polluted water.
Water pollution has many bad effects. It can kill fish and other aquatic animals. It can also make the water unfit for human use, such as for drinking, swimming, and fishing.
To solve the problem of water pollution, we need to take action. Governments should make stricter laws to control industrial waste and agricultural runoff. We should also improve sewage treatment systems. And we, as individuals, can do our part by reducing waste and using environmentally friendly products.
57．What is water pollution
A．The evaporation of water. B．The contamination of water bodies.
C．The purification of water. D．The movement of water in the water cycle.
58．What is one of the main causes of water pollution
A．Industrial waste. B．Rain. C．The sun. D．Aquatic animals.
59．What can agricultural runoff contain
A．Harmful bacteria and viruses. B．Fertilizers and pesticides.
C．Harmful chemicals and waste products. D．All of the above.
60．What are the bad effects of water pollution
A．It can kill fish and other aquatic animals. B．It can make the water unfit for human use.
C．Both A and B． D．None of the above.
61．What can we do to solve the problem of water pollution
A．Governments should make stricter laws.
B．We should improve sewage treatment systems.
C．We can reduce waste and use environmentally friendly products.
D．All of the above.
To Be an Environmentally Friendly Kid
Taking care of the earth is a huge duty. So it’s necessary to encourage your kid to become an environmentally friendly person. Pay attention to their daily habits. 62 Do it as follows.
Grow a garden to decrease the food bought from the store. When you grow plants and get food from your garden, you avoid all the plastic bags that come along with what you buy. It decreases much rubbish that you have to throw away. Get your kids to prepare snacks and meals with the food from your garden. 63
Change your lightbulbs (灯泡) for energy-saving ones. This can be a great lesson about energy, how it’s used, and how you can save it. If your child is old enough, let them change the bulbs themselves. Try out another way: Eat dinner by candlelight once a week. 64 And it creates a fun experience for you and your family.
65 Leaving the water running uses up about 2-4 gallons (加仑) of water each minute! Over a month, your child could save over 200 gallons of water on their own. 66 Each day, have your child color in a few inches of space, starting at the bottom, to represent how much water they’ve saved. Similarly, you could challenge older kids to see if they can take a shorter shower.
根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。
A．This is a good way to save energy.
B．Even small changes can make a big difference over time.
C．Make this more obvious by drawing a large jar on a piece of paper.
D．Challenge your kids to turn off the water while brushing teeth.
E．This is also a great way to have your kids do some hands-on work.
As we all know, the earth is in bad condition now.
Luckily, we human beings have realized the problem. Something must be done to stop pollution. It’s our duty to protect our Mother Earth. In order to live a better life, in September 1969, at a conference in Seattle, Washington, Senator Gaylord Nelson announced that in the spring of 1970, there would be a nationwide environmental activity. That was the concept (概念) of Earth Day. “It was a wish,” he recalls, “but it worked.”
On April 22nd, 1970, World Earth Day was first observed. That day, 20 million people attended the movement in the US. On April 22, 1990, more than 200 million people in 141 countries took part in Earth Day celebrations. Earth Day 2007 was one of the largest Earth Days. Billions of people around the world took part in Earth Day events. More than 40,000 people show up for Earth Day festivities at Chicago’s Lincoln Park Zoo, setting a single-day attendance record.
People who have been fighting against oil spills, polluting factories, power plants and the loss of wilderness unite (联合) on Earth Day.
If everyone makes a contribution to environmental protection, the world will become much more beautiful. In a word, if everyone pays more attention to our environment, there will be less pollution and our life will be better. There is only one earth. I hope everyone will protect our earth well. We should act like a civilized person: do not spit, do not litter, care for trees and plants… Let’s join hands to save the earth!
Remember: Everyday is Earth Day!
67．Where was the concept of Earth Day announced
A．In Spain. B．In Chicago. C．In Seattle. D．In London.
68．When was the first World Earth Day celebrated
A．On April 22nd, 1969. B．On April 22nd, 1970.
C．On April 22nd, 1990. D．On April 22nd, 2007.
69．The passage may come from ________.
