资源简介

单元素养测评卷(二)
1—5　　AABAB　 6—10　 BAABA　 11—15　BACBA　　16—20　CBBBA
21—25　ABCAB 26—30　BCACB 31—35　BCDDB 36—40　EFAGD
41—45　BDACA 46—50　DCBAC 51—55　DBACD
第一部分
录音稿
Text 1
M: Lisa’s birthday is coming up soon, isn’t it I need to get a gift for her!
W: Yes. It’s this Friday, the day after tomorrow.
Text 2
W: I’m thinking of buying my daughter a pair of blue jeans for her birthday.
M: If I were you, I would buy a red skirt. It goes really well with her white sweater.
Text 3
W:How much did it cost you to have your hair cut
M:The haircut just cost me twelve dollars, but I tipped the barber eight dollars.
W:That was really cheap.
Text 4
W: Would you like to go to the cinema this evening
M: I wish I could make it. But I have had a rough basketball match. I am really tired.
Text 5
M: How did your sister do yesterday
W: Well, her team won the match, but I didn’t get to see it. I had just got to the soccer field when my boss called. One of my colleagues called in sick with the flu, so he asked me to come and work.
Text 6
M: Hey, what’s this
W: Oh, it’s that show where they have to answer questions about the biggest natural wonders. Last week this man won a trip to Egypt to visit the pyramids.
M: Let’s watch and see where they get to go this week.
W: Oh, wait a minute. That’s the same guy. It’s the same show as last week. I don’t want to see the same thing again. Can we see the film on Channel 10
M: Oh, come on, grandma. Just for a minute! I haven’t seen it. Please.
Text 7
M: Tell me about your life in England. What do you do every day
W: Well, I work in my father’s business, importing wines. I live with my family.
M: How do you get to work Do you catch a bus
W: Usually. Sometimes I go with my father in his car. What about you What do you do
M: I’m a builder. I build houses.
W: And how do you get to work
M: I drive. I have to use my car often in my work. I never go by bus.
W: Do you enjoy your work
M: Yes. It’s not easy being a builder, but I prefer to work outside.
W: I never work outside. Occasionally I travel, though—like now.
Text 8
W: Hello, Michael.
M: Hi, Sarah.
W: Are you attending the conference tomorrow morning at the Shelton Hotel
M: Yes. Are you
W: Yeah, but when I arrived home five minutes ago, I found that my car wouldn’t start.And John is in Brighton on business.
M: Do you know what’s wrong with the car
W: I’m not exactly sure. I think there’s a problem with the engine. Uh, I wonder if you could give me a ride to the hotel tomorrow morning.
M: Sure. When shall I be at your place
W: Well, what about eight o’clock From my place to Shelton, we have to drive through the quarters, so we’d better leave early to avoid the traffic.
M: OK. No problem. It takes twenty minutes to reach your place, so I’ll set off at 7:40. By the way, do you also need me to drive you home tomorrow afternoon
W: No, John will be back then and he’ll get me home. Thank you, Michael.
M: That’s okay. See you tomorrow.
Text 9
M: So Ms King, what languages do you speak besides English
W: I speak Spanish, Italian and French fluently.
M: Wow! How did you learn to speak them
W: Well, my mother is Spanish, so I grew up listening to her speak it. As for French, I grew up in Quebec, a French-speaking Canadian province, so I always had French from when I was born. Later I learned Italian at a university.
M: That’s interesting. As far as I know, you stayed in Korea two months ago. I wonder if you can speak a little Korean.
W: Actually, I’m just starting to learn it. I didn’t know anything and it was just difficult to get by when I was there.
M: I see. You are an expert at learning languages. What advice would you give to young people who want to learn another language
W: Well, not everybody has a talent for it. But if you do want to learn it, it takes time. You have to memorize a whole bunch of vocabulary. What’s more, you have to find people who speak the language and chat with them very often so that you’re forced to speak the language. That’s what I did.
M: What helpful advice! Thanks for your coming to our studio tonight.
Text 10
M: New Hampshire Governor Chris Sununu has invited girls to apply to be the Governor for a day. The competition is open to New Hampshire girls who are in middle school or high school. The “Governor for a Day” competition is part of Women’s History Month. Sununu worked with Girls Inc., Girl Scouts, and Granite Girls State to create the competition. He says he wants young people to feel like they can lead. To enter the “Governor for a Day” competition, girls must finish the sentence: “If I were Governor for a Day, I would…”. Girls can write their answers down, or they can make a video that explains their ideas. The governor is not looking for a long answer. Written answers should be no more than 250 words. Videos can only be one minute long. The last day to enter the competition is April 30. Girls who want to enter the competition should e-mail their answers to the website or send a video as a private message to the messenger account.
