资源简介

25-26学年 高一定语从句专题+新题型（句子翻译）（学生版）
初中要求 初中阶段重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，掌握基本的关系代词用法，who（人）、which（物）、that（人或物）。
高中要求 高中阶段，除了初中阶段的关系代词，高中还会学习 whose（表示所有格）、whom（指人，作宾语）、as等。掌握更复杂的定语从句结构，包括省略关系代词和分隔式定语从句的使用。
【初中考点聚焦】
关系代词 "who"：
The girl who is standing over there is my sister.（站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹。）
关系代词 "which"：
The book which I read last night was very interesting.（我昨晚读的那本书非常有趣。）
关系代词 "that"：
The house that we bought last year is very spacious.（我们去年买的房子非常宽敞。）
【高中考点聚焦】
考纲解读
使用关系代词 "whose"：表示所有格，用于指人或物。
The man whose car was stolen is very upset.（他的车被偷了的那个男人非常不安。）
使用关系代词 "whom"：用作宾语，指人。
The scientist whom we invited will give us a lecture next week.（我们邀请的那位科学家下周将给我们做讲座。）
关系代词的省略：在定语从句中，当关系代词作宾语时，可以省略。
The book that I read is interesting.（我读的那本书很有趣。）
省略后：The book I read is interesting.
分隔式定语从句：定语从句不紧跟在先行词之后，而是被其他成分隔开。
The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.（我上周读的那本书非常有趣。）
考点清单
▇ 定义及相关术语
什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？
1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。
2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。
5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；
6.关系副词有：when, where, why等
例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday.
例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night
例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village
例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用
1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。
2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
二. 关系代词的功用？
▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。
作主语：
The person who/that broke the window must pay for it.
The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2. 作宾语：
She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3. 作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
The house whose windows are broken is empty.
4. 作状语
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　
This is the house where I was born.
总结1：
1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。
2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。
5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；
关系副词有：when, where, why等
总结2：
▇ 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。
4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。
The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。
5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：
The house whose windows are broken is empty.
=The house the windows of which are broken is empty.
=The house of which the windows are broken is empty.
注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n.
6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如：
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。
注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物
the same...that... 指同一个事物
▇ 定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况
1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。
Everything that he said was true.
2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。
This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.
The only thing that is constant is change.
There was little that we could do to help her.
3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.
This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.
4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
What is the first American film that you have seen
5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。（避免引导词的重复出现）
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
6.当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about
7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。
She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be.
He is not the man (that) he seems.
▇ 定语从句中只能用which引导的情况
1.当关系代词的前面有介词时
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
Is this the room in which Mr. White lives
2.在非限制性定语从句中
Crusoe’s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.
3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.（了解即可）
Let me show you the novel, which I borrowed from the library that was newly open to us.
4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时
Here’s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
5.先行词本身是that, 宜用which
What’s that which she is looking at
▇ 定语从句中只能用who引导的情况
在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。
1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
The ones who flatter me don’t please me.
Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.
2.先行词是those时，宜用who。
No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake.
3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。
I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province.
4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
5.在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who（指人）。指物时，也可以用that。
There is a young man who wants to see your father.
There are many old men who are against this plan.
There is a rule that should be obeyed.
注意事项：
1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词；
2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定；
3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别）
一、语法填空
1．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空)
2．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required. (用适当的词填空)
3．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空)
4．Table read is not the only effective practice helps students improve their speaking. (用适当的词填空)
5．Lily told me everything she knew. (用适当的词填空)
6．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空)
7．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空)
8．This is the reason he gave me for his being late. (用适当的词填空)
9．I will never forget the days I spent travelling with my grandparents. (用适当的词填空)
10．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently. (用适当的词填空)
11．Someone is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well. (用适当的词填空)
12．The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. (用适当的词填空)
13．I admired Mr. Smith from class I graduated. (用适当的词填空)
14．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空)
15．The students are chatting about the books and writers will add to their favorites. (用适当的词填空)
阅读理解
With two locations, the Getty Villa in Malibu and the Getty Center in Los Angeles, the J. Paul Getty Museum serves a wide variety of audiences through its expanded range of exhibitions and programming in the visual arts.
Parking information
Parking is $15; $10 after 4:00 p.m. Pay once, park twice on the same day. And get same-day parking at both the Getty Center and the Getty Villa for one $15 fee.
MORE information about visiting the Getty Center and the Getty Villa
@The Getty Center See spectacular art and architecture at the top of Los Angeles. Admission is Free. Address:1200 Getty Center Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90049 Open Hours: Tuesday–Friday and Sunday 10:00 a.m.–5:30 p.m. Saturday 10:00 a.m.–9:00 p.m. Closed Mondays Open Mondays, December 21 and 28, 2020 Parking lot opens 9:30 a.m. Holiday closures: Thanksgiving, December 25 (Christmas Day), and January 1 Food & Drinks Lunch Tuesday–Saturday 11:30 a.m.–2:30 p.m. Dinner Saturday 5:00–9:00 p.m. Sunday Brunch Sunday 11:00 a.m.–3:00 p.m. Closed Mondays @ The Getty Villa Visit the ancient world of Greece and Rome. Admission is Free. An advance timed-entry ticket is required. Address 17985 Pacific Coast Highway, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 Open Hours: Wednesday–Monday 10:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Closed Tuesdays Open Tuesdays, December 22nd and 29, 2020 Holiday closures: Thanksgiving, December 25 (Christmas Day), and January 1 Food & Drinks Cafe at the Getty Villa Monday and Wednesday–Friday 11:00 a.m. – 3:00 p.m. Saturday and Sunday 11:00 a.m.– 4:00 p.m. Closed Tuesdays No reservations are required for the Cafe. Menu selections are created seasonally. Wine and beer are also available. Picnic Box Lunches Enjoy your own boxed lunch and grab-and-go items at any of the Getty Villa’s public seating areas, including the Outdoor Classical Theater.
