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一;时间状语从句 when ,while , as, after, before, since, till, until, the moment, hardly… when …, no sooner… than…
从属连词 when, while与 as
连词 用法 谓语动词 意义 例句
When 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。可以指时间的 某个点， 也指一段时间 延续性动词非延续性动词 当…时候 When they heard the news , they all jumped with joy. I owed Jack $ 100 when i was in London
as 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，可以指时间的某个点， 也只一段时间。 延续性动词非延续性动词 随着… 一边… 一边 当…时候 The students sang as they walked . As he stood up, he dropped the glass , breaking.
while 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生强调一段时间。从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态。 延续性动词 当…时候 当…期间 When i was reading , he came in . I made some foreign friends while i was in London .
注：when还可以作并列连词， 其意义为“那是，这是“， 相当于and at this / that time. 常用于下列句式中：
sb. was doing sth. When …某人正在干某事就在这时…
Sb. was about to / going to do sth. When…某人正在打算干某事就在这时…
Sb. has just done sth. when…某人刚干了某事就在这时…前面的3，4，5题就是此用法。
2）when 还可以表示“既然“如：
Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already
3）while 作为并列连词“而“”却“：表示对比
They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldn’t .
while 当… 时候 和… 同时
strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁
2. 从属连词 : as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment , the minute , no sooner … than … , hardly / scarcely … when …, once .这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生， 主句的动作随即就发生， 意为“一就”。从句中一般时态代替将来时态。
I had hardly got home when it began to rain .
->I had no sooner got home than it began to rain .
->Hardly had I got home when it began to rain
->No sooner had I got home when it began to rain
3. until, till ( not …until / till 直到…才)
连词 用法 动词 意义 例句
Till/ until 主句和从句都用肯定式 主句的动词为连续性动词 一直…为止 I will stay here till/ until the rain stops
Not … till/ until 主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式 主句的动词为非连续性动词 直到…才 He didn’t go home till/ until he finished his homework .
二：地点状语从句
1. 常用的词有where （在…地方）wherever （无论在什么地方）等。指具体地点时， 从句可用与主句之前或之后， 表示抽象条件时， 从句必须放在主句前。如
1）. The university graduates are determined to go wherever they are needed most .
那些大学生们决心去最需要他们的地方
2）. They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight .
他们在阳光雨水充分的地方植树
3）Where there is a will , there is a way
有志者是竟成.
2. 注意区分 引导的定语从句与状语从句。
你最好再有标记的地方做个标记。
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions （状语从句）
You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions (定语从句)
You’d better make a mark at what are important (宾语从句)
三：条件状语从句
引导词为;if, unless，as/ so long as , once, in case , on condition that , supposing (that ) , providing (that ), provided (that ), given (that) 等。在条件状语从句中， 用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。
eg: Unless you have tried it . you can’t imaging how pleasant it is
Once environmental damage is done , it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover .
You had better take something when you go to see the doctor in case you have you wait.
原因状语从句
常见的引导词有：because因为 as 由于since 既然由于 now that 既然由于 not that…but that 不是因为…而是因为
Now that you have got a chance , you might as well make full use of it
Since everybody knows about it . I don’t want to talk any more .
从属连词的区别
位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调
Because 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能
As由于 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能
Since /now/ that既然 主句前
主句前 if/when 主句前或后
第五、让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though（虽然）,although （虽然）,even if （即使）,even though （即使）, as( 尽管）, while（虽然）whether… or （无论…还是）no matter +疑问词（无论）。
1. though 或although 引导让步状语从句。
although 与though 两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still 后nevertheless 连用，但不能 和but 连用。如：
He is unhappy though / although he has a lot of money .
虽然他有许多钱，但他并不幸福。
2. 当作“尽管，虽然”的意思讲引导让步状语从句时，从句往往放在主句的前面，而且用作让步的部分（表语，状语或动词原形）总提前到句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。如
Child as he is , he knows a lot
尽管他是孩子，他却懂得很多。
Old as he is , he is still energetic.
