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数智分层作业参考答案
课时提升作业(一)
基础过关
Ⅰ．1．crucial　2．analyse；evaluate　3．obtained　4．defeated　5．acknowledged
Ⅱ．1．committed　2．objective　3．academic　4．Apparently　5．scientific
Ⅲ．1．got stuck　2．committed himself to　3．graduated from　4．lead to　5．insisted on
Ⅳ．1．is thought to be　2．On/Upon our arrival at；On/Upon arriving at　3．Using its head　4．It is vital that　5．commit myself to
Ⅴ．1．is widely acknowledged that　2．was committed to
3．was of vital importance　4．insisted on returning
5．with the objective of
能力提升
Ⅰ．
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B D D D A A C
Ⅱ．
1 2 3 4 5
D B E G C
Ⅲ．1．yourself　2．engineer　3．that/which　4．extremely　5．but　6．was put　7．discovered　8．To keep　9．improving　10．as
能力提升
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为了人类可以享受更好生活而作出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据Maximilian Bircher-Benner部分最后两句“尽管他受到了科学界的质疑，但他的健康饮食理念得到了普及，并帮助创造了一种由加工面包、肉类和碳水化合物组成的饮食。随着越来越多的科学研究表明这种饮食对健康有好处，他所建立的健康饮食趋势继续受到欢迎。”可知，Bircher-Benner的贡献在于他树立了健康饮食的风尚。故选B。]
2．D　[细节理解题。根据Peter Mansfield部分中第一句“英国物理学家在彼得·劳特伯的帮助下开发了磁共振成像(MRI)，使医生不需切开病人身体就能看到病人体内的情况。”可知，是Peter Mansfield发明了MRI。故选D。]
3．D　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文章介绍的是为了人类可以享受更好生活而作出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物，故这四个人物的共同之处在于他们为了人类可以享受更好的生活而作出了杰出贡献。故选D。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了弗雷德里克·麦金利·琼斯的生平及其在机械与发明方面的成就。
4．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“Frederick McKinley Jones was born in Cincinnati，Ohio，on May 17，1893．”以及“In 1912 he landed in Hallock，Minnesota，where he obtained a job doing mechanical work on a farm．”可知，Jones在19岁时在Minnesota的一个农场从事机械工作。故选D。]
5．A　[细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“他为运输易腐食品的卡车设计了一种便携式空气冷却装置，并获得了专利”可知，Jones设计并获得专利的便携式空气冷却装置是为运输易腐食品的卡车所设计的。故选A。]
6．A　[词义猜测题。根据画线单词前的句子“He designed and patented a portable air-cooling unit for trucks carrying perishable food．”及“helping to preserve blood，medicine and food”可知，Jones组建的公司有一款便携式空气冷却装置，能够保存血液、药物和食物，这些正是战争所需要的。所以他的公司在二战的时候得以迅速发展。故画线单词意为“迅速发展”。故选A。]
7．C　[推理判断题。最后一段主要讲述了Jones在去世前后所获得的认可，包括进入发明家名人堂和获得国家技术奖章等荣誉。因此作者的目的在于展示Jones的工作得到了广泛的认可。故选C。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了卢克·霍华德对气象学作出的贡献。
1．D　[根据下文“相反，他很容易被透过窗户看到的云分散注意力”可知，选项承接下文与下文话题一致，说的都是他不能集中注意力的事情。故D选项“他在学校时不能集中注意力”切题。故选D。]
2．B　[根据上文“他的职业生涯开始是做一名药剂师，为人们生产和分发药品”及下文“他不久就成了一名业余气象学家”可知，选项与上文为转折关系且引起下文，说明他真正热爱的是气象学。故B选项“但他真正热爱的是气象学”切题。meteorology呼应meteorologist。故选B。]
3．E　[根据上文“为了进行观察，霍华德画了云在天空中移动和变化的草图”可知，选项承接上文说明他画草图的作用是什么。故E选项“这帮助他认识到我们今天所知道的云的形状”切题。故选E。]
4．G　[根据上文，“霍华德虽然认为云的形状时刻在变化，但在天上有三种最基本的形状，他给它们用拉丁文命名”及下文“第二个是‘积云’，意思是堆”可知，选项与上文是总分关系，与下文为并列关系，说明的是第一种类型的云。故G选项“第一种叫作‘卷云’，在拉丁语中是卷须或毛发的意思”切题。故选G。]
5．C　[根据上文“霍华德的研究发表后，气象学领域继续发展。科学家们现在对世界各地的天气模式有了更深入的了解”可知，选项承接上文说明科学家们现在对世界各地的天气模式有了更深入的了解的原因。故C选项“但这一切都是从霍华德的工作开始的”切题。故选C。]
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了2019年至2022年，中国工程师黄思远在赤道几内亚共和国污水处理厂工作的经历，该厂通过污水处理不仅改善了城市面貌，还降低了疟疾的发病率，改善了当地人的健康状况。
1．yourself　[考查代词。句意：如果你自己没有去过那里，你永远不会真正知道那里是什么样子。此处表示“你自己；亲自”用your的反身代词。故填yourself。]
2．engineer　[考查名词。设空处使用名词作宾语，engine的名词为engineer意为“工程师”符合句意。故填engineer。]
3．that/which　[考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句且作介词for的宾语，修饰先行词plant，指物。故填that/which。]
4．extremely　[考查副词。修饰形容词high，设空处应用副词形式。extreme为形容词，其副词形式为extremely。故填extremely。]
5．but　[考查连词。句意：有了污水处理厂，不仅城市的面貌得到改变，而且当地人民的健康状况也得到改善。句中构成固定短语not only...but (also)...意为“不但……而且……”，其中also可省略。故填but。]
6．was put　[考查动词时态和语态。put into use投入使用，主语the plant与put into use是被动关系，是第三人称单数，且表述过去发生的事，应用过去式的被动语态。故填was put。]
7．discovered　[考查非谓语动词。句中it是主语，is为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处drug与discover之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填discovered。]
8．To keep　[考查动词不定式。句意：为了让一切正常进行，黄和他的同事们对城市周围的污水井进行了例行检查。句中conducted为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故使用不定式结构作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母应大写。故填To keep。]