55．Mr. Larry drove to the Getty Center and the Getty Villa on December 23 (Wednesday), 2020, and enjoyed a wonderful tour there. He paid the parking fee _______ altogether.
A．$10 B．$15
C．$20 D．$30
56．Which of the following statements is NOT true
A．The J. Paul Getty Museum is an art museum housed on two sites.
B．The Getty Villa is closed on the same holidays as the Getty Center.
C．The sale of alcohol is forbidden to people in the J. Paul Getty Museum.
D．Timed tickets must be obtained in advance in the Getty Villa.
57．People who go to the Getty Villa may _______.
A．enjoy the views overlooking Los Angeles
B．conduct the visit any time because the tickets are free
C．appreciate the arts and cultures of ancient Greece and ancient Rome
D．have lunches they bring with them anywhere inside the exhibition area
单选练习：
1. Many cartoonists ________ wonderful products are so popular will always be remembered.
A. whose B. who C. that D. which
2. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.
A. whom B. as C. about whom D. with whom
3. You will find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. what C. where D. how
4. Science instruments on the spacecraft sense signals ________ are coming from the outer space.
A. which scientists believe that B. that scientists believe
C. scientists believe that D. which scientists believe they
5. In an hour, we can travel to places ________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
6. She wanted to buy a new house ________.
A. that has a garden around it B. that a garden around it
C where a garden around it D. where has a garden
7. Anyway, that evening, _______ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
8. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ________, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
9. There were dirty marks on her trousers _________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
10. ________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
选词填空
A. deals B. created C. caught D. participated E. covered F. cost G. evidence H. named I. launched J. highlighted K. products
THE 15th CHINA INTERNATIONAL AVIATION AND AEROSPACE EXHIBITION, also known as Airshow China was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong, Province, from November 12 to 17, 2024.
A total of 1,022 companies from 47 countries and regions ____11____ in the six-day event. Up to 261 aircraft and 248 types of ground equipment were on display. Nearly 590,000 people attended the event. Business ____12____ totaling around 285.6 billion yuan were signed at the exhibition.
Some star ____13____ included the J-35A stealth fighter jet, J-15T fighter jet and HQ-19 surface-to-air missile-weapon system. The cargo hold of the Y-20aircraft was shown to the public. Unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ships also ____14____ people’s attention.
In addition, the exhibition ____15____ some exciting new altitudes, from the far side of the Moon over 380,000 kilo-meters away to low-altitude airspace less than 1,000 meters above the ground. A sample of lunar soil was among the most notable items. It had been brought back by the Chang’e-6 mission. This 75-milligram piece ____16____ China’s recent progress and international cooperation in space exploration. It is ____17____ that the country’s ancient dream came true.
On November 15, China ____18____ Tianzhou-8. The cargo craft now delivers supplies to the Tiangong space station. More options for space delivery are on the way. Among them is a new space cargo shuttle ____19____ Haolong. It was introduced by the Aviation Industry Corporation/ of China (AVIC) at the airshow. According to the company, the shuttle could greatly cut the ____20____ of transporting cargo to and from China’s space station.
Cloze 15%
In China, no Spring Festival celebration would be ____21____ without oranges. The sweet fruit not only adorns decorated homes, but also ____22____ as a good snack for visitors because it peels easily.
The popularity of the fruit during the festive season has a long history. As early as the Qing Dynasty, Chinese parents would ____23____ fruit like oranges, dates (枣子) or persimmons (柿子) beside their children’s pillows, along with red envelopes under the pillow. The tradition was meant to ____24____ monsters from folk tales. The children would then eat the fruit upon waking up the next morning.
There are many ____25____ for why oranges have come to be considered such a lucky symbol. A major part of that comes from pronunciation. Some say the Mandarin pronunciation of the fruit “ju” sounds like the word for “ji” (good luck). Others ____26____ its Cantonese pronunciation “gam,” which is the same as the word “gold.”
The Chinese are known for a good amount of “luck talk” during Chinese New Year. The practice is believed to be a sign of good ____27____ for the rest of the year. Other fruit considered auspicious in Chinese culture include the apple, a homophone for “____28____” and the lychee, a homophone for “profit.” ____29____, of course, is nearly as popular as the orange during the festival.
Besides having an auspicious ring to its name, the reddish golden color and round shape of oranges are also ____30____ seen as symbols of good luck. They’ve even _____31_____ Chinese art lasting thousands of years. The _____32_____ poem The Orange Tree by the Warring States period poet Qu Yuan sings the praises of a young man, with the fruit and tree as its central metaphor. A letter to a friend by Wang Xizhi, _____33_____ by a gift of oranges, remains the great calligrapher’s most famous passages nearly 2,000 years later.
Today, the orange is such a popular fruit that people will shell out for the highest quality ones they can find. Meanwhile, the rest looking to buy regular, _____34_____ oranges usually have to deal with demand-driven price rises during Chinese New Year. The fruit has become practically a(an) _____35_____ for the most important holiday in almost every household in China.