第二部分
第一节
A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本关于环境保护的书籍,并对每本书进行了简短的介绍和评价。
21.A　细节理解题。根据Silent Spring下的“Written by Rachel Carson, Silent Spring highlights the effects of pesticides (杀虫剂) on the environment, especially DDT, which was a very popular insecticide until it was finally banned in 1972. The book eventually led to a change in the United States’ pesticide policy and contributed to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.”可知,《寂静的春天》引起了政府对环境问题的关注。故选A项。
22.B　推理判断题。根据The Uninhabitable Earth下的“Its opening line is incredibly telling: ‘It is worse, much worse, than you think.’”可知,作者在《不宜居住的地球》中说情况比你想象的更糟,表达了他的担忧。故选B项。
23.C　细节理解题。根据The End of Nature下的“It expresses the idea that nature was previously independent of humans but has now been affected by them in every way. According to author Bill McKibben, the idea of the wilderness is lost, and nature is no longer complete.”可知,比尔·麦克基本认为人类活动正在破坏自然。故选C项。
B
【文章大意】 本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一群高中生在老师的帮助下研发了用于去除水中的铅的过滤器,这体现了年轻人利用知识解决问题的能力及他们勇于承担社会责任的责任心。
24.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Unlike conventional filters currently on the market, theirs includes a container made of eco-friendly plastic and indicates when it’s ‘used up’ by turning the tap water yellow.”可知,当过滤器(中的材料)耗尽时,自来水的颜色会发生变化。故选A。
25.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“‘A few years ago, I saw a video of a woman in Michigan turn on her tap water, and it came out brown,’ says Rebecca Bushway, the project’s principal investigator. ‘That made me think—because there’s really no safe level of lead in drinking water, wouldn’t it be nice to have a water filter that could tell you your water is polluted, well before it turns brown because of lead ’”及第三段“Bushway, as a science teacher, wondered aloud to her chemistry class if there was a little filter that they could make from inexpensive components to easily remove lead.”可知,Bushway看到一位女士的水龙头里流出了脏水的视频后,想要除去水中的铅。故选B。
26.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Next, the students added a tiny spectrophotometer(分光光度计) with a single-wavelength LED to the bottom of the filter container. They installed an indicator light that is turned on as soon as the detector identifies the yellow colour of the lead iodide (碘化铅).”可推知,学生们安装了一个探测器,当它识别到碘化铅的黄色时,指示灯就会亮起来。故选B。
27.C　推理判断题。通读全文,根据文章第一段“The next generation of scientists and inventors is already finding approaches to addressing society’s problems.”及最后一段“Ultimately, this experience has shown students they can make a difference to somebody, and that there are problems they can fix with science…”可推知,作者通过描述高中生进行发明的过程来赞扬他们勇于承担社会责任。故选C。
C
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Alexey Mishonov和他的团队发现,大西洋经向翻转环流自20世纪90年代中期以来显著减缓,这一变化可能会对全球气候模式产生深远的影响,导致巨大且不可预测的气候变化。
28.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Alexey Mishonov and his team dive deep into the data in NOAA’s World Ocean Atlas to track down the AMOC’s performance over time.”可知,这项研究是通过参考大量的数据进行的。故选A项。
29.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中Mishonov所说的话“If AMOC slows down, the heat exchange will be reduced, which in turn will affect the climate, causing hot areas to get hotter and cold areas to get colder.”可推知,大西洋经向翻转环流的减缓导致了极端的气候条件。故选C项。
30.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中“While he stated that the film’s scenes with explosive effects are highly exaggerated and not supported by the scientific community, the hidden message—that a significant slowdown in the AMOC could lead to great and unpredictable climate change—resonates with (与……共鸣) many experts.”可知,该电影中隐含的信息引起了许多专家的共鸣:大西洋经向翻转环流的显著放缓可能导致巨大且不可预测的气候变化。由此推知,作者提到该电影是为了警告人们不确定的气候变化风险。故选B项。
31.B　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其根据第一段“The health of our oceans is related to the planet’s overall environmental condition, with ocean currents (洋流) playing a key role in reflecting Earth’s climate. A recent study has shed new light on the impact of rising ocean temperatures on one of these vital current systems.”可知,文章围绕一项有关洋流系统的研究展开,该研究发现,大西洋经向翻转环流自20世纪90年代中期以来显著减缓,这一变化可能会对全球气候模式产生深远的影响,导致巨大且不可预测的气候变化。因此,B项“海洋洋流:我们星球的信号”表明洋流的价值,揭示了该研究的意义,适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