A．a guidebook B．a science newspaper
C．an environmental magazine D．a storybook
70．What’s the best title of the passage
A．The Environment B．Earth Day C．The Pollution D．Environment Day
Choose the right sentences to complete the passage.
The Amazing Liquid of Life
Water is essential for all living things on Earth. 71 It exists in three forms: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapour). The water cycle ensures that water moves continuously between the Earth and the atmosphere. 72 When water evaporates, it rises into the sky and forms clouds. Later, it falls back as rain or snow.
73 In agriculture, water helps crops grow, and in industries, it’s used for cooling machinery and making products. Even our bodies depend on water—blood is mostly water, and our cells need it to stay alive. 74 Studies show that losing just 2% of your body’s water can make you feel tired and less focused.
75 Sadly, pollution and climate change are threatening water supplies. Chemicals from factories and plastic waste harm rivers, while droughts make clean water even scarcer. The good news Everyone can help—by saving water at home, reducing pollution, and protecting nature.
A．Water is vital for both daily life and large-scale activities.
B．It covers over 70% of the Earth.
C．In fact, a human can survive weeks without food but only days without water.
D．This natural process is called the water cycle.
E．However, many people waste water without realizing its true value.
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，每个选项仅用一次。
Every day, we use and throw away a large number of things. 76 Luckily, with the support (支持) of our friends, families and classmates, there are many simple things we can do to protect the environment!
Drive our cars less. 77 For example, we can walk or ride a bike instead of (取代) driving a car to where we need to go. Carpooling (拼车) is also a great way to get around, and it means we can spend more time with our friends and family! 78
Use less electricity and water. 79 And remember to turn off small machines (机器) when we don’t use them, because it saves a lot of energy through the day. Something as simple as turning off the water while brushing our teeth can also make a big difference to the earth.
80 If we put our heart into it, it’s never too late to make a small change.
A．Turn off the lights when we leave a room.
B．There are many great ways to get around.
C．It is a very good way to reduce (减少) air pollution.
D．One small step for humans is a big jump for the environment.
E．It’s time for us to think of ways to change what we are doing to the earth.
Keeping Water Sources Clean
Although about three quarters of the earth is covered with water, only less than one percent of it can be used. 81
The water we use comes from oceans, lakes, rivers or streams. But many of them are getting seriously polluted.
Towns and cities are pouring dust into the water. Many people are throwing all kinds of dirty things into the water. 82 Somebody throws rubbish everywhere and the rubbish flows into the water when it rains heavily… Therefore, water sources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use.
Who is willing to drink the polluted water 83 We can’t wait for a moment to keep our water sources clean and we should do something to protect our water sources from being polluted.
84 In my opinion, we shouldn’t throw away rubbish here and there. 85 Only in this way can we keep our water sources clean and live happily and healthily, I think.
A．It can cause us to become ill and even to die.
B．Factories are pouring waste materials into the water.
C．It’s a pity that some of water sources are being polluted.
D．What should we do to keep water sources clean and protect them from being polluted
E．And when we see someone do this, we should be brave enough to stop them from doing so.
The world’s largest and also the most famous rainforest is the Amazon Rainforest. 60% is in Brazil and 13% is in Peru in South America. 86 The Congo Rainforest in Africa and the Southeast Asian rainforests in Asia are smaller than it. The rainforest has an area of over 5.5 million square kilometers. 87
Like other rainforests, the Amazon Rainforest is pretty thick. The plants cover the sky. Different animal species live in different parts of the huge trees. It often rains in the rainforest, so the rain washes away the soil. 88
The Amazon Rainforest is famous for being beautiful but dangerous. It is said that there is a kind of fish in the Amazon River. It kills a person by pulling him into water and eats him in five minutes.
89 For example, the largest cat in the Western Hemisphere, one of the world’s largest snakes. The snake is 7 meters long and can kill an animal much bigger than it.
90 However, it is becoming smaller rapidly. Farmers cut down the rainforest to plant. Environmentalists around the world took steps to save the Amazon Rainforest, but what they did made little difference.
根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。
A．There are millions of plant and animal species in the Amazon Rainforest.
B．The rainforest soils are very thin.
C．The Amazon Rainforest is the number one on the planet.
D．On the land there are many largest animals in the world.