21. A. capable B. complete C. complex D. common
22. A. regards B. creates C. serves D. stands
23. A. supply B. place C. carry D. deliver
24. A. set off B. put off C. ward off D. show off
25. A. explanations B. contributions C. conclusions D. occasions
26. A. attach to B. point to C. contribute to D. object to
27. A. attitude B. fortune C. attempt D. benefit
28. A. bonus B. affair C. advance D. safety
29. A. either B. neither C. something D. everything
30. A. barely B. widely C. causally D. necessarily
31 A. blocked B. inspired C. assembled D. approached
32. A. typical B. ancient C. ordinary D. critical
33. A. adapted B. aroused C. accompanied D. assessed
34. A. autonomous B. affordable C. artificial D. apparent
35. A. alternative B. attempt C. base D. necessity
【新题型突破：句子翻译】
一、翻译填空
1．This is the film I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou.
这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。
2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。
This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose)
3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。
Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum.
4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句）
Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me.
5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。
There are colorful after class activities in our school________________________________________．
二、整句翻译
1. 作为高中生，我们逐渐学会了如何适应自主学习并应对起起伏伏。 (adjust) (汉译英)
2. 过去的几个月见证了由人工智能推动的技术进步。 (witness) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. 由于缺乏强有力的措施，当地方言正面临消失殆尽的风险。 (lack) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. 尽管他在美国已经待了两年了，他仍很难认同他们的生活方式。(identify)(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. 我们学校为学生提供了各种活动来发展不同的技能。(a wide range of) （汉译英）
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. 随着人口增长，人类活动在很大程度上改变了地球的环境。(extent) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
7.由于我们使用的语言变得更加全球化，一些本地语受到濒临灭绝的威胁(threaten)。（汉译英）
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________25-26学年 高一定语从句专题+新题型（句子翻译）（解析版）
初中要求 初中阶段重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，掌握基本的关系代词用法，who（人）、which（物）、that（人或物）。
高中要求 高中阶段，除了初中阶段的关系代词，高中还会学习 whose（表示所有格）、whom（指人，作宾语）、as等。掌握更复杂的定语从句结构，包括省略关系代词和分隔式定语从句的使用。
【初中考点聚焦】
关系代词 "who"：
The girl who is standing over there is my sister.（站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹。）
关系代词 "which"：
The book which I read last night was very interesting.（我昨晚读的那本书非常有趣。）
关系代词 "that"：
The house that we bought last year is very spacious.（我们去年买的房子非常宽敞。）
【高中考点聚焦】
考纲解读
使用关系代词 "whose"：表示所有格，用于指人或物。
The man whose car was stolen is very upset.（他的车被偷了的那个男人非常不安。）
使用关系代词 "whom"：用作宾语，指人。
The scientist whom we invited will give us a lecture next week.（我们邀请的那位科学家下周将给我们做讲座。）
关系代词的省略：在定语从句中，当关系代词作宾语时，可以省略。
The book that I read is interesting.（我读的那本书很有趣。）
省略后：The book I read is interesting.
分隔式定语从句：定语从句不紧跟在先行词之后，而是被其他成分隔开。
The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.（我上周读的那本书非常有趣。）
考点清单
▇ 定义及相关术语
什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？
1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。
2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。
5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；
6.关系副词有：when, where, why等
例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday.
例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night
例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village
例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用
1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。
2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
二. 关系代词的功用？
▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。
作主语：
The person who/that broke the window must pay for it.
The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2. 作宾语：
She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3. 作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
The house whose windows are broken is empty.
4. 作状语
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　
This is the house where I was born.
总结1：
1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。
2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。
5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；
关系副词有：when, where, why等
总结2：
▇ 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。
4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。
The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。
5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：
The house whose windows are broken is empty.
=The house the windows of which are broken is empty.
=The house of which the windows are broken is empty.
注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n.
6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如：
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。
注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物
the same...that... 指同一个事物
▇ 定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况
1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。
Everything that he said was true.
2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。
This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.
The only thing that is constant is change.
There was little that we could do to help her.
3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.
This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.
4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
What is the first American film that you have seen
5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。（避免引导词的重复出现）
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
6.当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about
7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。
She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be.
He is not the man (that) he seems.
▇ 定语从句中只能用which引导的情况
1.当关系代词的前面有介词时
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
Is this the room in which Mr. White lives
2.在非限制性定语从句中
Crusoe’s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.
3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.（了解即可）
Let me show you the novel, which I borrowed from the library that was newly open to us.
4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时
Here’s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
5.先行词本身是that, 宜用which
What’s that which she is looking at
▇ 定语从句中只能用who引导的情况
在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。
1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
The ones who flatter me don’t please me.
Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.
2.先行词是those时，宜用who。
No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake.
3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。
I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province.
4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
5.在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who（指人）。指物时，也可以用that。
There is a young man who wants to see your father.
There are many old men who are against this plan.
There is a rule that should be obeyed.
