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译林版 九上 Unit 4 Growing up. 同步词汇笔记
序号 单词 词形变化 派生词 核心考点 例句
1 on one's mind 挂在心上；惦念（短语） N/A N/A on one's mind 挂在心上；惦念 1. The safety of her children is always on her mind.（她孩子的安全总是挂在她心上。）2. Don't worry—your problem isn't on my mind all the time.（别担心，我没有一直惦念你的问题。）
2 time /ta m/ n. 时期，时代 复数：times 1. timely adj. 及时的2. timeless adj. 永恒的 1. in one's free time 在某人的空闲时间2. on time 准时3. in time 及时4. at the same time 同时 1. We usually read books in our free time.（我们通常在空闲时间看书。）2. The train arrived at the station on time.（火车准时到达了车站。）
3 whenever /wen'ev (r)/ conj. 无论何时 N/A N/A whenever 引导时间状语从句（“无论何时”，相当于 no matter when） 1. You can call me whenever you need help.（无论何时你需要帮助，都可以给我打电话。）2. Whenever he visits his grandparents, he brings them fruit.（无论何时去看望祖父母，他都会带水果。）
4 through /θru:/ prep. 以，凭借 N/A 1. thorough adj. 彻底的2. throughout prep. 遍及 1. through + 名词（表“通过/凭借某种方式”）2. go through 经历；浏览3. look through 浏览 1. He learned English through watching English movies.（他凭借看英文电影学习英语。）2. We went through many difficulties last year.（去年我们经历了很多困难。）
5 as soon as 一……就（短语） N/A N/A as soon as 引导时间状语从句（主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主句用过去时，从句也用过去时） 1. I will call you as soon as I get home.（我一到家就给你打电话。）2. She started cooking as soon as her husband came back.（她丈夫一回来，她就开始做饭。）
6 deal /di:l/ n. 很多 复数：deals（注：deal 作动词时，过去式/过去分词为 dealt，但此处作名词“很多”） N/A 1. a great deal (of) 大量，许多（后接不可数名词）2. make a deal 达成协议 1. He spent a great deal of time on his homework.（他花了大量时间做家庭作业。）2. The two companies finally made a deal yesterday.（这两家公司昨天终于达成了协议。）
7 a great deal (of) 大量，许多（短语） N/A N/A a great deal of + 不可数名词（表“大量的”，相当于 a lot of/lots of） 1. This project needs a great deal of money.（这个项目需要大量资金。）2. She has a great deal of experience in teaching.（她在教学方面有丰富的经验。）
8 *junior high /'d u:ni (r) ha / n. ＜美＞初级中学 N/A N/A in junior high 在初级中学attend junior high 上初级中学 1. He made many friends when he was in junior high.（他上初级中学时交了很多朋友。）2. She will attend a new junior high next semester.（下学期她将去一所新的初级中学上学。）
9 try out for sth 参加……选拔（或试演）（短语） N/A N/A try out for sth 参加……选拔（或试演）（for 后接选拔/试演的对象，如 team, role 等） 1. She decided to try out for the lead role in the play.（她决定参加这部戏剧主角的试演。）2. Many students tried out for the school football team.（很多学生参加了学校足球队的选拔。）
10 lose heart 泄气，灰心（短语） N/A N/A lose heart 泄气，灰心（不可用于被动语态，主语通常为人）never lose heart 永不灰心 1. Don't lose heart—keep trying and you will succeed.（别灰心，继续努力，你一定会成功。）2. He lost heart when he failed the exam again.（当他再次考试失利时，他泄气了。）
11 score /sk :(r)/ vt. ＆ vi. 得分 过去式：scored过去分词：scored第三人称单数：scores scorer n. 得分者 1. score + 数字 + goals/points 得……分（进球/得分）2. score a goal 进球得分3. score high 得高分 1. He scored three goals in the football match.（他在足球比赛中进了三个球。）2. She scored high in the math exam last week.（上周她数学考试得了高分。）