E．The Amazon is the world’s largest rainforest.
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Save Water
We should not use more water than we actually need. If we do, we will not have enough water in the future. 91 It is not a difficult question to answer. If we remove more fresh water than nature replaces, we have taken too much.
Many cities run campaigns (运动) to get people to stop wasting water. They show them ways they can cut back on water use. 92 What’s more, they carry out programs that offer money to reduce water use. For example, they give people shower heads and toilets that use less water. 93
Another threat (威胁) to our water supply is pollution. When our sources of fresh water get polluted we can no longer use this water. This also endangers (危及) the animals that depend on the water.
94 We can save lots of water by not letting taps run while we brush our teeth or by turning off taps right after washing hands. By collecting cold water when we’re taking warm showers, we can also save water. 95 In this way, we can make full use of water.
A．However, just how much is too much
B．It’s very important for you to know how to save water.
C．There are several things we can do to save water.
D．Finally, they make laws to control the use of water.
E．We don’t have to let the cold water run until it gets warm.
F．They also increase water bills for people who use too much.
G．We are in rich salt water, but not in fresh water.
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参考答案及试题解析
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在韩国，橡果做成的食物越来越受欢迎，于是人们寻找橡果越来越普遍，橡果越来越少，导致松鼠也越来越少，作者呼吁人们采取行动帮助拯救松鼠。
1．推理判断题。根据“Do you eat acorns (橡子) ”可知，作者通过提问的方式开始这篇文章，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“Lots of people start to pick acorns in public parks all over the Asian countries for their own health. Small shops and large companies are also trying to make acorn food to make money. All these activities are making the number of squirrels fewer and fewer.”可知，人们捡拾橡果，大公司小商店制作橡果食物，导致松鼠的食物减少，最终导致松鼠数目越来越少，故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据“Although they can’t use rules to punish those people, they are trying their best to prevent them.”可知，这里说虽然不能惩罚那些人，但尽力阻止他们，“prevent”意思是“阻止”，与“Stop”意思相近，故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“They also put acorns under tree leaves to help the hungry squirrels.”可知，一些人通过把橡子放在树叶下来帮助松鼠，选项D正确。故选D。
5．C 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了55岁的电气工人Ehemat Tohti和他的同事们在中国最大的沙漠塔克拉玛干沙漠巡逻输电线路的经历。他们的工作充满挑战，包括恶劣的天气、难以行走的沙漠环境以及隐藏的危险。尽管面临诸多困难，他们依然坚守岗位，确保沙漠周边地区的电力供应。2022年，无人机的引入大大提高了他们的工作效率。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They are responsible for checking and fixing a 220kV transmission line (输电线) crossing this desert, also known as the ‘Sea of Death’. ‘We need to cross the desert once a month to check the 729 transmission towers in order to ensure the power supply (供电) for counties and villages along the Taklimakan. The work is challenging, yet meaningful,’ Ehemat Tohti said.”可知，作者提到“死亡之海”这个名字主要是为了表明他们的工作既危险又重要。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the fall, at noon, the desert’s surface is still hot, while the temperature between morning and evening has changed greatly.”