注意事项：
1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词；
2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定；
3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别）
一、语法填空
1．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：互联网现在已经成为大多数人获取信息的首选之地。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词前有序数词修饰，应用关系代词that，故填that。
2．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱支付了英国政府要求的每个孩子50英镑。先行词为50 pounds ，作定语从句中required的宾语，关系代词为that或者which。故填that/which。
3．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：斯通先生是一位伟大的教育家，他从不停止激励他的学生和同事成为更好的人。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a great educator，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
4．Table read is not the only effective practice helps students improve their speaking. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：剧本朗读并不是帮助学生提高口语的唯一有效练习。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词practice，指物，在定语从句中作主语，并且先行词前面有the only修饰，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。
5．Lily told me everything she knew. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：莉莉把她知道的一些都告诉我了。限制性定语从句修饰先行词everything，先行词在从句作宾语，指物，且为不定代词，只能用that作引导词。故填that。
6．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们正在看的这幢楼曾经是一家医院。分析句子，设空处引导定语从句，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词the building，为物。故填that/which。
7．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：狼是高度群居的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是Wolves，关系词在从句中作定语，和success之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
8．This is the reason he gave me for his being late. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他给我的他迟到的理由。空处引导定语从句，先行词the reason，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
9．I will never forget the days I spent travelling with my grandparents. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我和祖父母一起旅行的日子。此处限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是the days，定语从句缺少宾语，应使用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
10．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/who/whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们谈论的那个护士英语说得很流利。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的连接词，且在从句中作宾语，先行词为人，所以可以用that，who或者whom。故答案为that或者who或者whom。
11．Someone is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有能力的人有做好某件事所必需的技能或品质。定语从句修饰someone，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。
12．The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/in which/不填
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：为避免惹恼你的同伴，你使用筷子的方式很重要。定语从句修饰先行词way，在从句作状语，应用that/in which或不填，故填that/in which/不填。
13．I admired Mr. Smith from class I graduated. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很钦佩史密斯先生，我毕业于他那个班。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词Mr. Smith，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和class之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。
14．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识自身优势的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，“those”是先行词，指代“那些人”，关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
15．The students are chatting about the books and writers will add to their favorites. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生们正在讨论他们最喜欢的书和作家。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the books and writers，在从句中作主语，当先行词既有人又有物时，用that引导定语从句。故填that。
阅读理解
With two locations, the Getty Villa in Malibu and the Getty Center in Los Angeles, the J. Paul Getty Museum serves a wide variety of audiences through its expanded range of exhibitions and programming in the visual arts.
Parking information
Parking is $15; $10 after 4:00 p.m. Pay once, park twice on the same day. And get same-day parking at both the Getty Center and the Getty Villa for one $15 fee.
MORE information about visiting the Getty Center and the Getty Villa
@The Getty Center See spectacular art and architecture at the top of Los Angeles. Admission is Free. Address:1200 Getty Center Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90049 Open Hours: Tuesday–Friday and Sunday 10:00 a.m.–5:30 p.m. Saturday 10:00 a.m.–9:00 p.m. Closed Mondays Open Mondays, December 21 and 28, 2020 Parking lot opens 9:30 a.m. Holiday closures: Thanksgiving, December 25 (Christmas Day), and January 1 Food & Drinks Lunch Tuesday–Saturday 11:30 a.m.–2:30 p.m. Dinner Saturday 5:00–9:00 p.m. Sunday Brunch Sunday 11:00 a.m.–3:00 p.m. Closed Mondays @ The Getty Villa Visit the ancient world of Greece and Rome. Admission is Free. An advance timed-entry ticket is required. Address 17985 Pacific Coast Highway, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 Open Hours: Wednesday–Monday 10:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Closed Tuesdays Open Tuesdays, December 22nd and 29, 2020 Holiday closures: Thanksgiving, December 25 (Christmas Day), and January 1 Food & Drinks Cafe at the Getty Villa Monday and Wednesday–Friday 11:00 a.m. – 3:00 p.m. Saturday and Sunday 11:00 a.m.– 4:00 p.m. Closed Tuesdays No reservations are required for the Cafe. Menu selections are created seasonally. Wine and beer are also available. Picnic Box Lunches Enjoy your own boxed lunch and grab-and-go items at any of the Getty Villa’s public seating areas, including the Outdoor Classical Theater.
55．Mr. Larry drove to the Getty Center and the Getty Villa on December 23 (Wednesday), 2020, and enjoyed a wonderful tour there. He paid the parking fee _______ altogether.
A．$10 B．$15
C．$20 D．$30
56．Which of the following statements is NOT true
A．The J. Paul Getty Museum is an art museum housed on two sites.
B．The Getty Villa is closed on the same holidays as the Getty Center.
C．The sale of alcohol is forbidden to people in the J. Paul Getty Museum.
D．Timed tickets must be obtained in advance in the Getty Villa.
57．People who go to the Getty Villa may _______.
A．enjoy the views overlooking Los Angeles
B．conduct the visit any time because the tickets are free
C．appreciate the arts and cultures of ancient Greece and ancient Rome
D．have lunches they bring with them anywhere inside the exhibition area
【答案】55．B 56．C 57．C
【导语】本文为一篇应用文，主要介绍了参观the J. Paul Getty Museum的一些相关信息。
55．细节理解题。根据第二自然段中“And get same-day parking at both the Getty Center and the Getty Villa for one $15 fee（在盖蒂中心（Getty Center）和盖蒂别墅（Getty Villa），只需支付15美元，就可以在当天停车）”可知，需要支付15美元的停车费，故选B项。
56．细节理解题。结合表格中右面图片下“Closed Tuesdays”部分中“Wine and beer are also available（可提供葡萄酒和啤酒）”可知，可以携带酒水，C选项“The sale of alcohol is forbidden to people in the J. Paul Getty Museum（J.Paul Getty博物馆禁止向人们出售酒水）”与之不符，故选C项。
57．细节理解题。结合表格中“Visit the ancient world of Greece and Rome（参观古希腊和古罗马）”可知，C项“appreciate the arts and cultures of ancient Greece and ancient Rome（欣赏古希腊和古罗马的艺术和文化）”与之相符，故选C项。
单选练习：
1. Many cartoonists ________ wonderful products are so popular will always be remembered.
A. whose B. who C. that D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多创作出精彩作品且作品很受欢迎的漫画家将永远被铭记。空处引导定语从句，先行词是cartoonists，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰wonderful products，表示 “……的”，所以要用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选 A。
2. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.