尽管他老了，却依然精力充沛。
Try as he might , he couldn’ solve the problem.
尽管他努力了，但他还是无法解决这个问题
Much as you suspected him , you couldn’t provide powerful evidence
虽然你非常怀疑他，但是你却无法提供有力的证据
3. whether .. or （不管…）
疑问词+ever与 no matter +疑问词（不管…无论…）however （不管怎样），whatever（无论什么），whoever （无论谁）。no matter when (how, what , who , where , which )无论何时（怎样，什么， 谁， 何地， 哪个）等
第六、 方式状语从句
常用的引导词有as(如同，按照) as if（似乎，仿佛） as though（似乎，仿佛）等。 如：
He speak English almost as a native speaker does .
他的英文几乎讲得如同讲英语母语的人一样。
He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.
他讲英文的样子似乎像说英语母语的人
She looked unwell as though she got a bad cold .
她看上去身体不舒服好像患有重感冒。
In this reading room you can rea anything as everyone does here .
在这间阅览室里，你可以像这儿的每一个人一样想看什么看什么。
When you are in Rome , do as the Romans do （入乡随俗）
第七、目的状语从句
目的状语从句
常见的引导词有so that( 以便) , in order that( 为了), lest(以免,以防) in case( 以免,以防) for fear(以免,以防) 等.
Pop music is such an important part of society that it has even influenced our language
such .. that / so .. that “为如此…以致于”此句意为”流行音乐在社会上起这么重要的作用以至于已经影响了我们的语言.
第八、结果状语从句
常用的引导词有 that (结果…以致) ,so that( 结果,以致),so …that (如此..以至), such … that ( 如此..以至)
辨析 : such…that / so .. that
Such + a/ an +adj. +可数名词单数+ that
Such+(+adj.) +可数名词复数+ that
Such +(+adj.) +不可数名词+ that
So +adj /adv.+that …
so +adj. +a/ an +单数可数名词+that …
so many /few +可数名词复数+that …
so much /little +不可数名词+that …
*当so 或 such 至于句首时 主句要用倒装语序，一般为：So+形容词或副词+助动词+主语，如上面的高考题;再如
So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
第九、 比较状语从句
常见的引导词有than (比…)as… as (如… 一样) the+比较级, the +比较级…”(越…越)等.如
1. He is taller than his brother
2. The more they discover about the brain , the more questions they can’t answer in that area.
第十、状语从句的省略
一般说来，省略现象多出现于下列五种状语从句中：由when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由if, unless, whether等引导的条件状语从句；由though, although, even if/though, wh-ever, however等引导的让步状语从句；由as, than等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if/though等引导的方式状语从句。
上述状语从句在省略时，并不是任何成分都可以省略，而是遵循一定的原则：
①当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和 be动词，如：
(06GD) No matter how frequently (they are) performed, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
(05BJ) When (he was) asked by the police, he said that he remembered arriving ar the party, but not leaving.
(05全国卷II) While watching television, we heard the doorbell ring.
(05FJ)When offered help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”
(04HB) When compared with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
(04JL) When (they were) fisrt introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
(02SH) Though (they were)lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.
Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret.
He looked around as if (he was) in search of something.
While (I was) walking on the street, I heard my name called.
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.
He opened his lips as is (he were) to speak.
注意：当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略：
Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.
②当从句中的主语是，谓语动词又包含be动词时，可以把和be动词一起省略。如：
Unless (it is) possible, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
③常见的ift的省略句式有:if any , if ever, if not, if so等。如：
Errors, if any, should be corrected.
Tom is seldom//rarely, if ever, absent from school.
Get up early tomorrow. If not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first bus.
Get up early tomorrow. If so(you get up early), you will catch the first bus.
练习：
1. (2021 全国乙) I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom ______necessary.
2. (2021 江苏改编) This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for ______.
3. (2021 天津改编) We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school.
4. (2021 新高考全国)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _______ (hot) the spring!