D
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了错误共识效应这种心理现象,同时探讨了如何利用该效应解决环境问题。
32.C　推理判断题。根据第一段“There’s a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus (共识) effect.”以及“Put simply, if you’re doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn’t), you’re more likely to think plenty of other people do it too.”可知,错误共识效应使人们可以为社会不可接受或非法的行为找到合理化的理由。由此可推知,“一名吸烟者认为人们普遍赞成吸烟。”最能说明错误共识效应。故选C。
33.D　细节理解题。根据第三段“They also believed others viewed poaching as socially tolerable; however, in reality, more than 90% of fishers took the opposite stand on this.”可知,大多数澳大利亚渔民觉得偷猎是不可接受的。故选D。
34.D　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“…or to publicly purchase eco-friendly products.”可知,or表示“或者”,说明画线部分和publicly purchase eco-friendly products意思相近,也就是买环保的产品,并且让他人看见或知道,和D选项“Make green choices that others can perceive.”(做出别人能注意到的绿色选择。)意思相近。故选D。
35.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so too can they help solve it.”,倒数第二段的“Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful. Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people their difference in electricity use compared to their neighbours.”和最后一段的“As the research evidence shows, social standards can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviours.”可推知,改变人们的观念可以解决环境问题,也就是要宣传可持续发展的做法。故选B。
第二节
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了减少个人碳足迹的方法,包括低食物链饮食、拒绝快时尚商品、使用节能电器、选择绿色出行方式,以应对全球变暖问题。
36.E　根据上文“In order to hold the global temperature rise to 2℃ or less, everyone needs to average an annual carbon footprint of 1.87 tons by 2050.”可知,这是在介绍全球变暖问题和个人碳足迹的目标,再结合下文介绍的几个方法可知,正确答案是E(以下是减少你的碳足迹的方法。),承接上文碳足迹这一话题,并能引出下文。故选E项。
37.F　根据上文“Meat and dairy products are responsible for 14.5 percent of man-made global greenhouse gas emissions.”可知,肉类和乳制品会导致温室气体排放,所以正确答案是F(它们主要来自食品生产和加工。),解释了温室气体排放物的来源。故选F项。
38.A　根据下文“Fashionable, cheap items go out of style quickly and get dumped in landfills where they produce methane (甲烷) as they decompose.”可知,快时尚商品会快速更迭并会对环境造成影响,所以正确答案是A[不要购买快时尚(商品)。],下文解释了原因,故选A项。
39.G　根据上文“Make energy efficiency a primary consideration when choosing a new microwave, air conditioning unit, dishwasher, or refrigerator.”可知,选择电器时应优先考虑能效,因此正确答案是G(带有ENERGY STAR标志的产品有更好的能效。),是对节能电器的举例说明,故选G项。
40.D　根据上文“An average car produces about five tons of carbon each year.”可知,汽车会产生大量的碳排放,所以正确答案是D(改变交通工具非常重要。),承接了上文交通方式这一话题,同时能引出下文的关于交通工具的例子。故选D项。
第三部分
第一节
【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了What Cheer Flower Farm这一非营利组织的活动、目标、成就以及它对社区和环境的积极影响。
41.B　根据空后的“…to get flowers into the hands of anyone…a pick-me-up.”可知,这是这些志愿者的目标。故选B。reason原因;goal目标;attitude态度;excuse理由,借口。
42.D　根据下文a pick-me-up和第二段内容可知,这些鲜花是被送到需要振奋精神的人手中。故选D。in terms of就……而言;in charge of负责;in memory of为了纪念;in need of需要。
43.A　根据上文“They only have one simple…: to get flowers into the hands of anyone…a pick-me-up.”可知,这里应是指递送。故选A。deliver递送;produce生产;collect收集;cover覆盖。
44.C　根据下文create happiness and joy可知,该组织希望给人们带来欢乐,由此可知,他们想要用鲜花覆盖整个州。短语blanket…with…,意为“用……覆盖……”,符合句意。故选C。honour尊敬;represent代表;blanket覆盖;praise表扬。
45.A　根据上文“‘We want to…the state with flowers and create happiness and joy,’ says Erin Achenbach, What Cheer Flower Farm’s head florist.”可知,该组织希望用鲜花覆盖整个州,由此可推测,他们应该是定期给人们送花。故选A。regularly定期地,有规律地;rarely少见地;privately私下地;initially起初。
46.D　根据常理可知,当有人给自己送花时,人们脸上露出的应该是笑容。故选D。tear眼泪;remark言论;sweat汗水;smile微笑。
47.C　根据下文“…they just came in to inquire about the programmes…”可知,得到鲜花并不是这些人所预料到的。故选C。want想要;invest投资;expect预料,期待;tease戏弄。
48.B　根据下文“…a brownfield site, a piece of…land because of industrial pollution.”可知,该地区是一处工业用地。故选B。harmonious和谐的;industrial工业的;influential有影响力的;continuous持续的。
49.A　根据空前的once以及下文“In May, the organization was…a record-high $500,000 grant from the Environmental Protection Agency for its continued revitalization (振兴) of a brownfield site, a piece of…land because of industrial pollution.”可推测,这里曾经是一家刀具厂的所在地。故选A。house储存,是……的所在地;arouse唤醒;run跑;operate操作,动手术。
50.C　根据空后的a record-high $500,000 grant from the Environmental Protection Agency可推测,该组织获赠拨款。故选C。link连接;cooperate合作;award授予,奖励;cheat欺骗。