A. whom B. as C. about whom D. with whom
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：美国女性通常把她们最好的朋友视为可以经常交谈的人。talk with sb.和某人交谈。句中先行词是someone，指人，在定语从句中作talk with的宾语，所以用with+ whom引导定语从句。故选D。
3. You will find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. what C. where D. how
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你会发现出租车在汽车站等着，你可以租出租车去你的寄宿家庭。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是taxis，先行词指物，在从句中作hire的宾语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故选A。
4. Science instruments on the spacecraft sense signals ________ are coming from the outer space.
A. which scientists believe that B. that scientists believe
C. scientists believe that D. which scientists believe they
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：宇宙飞船上的科学仪器探测到科学家认为来自外太空的信号。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词signals，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词，scientists believe为插入语，与句子的其他部分无语法关系，仅对句子进行补充说明，应放在关系代词之后。故选B。
5. In an hour, we can travel to places ________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查关系代词。句意：在一个小时内，我们就可以去那些我们的祖先需要几天才能到达的地方。分析句子可知，places为先行词，作定语从句的主语，关系代词为which。故选C项。
6. She wanted to buy a new house ________.
A. that has a garden around it B. that a garden around it
C. where a garden around it D. where has a garden
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她想买一幢四周有花园的新房子。A选项是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a new house，先行词指物，关系代词that在从句中作主语，句子结构完整，语法正确。故选A。
7. Anyway, that evening, _______ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不管怎样，那天晚上，待会关于它我会告诉你更多，我最后呆在Rachel家了。先行词是that evening，定语从句中about缺少宾语，应用关系代词which。故选D。
8. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ________, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他孩子好得多，这当然让其他孩子嫉妒他。分析句子可知，of course是插入语，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词代替先行词在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which。故选D。
9. There were dirty marks on her trousers _________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她的裤子上她擦过手的地方有脏痕。分析句子可知本处是限定性定语从句，先行词为(on)her trousers，表示地点，且从句不缺主语、宾语，用where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；故选A项。
10. ________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报纸报道，两国之间的谈判正取得进展。分析句子结构可知，as引导非限定性定语从句，主句是：talks between the two countries are making progress，也是as所指代的内容。该句子可以改为：It is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress.，其中it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。也可以改为：What is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two countries are making progress.，其中what引导主语从句：what is reported in the newspaper，并在从句中作主语，that引导表语从句，不作成分，只起引导作用。综上分析，此题为第一种情况。故选B。
选词填空
A. deals B. created C. caught D. participated E. covered F. cost G. evidence H. named I. launched J. highlighted K. products
THE 15th CHINA INTERNATIONAL AVIATION AND AEROSPACE EXHIBITION, also known as Airshow China was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong, Province, from November 12 to 17, 2024.
A total of 1,022 companies from 47 countries and regions ____11____ in the six-day event. Up to 261 aircraft and 248 types of ground equipment were on display. Nearly 590,000 people attended the event. Business ____12____ totaling around 285.6 billion yuan were signed at the exhibition.
Some star ____13____ included the J-35A stealth fighter jet, J-15T fighter jet and HQ-19 surface-to-air missile-weapon system. The cargo hold of the Y-20aircraft was shown to the public. Unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ships also ____14____ people’s attention.
In addition, the exhibition ____15____ some exciting new altitudes, from the far side of the Moon over 380,000 kilo-meters away to low-altitude airspace less than 1,000 meters above the ground. A sample of lunar soil was among the most notable items. It had been brought back by the Chang’e-6 mission. This 75-milligram piece ____16____ China’s recent progress and international cooperation in space exploration. It is ____17____ that the country’s ancient dream came true.
On November 15, China ____18____ Tianzhou-8. The cargo craft now delivers supplies to the Tiangong space station. More options for space delivery are on the way. Among them is a new space cargo shuttle ____19____ Haolong. It was introduced by the Aviation Industry Corporation/ of China (AVIC) at the airshow. According to the company, the shuttle could greatly cut the ____20____ of transporting cargo to and from China’s space station.
