Unit1People of Achievement同步词汇笔记清单素材-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版(2019)选择性第一册

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Unit1People of Achievement同步词汇笔记清单素材-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版(2019)选择性第一册

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人教版 选择性必修一 UNIT 1 People of Achievement. 同步词汇笔记
序号 单词 派生词 核心考点 例句
1 physiology / f zi l d i/ n. 生理学;生理机能 physiological adj. 生理的 N/A She majors in physiology at a famous medical university.(她在一所著名的医科大学主修生理学。)
2 artemisinin / ɑ t mi s n n/ n. [药]青蒿素 N/A N/A Artemisinin is widely used to treat malaria in tropical regions.(青蒿素在热带地区被广泛用于治疗疟疾。)
3 crucial / kru l/ adj. 至关重要的;关键性的 crucially adv. 关键地 be crucial to/for 对……至关重要 Every step in the experiment is crucial to the final result.(实验中的每一步对最终结果都至关重要。)
4 malaria /m le ri / n. 疟疾 N/A N/A In the past, many people died from malaria due to lack of effective drugs.(过去,由于缺乏有效药物,许多人死于疟疾。)
5 vital / va tl/ adj. 必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的 vitality n. 活力 be vital to/for 对……必不可少 A balanced diet is vital to maintaining good health.(均衡饮食对保持健康必不可少。)
6 committed /k m t d/ adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的 1. commit vt. 承诺;投入2. commitment n. 承诺;投入 be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事 The team is committed to completing the project ahead of schedule.(这个团队致力于提前完成项目。)
7 commit /k m t/ vt. 承诺;保证;vi. 忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 1. committed adj. 尽心尽力的2. commitment n. 承诺 commit oneself to (sth/doing sth) 承诺做某事 He committed himself to helping the poor children get education.(他承诺帮助贫困儿童获得教育。)
8 commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) N/A commit oneself to (sth/doing sth) 承诺做某事 She committed herself to studying English every day.(她承诺每天学习英语。)
9 academy / k d mi/ n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校 academic adj. 学业的;学术的;n. 学者 the Academy of Sciences 科学院 He was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences.(他当选为国家科学院院士。)
10 academic / k dem k/ adj. 学业的;学术的 1. academy n. 研究院;学会2. academically adv. 学业上;学术上 1. academic performance 学业表现2. academic research 学术研究 Her academic performance has been among the top in her class.(她的学业表现一直处于班级前列。)
11 objective / b d ekt v/ n. 目标;目的;adj. 客观的 1. objectively adv. 客观地2. objectivity n. 客观性 1. set an objective 设定目标2. be objective about 对……客观 We need to set clear objectives for our English learning this term.(我们需要为这学期的英语学习设定明确目标。)
12 botanical /b t n kl/ adj. 植物学的 1. botany n. 植物学2. botanist n. 植物学家 botanical garden 植物园 They visited the botanical garden to observe rare plants.(他们参观了植物园,观察珍稀植物。)
13 evaluate / v ljue t/ vt. 评价;评估 evaluation n. 评价;评估 evaluate sth/sb 评价某事/某人 Teachers usually evaluate students' performance through exams and homework.(老师通常通过考试和作业评价学生的表现。)
14 property / pr p ti/ n. 性质;特征;财产 N/A 1. physical properties 物理性质2. private property 私人财产 This material has the property of being heat-resistant.(这种材料具有耐热的性质。)
15 distinct /d st kt/ adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的 1. distinctly adv. 清晰地2. distinction n. 区别;差异 be distinct from 与……不同 The two concepts are distinct from each other and should not be confused.(这两个概念彼此不同,不应混淆。)
16 extract / ekstr kt/ n. 提取物;摘录;/ k str kt/ vt. 提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出 extraction n. 提取;摘录 extract sth from sth 从……中提取/摘录某物 Workers extract juice from grapes to make wine.(工人从葡萄中提取汁液酿造葡萄酒。)
17 wormwood / w mw d/ n. 蒿;洋艾 N/A N/A Wormwood is the key plant used to extract artemisinin.(蒿是提取青蒿素的关键植物。)
18 boil /b l/ vt. & vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开;n. 沸腾;沸点 1. boiling adj. 沸腾的2. boiled adj. 煮熟的 1. boil water 烧水2. come to a boil 达到沸点 She boiled some water and made a cup of tea.(她烧了些水,泡了一杯茶。)