12 *senior high /'si:ni (r) ha / n. ＜美＞高级中学 N/A N/A in senior high 在高级中学graduate from senior high 从高级中学毕业 1. They often play basketball together in senior high.（他们上高级中学时经常一起打篮球。）2. He will graduate from senior high next year.（他明年将从高级中学毕业。）
13 *stand /st nd/ n. 看台 复数：stands（注：stand 作动词时，过去式/过去分词为 stood，但此处作名词“看台”） N/A in the stands 在看台上sit in the stands 坐在看台上 1. Many fans cheered for the team in the stands.（很多球迷在看台上为球队欢呼。）2. We sat in the stands to watch the basketball game.（我们坐在看台上看篮球比赛。）
14 change one's mind 改变主意（短语） N/A N/A change one's mind 改变主意（one's 随主语变化，如 my, his, her 等） 1. She changed her mind and decided to stay at home.（她改变了主意，决定待在家里。）2. He never changes his mind easily.（他从不轻易改变主意。）
15 leader /'li:d (r)/ n. 领导者 复数：leaders lead v. 领导；引领（过去式/过去分词：led）leadership n. 领导力 be a leader 成为一名领导者the leader of... ……的领导者 1. He wants to be a leader who can help others.（他想成为一名能帮助别人的领导者。）2. She is the leader of the school volunteer team.（她是学校志愿队的领导者。）
16 name /ne m/ vt. 命名 过去式：named过去分词：named第三人称单数：names（注：name 作名词“名字”时，复数为 names） 1. named adj. 被命名的2. naming n. 命名 1. name + 宾语 + after sb 以某人的名字命名……2. be named... 被命名为…… 1. They named their son after his grandfather.（他们以孩子祖父的名字给孩子命名。）2. The new park is named Green Park.（这个新公园被命名为格林公园。）
17 university /,ju:ni'vз:s ti/ n. 大学 复数：universities 1. university student 大学生（短语）2. universal adj. 普遍的 1. attend a university 上大学2. graduate from a university 从大学毕业3. go to university 上大学（不加冠词） 1. She will attend a famous university next year.（明年她将上一所著名的大学。）2. His brother graduated from Peking University.（他哥哥毕业于北京大学。）
18 simply /'s mpli/ adv. 仅仅；简直 N/A 1. simple adj. 简单的2. simplicity n. 简单；质朴 1. simply 修饰动词/形容词（表“仅仅；简直”）2. not simply...but... 不仅……而且…… 1. He simply wants to help you, not to blame you.（他仅仅是想帮你，不是要责怪你。）2. The problem is simply too difficult for me.（这个问题对我来说简直太难了。）
19 *junior college /'d u:ni (r) 'k l d / n. ＜美＞两年制专科学校 复数：junior colleges N/A attend a junior college 上两年制专科学校graduate from a junior college 从两年制专科学校毕业 1. He chose to attend a junior college to learn a skill.（他选择上两年制专科学校学习一门技能。）2. Her sister graduated from a junior college last year.（她姐姐去年从两年制专科学校毕业。）
20 national /'n nl/ adj. 国家的 比较级：more national最高级：most national 1. nation n. 国家；民族2. nationality n. 国籍 national + 名词（表“国家的……”，如 flag, team, day 等）national flag 国旗national team 国家队 1. We watched the raising of the national flag on National Day.（国庆节那天我们观看了升国旗。）2. He is a member of the Chinese national basketball team.（他是中国国家篮球队的一员。）