【答案】11. D 12. A 13. K 14. C 15. E 16. J 17. G 18. I 19. H 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了第十五届中国国际航空航天展览会（简称航展）于2024年11月12日至17日在广东省珠海举行。介绍了展览会的一切情况。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：共有来自47个国家和地区的1022家公司参加了为期六天的活动。根据“in the six-day event”以及句意“参加”可知应填动词participate，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：此次展会共签订了约2856亿元的商业交易。根据“totaling around 285.6 billion yuan were signed at the exhibition”以及句意“交易”可知应填复数名词deals，作主语，故选A。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：一些明星产品包括J-35A隐形战斗机，J-15T战斗机和HQ-19地对空导弹武器系统。根据“included the J-35A stealth fighter jet, J-15T fighter jet and HQ-19 surface-to-air missile-weapon system”以及句意“产品”可知应填复数名词products，作主语，故选K。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：无人机和无人船也引起了人们的关注。根据“people’s attention”以及句意“引起”可知应填动词catch，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：此外，展览还涵盖了一些令人兴奋的新高度，从38万公里外的月球背面到距离地面不到1000米的低空空域。根据“some exciting new altitudes, from the far side of the Moon over 380,000 kilo-meters away to low-altitude airspace less than 1,000 meters above the ground”以及句意“涵盖”可知应填动词cover，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选E。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：这枚75毫克的碎片突出了中国最近在太空探索方面取得的进展和国际合作。根据“China’s recent progress and international cooperation in space exploration”以及句意“突出”可知应填动词highlight，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选J。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：这证明了这个国家古老的梦想实现了。根据“the country’s ancient dream came true”以及句意“证明”可知应填名词evidence，故选G。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：11月15日，中国发射了天舟8号。根据“Tianzhou-8”以及句意“发射”可知应填动词launch，根据上文On November 15可知为一般过去时。故选I。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：其中包括一架名为“浩龙”的新型货运航天飞机。根据“Haolong”以及句意“名为”可知应填动词name，与shuttle构成逻辑被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故选H。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：该公司表示，这架航天飞机可以大大降低往返中国空间站的货物运输成本。根据“transporting cargo to and from China’s space station”以及句意“成本”可知应填名词cost，作宾语，故选F。
Ⅳ.Cloze 15%
In China, no Spring Festival celebration would be ____21____ without oranges. The sweet fruit not only adorns decorated homes, but also ____22____ as a good snack for visitors because it peels easily.
The popularity of the fruit during the festive season has a long history. As early as the Qing Dynasty, Chinese parents would ____23____ fruit like oranges, dates (枣子) or persimmons (柿子) beside their children’s pillows, along with red envelopes under the pillow. The tradition was meant to ____24____ monsters from folk tales. The children would then eat the fruit upon waking up the next morning.
There are many ____25____ for why oranges have come to be considered such a lucky symbol. A major part of that comes from pronunciation. Some say the Mandarin pronunciation of the fruit “ju” sounds like the word for “ji” (good luck). Others ____26____ its Cantonese pronunciation “gam,” which is the same as the word “gold.”
The Chinese are known for a good amount of “luck talk” during Chinese New Year. The practice is believed to be a sign of good ____27____ for the rest of the year. Other fruit considered auspicious in Chinese culture include the apple, a homophone for “____28____” and the lychee, a homophone for “profit.” ____29____, of course, is nearly as popular as the orange during the festival.
Besides having an auspicious ring to its name, the reddish golden color and round shape of oranges are also ____30____ seen as symbols of good luck. They’ve even _____31_____ Chinese art lasting thousands of years. The _____32_____ poem The Orange Tree by the Warring States period poet Qu Yuan sings the praises of a young man, with the fruit and tree as its central metaphor. A letter to a friend by Wang Xizhi, _____33_____ by a gift of oranges, remains the great calligrapher’s most famous passages nearly 2,000 years later.
Today, the orange is such a popular fruit that people will shell out for the highest quality ones they can find. Meanwhile, the rest looking to buy regular, _____34_____ oranges usually have to deal with demand-driven price rises during Chinese New Year. The fruit has become practically a(an) _____35_____ for the most important holiday in almost every household in China.
21. A. capable B. complete C. complex D. common
22. A. regards B. creates C. serves D. stands
23. A. supply B. place C. carry D. deliver
24. A. set off B. put off C. ward off D. show off
25 A. explanations B. contributions C. conclusions D. occasions
26. A. attach to B. point to C. contribute to D. object to
27. A. attitude B. fortune C. attempt D. benefit
28. A. bonus B. affair C. advance D. safety
29. A. either B. neither C. something D. everything
30. A. barely B. widely C. causally D. necessarily
31. A. blocked B. inspired C. assembled D. approached
32. A. typical B. ancient C. ordinary D. critical
33. A. adapted B. aroused C. accompanied D. assessed
34. A. autonomous B. affordable C. artificial D. apparent
35. A. alternative B. attempt C. base D. necessity