19 liquid / l kw d/ n. 液体;adj. 液体的;液态的 N/A 1. liquid state 液态2. liquid food 流质食物 Oil and water are both common liquids in daily life.(油和水都是日常生活中常见的液体。)
20 obtain / b te n/ vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得;vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行 obtainment n. 获得(较正式) obtain sth 获得某物 He obtained a scholarship after years of hard work.(经过多年努力,他获得了奖学金。)
21 acknowledge / k n l d / vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢 acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢 1. acknowledge doing sth 承认做过某事2. acknowledge sb for sth 因某事感谢某人 She acknowledged making a mistake in her report.(她承认在报告中犯了一个错误。)
22 defeat /d fi t/ n. 失败;挫败;vt. 击败;战胜 N/A 1. defeat sb 击败某人2. suffer a defeat 遭受失败 Our team defeated the strong opponent in the basketball match.(我们队在篮球比赛中击败了强劲的对手。)
23 analyse (NAmE -ze) / n la z/ vt. 分析 1. analysis n. 分析(pl. analyses)2. analytical adj. 分析的 1. analyse data 分析数据2. analyse a problem 分析问题 The researcher spent a month analysing the survey results.(研究人员花了一个月时间分析调查结果。)
24 apparently / p r ntli/ adv. 显而易见;看来;显然 apparent adj. 明显的;表面上的 N/A Apparently, he has not prepared for the exam at all.(显然,他根本没有为考试做准备。)
25 substance / s bst ns/ n. 物质;物品;事实根据 N/A 1. chemical substance 化学物质2. have substance 有实质内容 The lab is testing a new substance that can kill bacteria.(实验室正在测试一种能杀菌的新物质。)
26 insist / n s st/ vi. & vt. 坚持;坚决要求 1. insistence n. 坚持2. insistent adj. 坚持的 1. insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求(做)某事2. insist that 坚持认为(从句可接虚拟语气) She insists on going to the library every weekend.(她坚决要求每个周末去图书馆。)
27 insist on 坚决要求 N/A insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求(做)某事 He insists on finishing the work before going home.(他坚决要求在回家前完成工作。)
28 scientific / sa n t f k/ adj. 科学(上)的;关于科学的 1. science n. 科学2. scientist n. 科学家3. scientifically adv. 科学地 1. scientific method 科学方法2. scientific research 科学研究 We should solve this problem with scientific methods.(我们应该用科学方法解决这个问题。)
29 mostly / m stli/ adv. 主要地;一般地 most adj. 最多的;adv. 最 N/A The students in this class are mostly from small towns.(这个班的学生主要来自小城镇。)
30 wear and tear(正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗 N/A N/A The old furniture has shown signs of wear and tear after years of use.(这组旧家具使用多年后已出现磨损痕迹。)
31 conclusion /k n klu n/ n. 结论;推论 conclude vt. 得出结论;结束 1. draw a conclusion 得出结论2. in conclusion 总之 From the experiment, we can draw the conclusion that the hypothesis is correct.(从实验中,我们可以得出假设正确的结论。)
32 penicillin / pen s l n/ n. 青霉素;盘尼西林 N/A N/A Penicillin was one of the most important medical discoveries in the 20th century.(青霉素是20世纪最重要的医学发现之一。)
33 flee /fli / vi. & vt. (fled, fled) 迅速离开;逃跑 flight n. 逃跑;航班 flee from 从……逃跑 Many people fled from the flooded area to safe places.(许多人从洪水灾区逃到了安全的地方。)
34 circumstance / s k mst ns/ n. [usually pl.] 条件;环境;状况 circumstantial adj. 间接的;环境的 1. under the circumstances 在这种情况下2. in different circumstances 在不同情况下 Under the circumstances, we have to change our original plan.(在这种情况下,我们不得不改变原计划。)
35 novelist / n v l st/ n. 小说家 1. novel n. 小说2. novelistic adj. 小说的 N/A Mo Yan is a famous Chinese novelist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature.(莫言是中国著名小说家,获得了诺贝尔文学奖。)
36 novel / n vl/ n.(长篇)小说 novelist n. 小说家 1. a science fiction novel 科幻小说2. write a novel 写小说 She spent two years writing her first novel.(她花了两年时间写她的第一部小说。)
37 flow /fl / n. 流;流动;流畅;供应;vi. 流;流动 flowing adj. 流动的;流畅的 1. flow from 从……流出2. the flow of traffic 交通流量 Water flows from the mountains into the lake below.(水从山上流进下面的湖里。)