和第四段“Since most of the route was impossible to reach by car, they needed to travel by motorcycle and on foot for their work. Walking through the desert was difficult. ‘The harsh environment is not only unbearable for people, but also can easily cause breakdowns of their motorcycles. Moreover, the hidden roots of red willow and Populus euphratica trees, buried under the sand, often puncture the tires, making an unseen danger,’ he said.”可知，第三段和第四段主要讲述了他们工作的环境十分具有挑战性。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The harsh environment is not only unbearable for people, but also can easily cause breakdowns of their motorcycles.”可知，工人的摩托车经常因为很多原因不能工作。故选B。
8．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“So you don’t know what you’re going to meet”可知，你不知道你会遇到什么，即很难说出沙漠里会发生什么。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Luckily, in 2022, drones (无人机) came to help their patrol work. ‘Human workers can patrol up to about 20 power towers a day, but with the help of drones, we can cover nearly 100 towers.’ Ehemat Tohti also said that he didn’t plan to retire. ‘I want to share my experience and skills with more people and keep learning more knowledge.’”可知，Ehemat Tohti工作很努力。故选A。
10．B 11．B 12．C 13．B
【导语】本文讲述了杭州16岁的林涛开展“Waste to Wonder”项目，收集废品并将其变废为宝，以此减少浪费、激励他人环保，该项目还获了奖的故事。
10．细节理解题。根据文中“His project not only reduced waste but also inspired other students to protect the environment.”可知，林涛开展“Waste to Wonder”项目是为了减少浪费并激励其他学生保护环境，故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据文中“He first talked to his school’s headmaster and got permission to set up a collection box for waste materials.”可知，林涛首先和校长交谈并获得设置收集箱的许可，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据文中“plastic bottles were cut and painted to become pen holders”可知，林涛用塑料瓶制作了笔筒，故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据文中“Even small actions like reusing waste can make a big difference.”可知，重复利用废物是一种保护环境的简单方式，故选B。
14．A 15．C 16．B 17．D 18．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了水的重要性，包括水在维持生命、塑造地貌、人类活动以及文化娱乐等方面的作用，还提及了随着人口增长面临的水资源可持续供应挑战。
14．细节理解题。根据“In humans, water makes up a significant portion of our body mass.”可知，文章没有具体说明人体中水所占的百分比，故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据“Glaciers, which are huge masses of ice (solid water), have carved out deep valleys and fjords over thousands of years.”可知，冰川通过侵蚀出山谷和峡湾来塑造地貌，故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据“In agriculture, it is used for irrigation to grow crops that feed the global population.”以及“In industry, water serves as a coolant, a solvent (溶剂), and a medium for many manufacturing processes.”可知，水在农业和工业这两项人类主要活动中很重要，故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据“Many of the world’s most famous landmarks, like the Venice canals in Italy, are centered around water.”可知，威尼斯运河是与水相关的文化地标例子，故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据“However, as our population grows and our demands on water increase, we face the challenge of ensuring a sustainable supply of this precious resource.”可知，随着人口增长，我们面临的挑战是确保水资源的可持续供应，故选B。