51.D　根据上文“Located in Providence’s rusted (锈迹斑斑的)…Olneyville neighbourhood, What Cheer Flower Farm’s flower beds cover an area of 2.7 acres that once…a knife factory.”和a brownfield site可推测,这里因工业污染而被荒废。故选D。remote偏远的;flat平坦的;divided有分歧的;deserted被抛弃的,废弃的。
52.B　根据上文a piece of…land because of industrial pollution可知,这里曾经被荒废,由此可知,这里曾经应该是死气沉沉的样子。故选B。lively活泼的;dead死气沉沉的,死的;restless不安宁的;negative消极的。
53.A　根据上文的an eco-landing spot以及空后的local insects and birds可推测,该地区是一个生态着陆点,所以可以保护当地的昆虫和鸟类。故选A。shelter保护,庇护;drive驾驶;research研究;observe观察,庆祝,评论。
54.C　根据上文“They only have one simple…: to get flowers into the hands of anyone…a pick-me-up.”可知,这些鲜花是送给需要振奋精神的人的,由此可知,这些鲜花会点亮人们的生活。故选C。take over接管;refer to提及,参考;light up点亮,照亮;hold back阻碍,退缩。
55.D　根据上文可知,这些鲜花会点亮人们的生活,会振奋人们的精神,由此可知,人们在收到鲜花时只需要欣赏鲜花就好。故选D。reject拒绝;grow成长;touch触摸;admire欣赏,钦佩。
第二节
【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了哈萨克斯坦出发的首趟货运列车抵达张家口的消息,标志着张家口至中欧(中亚)方向铁路货运通道的双向开通,为张家口发展成为多式联运枢纽奠定了重要基础,也标志着张家口构建全方位国际贸易大通道迈出了重要一步。
56.which/that　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词journey,指物,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which或者that引导该从句。故填which/that。
57.to arrive　考查非谓语动词。 “the+序数词/序数词修饰的名词”后跟不定式作后置定语,意为“第几个做……”。故填to arrive。
58.official　考查形容词。空处修饰名词opening,用所给单词的形容词形式official作定语,意为“正式的,官方的”。故填official。
59.foundation　考查名词。空处作宾语,用所给单词的名词形式foundation,意为“基础”,结合冠词an可知,用单数形式。故填foundation。
60.as　考查介词。结合句意可知,此处表示“作为”,用介词as。故填as。
61.a　考查冠词。可数名词step在句中表示“一步”,泛指,空格后单词significant发音以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
62.and　考查连词。根据句意可知,enhancing its level of openness和expanding the logistics network around Beijing是并列关系,用连词and连接。故填and。
bines　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,combine(结合)是句中谓语动词,与主语the name之间是主动关系,描述客观事实,应使用一般现在时,又因主语是单数名词,所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上,谓语应用一般现在时的主动语态,单数形式。故填combines。
64.included　考查非谓语动词。Shijiazhuang, Handan, Langfang and Zhangjiakou与include为被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填included。
65.following　考查介词。根据句意可知,“…the opening of the railway route to Europe and Central Asia.”作状语,用介词following构成介词短语,意为“在……之后,紧接着……”。故填following。
第四部分
第一节
One possible version:
Plant a tree, harvest a forest
Aiming to raise students’ awareness of environmental protection and the importance of reforestation, our school organized a tree-planting event with the theme of “Plant a tree, harvest a forest” last Sunday.
As scheduled, students and teachers gathered in the school garden with shovels and saplings in hand. Everyone enthusiastically participated in planting trees, creating a dynamic atmosphere. Students were divided into groups, each responsible for planting and caring for a specific area of the garden. Alongside tree planting, environmental knowledge boards were displayed, further promoting students’ eco-awareness.
Not only did the event promote a sense of unity and teamwork among the participants, but also it educated everyone on the benefits of trees to the environment. Students better understood the role of trees in combating climate change and improving air quality.
第二节
【思路点拨】 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了住在沿海城市的玛丽亚和彼得发现塑料袋被扔在海滩上,对此很苦恼,决定要做点什么来阻止美丽的大海被污染,于是他们决定通过制作视频、写文章来呼吁大家一起爱护环境。视频和文章得到了人们的积极响应,在大家的共同和持续努力下,海岸恢复了美丽。
【详解】
1. 段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“两人很快吃完晚饭,上楼开始计划。”可知,第一段可描写玛丽亚和彼得商量对策,决定通过制作视频和写文章来呼吁大家一起爱护环境。
②由第二段首句内容“他们既兴奋又紧张,在网上发布了视频和文章。”可知,第二段可描写视频和文章在网上发布后得到了人们的积极响应以及大家的行动和结果。
2. 续写线索:玛丽亚和彼得商量—玛丽亚和彼得做视频、写文章—发布视频和文章—大家的反应—大家一起行动—沙滩变美
One possible version:
Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning. Maria and Peter decided to take advantage of the Internet. “Maybe we can write an article to arouse people’s awareness,” Maria proposed. “Good idea! We can also make a video!” Peter added. The next few hours (无灵主语) witnessed their heated discussion and growing confidence in a clean and beautiful coast. The next day, they went to the beach and filmed a short video showing plastic bags lying on the beach and floating in the sea (现在分词作后置定语). Peter, who was good at writing (定语从句), wrote an article talking about the present situation of the beach and asking people to take part in the clean-up.