21 *championship /'t mpi n p/ n. 锦标赛，大赛 复数：championships 1. champion n. 冠军2. champion v. 捍卫；支持 win a championship 赢得锦标赛hold a championship 举办锦标赛 1. Their team won the national basketball championship this year.（他们队今年赢得了全国篮球锦标赛冠军。）2. The city will hold an international tennis championship next month.（这个城市下个月将举办一场国际网球锦标赛。）
22 succeed /s k'si:d/ vi. 成功 过去式：succeeded过去分词：succeeded第三人称单数：succeeds 1. success n. 成功2. successful adj. 成功的3. successfully adv. 成功地 succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事（in 后接动词-ing 形式） 1. She succeeded in passing the English exam.（她成功通过了英语考试。）2. The scientists succeeded in developing a new medicine.（科学家们成功研发出了一种新药。）
23 *scholarship /'sk l p/ n. 奖学金 复数：scholarships scholar n. 学者 win a scholarship 赢得奖学金get a scholarship 获得奖学金 1. He won a full scholarship to study abroad.（他赢得了全额奖学金去国外留学。）2. She got a scholarship because of her good grades.（她因为成绩好获得了奖学金。）
24 although / :l' / conj. 尽管，虽然 N/A N/A 1. although 引导让步状语从句（不与 but 连用，但可与 yet/still 连用）2. although 可置于句首或句中 1. Although it rained heavily, we still went to school.（尽管雨下得很大，我们还是去上学了。）2. He is very happy although he has little money.（尽管他没什么钱，他还是很开心。）
25 *graduate /'gr d ue t/ vi. 毕业 过去式：graduated过去分词：graduated第三人称单数：graduates graduation n. 毕业 graduate from + 学校 从……学校毕业graduate in + 专业 毕业于……专业 1. She graduated from Tsinghua University in 2022.（她2022年毕业于清华大学。）2. He graduated in medicine and became a doctor.（他毕业于医学专业，成了一名医生。）
26 force /f :s/ vt. 强迫，迫使 过去式：forced过去分词：forced第三人称单数：forces（注：force 作名词“力量；军队”时，复数为 forces） 1. forced adj. 被迫的2. forceful adj. 有力的 force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事（to 不可省略） 1. His parents didn't force him to choose that major.（他的父母没有强迫他选择那个专业。）2. The bad weather forced us to cancel the picnic.（恶劣的天气迫使我们取消了野餐。）
27 *league /li:g/ n. 联盟，社团 复数：leagues N/A in the league 在联盟里join a league 加入一个联盟 1. His team is one of the best teams in the league.（他的球队是联盟里最好的球队之一。）2. She joined a reading league to make more friends.（她加入了一个读书社团来交更多朋友。）
28 remain /r 'me n/ vi. 逗留；保持不变 过去式：remained过去分词：remained第三人称单数：remains 1. remaining adj. 剩余的2. remainder n. 剩余部分 1. remain + 形容词 保持……状态2. remain in + 地点 逗留在……地方3. remain to be done 有待于被做 1. The temperature remained low all week.（整个星期气温都保持在较低水平。）2. He remained in his room to finish his homework.（他待在房间里完成作业。）
29 take notice of 注意，察觉（短语） N/A N/A take notice of sb/sth 注意/察觉某人/某物（相当于 notice sb/sth） 1. You should take notice of the traffic lights when crossing the road.（过马路时你应该注意交通信号灯。）2. No one took notice of his small changes.（没人察觉到他的细微变化。）
30 achievement / 't i:vm nt/ n. 成就，成绩 复数：achievements 1. achieve v. 实现；取得（过去式/过去分词：achieved）2. achievable adj. 可实现的 make achievements 取得成就an achievement in... 在……方面的成就 1. He made great achievements in the field of science.（他在科学领域取得了巨大成就。）2. Getting good grades is a small achievement for her.（取得好成绩对她来说是一个小小的成就。）