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了橘子在中国春节庆祝活动中的重要性及原因。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在中国，没有橘子的春节庆祝活动是不完整的。A. capable有能力的；B. complete完整的；C. complex复杂的；D. common常见的。根据下文“The sweet fruit not only adorns decorated homes, but also _____ as a good snack for visitors because it peels easily.”可知，橘子有装饰作用，还很方便食用，由此可知，橘子是春节必备的水果，没有橘子的春节庆祝活动是不完整的。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种甜美的水果不仅装扮着装饰精美的房屋，而且因为容易去皮，也可用作款待客人的好零食。A. regards把……视为；B. creates创造；C. serves可用作，接待；D. stands站立。根据句中“because it peels easily”可知，橘子容易去皮，由此可知，橘子可用作款待客人的好零食。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：早在清朝，中国父母就会在孩子的枕头旁放橘子、枣子或柿子等水果，枕头下放红包。A. supply供应；B. place放置；C. carry携带；D. deliver递送。根据句中“along with red envelopes under the pillow”可知，中国父母在孩子的枕头下放红包，由此可知，他们把橘子、枣子或柿子等水果放置在孩子的枕头旁。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个传统是为了避开民间故事中的怪物。A. set off启程；B. put off推迟；C. ward off避开；D. show off炫耀。根据句中“monsters from folk tales”和中国传统文化可知，把橘子、枣子或柿子等水果放置在孩子的枕头旁是为了避开民间故事中的怪物。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于为什么橘子被认为是如此幸运的象征，有很多解释。A. explanations解释；B. contributions贡献；C. conclusions结论；D. occasions时机。根据下文“A major part of that comes from pronunciation.”可知，橘子被认为是幸运的象征的部分原因是它的发音，由此可知，下文在解释为什么橘子被认为是幸运的象征。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：其他人则指出它的广东话发音“gam”，与“gold (金子)”一词相同。A. attach to附加到；B. point to指出（问题或事实）；C. contribute to有助于；D. object to反对。根据句中“its Cantonese pronunciation “gam,” which is the same as the word “gold.””可知，橘子的广东话发音也是它被认为是幸运的象征的原因，由此可知，其他人指出了这个原因。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种做法被认为是今年剩余时间好运的征兆。A. attitude态度；B. fortune运气；C. attempt尝试；D. benefit益处。根据上文“The Chinese are known for a good amount of “luck talk” during Chinese New Year.”和中国文化可知，中国人在春节期间说大量的“吉利话”，这种做法是为了今年能有好运气。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中国文化中，其他被视为吉祥的水果包括苹果和荔枝，苹果是“平安”的谐音，荔枝是“利润”的谐音。A. bonus奖金；B. affair事件；C. advance进步；D. safety平安。根据句中“apple”和中国文化可知，“apple”的中文发音是“苹果”，是“平安”的谐音，所以被视为吉祥的水果。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：当然，这两种水果在节日期间都不如橙子受欢迎。A. either（两者中的）任何一个；B. neither两者都不；C. something某物，某事；D. everything每件事。根据上文“In China, no Spring Festival celebration would be _____ without oranges.”和中国文化可知，橘子是春节期间必不可少的水果，由此可知，苹果和荔枝都不如它受欢迎，“neither”意为“两者都不”，符合语境。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：除了名字有一个吉祥的特点外，橘子的红金色和圆形也被广泛认为是好运的象征。A. barely几乎不；B. widely广泛地；C. causally有原因地；D. necessarily必要地。根据上文“In China, no Spring Festival celebration would be _____ without oranges.”和中国文化可知，橘子是春节期间必不可少的水果，由此可知，因为它的颜色和形状，它被广泛认为是好运的象征。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们甚至激励延续数千年的中国艺术。A. blocked阻塞；B. inspired激励；C. assembled组装；D. approached接近。根据下文“The _____ poem The Orange Tree by the Warring States period poet Qu Yuan sings the praises of a young man, with the fruit and tree as its central metaphor.”可知，屈原的古诗《橘颂》是以橘喻人，由此可知，橘子激励了中国艺术。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：战国诗人屈原的古诗《橘颂》歌颂了一个年轻人，以水果和树为中心隐喻。A. typical典型的；B. ancient古代的；C. ordinary普通的；D. critical关键的。根据句中“The Orange Tree by the Warring States period poet Qu Yuan”可知，《橘颂》是战国诗人屈原的诗，由此可知，这是一首古代的诗歌。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：王羲之给朋友的一封信，伴随着一份橘子礼物，近2000年后，仍然是这位伟大书法家最著名的文章。A. adapted适应；B. aroused激起；C. accompanied伴随；D. assessed评估。根据句中“A letter to a friend by Wang Xizhi, _____ by a gift of oranges”可知，句中涉及的是王羲之的《奉橘贴》，是王羲之给朋友的一封信，伴随着一份橘子礼物。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，其他希望购买普通的、买得起的橘子的人通常不得不应对中国新年期间需求驱动的价格上涨。A. autonomous自主的；B. affordable买得起的；C. artificial人造的；D. apparent显而易见的。根据句中“regular”可知，有些人希望买的买普通、买得起的橘子，所以要应对价格上涨问题。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种水果几乎已经成为中国每个家庭最重要节日的必需品。A. alternative可选择的事物；B. attempt尝试；C. base基础；D. necessity必需品。根据上文“In China, no Spring Festival celebration would be _____ without oranges.”可知，在中国，没有橘子的春节庆祝活动是不完整的，由此可知，它几乎已经成为中国每个家庭最重要节日的必需品。故选D项。
【新题型突破：句子翻译】
一、翻译填空
1．This is the film I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou.
这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。
【答案】 first that
【详解】考查数词和定语从句。根据中英文提示，“第一”用序数词first；句中先行词为film，且被序数词修饰 ，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导。故填①the ②that。
2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。
This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose)
【答案】whose name is known
【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构，此处应为关系词whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词scientist，表示“全国知名的科学家”可转述为“科学家的名字被全国所知”，所以从句的主语应为“名字”name，与先行词the scientist之间为所属关系，所以使用whose引导定语从句；表示“知道”应为know，与name之间为被动关系，结合句意以及主句的谓语动词is可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语name为第三人称单数，所以从句的谓语动词为is known。故填whose name is known。
3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。
Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum.
【答案】the first place that he visited in China
【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，表示“第一个地方”应为the first place作宾语从句的主语，表示“他在中国参观的”应为定语从句修饰先行词the first place；分析句意可知，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以使用关系代词引导定语从句，先行词被序数词修饰，所以此处使用关系代词that，表示“他”应为he作定语从句的主语，表示“参观”应为visit作定语从句的谓语，根据谓语动词was可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，所以定语从句的谓语动词应为visited，表示“在中国”应为in China，所以定语从句应译为that he visited in China。故填the first place that he visited in China。
4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句）
Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me.