Excited and nervous, they posted the video and article online. To their amazement, their post went viral online immediately. Countless comments flooded in saying how heartbroken they were when looking at the polluted beach and ocean (how引导的宾语从句;when引导的时间状语从句). What amazed Maria and Peter more (主语从句) was that numerous people in their community, encouraged by their efforts (过去分词作状语), offered to join in their clean-up. More and more people came to the beach to collect plastic bags and they also appealed to others to avoid throwing or using plastic bags. A year later, with their joint and continuous effort, the coast regained its beauty and Maria and Peter regained their long-awaited pleasure.单元素养测评卷(二)
Unit 8
(时间:120分钟　分值:150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
(　)1.What day is it today
A.Wednesday.　　　B.Thursday.　　　C.Friday.
(　)2.What does the man advise the woman to buy
A.A red skirt. 　　　　　B.A white sweater.
C.A pair of blue jeans.
(　)3.How much did the man pay in total
A.$12. B.$20. C.$ 28.
(　)4.What does the man probably mean
A.He wants to have a rest.
B.He agrees to go to the cinema.
C.He will have a basketball game.
(　)5.Why did the woman fail to see the match
A.She got the flu. 　　　B.She had to work.
C.She visited her sick colleague.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
(　)6.What are the speakers probably talking about
A.A trip abroad. B.A TV programme.
C.A prize winner.
(　)7.What does the woman want to do
A.Watch a film. B.Visit the pyramids.
C.Learn about natural wonders.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
(　)8.How does the woman usually go to work
A.By bus. 　　　B.By car. 　　　C.On foot.
(　)9.What is the man’s attitude towards his work
A.Careless. B.Favourable. C.Bored.
听第8段材料,回答第10至13题。
(　)10.Why did Sarah make the phone call
A.To ask a favour.　　　　B.To pass on a message.
C.To make an appointment.
(　)11.Where is Sarah now
A.In Brighton. B.At her home.
C.At the Shelton Hotel.
(　)12.What time is Michael leaving his place tomorrow morning
A.At 7:40. 　　　B.At 8:00. 　　　C.At 8:20.
(　)13.What is the probable relationship between John and Sarah
A.Neighbours. B.Fellow workers.
C.Husband and wife.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
(　)14.Where did Ms King spend her childhood
A.In Spain. B.In Canada.
C.In France.
(　)15.How did Ms King feel about her trip to Korea
A.Terrible. B.Interested.
C.Satisfied.
(　)16.What is Ms King’s suggestion
A.Finding your talent.
B.Reviewing your vocabulary in time.
C.Talking with native speakers often.
(　)17.What is probably the man
A.A guide.　　　　B.A host.　　　　C.A teacher.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
(　)18.What is Sununu encouraging girls to do
A.Go back to school. B.Work as a governor.
C.Ask him questions.
(　)19.What do girls have to do in order to enter the competition
A.Write an article. B.Complete a sentence.
C.Make a two-minute video.
(　)20.How many ways do girls have to send their works to Sununu
A.2. 　　　　　　B.3. 　　　　　　　C.4.
第二部分　阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Our recommended list of environmental books covers a broad range of topics. These must-read environmental books are sure to spark the interest in the greenest books.
Silent Spring
Written by Rachel Carson, Silent Spring highlights the effects of pesticides (杀虫剂) on the environment, especially DDT, which was a very popular insecticide until it was finally banned in 1972. The book eventually led to a change in the United States’ pesticide policy and contributed to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.
No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference
This book collects 11 speeches made by climate activist Greta Thunberg, highlighting the issue of climate change and its impact on future generations. Greta Thunberg was 15 when she started the School Strike for Climate, also known as Fridays for Future. She inspired protests worldwide.
The Uninhabitable Earth
This book by David Wallace-Wells examines the disasters that have already occurred and looks ahead to the year 2100 and what climate change will do if we continue on our current path. Its opening line is incredibly telling: “It is worse, much worse, than you think.”
The End of Nature
Published in 1989, the book describes the relationship between nature and humans. It expresses the idea that nature was previously independent of humans but has now been affected by them in every way. According to author Bill McKibben, the idea of the wilderness is lost, and nature is no longer complete.