31 *prove /pru:v/ vt. 证明 过去式：proved/proven过去分词：proved/proven第三人称单数：proves proof n. 证据 1. prove + that 从句 证明……2. prove sb right/wrong 证明某人是对的/错的3. prove to be + 形容词 证明是…… 1. He proved that he was innocent with evidence.（他用证据证明自己是无辜的。）2. The experiment proved to be very successful.（这个实验证明非常成功。）
32 matter /'m t (r)/ vi. 要紧，有重大影响 过去式：mattered过去分词：mattered第三人称单数：matters（注：matter 作名词“事情；问题”时，复数为 matters） N/A 1. It doesn't matter. 没关系（用于回应道歉）2. matter + to sb 对某人来说重要 1. —I'm sorry I'm late. —It doesn't matter.（——对不起，我迟到了。——没关系。）2. What he said matters a lot to me.（他说的话对我来说很重要。）
33 *career /k 'r (r)/ n. 生涯，职业 复数：careers N/A 1. one's career 某人的职业生涯2. start a career 开始职业生涯3. have a career in... 在……领域有职业 1. She has had a successful career as a teacher.（她拥有成功的教师职业生涯。）2. He wants to start his career in the music industry.（他想在音乐行业开始自己的职业生涯。）
34 against / 'genst; 'ge nst/ prep. 对抗；与……相反；违反 N/A N/A 1. against + 名词（表“对抗；反对；违反”）2. play against 与……对抗（比赛）3. be against 反对（相当于 disagree with） 1. Our team will play against Class 3 in the football match.（我们队将在足球比赛中对阵三班。）2. He is against changing the plan.（他反对改变计划。）
35 break out 爆发（短语） N/A N/A break out （战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发（无被动语态，主语通常为灾难类名词） 1. A big fire broke out in the forest last night.（昨晚森林里爆发了一场大火。）2. The war broke out when he was only five years old.（战争爆发时他只有五岁。）
36 record /'rek :d/ n. 记录 复数：records（注：record 作动词“记录；录音”时，音标为 /r 'k :d/，过去式/过去分词为 recorded） 1. recorder n. 录音机；记录员2. recording n. 录音；记录 1. set a record 创造记录2. break a record 打破记录3. hold a record 保持记录 1. He set a new record in the 100-meter race.（他在100米赛跑中创造了新纪录。）2. She broke the school record for the long jump.（她打破了学校的跳远纪录。）
37 *symbol /'s mbl/ n. 象征 复数：symbols symbolic adj. 象征的；象征性的 1. a symbol of... ……的象征2. be a symbol of 是……的象征 1. The dove is a symbol of peace.（鸽子是和平的象征。）2. This building has become a symbol of the city.（这座建筑已经成为这座城市的象征。）
38 victory /'v kt ri/ n. 胜利 复数：victories 1. victorious adj. 胜利的2. victor n. 胜利者 1. win a victory 赢得胜利2. achieve a victory 取得胜利3. a victory over... 对……的胜利 1. The team worked hard and finally won a great victory.（这支队伍努力拼搏，最终赢得了重大胜利。）2. Their victory over the strong team surprised everyone.（他们对强队的胜利让所有人都感到惊讶。）
39 spirit /'sp r t/ n. 精神；幽灵，灵魂 复数：spirits（表“精神；情绪”时常用复数，表“灵魂”时常用单数） spiritual adj. 精神的；心灵的 1. team spirit 团队精神2. in high spirits 情绪高涨3. the spirit of... ……的精神 1. We should learn the spirit of hard work from him.（我们应该向他学习勤奋的精神。）2. All the students are in high spirits for the school trip.（所有学生都对学校旅行情绪高涨。）
