资源简介

时态 主动 被动 意义 例句
一般 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或之后发生 The lab is said to be repaired.
进行 to be doing 谓语动作发生时不定式的动作正进行 He pretended to be reading a book.
完成 to have done to have been done 先于谓语动作发生 She appears to have been told everything.
不定式
不定式的结构
二：否定 not/never to do sth
三: 成分
1.作主语(常用it做形式主语)
1)① It is easy/important/difficult/hard/ convenient/necessary…___ (for /of) sb to do sth
②It's foolish/kind/cruel ___(for /of ) sb to do...
eg: It is easy to work out this problem.
2) It is＋名词(a pleasure/a pity/ one's duty/a shame/a rule...)＋to do sth
eg. It’s a shame to make such a mistake
3) It takes (sb.) some time to do sth eg. It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
2.作宾语
1)常用it做形式宾语: I found it easy to work out this problem.
2) hope /want to do…
agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， plan (打算，计划)； demand； promise (答应)； help (帮忙)； prepare (准备)； decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)； dare (敢于)； choose (选择)； wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)； fail (不能；忘记)； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)； determine(决心）(+ to do)
3) have no choice but to do… have nothing to do but/except do…(前do后不to)
can do nothing but/except do… eg:I have no choice/option/alternative/ but/except to wait.
作表语
1) (one’s duty/hope/wish/dream/purpose/aim is/was to do…
His dream is to become an actor.
2)All that/What sb. can/could do is （to）… eg:What I can do is （to） help you.
3) The most important thing is /was to do…
eg:The most important thing is to make great progress.
4.作后置定语
1)当名词前有序数词，最高级或next/only等修饰时，其后面常用不定式修饰
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
2)不定式之后有介词与其修饰的名词有介宾关系时，介词不能省。
He is easy to get on with. The chair is comfortable to sit on. I have a pen to write with.
3)主动表被动
With a lot of problems to settle,he is having a hard time.
I have lots of things to do.
5.作状语
1) 作目的状语（in order to/so as to）
2) ①作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，V-ing表示自然而然的结果。
He hurried to the airport only to be told the film stars had left.
There are many places of interest in Beijing, such as the Great Wall ,the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace and so on,making it a popular tourism city all over the world.
② You are old enough to take care of yourself.
③You are too young to take care of yourself.
I was really a fool not to listen to you at that moment.
4) He opened his lips, as though/if to speak.
6.作宾补
不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，wish，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn (+ sb to do sth)
四：时态
1.It is said /believed/reported/announced that主语..=主语 be said /believed/reported/announced to do…
It is said that he came here yesterday.=He is said to have come here yesterday.
It is said that he has learned 10000 words .=He is said to have learned…
It is said that he is writing a novel.=He is said to be writing a novel.
2. It appears/seems that 主语…=主语+seem /appear to do sth. 似乎
It appears that she was told everything. =She appears to have been told everything.
It appears that she did it/she has done it.=She appears to have done it.
3. It happens that 主语… =主语+happens/happened to do…碰巧
It happens that he knew the boy.= He happens to have known the boy.
4.Would like/love to have done…本想做但没做
I would like to have gone to the party, but I had an unexpected visitor.
5.hoped/intended/meant/expected/planned/thought to have done…
= had hoped to do…. 本希望/打算/期望/计划/认为..
I had hoped to save more money.=I hoped to have saved more money.
我本来希望能够存更多的钱的。
五：语态 He wants the letters to be typed.
主动表被动
1.主+系+形容词+to do (形容词是表示主语性质的词如light/heavy/difficult/hard/easy/comfortable/fit)
The box is heavy to carry. It’s heavy to carry the box.
2 With a lot of work to do, he can’t go out.
3.sb. be to blame sb应受谴责/应负责任
He was not the one (who was) to blame.
4.主+want/require/need to be done/doing The machine needs repairing/to be repaired.
六： 特殊疑问词+to do 常做主语宾语
What to do next hasn’t been decided. I’m at a loss what to do first.
The question is where to build the bridge. Will you advise me which to buy
七.不定式的省略
（一）不定式的省略通常保留到to.
eg:1)---Are you and Jane getting married？ ---We hope to．
2)---Will you join me in a walk？ ---I‘ll be happy to．
注意：如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be , have(助动词) , have been ,这些词要保留。
eg:1)---- Are you a teacher --- No, I used to be .
---- I didn’t tell him the news . --- Oh, you ought to have .
二）****使役动词和感官动词后作宾补省略to。 我们可以用：“ 一感、二听、三使、四看” 一感(feel ) 、二听( hear /,listen to )、三使（let, make , have）、四看( observe , see, watch，notice)注意：在被动语态中to 不能省掉。
eg. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.
**** to来to去真奇怪，主动语态它离去被动语态它回来。
跟踪练习:
---The last one __________ (arrive) pays the meal.
--- Agreed.
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need ________________ (repair).
Many of the world’s great novels are reported ____________ (make) into films last year.
___________ (sleep)late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
Zhang zhen doesn’t have to be made ____________(learn). He always works hard.
Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ______________ (improve) in
a short period.
I feel it’s your husband who_________________ (blame) for the spoiled child.
8. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________ (make) in Australia but brought in from New Zealand.
9. _________ (improve) the employee’s working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.
10. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just __________( have) a look at the
sports stars.
All these gifts must be mailed immediately ________________ (receive) in time for Christmas.
12. Mrs Smith warned her daughter __________________(never , drive) after drinking.
13. The patient was warned __________________(not, eat) oily food after the operation.
14. The workers want us __________________(work) together with them.
15. They would not allow him ______________ (risk) going across the enemy line.
16. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________________________(选哪个).
17. ---“ Have you decided when _____________（leave） ”
　 ---“ Yes, tomorrow morning.”
18. Last summer, I took a course on how____________ (make) dresses.
19. He doesn’t know whether ___________ (stay) or not.
20. The problem _______________ (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.
21. He reached the station only _______________(tell) that the train had just left.
22. I’m sorry I forgot _________________(take) your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.
23. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______________ (eat).
24. I prefer ____________ (read) rather than watch.
25. It is not easy_______________ ( catch) fish with your hands only.
26. I can’t thank you enough ______________ (help) me.
27. The air here is good __________________ (breathe)
28.With a lot of problems _____________( settle), he is having a hard time.
29. A law on public health coming into effect in June required all public locations _________________
(provide) first aid equipment.
He could hardly wait ________________ (share) his trip.
31.He is old enough _________ (join) the army.
Keys: 1. to arrive 2.to be repaired/repairing 3.to have been made 4.To sleep
5.to learn 6.improved 7.is to blame 8.to be made 9.To improve 10..to have
11.to be received 12.never to drive 13.not to eat 14. to work 15.to risk
16. which to choose 17.to leave 18. to make 19.to stay 20. to be discussed
21.to be told 22.to take 23.to eat 24.to read 25. to catch 26.to help
27.to breathe 28.to settle 29.to provide 30.to share

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