(　)21.Which book brought the environment to the government’s attention
A.Silent Spring.
B.The End of Nature.
C.The Uninhabitable Earth.
D.No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference.
(　)22.What feeling does the author display in The Uninhabitable Earth
A.Curiosity.　　　　　　　　B.Concern.
C.Annoyance. D.Disappointment.
(　)23.Which of the following is Bill McKibben’s idea
A.Nature will not exist any longer.
B.Wild animals are disappearing fast.
C.Human activities are destroying nature.
D.Climate change affects future generations.
B
The next generation of scientists and inventors is already finding approaches to addressing society’s problems. A group of high school students and their instructor report a solution to the problem of lead (铅) pollution in drinking water—an inexpensive faucet (水龙头) attachment that removes this poisonous metal. Unlike conventional filters currently on the market, theirs includes a container made of eco-friendly plastic and indicates when it’s “used up” by turning the tap water yellow.
“A few years ago, I saw a video of a woman in Michigan turn on her tap water, and it came out brown,” says Rebecca Bushway, the project’s principal investigator. “That made me think—because there’s really no safe level of lead in drinking water, wouldn’t it be nice to have a water filter that could tell you your water is polluted, well before it turns brown because of lead ”
Bushway, as a science teacher, wondered aloud to her chemistry class if there was a little filter that they could make from inexpensive components to easily remove lead. The students were excited about the idea, and they started thinking about the project in 2020.
The students discussed designs for an attachment to screw (用螺丝固定) a filter onto a sink’s faucet. Then in the spring semester of 2021, they 3D printed the attachment and a 3-inch-tall filter housing, using eco-friendly plastic. They filled the containers with some chemical powder. Next, the students added a tiny spectrophotometer (分光光度计) with a single-wavelength LED to the bottom of the filter container. They installed an indicator light that is turned on as soon as the detector identifies the yellow colour of the lead iodide (碘化铅).
The team’s goal is to make and sell their filters for less than $1 each. Because the housings use eco-friendly plastic, the cost could be a little higher, but the material would help reduce the overall environmental impact of the filter.
The process of developing the filter has been very fulfilling. “Ultimately, this experience has shown students they can make a difference to somebody, and that there are problems they can fix with science,” said Bushway.
(　)24.What shows that the filter is running out according to the text
A.The change of the water’s colour.
B.The change of the filter housing’s colour.
C.The times of the filter being used.
D.The flash of the indicator light.
(　)25.What inspired Bushway to remove lead in the water
A.Her personal experience in Michigan.
B.The unsafe water used by a woman.
C.A lack of safe drinking water.
D.The experiments carried out in her class.
(　)26.What can be inferred from Paragraphs 4 and 5
A.Chemical powder reacts with the lead in the water.
B.A detector is fixed to identify the lead iodide.
C.The students have developed eco-friendly plastic.
D.The filter has an advantage over others in price.
(　)27.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A.To advertise a product to remove lead to readers.
B.To highlight the hardships the inventors encounter.
C.To praise the young for shouldering responsibilities.
D.To stress the importance of environmental protection.
C
The health of our oceans is related to the planet’s overall environmental condition, with ocean currents (洋流) playing a key role in reflecting Earth’s climate. A recent study has shed new light on the impact of rising ocean temperatures on one of these vital current systems.
This significant research provides the first documented proof of a significant slowdown in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation or AMOC (大西洋经向翻转环流). Alexey Mishonov and his team dive deep into the data in NOAA’s World Ocean Atlas to track down the AMOC’s performance over time. Their findings reveal a change: from 1955 to 1994, the AMOC’s flow remained unchanged. However, starting in the mid-1990s, a marked decline in its strength was observed, with a striking reduction in its speed.
Mishonov explains the signs of weakening circulation in Atlantic Ocean currents, stating, “If AMOC slows down, the heat exchange will be reduced, which in turn will affect the climate, causing hot areas to get hotter and cold areas to get colder.” This imbalance could have far-reaching effects on global climate patterns, possibly leading to more extreme weather conditions, rising sea level, disorder to marine (海洋的) ecosystems, and a mass of other climate feedbacks.
Mishonov’s research also touches on the cultural spirit, referring to the dramatic description of a similar scene in the 2004 disaster movie The Day After Tomorrow. While he stated that the film’s scenes with explosive effects are highly exaggerated and not supported by the scientific community, the hidden message—that a significant slowdown in the AMOC could lead to great and unpredictable climate change—resonates with (与……共鸣) many experts.　
As the scientific community continues to uncover the mysteries of our oceans, the significance of Mishonov and his workmates’ work cannot be overstated. Their research contributes to our understanding of the relationship between ocean currents and global climate.
(　)28.How was the research carried out
A.By referring to huge data.
B.By recording ocean movements.
C.By modeling the ocean currents.
D.By doing practical experiments.