40 *Jew /d u:/ n. 犹太人 复数：Jews Jewish adj. 犹太的；犹太人的 N/A（初中阶段主要掌握词义及对应的形容词 Jewish） 1. His friend is a Jew who lives in New York.（他的朋友是一位住在纽约的犹太人。）2. Many Jews celebrate the festival of Hanukkah.（很多犹太人庆祝光明节。）
41 go into hiding /'ha d / 躲藏起来（短语） N/A 1. hide v. 躲藏（过去式/过去分词：hid, hidden）2. hiding n. 躲藏；藏匿处 go into hiding 躲藏起来（相当于 hide oneself） 1. They had to go into hiding to avoid being caught.（他们不得不躲藏起来以避免被抓住。）2. The little cat went into hiding under the bed when it saw the dog.（小猫看到狗就躲到床底下了。）
42 *Nazi /'nɑ:tsi/ adj. 纳粹的 N/A N/A（初中阶段主要掌握形容词词义及对应的名词 Nazi“纳粹分子”） Nazi + 名词（表“纳粹的……”，如 party, regime 等） 1. Many people suffered under the Nazi regime.（很多人在纳粹政权下遭受苦难。）2. He wrote a book about the Nazi period in history.（他写了一本关于历史上纳粹时期的书。）
43 die of/from 死于（短语） N/A 1. death n. 死，死亡2. dead adj. 死的3. dying adj. 垂死的 1. die of 死于（疾病、衰老、饥饿等自身原因）2. die from 死于（事故、外伤、污染等外部原因） 1. His grandfather died of old age last year.（他的祖父去年死于衰老。）2. Two people died from a car accident on this road yesterday.（昨天这条路上有两人死于车祸。）
44 German /'d з:m n/ adj. 德国（人）的 比较级：more German最高级：most German（注：German 作名词“德国人；德语”时，复数为 Germans） Germany n. 德国 1. German + 名词（表“德国的；德国人的；德语的”，如 people, language 等）2. the German language 德语3. German people 德国人 1. She is learning the German language at school.（她在学校学习德语。）2. This is a German car made in 2023.（这是一辆2023年生产的德国汽车。）
45 *Nazi /'nɑ:tsi/ n. 纳粹分子 复数：Nazis N/A（初中阶段主要掌握名词词义及对应的形容词 Nazi“纳粹的”） N/A（初中阶段主要掌握词义及复数形式） 1. The Nazis did a lot of harmful things to the world.（纳粹分子对世界做了很多有害的事情。）2. Many people hated the Nazis for their cruelty.（很多人因为纳粹分子的残忍而憎恨他们。）
46 thought /θ :t/ n. 想法，看法，主意 复数：thoughts（注：thought 是 think 的过去式/过去分词，此处作名词） 1. think v. 思考；认为（过去式/过去分词：thought）2. thoughtful adj. 体贴的；深思熟虑的 1. have a thought 有一个想法2. express one's thoughts 表达某人的想法3. in one's thoughts 在某人的思绪中 1. She had a good thought about how to solve the problem.（她有了一个解决这个问题的好想法。）2. He likes to express his thoughts through writing.（他喜欢通过写作表达自己的想法。）
47 *survive /s 'va v/ vt. ＆ vi. 幸存，生存 过去式：survived过去分词：survived第三人称单数：survives 1. survival n. 幸存；生存2. survivor n. 幸存者 1. survive + 灾难/事故 从……中幸存2. survive on 靠……生存（on 后接食物、金钱等） 1. Only a few people survived the terrible earthquake.（只有少数人从那场可怕的地震中幸存下来。）2. They had to survive on dry bread and water for a week.（他们不得不靠干面包和水生存了一个星期。）
48 *admire / d'ma (r)/ vt. 钦佩，羡慕 过去式：admired过去分词：admired第三人称单数：admires 1. admiration n. 钦佩；羡慕2. admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 1. admire sb for sth 因某事钦佩/羡慕某人2. admire sth 钦佩/羡慕某物 1. We all admire her for her courage and kindness.（我们都因她的勇气和善良而钦佩她。）2. He admires the beauty of the natural world.（他羡慕自然界的美丽。）
49 courage /'k r d / n. 勇气 N/A 1. courageous adj. 勇敢的2. encourage v. 鼓励（过去式/过去分词：encouraged） 1. have the courage to do sth 有勇气做某事2. show courage 表现出勇气 1. She has the courage to speak in front of a large crowd.（她有勇气在一大群人面前讲话。）2. He showed great courage when he saved the child.（他救那个孩子时表现出了极大的勇气。）