19．A 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了纽约市因Delaware Aqueduct隧道长期渗漏而启动修复工程，由于修复需关闭隧道可能导致缺水，官员过去数十年迟迟未行动。纽约市启动了一项修复工程，派遣潜水员下潜至700英尺深的隧道收集数据，以规划修复方案，为后续机械修复工作做准备。
19．主旨大意题。文章主要围绕纽约市修复Delaware Aqueduct渗漏的工程展开，包括工程背景、困难、潜水员的工作细节等，其他选项均为细节信息而非主旨。选项A“纽约市开始了一项修复漏水隧道的工程”符合语境。故选A。
20．推理判断题。根据“Until now, however, city officials have been hesitant to repair the tunnel. Repair work would mean closing parts of the tunnel. If the tunnel were closed, New York City would not have enough water. The city, therefore, did not want to take the tunnel out of service.”可知，这两句话直接解释了官员迟迟不修复隧道的原因：关闭隧道会导致城市供水不足。选项D“解释一下为什么市政官员对修复隧道犹豫不决”符合语境。故选D。
21．推理判断题。根据“The Delaware Aqueduct stretches 85 miles (136. 8 kilometres) long.”和“But there are cracks in the tunnel’s walls. A large amount of water escapes through those cracks every day.”和“A new tunnel is presently being built, which will provide more water. However, that project is not expected to be completed until a decade later.”可知，文章提到了隧道长度（85英里）、渗漏原因（裂缝）、新隧道完工时间（约十年后），但未说明隧道命名的原因。选项B“为什么这条隧道被命名为德拉瓦输隧道”符合语境。故选B。
22．词义猜测题。根据“However, divers are descending 700 feet below ground level.”可知，此处表示潜水员下降到地下700英尺，Descending意为“下降”，反义词为“上升”（Rising）。选项D“上升”符合语境。故选D。
23．推理判断题。摘要应涵盖核心事件，即纽约市启动修复Delaware Aqueduct渗漏的工程，其他选项均为辅助细节。选项A“纽约市正在努力修复Delaware Aqueduct的泄漏”符合语境。故选A。
24．C 25．B 26．C 27．C 28．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要讲述了水的重要性、存在形式、水循环过程以及当前面临的主要威胁。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“It covers approximately 71% of the Earth’s surface”可知，水覆盖了地球表面约71%。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“but this is saline and unfit for direct drinking or most agricultural uses without desalination processes.”可知，海水是含盐的，不适合直接饮用，也不适合未经脱盐处理的大多数农业用途。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Fresh water exists in various forms, such as rivers, lakes, groundwater, and glaciers.”可知，地下水是淡水的一种存在形式。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“Solar energy drives the evaporation of water from water bodies”可知，太阳能驱动水体中水分的蒸发。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“Pollution from...climate change is disrupting the water cycle”可知，工业污染、农业径流及气候变化破坏水循环。故选B。
29．A 30．D 31．C 32．B
【导语】本文介绍了意大利东北部的威尼斯。
29．细节理解题。根据“Tourists in Venice move from place to place by boat. They like to enjoy the scenery (风光) and cool summer nights when taking boat trips.”可知，游客们喜欢在威尼斯乘船旅行。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据“Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem.”可知，第三段提到奇怪的经历是为了展示威尼斯的水问题。故选D。
31．细节理解题。根据“Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little ... Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years.”可知，让这座城市越来越低的原因有：不断上升的海水、不断升高的气温以及过度使用地下水。故选C。
32．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了威尼斯的特色和问题。选项B“威尼斯的特色和问题”符合题意。故选B。
33．D 34．C 35．C 36．D 37．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了有“湾区之眼”之称的深圳书城湾区店获MUSE设计奖铂金奖，还说明了该奖项背景、书店的位置、预计建成开放时间、规模、兼具学习娱乐功能的定位及融合中国岭南风格、含绿色空间、采用低碳理念的特色设计。
33．细节理解题。根据“The International Awards Associate (IAA) made this award to praise the best designers in the world.”可知，MUSE设计奖的设立目的是表彰世界上最优秀的设计师。故选D。