(　)29.What can we learn from Mishonov
A.The increased heat exchange has an impact on the climate.
B.Rising sea level from climate change could be prevented.
C.The slowdown of AMOC leads to extreme climate conditions.
D.The heated temperature may quicken the movement of the ocean.
(　)30.Why is the movie The Day After Tomorrow mentioned in Paragraph 4
A.To stress how scientific the story is.
B.To warn people of uncertain climate change risks.
C.To criticize the exaggerated threat in the movie.
D.To draw attention to the explosive effects of the movie.
(　)31.What can be a suitable title of the text
A.The AMOC: a potential risk to the earth
B.Ocean currents: the very signals of our planet
C.Water temperature: a lasting unavoidable change
D.Climate change: an increasing concern around the world
D
There’s a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus (共识) effect. That’s where we overvalue how acceptable and widespread our own behaviour is in society. Put simply, if you’re doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn’t), you’re more likely to think plenty of other people do it too. What’s more, you likely overestimate how much other people think that behaviour is broadly OK.
This bias allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviours. Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting. More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage.　
In Australia, people who admitted poaching (偷猎) thought it was much more widespread in society than it really was, and had higher estimates than fishers who obeyed the law. They also believed others viewed poaching as socially tolerable; however, in reality, more than 90% of fishers took the opposite stand on this. The false consensus effect has also shown up in studies examining support for nuclear energy and offshore wind farms.
Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so too can they help solve it. For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there’s already a lot of trash thrown around; so making sure the ground around a bin is not covered in rubbish may help.
Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful. Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people their difference in electricity use compared to their neighbours. Encouragingly, stimulating people’s natural desire for social position has also been successful in getting people to “go green to be seen”, or to publicly purchase eco-friendly products.
As the research evidence shows, social standards can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviours. Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article!
(　)32.Which example best illustrates the false consensus effect
A.A student spends long hours surfing the Internet.
B.A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts.
C.A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking.
D.A driver frequently parks illegally in public places.
(　)33.How did most Australian fishers view the issue of poaching
A.It is contradictory. B.It is impractical.
C.It is widespread. D.It is unacceptable.
(　)34.What do underlined words “go green to be seen” refer to in Paragraph 5
A.Develop green habits for better health.
B.Choose green items that are easy to spot in stores.
C.Join green movements for personal fulfillment.
D.Make green choices that others can perceive.
(　)35.What is a recommended approach to solving environmental problems
A.Justify social standards.
B.Publicize sustainable practices.
C.Encourage technological innovations.
D.Highlight personal responsibilities.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Your carbon footprint is the amount of greenhouse gases that you produce as you live your life. In order to hold the global temperature rise to 2℃ or less, everyone needs to average an annual carbon footprint of 1.87 tons by 2050. 36.　　　
Eat low on the food chain. This means eating mostly fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans. Meat and dairy products are responsible for 14.5 percent of man-made global greenhouse gas emissions. 37.　　　　 If you have no meat or dairy products every day, you can reduce your carbon footprint by 8 pounds.
38.　　　　 Fashionable, cheap items go out of style quickly and get dumped in landfills where they produce methane (甲烷) as they decompose. Currently, the average American gets rid of about 80 pounds of clothing annually. In addition, most fast fashion comes from Asia, so shipping it to the US requires the use of fossil fuels.
Use low energy appliances. Replace traditional light bulbs with LED ones. Though LEDs cost more, they use a quarter of the energy and last up to 25 times longer. Make energy efficiency a primary consideration when choosing a new microwave, air conditioning unit, dishwasher, or refrigerator. 39.　　　
Choose green travel. An average car produces about five tons of carbon each year. 40.　　　　Take public buses, carpool, or bike to your destination when possible. This not only reduces CO2 emissions, but also lessens traffic jams.
A.Don’t buy fast fashion.
B.Never choose quality clothing.
C.But people ignore this serious problem.
D.Making changes in transport matters much.
E.Here are ways to reduce your carbon footprint.
F.They are mainly from food production and processing.
G.Products with the ENERGY STAR sign have better energy efficiency.
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
It’s been nearly seven years since a group of volunteers from a non-profit organization What Cheer Flower Farm broke ground at a flower farm in Providence, Rhode Island. They only have one simple 　41　: to get flowers into the hands of anyone 　42　 a pick-me-up. Best of all, each one of the tens of thousands of flowers that What Cheer Flower Farm grows and 　43　 is completely free of charge. “We want to 　44　 the state with flowers and create happiness and joy,” says Erin Achenbach, What Cheer Flower Farm’s head florist.
What Cheer Flower Farm 　45　 brings blooming joy to people at local hospitals, food banks, senior centres, recovery centres and more—including AIDS Care Ocean State. “Seeing the 　46　 on people’s faces who weren’t 　47　 it—they just came in to inquire about the programmes—is pleasant,” says Stephen Hogan Jr. from AIDS Care Ocean State.