50 in fear of one's life 为生命安全担忧（短语） N/A 1. fear n. 害怕；恐惧2. fear v. 害怕；担心（过去式/过去分词：feared） in fear of one's life 为生命安全担忧（one's 随主语变化） 1. They lived in fear of their lives during the war.（战争期间，他们一直为生命安全担忧。）2. The poor man was in fear of his life after he saw the crime.（那个穷人看到犯罪行为后，一直为生命安全担忧。）
51 unusual / n'ju: u l; n'ju: l/ adj. 不寻常的 比较级：more unusual最高级：most unusual 1. usual adj. 通常的；平常的2. usually adv. 通常；平常 1. unusual + 名词 不寻常的……2. It's unusual for sb to do sth 某人做某事是不寻常的 1. She has an unusual hobby of collecting old stamps.（她有一个不寻常的爱好——收集旧邮票。）2. It's unusual for him to be late for school.（他上学迟到是很不寻常的事。）
52 *cell /sel/ n. 细胞 复数：cells cellular adj. 细胞的；蜂窝状的 N/A（初中阶段主要掌握“细胞”词义，如 blood cell 血细胞） 1. Human bodies are made up of billions of cells.（人体由数十亿个细胞组成。）2. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of the body.（红细胞把氧气输送到身体的各个部位。）
53 *cancer /'k ns (r)/ n. 癌症 N/A cancerous adj. 癌的；致癌的 1. have cancer 患癌症2. treat cancer 治疗癌症3. fight against cancer 与癌症作斗争 1. His mother had cancer and had to stay in hospital.（他的母亲患了癌症，不得不住院。）2. Doctors are trying their best to treat his cancer.（医生们正在尽全力治疗他的癌症。）
54 surprise /s 'pra z/ n. 惊奇，诧异 复数：surprises（注：surprise 作动词“使惊奇”时，过去式/过去分词为 surprised） 1. surprised adj. 感到惊奇的（修饰人）2. surprising adj. 令人惊奇的（修饰物） 1. to one's surprise 令某人惊奇的是2. in surprise 惊奇地3. give sb a surprise 给某人一个惊喜 1. To my surprise, he passed the exam without studying.（令我惊奇的是，他没学习就通过了考试。）2. She looked at me in surprise when I told her the news.（当我告诉她这个消息时，她惊奇地看着我。）
55 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇的是（短语） N/A 1. surprise n. 惊奇，诧异2. surprised adj. 感到惊奇的3. surprising adj. 令人惊奇的 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇的是（one's 随主语变化，如 my, his, her 等，后接完整句子） 1. To her surprise, all her friends remembered her birthday.（令她惊奇的是，她所有的朋友都记得她的生日。）2. To our surprise, the small boy solved the difficult math problem.（令我们惊奇的是，这个小男孩解出了这道难题。）
56 research /r 'sз:t / n. 研究；调查 复数：researches（较少用，通常为不可数名词）（注：research 作动词“研究；调查”时，过去式/过去分词为 researched） researcher n. 研究者；调查者 1. do research 做研究/调查2. research on/into sth 关于……的研究/调查 1. The scientists are doing research on environmental protection.（科学家们正在做关于环境保护的研究。）2. She spent a month doing research into this problem.（她花了一个月时间调查这个问题。）
57 *death /deθ/ n. 死，死亡 N/A 1. die v. 死（过去式/过去分词：died）2. dead adj. 死的3. dying adj. 垂死的 1. the death of sb 某人的死亡2. die of/from 死于（对应动词短语） 1. The death of his pet dog made him very sad.（他宠物狗的死亡让他很伤心。）2. We were sorry to hear about the death of her grandfather.（听到她祖父去世的消息，我们很伤心。）

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