【答案】that happened in my childhood
【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意和提示可知，此处应为that引导的定语从句，表示“发生”应为happen，表示“在我的童年里”应为in my childhood，所以，从句谓语动词应为一般过去时，即谓语动词为happened，分析句子结构可知，先行词the accident在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that happened in my childhood。
5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。
There are colorful after class activities in our school________________________________________．
【答案】that/which are designed/aimed to broaden our horizons
【详解】考查定语从句。该空缺少的是定语部分“旨在扩大我们视野的”修饰先行词activities，应使用关系代词that或which作从句主语，谓语部分使用be designed/aimed to；“扩大我们视野”使用动词短语 broaden our horizons。根据主句时态及句意判断从句也应使用一般现在时。故填that/which are designed to broaden our horizons。
二、整句翻译：
1. 作为高中生，我们逐渐学会了如何适应自主学习并应对起起伏伏。 (adjust) (汉译英)
【答案】As senior high school students, we have gradually learned how to adjust to independent learning and deal with ups and downs.
【详解】考查短语和时态。“作为”用介词as；“高中生”翻译为high school students；“逐渐”用副词gradually；“学会”用动词learn；“适应”用短语adjust to；“自主学习”翻译为independent learning；“应对”用短语deal with；“起起伏伏”用短语ups and downs。句子描述过去的动作持续到现在，应用现在完成时。故翻译为As senior high school students, we have gradually learned how to adjust to independent learning and deal with ups and downs.
2. 过去的几个月见证了由人工智能推动的技术进步。 (witness) (汉译英)
【答案】The past few months have witnessed technological advancements driven by artificial intelligence.
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“过去的几个月”用the past few months，作主语；表示“见证”用动词witness，陈述过去动作对现在造成的影响，为现在完成时；表示“由人工智能推动的技术进步”用过去分词短语driven by artificial intelligence，作后置定语修饰technological advancements，翻译为technological advancements driven by artificial intelligence。故翻译为The past few months have witnessed technological advancements driven by artificial intelligence.
3. 由于缺乏强有力的措施，当地方言正面临消失殆尽的风险。 (lack) (汉译英)
【答案】Due to a lack of strong measures, local dialects are at risk of disappearing completely.
【详解】考查时态。句子陈述事实用一般现在时，“由于”表达为due to；“缺乏”表达为a lack of...；“强有力的措施”表达为strong measures；“由于缺乏强有力的措施”为原因状语，故应用“介词短语due to+名词”，表达为：Due to a lack of strong measures；主语“当地方言”表达为local dialects；谓语动词用be动词are，“面临……的风险”表达为at risk of doing...，为介词短语作表语；“消失殆尽”表达为disappear completely，动名词作介词of的宾语。故翻译为：Due to a lack of strong measures, local dialects are at risk of disappearing completely.
4. 尽管他在美国已经待了两年了，他仍很难认同他们的生活方式。(identify)(汉译英)
【答案】Although he has been in the United States for two years, he still has great difficulty identifying with their way of life.
【详解】考查让步状语从句、时态、固定短语、非谓语动词。表示“尽管”用although，引导让步状语从句。从句中：表示“他”，用he，作主语；表示“待”用 be in，根据“已经待了两年”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，时态用现在完成时，主语是he，助动词用has，表示“两年”用for two years，所以从句翻译为Although he has been in the United States for two years。主句中：主语用he；表示“仍”用still；表示“做某事有困难”用固定短语have difficulty (in) doing sth.，主句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式has；表示“认同”用identify with，用动名词，作宾语；表示“他们的生活方式”用their way of life，作identifying with的宾语，所以主句翻译为he still has great difficulty identifying with their way of life。故翻译为：Although he has been in the United States for two years, he still has great difficulty identifying with their way of life.
5. 我们学校为学生提供了各种活动来发展不同的技能。(a wide range of) （汉译英）
【答案】Our school provides students with a wide range of activities to develop different skills.
【详解】考查时态和短语。陈述现在的事实，为一般现在时。“提供某人某物”为provide sb with sth；“各种活动”为 a wide range of activities ；“来发展不同的技能”为to develop different skills，作目的状语。故翻译为：Our school provides students with a wide range of activities to develop different skills.
6. 随着人口增长，人类活动在很大程度上改变了地球的环境。(extent) (汉译英)
【答案】As the population grows, human activities have changed the earth’s environment to a large extent.
【详解】考查短语，状语从句和时态。表示“随着人口增长”可以用as引导时间状语从句，描述事实，用一般现在时，从句主语“人口”用the population，表示“增长”用动词grow，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式grows；表示“人类活动”用human activities作主句主语，表示“改变地球的环境”用change the earth’s environment，描述人类活动从过去到现在产生的影响，用现在完成时，主语是复数形式，助动词用have，表示“在很大程度上”用to a large extent在句中作状语。故翻译为As the population grows, human activities have changed the earth’s environment to a large extent.
7.由于我们使用的语言变得更加全球化，一些本地语受到濒临灭绝的威胁(threaten)。（汉译英）
【答案】As the language we use becomes more globalized, some local languages are threatened with extinction.
【详解】考查状语从句和时态。表示“由于”用as引导原因状语从句，表示“我们使用的语言”翻译为the language we use；表示“变得更加全球化”为becomes more globalized；主句主语表示“一些本地语”为some local languages；表示“受到……的威胁”可用be threatened with，后跟名词extinction，作宾语。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为As the language we use becomes more globalized, some local languages are threatened with extinction.

展开更多......

收起↑