Located in Providence’s rusted (锈迹斑斑的) 　48　 Olneyville neighbourhood, What Cheer Flower Farm’s flower beds cover an are a of 2.7 acres that once 　49　 a knife factory. In May, the organization was 　50　 a record-high $500,000 grant from the Environmental Protection Agency for its continued revitalization (振兴) of a brownfield site, a piece of 　51　 land because of industrial pollution.
“Not only do we revive this space, which was quite literally 　52　,” says Achenbach, “but also this is an eco-landing spot with the ability to 　53　 local insects and birds. That’ll have a win-win outcome: 　54　 people’s lives and supporting the local ecosystem. What’s good about flowers is that they don’t need anything else. People’s only job is to 　55　 them when someone gives them flowers.”
(　)41.A.reason　　　　　　　　B.goal
C.attitude D.excuse
(　)42.A.in terms of B.in charge of
C.in memory of D.in need of
(　)43.A.delivers B.produces
C.collects D.covers
(　)44.A.honour B.represent
C.blanket D.praise
(　)45.A.regularly B.rarely
C.privately D.initially
(　)46.A.tears B.remarks
C.sweat D.smiles
(　)47.A.wanting B.investing
C.expecting D.teasing
(　)48.A.harmonious B.industrial
C.influential D.continuous
(　)49.A.housed B.aroused
C.ran D.operated
(　)50.A.linked B.cooperated
C.awarded D.cheated
(　)51.A.remote B.flat
C.divided D.deserted
(　)52.A.lively B.dead
C.restless D.negative
(　)53.A.shelter B.drive
C.research D.observe
(　)54.A.taking over B.referring to
C.lighting up D.holding back
(　)55.A.reject B.grow
C.touch D.admire
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A freight train loaded with grain from Kazakhstan arrived in Zhangjiakou on Dec.13. It came after a journey 56.　　　　　　 passed through the Horgos railway port in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
It was the first freight train from overseas 57.　　　　　(arrive) in Zhangjiakou since the launch of the China-Europe (Central Asia) route at the end of August, and took 10 days to travel more than 4,000 kilometres.
The government said the train’s arrival signified the 58.　　　　　　(office) opening of the Zhangjiakou section of the route in both directions, enabling the two-way trade and establishing an important 59.　　　　　　(found) for the development of Zhangjiakou 60.　　　　　 a multimodal transportation hub. It also marked 61.　　　　 significant step forward in constructing a comprehensive international trade corridor in Zhangjiakou, enhancing its level of openness 62.　　　　　　 expanding the logistics network around Beijing.
The name of the trains, “Jingzhang”, 63.　　　　(combine) characters representing the cities of Beijing and Zhangjiakou. The train to depart from Zhangjiakou left the freight railway station in Xiahuayuan District on Aug.29, carrying 59 containers with 1,322 tons of goods.
As the train network continues to expand, more cities in Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Langfang and Zhangjiakou 64.　　　　(include), are joining the cross-border railway transportation system. Zhangjiakou is becoming part of a comprehensive international trade corridor 65.　　　　　(follow) the opening of the railway route to Europe and Central Asia.
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,上周日你校举办了“种下一棵树,收获一片林”的植树节活动。请你为校英语报写一篇活动报道,内容包括:
1. 活动内容;
2. 活动收获。
注意: 写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词汇:铁铲shovel　树苗sapling
Plant a tree, harvest a forest


第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Maria and Peter lived in a coastal city. The greatest pleasure in summer for them was to swim near their local beach after school. But one day they started to lose their enthusiasm for swimming in the waters. More often than not, they would find plastic bags thrown on the beach. Worse still, as they swam in the water, some plastic bags would float around them and even stick to their legs when they walked to the shore.
They were upset and decided something needed to be done to stop the beautiful sea becoming consumed by waste.One weekend,Maria and Peter brought a big bag to the beach and determined to clean it up. Sweat streamed down from their forehead while they bent down and picked up the plastic bags. To their disappointment, after a day’s hard work, there were still many plastic bags lying on the beach or floating in the water. Going home with aching legs and arms, Maria and Peter were almost defeated by a strong sense of failure.
That night over dinner with their parents, the pair ate silently. Noticing their low spirits, Mother asked gently, “You two looked so down. What happened ” Exchanging glances with Peter, Maria replied in a low voice,“It’s those annoying plastic bags. We tried to clean up but it was just impossible.”Understanding the pair’s disappointment, their father patted them on the back and comforted, “Well, it’s really hard for just two of you to fix such a big problem.”“Just two of us,”complained Maria and Peter, looking at each other.Suddenly, an idea flashed through their minds, their eyes shining with excitement.“Yes,that’s the point! We should make more people aware of the problem and encourage them to take action!” the pair said in chorus.
注意: 续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning.


Paragraph 2:
Excited and nervous, they posted the video and article online.

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