9．improving　[考查非谓语动词。thank sb．for doing sth．固定短语，意为“感谢某人做某事”，使用动词-ing形式作宾语。故填improving。]
10．as　[考查介词。regard...as...为固定短语，意为“把……看作是……”。故填as。]
2 / 2课时提升作业(一)　(UNIT 1　Reading and Thinking)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：87.5分)
(对应数智分层作业第1页)
Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．Parents play a _________ (至关重要的)role in preparing their child for school．
2．On every single move you have to _________(分析) a situation and __________(评估) the best move from among all your options．
3．With his full-time job and attending to his family，he attended college in the evening and __________(获得) his degree．
4．The visiting team was __________ (击败) by our women football team last night，which made our fans excited and proud．
5．Because of his excellent performance，he is widely ______________(认为) as the best player in the world．
Ⅱ．词性转换(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．He is a hard-working writer and totally ___________ (commit) to his work．
2．I would really like to have your ___________ (object) opinion on this．
3．The new research shows that the P．E．class can help improve students' __________ (academy) performance．
4．____________ (apparent)，the professor has a preference for these devices which can work automatically．
5．Technology is the application of ____________ (science) knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways．
Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
commit oneself to，insist on，lead to，graduate from，get stuck
1．We are late because we ___________ in traffic．
2．He has ______________________ the cause of education．
3．Last year I ________________ college and landed a job in the local company．
4．The whole team will face serious problems，which may _________ a big defeat．
5．I _____________ requesting his phone number，promising to call him for the payment．
Ⅳ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．这场暴风雨被认为造成了多达4人死亡。
The storm __________________ responsible for as many as four deaths．
2．(应用文写作之报道)一到达养老院，我们就开始打扫房间。
→________________________ the nursing home，we set out to clean the rooms．(On/Upon one's＋n．)
→_____________________ the nursing home，we set out to clean the rooms．(On/Upon doing)
3．它用头碰了碰我们的手，好像在说，它要感谢我们。(动词-ing形式作方式状语)
________________，it touched our hands，seemingly saying that we were to be thanked．
4．重要的是我们应该熟悉所有的进展情况。
__________________ we should be kept informed of all developments．
5．我将致力于中国的教育事业。
I will __________________ China's educational cause．
Ⅴ．补全短文(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
It 1． _____________________________ (人们认为)Qian Xuesen was one of the greatest scientists in China．He 2．__________________ (致力于)the development of China，and participated in and led the development of Chinese rockets，which 3．_________________________(非常重要) for our country．What has always made us moved is that he 4．_______________________ (坚持回到)to our motherland 5．_______________________ (目的是) serving our country and people．He made a great contribution to our country's scientific development．
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
A
Throughout human history，there is a bottomless well of people who made great contributions so that we can now enjoy a better life．The following are just four of those great minds．
Joseph Lister(1827—1912)
English surgeon (外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic (抗菌剂)and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery．For this，he is often referred to as the father of modern surgery as his use of antiseptic greatly increased the kinds of operations that could be carried out．
Maximilian Bircher-Benner(1867—1939)