5. (2021 浙江) When the house was built, it was much _________ (small) than it is today.
6. (2020 全国Ⅲ) _______ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
7. (2020 浙江) Farming produced more food per person _________ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.
8. (2020 江苏改编) They decide to have more workers for the project so ________ it won’t be delayed.
9. (2020﹒天津改编)—Why do people like pop music I hate it so much.
—__________though it is not your style, that doesn’t mean it is bad.
10. (2019 天津改编) Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _________ he wants their support.
11.（2019 江苏改编) The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in __________ they need medical assistance.
12. (2019 全国III) On our way to the house，it was raining __________ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
13. (2018 北京改编)_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
14.(2018 江苏改编) _______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
(2018 全国I)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ______ walking, cycling or swimming.
16. (2018 全国III)Corn uses less water ______ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
17. (2018 全国II) The games my parents taught me _______ I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
18. (2017 江苏改编) Located _______ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
19. The little boy won’t go to sleep _________his mother tells him a story.
20. Tom was about to close the windows_________ his attention was caught by a bird.
21. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _______ he wanted to sit next to his wife.
22. Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break _________ she got to her office.
23. I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
24. _________serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
25. How can you expect to learn anything _________ you never listen
26.She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
27. His plan was such a good one _________we all agreed to accept it.
28. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _________I heard the steps.
29. He was about halfway through his meal _________a familiar voice came to his ears.
30. _________ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.
31. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _________ we meet them again.
32. He was told that it would be at least three more months _________ he could recover and return to work.
33. Pop music is such an important part of society _________ it has even influenced our language.
34. _________the weather is like tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao.
35. I'd like to study law at university ________ my cousin prefers geography.
36. Strange _________ it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
37. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _________full one’s schedule is in life.
38.“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” _________ the old saying goes.
39. I have heard a lot of good things about you _________I came back from abroad.
40. I had hardly got to the office _________ my wife phone me to go back home at once.
41. A number of high buildings have arisen _________ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
42. All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
43. Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
44. Tom looked upon the test as an obstacle _______ his classmates regarded it as a challenge.
45. It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park.
46. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time _________ Brian gets back.
47.Nancy enjoyed herself so much _________ she visited her friends
48. _________well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
49. I would appreciate it _______ you call back this afternoon for the doctor's appointment.
50. He rushed out of the room _________I could say a word.
51. __________the president is in favor of the plan or not, we will carry it out.
52. After the war, a new school building was put up ________ there had once been a theatre.
53. They promised to develop a software package, _________ difficulty they might have.
54. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years _________ I enjoyed myself so much.
55. Once __________(print), this dictionary will be very popular.
56. He speaks English so fluently as if he _________(be) a native speaker.
57. If it ____________(rain) tomorrow, we won't go fishing.
58. Not until he told me the truth did I realize what _____________(happen).
59. No sooner _________he ________(arrive) home than it began to rain.
60. The harder you work, the greater progress you_________(make).
61.When first ________( introduce )to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
62. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ (question) at the meeting by my boss.
63. When ________ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
64.Generally speaking, when________( take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
65. Unless ________(invite ) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
66.Though ________ (lack) money, his parents man-aged to send him to university.
67. The research is so designed that once ________(begin), nothing can be done to change it.
68.1.whenever 2.whatever 3.whether 4.hotter 5.smaller 6.As/When 7.than 8.that 9.Even 10.unless 11.case 12.so 13.If 14.Unless 15.than 16.than 17.when 18.where 19.unless 20.when 21.because 22.when 23.because 24.However 25.when 26.when 27.that 28.when 29.when 30.If 31.before 32.before 33.that 34.Whatever 35.while 36.as/though 37.how 38.as 39.since 40.when 41.where 42.unless 43.as/though 44.while 45.whether 46.before 47.when 48.However 49.if 50.before 51.Whether 52.where 53.whatever 54.since 55.printed 56.were 57.rains 58.had happened 59.had, arrived 60.will make 61.introduced 62.questioned pleted 64.taken 65.invited 66.lacking 67.begun

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