34．词句猜测题。根据“It was awarded the MUSE Design Awards Platinum Winner. This award started in 2015. The International Awards Associate (IAA) made this award to praise the best designers in the world.”可知，该奖项由国际奖项协会设立，旨在表彰世界上最优秀的设计师，由此可推测它在设计界“有名”，“renowned”意为“著名的”。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据“It will have two floors above the ground and two floors under the ground.”可知，这家书店将有地上两层和地下两层，总共四层。故选C。
36．推理判断题。根据“Also, the design uses low-carbon ideas. For example, it makes the building layout (布局) better, uses more natural light and air, and has more plants.”可知，书店的设计采用了低碳理念，比如优化建筑布局、利用更多自然光和空气以及种植更多植物，由此可推断书店的设计是环保的。故选D。
37．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了深圳书城湾区店获得MUSE设计奖铂金奖、书店的位置、预计建成和开放时间、规模以及设计特点等信息，这类关于具体场所的新闻性内容，最可能来自报纸。故选B。
38．A 39．B 40．D 41．C 42．C
【导语】本文以地球母亲的口吻写给人类一封信，介绍了地球上的生物多样性，批评人类破坏环境、伤害动物的行为，表达了对生态平衡的担忧，呼吁人类与动物和谐共处。
38．细节理解题。根据信件开头“First, let me tell you more about my family”可知，地球母亲首先介绍了她的大家庭。故选A。
39．细节理解题。根据信件内容，人类存在的问题包括：① 聪明但对动物不友好(“You are great...But you don’t love me”和伤害动物的行为)③ 不爱地球母亲(“you don’t love me”)文中未提及人类有不同需求的问题。故选B。
40．词义猜测题。根据“All of you are equal”的上下文，强调人类和动物都是地球的孩子，应该是平等的关系。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据“I’m afraid that you’ll have no brothers or sisters one day”等表述，可见地球母亲对人类的做法感到担忧。故选C。
42．推理判断题。通读全文，特别是“Can you and all the animals live together happily ”可知，地球母亲写信的目的是呼吁人类友好对待动物。故选C。
43．B 44．B 45．C 46．C 47．C
【导语】本文介绍一些节约用水的方法。
43．推理判断题。根据“Water is a precious resource, but many people don’t realize how much water they waste every day.”可知，因为水是宝贵的资源，所以节约用水是很重要的。故选B。
44．细节理解题。根据“First, fix any leaky faucets or pipes in your home.”可知，如果水龙头漏水，你应该修理它。故选B。
45．细节理解题。根据“Second, take shorter showers. A five-minute shower uses less water than a long bath. You can also install a low-flow showerhead to reduce water usage.”可知，为了减少淋浴时的用水量，你可以缩短淋浴时间，也可以安装一个低流量的喷头。故选C。
46．细节理解题。根据“You can use a barrel to collect rainwater and use it to water your plants or wash your car.”可知，你可以用雨水来浇灌你的植物或洗车。故选C。
47．细节理解题。根据“Fifth, use a dishwasher or washing machine only when they are full.”可知，只有在洗碗机或洗衣机满了的时候才使用。故选C。
48．A 49．D 50．C 51．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了1997年一艘载有乐高玩具的船遭遇暴风雨，导致数百万乐高积木落入海洋，至今仍能在欧洲海滩上找到这些积木，并由此引发对海洋塑料污染问题的思考。
48．细节理解题。根据文章第1段首句“Do you know about Lego toys ”可知，作者以提问方式开篇。故选A。
49．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“If beach visitors find one, they will be very excited.”可知，游客会感到兴奋。故选D。
50．推理判断题。根据文章第3段Tracey Williams的话“Later, we felt sad because we saw all the other plastics in the ocean…”可知，寻找乐高的活动让她注意到海洋塑料问题。故选C。
51．最佳标题。全文围绕1997年落入海洋的乐高玩具至今仍未被分解、持续影响环境展开，D项“Lego Toys from 1997 Are Still in the Ocean”最贴合主题。故选D。
52．A 53．C 54．B 55．C 56．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了水循环的过程及其重要性。
52．细节理解题。根据“The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle...”（水循环，也称为水文循环……）可推知，水循环的另一个名称是“水文循环”。故选A。
53．细节理解题。根据“The sun heats up water in rivers, lakes, and oceans. This causes the water to evaporate...”（太阳加热河流、湖泊和海洋中的水，这导致水蒸发……）可推知，太阳是导致水蒸发的原因。故选C。
54．细节理解题。根据“As it goes higher, the air gets cooler.”（随着水蒸气上升，空气变得更冷。）可推知，水蒸气上升时温度会降低。故选B。