Bircher-Benner was a pioneering Swiss physician and nutritionist．He advocated the eating of raw fruit and vegetables and discouraged eating meat and heavily processed foods．Although he was questioned by the scientific establishment，his healthy eating ideas took off and helped create a diet of processed bread，meat and carbs (碳水化合物)．The healthy eating trends he established have continued to grow in popularity with more scientific research showing the health benefits of such a diet．
Paracelsus(1493—1541)
Swiss-German physician and leading health reformer Paracelsus founded the discipline of toxicology (毒理学)and pioneered the use of chemicals in treating patients．He emphasized practical experience．He was also one of the first doctors to note illness can be psychological in nature．
Peter Mansfield(1933—2017)
English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)which gets doctors to see inside a patient's body without needing to cut it open．With MRI，doctors can see far more than with X-ray，which is limited to bones．He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2003．
1．What is Maximilian Bircher-Benner's contribution
A．He discovered X-ray．
B．He set up a healthy eating trend．
C．He improved survival rates of operation．
D．He did experiments with chemicals to treat diseases．
2．Who invented MRI to give doctors more information of a patient's body
A．Joseph Lister．　　　
B．Maximilian Bircher-Benner．
C．Paracelsus．
D．Peter Mansfield．
3．What do the four people have in common
A．They all received Nobel Prize．
B．They were all born in Switzerland．
C．They all made contributions to treating patients．
D．They all helped to make people live a better life．
B
Frederick McKinley Jones was born in Cincinnati，Ohio，on May 17，1893．By the time Frederick was 7 years old，his father sent young Jones to live with a priest (牧师) in Kentucky．At the age of 11，Jones ran away to feed himself．He returned to Cincinnati and worked as an entrance guard in a garage where he developed a skill for automobile mechanics．He became a leader of the shop．In 1912 he landed in Hallock，Minnesota，where he obtained a job doing mechanical work on a farm．
Jones had talent for and an interest in mechanics．He read extensively on the subject and educated himself in his spare time．By the time he was twenty，Jones was able to get an engineering license in Minnesota．He served in the U．S．Army during World War I(WWⅠ)where he was often called upon to make repairs to machines and other equipment．
After the war，he returned to the farm．It was on the Hallock farm that Jones educated himself further in electronics．He built a transmitter (发射机) for the new radio station to broadcast its programming．He also developed a device to combine moving pictures with sound．
Jones continued to expand his interests in the 1930s．He designed and patented (获得专利) a portable air-cooling unit for trucks carrying perishable (易腐烂的) food．Forming a partnership with Numero，Jones founded the U．S．Thermo Control Company．The company burgeoned during World War Ⅱ，helping to preserve blood，medicine and food．
Over the course of his career Jones received more than 60 patents．He was recognized for his achievements both during his lifetime and after his death．Jones died of lung cancer in Minneapolis，Minnesota，on February 21，1961．He was chosen into the Minnesota Inventors Hall of Fame in 1977．In 1991，then-President George H．W．Bush awarded the National Medal of Technology to Numero and Jones at a ceremony held in the White House Rose Garden．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了弗雷德里克·麦金利·琼斯的生平及其在机械与发明方面的成就。
4．What was Jones doing when he was 19
A．He was staying with a kind priest．
B．He was developing a new interest．
C．He was running his own garage．
D．He was doing work related to machinery．
5．Which of the following is TRUE about the portable air-cooling unit
A．It was designed for trucks．
B．It was used to produce food．
C．It was bought by a company．
D．It was popular during WWⅠ．
