Unit 4 History and Traditions知识清单素材-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版(2019)必修第二册

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Unit 4 History and Traditions知识清单素材-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版(2019)必修第二册

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必修二unit4知识清单
1. puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑
(1) be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
puzzle (oneself/sb.) over 苦苦思索,绞尽脑汁
(2) puzzled adj. 困惑的;迷惑的
puzzling adj. 令人困惑的,令人迷惑的
puzzlement n. 困惑,苦思
2. join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
(1) join the army/club 参军/加入俱乐部
join in 参加(比赛、活动等)
join sb. in... 和某人一起……
(2) connect...with... 把……和……联系起来
3. break away (from sb./sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱
break down 损坏;发生故障;分解;累垮
break into 破门而入
break out (战争)爆发;(火灾)突然发生
break up 结束;破裂
4. belong to 属于
(1) belong v. 属于;适应
(2) belongings n. 所有物,财产,财物 
belong to中的to是介词,作后置定语时,形式为“...belonging to”。
5. defence n.防御;保卫
(1) in defence of... 保护/保卫……
build up a defence 筑起一道防线
(2) defend vt. 保护;保卫
defend...from/against... 保护/保卫……免受……
6. surround vt.围绕;包围
(1) surround...with... 以……包围……
be surrounded by/with... 被……环绕/包围
(2) surrounding adj. 周围的,附近的
surroundings n. (复数)环境
7. evidence n.证据;证明
(1) There is some evidence that... 有证据证明……
(2) evident adj. 明显的,明白的
It's evident that... 很明显……
8. achievement n.成就;成绩;达到
(1) a sense of achievement 成就感
make an achievement 取得成就
(2) achieve vt.完成;达到;获得;实现;成功 vi.达到预期目的
achieve one's goal 达到目标
9. keep one's eyes open (for)留心,留意
keep an eye on 照看;留神;留意
fix one's eyes on 注视;盯着看
catch one's eyes 引起某人的注意
look sb. in the eyes 直视某人
10. charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电
(1) free of charge 免费
in charge (of) 负责,主管
in the charge (of) (由……)负责,主管
take charge of 负责,主管
(2) charge sb. for sth. 因某事/物收某人的费
charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事
11. announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
(1) announce sth. to sb.=announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事
It's announced that... ` 据宣布……
(2) announcement n. 宣布,声称
make an announcement 宣布,通告
(3) announcer n. 宣告者;播音员;报幕员;解说员
12. amount n.数量;金额 v.总计,共计;相当于,等于
(1) the amount of... ……的数量
(2) a large/small amount of + n.[U]+v.三单 大量的/少量的……
large/small amounts of + n.[U]+ v.复数 大量的/少量的……
(3) amount to 共计,总计;等于,相当于
13. approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近
(1) approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物
be approaching 临近,靠近
(2) (an) approach to 接近,近似;(做某事)的方法(途径)
at the approach of... 在……快到的时候
同义词approach, way, means, method等表达“做某事的方法”时,各自的搭配是:
the approach to (doing) sth.;
the way to do/of (doing) sth.;
the means of (doing) sth.;
the method of (doing) sth.
14. generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的
(1) be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth. 在某方面大方
It's generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很慷慨
(2) generosity n. 慷慨,大方;宽宏大量
15. ensure vt.保证;确保;担保
(1) ensure (that...)=make sure that... 确保/保证……
ensure sb. sth. 确保某人获得某物
(2) be certain/sure of/about/that... 对……有把握
make certain/sure of 确保;弄清楚
16. eager adj.热切的;渴望的
(1) be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
be eager that... (should) do sth. 渴望……做某事
(2) eagerness n. 热切,渴望
(3) eagerly adv. 热切地;渴望地
17. greet vt.问候;迎接
(1) greet sb. with sth. 用……向某人问候
(2) greeting n. 问候,打招呼,致意(常用复数形式greetings表示“问候语,贺词”)
send greetings to 向……致意
18. custom n.风俗;习俗;习惯
(1) customs and habits 风俗习惯
It is the custom for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是一种习俗
(2) customs n. 海关
19. crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤
(1) a crowd of 一大群;许多的
the crowd 人群
(2) crowd into 涌入;挤入
crowd into one's mind 涌入某人的脑海
(3) crowded adj. 拥挤的;塞满的
be crowded with 挤满了;充满
crowd作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。强调集体时用单数,强调个人时用复数。
1句型公式: if条件状语从句的省略形式
if any 如果有的话
if so 如果这样的话,如果是的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
课本例句:So what is the difference between them, if any
那么,如果它们之间存在差异的话,究竟是哪些地方不一样呢?
2. as well as 同(一样也);和;还
(1)as well as相当于连词时,连接两个并列句子成分,但连接两个主语时,谓语动词与其前面的主语保持一致。
(2)as well as相当于介词时,可放在句首,与besides, in addition to意思相近。
(3)as well意为“也、又”,常放在句尾,相当于too。
课本例句:They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有相同的货币和国防一样,它们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
3句型公式: have +宾语+过去分词
(1)have sth. done 让别人做某事
have sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人/某事持续做……
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
(2)have sth. to do 有某事要做(不定式作定语)
课本例句:They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英国各地修建城堡,并对法律制度进行了修改。
4句型公式: make+宾语+宾语补足语
(1)“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、过去分词、介词短语、省略to的动词不定式(被动语态中to不能省略)。
(2)当宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语。
课本例句:Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史,将使你的英国之旅更加愉快。
5句型公式: with复合结构
with复合结构的常见形式如下:
with+名词/代词+宾语补足语(doing/ to do/ done/形容词/副词/介词短语)
课本例句:The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰岛)”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
6句型公式: It+be+adj.+that...
it在句中作形式主语,代指后面that引导的主语从句。it作形式主语的常用句式:
(1)It+be+adj.(possible, obvious, important...)+that从句
(2)It+be+名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, no wonder...)+that从句
课本例句:With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.
这般美景,自然造就了爱尔兰独特的民间传统,如音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等。

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