55．细节理解题。根据“When the water droplets in the clouds get too heavy, they fall back to the Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. This is called precipitation.”（当云中的水滴变得太重时，它们会以雨、雪、雨夹雪或冰雹的形式落回地球。这被称为降水。）可推知，降水是指从云中落下的雨、雪、雨夹雪或冰雹。故选C。
56．细节理解题。根据“The water cycle is very important. It helps to distribute water around the Earth. It also helps to purify water.”（水循环非常重要。它有助于在全球范围内分配水，也有助于净化水。）可推知，水循环的重要性包括分配水和净化水。故选C。
57．B 58．A 59．B 60．C 61．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了水污染的严重性、成因、危害及解决措施。
57．细节理解题。根据“It is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.”（水污染是指湖泊、河流、海洋和地下水等水体的污染）可推知，水污染的本质是水体被污染。故选B。
58．细节理解题。根据“One of the main causes is industrial waste.”（主要成因之一是工业废水）可推知，工业废物是水污染的主要来源之一。故选A。
59．细节理解题。根据“Farmers use fertilizers and pesticides...these chemicals can wash into rivers and lakes”（农民使用化肥和农药……这些化学物质会流入河流和湖泊）可推知，农业径流含有化肥和农药。故选B。
60．细节理解题。根据“It can kill fish...unfit for human use”（它会杀死鱼类……不适合人类使用）可推知，水污染的危害包括A和B两项。故选C。
61．细节理解题。根据“Governments should make stricter laws...improve sewage treatment...reduce waste”（政府应制定更严格的法律……改善污水处理……减少废物）可推知，所有选项（A、B、C）均为解决措施。故选D。
62．B 63．E 64．A 65．D 66．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了如何通过日常习惯培养孩子成为环保人士的几种方法。
62．根据“Taking care of the earth is a huge duty…Pay attention to their daily habits”及下文列举的具体方法可知，此处应是一个承上启下的过渡句，选项B“即使小的改变，长期来看也能产生很大影响”符合语境，故选B。
63．根据“Get your kids to prepare snacks and meals with the food from your garden”可知，这是在描述让孩子参与实践的方法，选项E“这也是让孩子动手实践的好方法”符合语境，故选E。
64．根据“And it creates a fun experience for you and your family.”可知，这是在介绍另一种节能方式的好处，选项A“这是节约能源的好方法”符合语境，故选A。
65．根据“Leaving the water running uses up about 2-4 gallons of water each minute”可知，此处应是与节水相关的建议，选项D“挑战你的孩子在刷牙时关掉水龙头”符合语境，故选D。
66．根据“Each day, have your child color in a few inches of space…to represent how much water they’ve saved”可知，这是在描述可视化节水效果的方法，选项C“通过在一张纸上画一个大罐子让这个更明显”符合语境，故选C。
67．C 68．B 69．C 70．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了世界地球日的起源、发展及其重要意义，呼吁人们保护地球环境。
67．细节理解题。根据“in September 1969, at a conference in Seattle, Washington, Senator Gaylord Nelson announced that in the spring of 1970, there would be a nationwide environmental activity.”可知，1969年9月，参议员盖洛德·尼尔森在华盛顿州西雅图的一次会议上宣布了地球日的概念。故选C。
68．细节理解题。根据“On April 22nd, 1970, World Earth Day was first observed.”可知，第一个世界地球日是在1970年4月22日庆祝的。故选B。
69．推理判断题。文章围绕地球日的起源、发展和环保主题展开，内容与环境保护相关，因此最可能出自环境类杂志。故选C。
70．最佳标题题。全文围绕地球日的背景、活动和意义展开，核心主题是“地球日”。故选B。
71．B 72．D 73．A 74．C 75．E
【导语】本文介绍了水的重要性、存在形式、水循环过程、在人类生活和自然中的作用，以及当前面临的水资源威胁，最后呼吁节约用水。
71．根据“Water is essential for all living things on Earth.”及“It exists in three forms: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapour).”可知，此处介绍水在地球上的覆盖面积，选项B“它覆盖了地球的70%以上。”符合语境。故选B。
72．根据“The water cycle ensures that water moves continuously between the Earth and the atmosphere.”及“When water evaporates, it rises into the sky and forms clouds. Later, it falls back as rain or snow.”可知，此处介绍水循环，选项D“这个自然过程被称为水循环。”符合语境。故选D。
73．根据“In agriculture, water helps crops grow, and in industries, it’s used for cooling machinery and making products.”可知，此处介绍水对农业和工业等大规模活动的重要性，选项A“水对日常生活和大规模活动都至关重要。”符合语境。故选A。
74．根据“Even our bodies depend on water—blood is mostly water, and our cells need it to stay alive.”及“Studies show that losing just 2% of your body’s water can make you feel tired and less focused.”可知，此处介绍水对人类身体的重要性，选项C“事实上，一个人没有食物可以存活数周，但没有水只能存活数天。”符合语境。故选C。