6．What does the underlined word “burgeoned” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Grew greatly． B．Got help．
C．Stopped production． D．Faced difficulty．
7．What is the author's purpose in writing the last paragraph
A．To introduce patents of Jones．
B．To show Jones got an award．
C．To express Jones was recognized．
D．To show regret over Jones' death．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Born in London on 28 November 1772，Luke Howard was interested in the weather from an early age． 1 He was instead easily distracted (分心) by the clouds he could see through the window．He started his career as a pharmacist，producing and sending out medicines for people． 2 He soon became an amateur meteorologist (业余气象学者)．
In 1802，Howard presented his research in a lecture to the Askesian Society，a club for people who were interested in science．At this point，meteorology hadn't progressed as much as other sciences，because it was difficult to take observations when the weather was always changing．To take his observations，Howard did sketches (草图) of the clouds as they moved and changed in the sky． 3
Howard suggested that although the shapes of clouds were changing，there were three basic types of clouds in the sky，to which he gave Latin names． 4 The second was “cumulus”，meaning heap (一堆) or pile．And the third was “stratus”，meaning layer or sheet．He also introduced four other cloud types to recognize the changing clouds when they are joining together or breaking apart．In 1803，he published his research in a paper called “On the Modifications of Clouds”．
After the publication of Howard's research，the field of meteorology continued to develop．Scientists now have a much greater understanding of weather patterns (模式) all around the world． 5 Professor Liz Bentley，Chief Executive of the Royal Meteorological Society，said，“His scientific work helped us understand our climate．”
A．There are now 10 types of clouds．
B．But his true passion was meteorology．
C．But it was Howard's work that started it all．
D．He couldn't stay focused when he was at school．
E．This helped him to recognize the forms we know today．
F．Howard's findings also inspired the artist John Constable．
G．The first was called “cirrus”，which means tendril or hair in Latin．
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Africa is a continent that everyone knows about，but not many fully understand．“If you haven't been there 1．____________ (your)，you would never truly know what it's like，” said 29-year-old Huang Siyuan．
From 2019 to 2022，Huang worked as a security 2．____________ (engine) at a sewage (污水) treatment plant in the Republic of Equatorial Guinea．The plant 3．____________ Huang worked for is in the capital，Malabo．
“I heard that locals used to throw their waste right in front of their doorsteps．Since mosquitoes breed (蚊子繁殖) there，the incidence of malaria was 4．____________ (extreme) high，” Huang said．With the sewage treatment plant，not only had the city's appearance been transformed，5．____________ the health condition of the local people also improved．
A survey done by the WHO showed that after the plant 6．____________ (put) into use，the incidence rate of malaria dropped from 45% to 11%．Even if someone is infected with malaria，it's not a significant issue because of the availability of artemisinin，a drug 7．____________ (discover) by the Chinese scientist Tu Youyou．
8．____________ (keep) everything on track，Huang and his colleagues conducted routine checkups of sewage wells around the city．Sometimes they would run into local residents who would thank them for 9．____________ (improve) the local living environment．Some would even offer food and fruits，but they couldn't accept．“We regard their gratitude 10．____________ the most precious reward，” he said．
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