75．根据“Sadly, pollution and climate change are threatening water supplies.”可知，此处介绍水资源的现状，且与下文“污染和气候变化威胁着水资源供应”形成转折，选项E“然而，许多人浪费水，却没有意识到它的真正价值。”符合语境。故选E。
76．E 77．C 78．B 79．A 80．D
【导语】本文提出日常环保建议，包括减少开车、节约水电等，强调微小改变对环境的重大意义。
76．根据“we use and throw away…protect the environment”可知，此处需引出“保护环境”，选项E“对我们来说，是时候思考如何改变对地球的影响了”符合语境。故选E。
77．根据“Drive our cars less…walk or ride a bike”可知，需补充减少开车的意义，选项C“这是减少空气污染的好方法”符合。故选C。
78．根据“Carpooling…spend more time with friends”可知，需总结出行方式优点，选项B“有许多出行方式”衔接上文。故选B。
79．根据“turn off small machines…save energy”可知，此处需具体节电措施，选项A“我们离开房间时关灯”符合语境。故选A。
80．根据“make a small change”可知，此处需升华主题，选项D“人类一小步是环境一大步”呼应末句。故选D。
81．C 82．B 83．A 84．D 85．E
【导语】本文主要讲述了地球上的水资源虽然丰富，但可供使用的淡水却很少，且许多水源正受到严重污染。文章分析了污染的原因，并呼吁人们采取措施保护水源。
81．根据“only less than one percent of it can be used”可知，只有不到1%的水可以被利用，此处应说明水资源紧缺的原因，选项C“很遗憾，一些水资源正在被污染”符合语境。故选C。
82．根据“Many people are throwing all kinds of dirty things into the water.”可知，此处是介绍污染水资源的具体行为，选项B“工厂正在将废弃物排入水中”符合语境。故选B。
83．根据“Who is willing to drink the polluted water ”可知，此处解释不愿意喝污染水的原因，选项A“它可能导致我们生病，甚至死亡”符合语境。故选A。
84．根据“In my opinion, we shouldn’t throw away rubbish here and there”可知，此处是介绍保护水资源该怎么做，选项D“我们应该做什么来保持水源的清洁，并防止它们被污染”符合语境。故选D。
85．根据“In my opinion, we shouldn’t throw away rubbish here and there.”可知，此处应补充制止他人乱扔垃圾的行为，选项E“当我们看到有人这样做时，我们应该有足够的勇气阻止他们”符合语境。故选E。
86．C 87．A 88．B 89．D 90．E
【导语】本文介绍了世界最大的雨林——亚马逊雨林的面积、结构、动植物种类及面临的环境问题。
86．根据前文“The world’s largest and also the most famous rainforest”的表述可知，需要强调其全球地位，选项C“亚马逊雨林位居地球首位”准确呼应了开篇定义，符合语境，故选C。
87．根据“The rainforest has an area of over 5.5 million square kilometers.”可知前文面积数据和后文生物多样性描述可知，需要过渡句，选项A“在亚马逊雨林中有数百万种植物和动物.”与“an area of over 5.5 million square kilometers”呼应并补充信息，符合语境，故选A。
88．根据“It often rains in the rainforest, so the rain washes away the soil.”可知，下文应描述雨林土壤的特点，选项B“雨林的土壤很薄.”解释了“the rain washes away the soil”的结果，符合语境，故选B。
89．根据“It is said that there is a kind of fish in the Amazon River...”可知，此处继续介绍亚马逊雨林的危险动物，选项D“陆地上有许多世界上最大的动物.”补充说明除了水中的鱼，陆地上也有大型危险动物，符合语境，故选D。
90．根据“Environmentalists around the world took steps to save the Amazon Rainforest...”可知，此处应重申亚马逊雨林的重要性，选项E“亚马逊是世界上最大的雨林.”与“save the Amazon Rainforest”呼应，强调它的重要地位，符合语境，故选E。
91．A 92．F 93．D 94．C 95．E
【导语】本文讲述了人们为了节约用水采用的措施、浪费水的危害，以及我们为了节约水可以做到的事情。
91．根据“It is not a difficult question to answer.”可知此处提出了一个问题，A项“然而，到底多少是太多了？”符合语境。故选A。
92．根据“They show them ways they can cut back on water use.”可知此处是一些减少人们用水的方法，F项“他们还增加了用水量过多的人的水费。”符合语境。故选F。
93．根据“What’s more, they carry out programs that offer money to reduce water use. For example, they give people shower heads and toilets that use less water. ”可知此处是限制人们用水的最后一个方法，D项“最后，他们制定了控制用水的法律。”符合语境。故选D。
94．根据“We can save lots of water by not letting taps run while we are brushing our teeth or by turning off tap right away after washing hands. By collecting the cold water when we’re taking warm showers, we can also save water. ”可知这里是为了节约用水，我们能做的事情，C项“我们可以做几件事来节约用水。”符合语境。故选C。
95．根据“In this way, we can make full use of water.”可知这里是节约用水的方法，E项“我们不必让冷水一直流到温热为止。”符合语境。故选E。
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