38 chart /t ɑ t/ n. 图表;vt. 记录;制订计划 N/A 1. a flow chart 流程图2. chart data 记录数据 The teacher used a chart to show the process of the experiment clearly.(老师用图表清晰地展示了实验流程。)
39 flow chart 流程图 N/A N/A We need to draw a flow chart to organize the steps of the project.(我们需要画一个流程图来梳理项目步骤。)
40 found /fa nd/ vt. 创建;建立;把……建立在 foundation n. 基础;基金会 1. found a company 创办公司2. found sth on sth 把某事建立在某事基础上 This university was founded in 1905.(这所大学创办于1905年。)
41 infer / n f (r)/ vt. 推断;推定 inference n. 推断;推论 infer sth from sth 从……中推断出某事 We can infer from his behavior that he is angry.(我们可以从他的行为中推断出他在生气。)
42 politician / p l t n/ n. 从政者;政治家;政客 1. politics n. 政治2. political adj. 政治的 N/A The politician gave a speech on environmental protection last week.(这位从政者上周就环境保护发表了演讲。)
43 numerous / nju m r s/ adj. 众多的;许多的 N/A numerous + 可数名词复数 许多…… There are numerous reasons for the success of this project.(这个项目的成功有很多原因。)
44 theory / θ ri/ n. 理论;学说 1. theoretical adj. 理论的2. theorist n. 理论家 1. the theory of evolution 进化论2. in theory 在理论上 Einstein's theory of relativity changed people's understanding of the universe.(爱因斯坦的相对论改变了人们对宇宙的认知。)
45 relativity / rel t v ti/ n. 相对论;相对性 relative adj. 相对的;n. 亲戚 the theory of relativity 相对论 Students learn about the theory of relativity in high school physics classes.(学生在高中物理课上学习相对论。)
46 formula / f mj l / n. 公式;方程式;配方 formulate vt. 制定;表述 1. mathematical formula 数学公式2. the formula for ……的配方 Please remember the formula for the area of a triangle.(请记住三角形的面积公式。)
47 genius / d i ni s/ n. (pl. geniuses) 天才;天资;天赋 N/A a genius for sth 在某事上有天赋 He has a genius for music and can play many instruments.(他在音乐方面有天赋,会演奏多种乐器。)
48 gentle / d entl/ adj. 温柔的;文静的 1. gently adv. 温柔地;轻轻地2. gentleness n. 温柔 1. gentle person 温柔的人2. gentle wind 微风 She has a gentle voice and always speaks politely.(她声音温柔,说话总是很有礼貌。)
49 patent / pe tnt; p tnt/ n. 专利;专利证书;获得专利;adj. 有专利的;受专利保护的 patent vt. 授予专利 1. apply for a patent 申请专利2. patent technology 专利技术 He applied for a patent for his new invention last month.(他上个月为他的新发明申请了专利。)
50 passion / p n/ n. 酷爱;激情 passionate adj. 热情的;酷爱的 passion for sth 对某事的酷爱 She has a great passion for painting and paints every day.(她对绘画有极大的热爱,每天都画画。)
51 doctorate / d kt r t/ n. 博士学位 doctor n. 博士;医生 1. get a doctorate 获得博士学位2. doctorate in sth 某领域的博士学位 He got a doctorate in computer science from Stanford University.(他从斯坦福大学获得了计算机科学博士学位。)
52 extraordinary / k str dnri; NAmE k str rd neri/ adj. 不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的 extraordinarily adv. 非凡地;特别地 N/A She has made extraordinary contributions to the field of biology.(她在生物学领域做出了非凡的贡献。)
53 gradually / gr d u li/ adv. 逐渐地;逐步地 gradual adj. 逐渐的;逐步的 N/A The temperature gradually drops as winter approaches.(随着冬天的临近,气温逐渐下降。)
54 photoelectric / f t lektr k/ adj. 光电的 photoelectricity n. 光电 photoelectric effect 光电效应 The photoelectric effect was first explained by Albert Einstein.(光电效应最早由阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦解释。)
55 come to power(开始)掌权;上台 N/A come to power 掌权;上台 The new government came to power in 2023.(新政府于2023年上台掌权。)
56 institution / nst tju n/ n. 社会公共机构;制度;习俗 institutional adj. 机构的;制度的 1. educational institution 教育机构2. social institution 社会机构 This hospital is a well-known medical institution in the city.(这家医院是该市著名的医疗机构。)
57 institute / nst tju t/ n.(教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑 N/A research institute 研究所 He works in a national research institute focusing on environmental science.(他在一家专注于环境科学的国家研究所工作。)
58 consequence / k ns kw ns/ n. 结果;后果 1. consequent adj. 随之发生的2. consequently adv. 因此 1. as a consequence 因此2. the consequences of ……的后果 Overusing plastic bags will have serious consequences for the environment.(过度使用塑料袋会对环境造成严重后果。)
59 take up a position 担任;任职 N/A take up a position as 担任……职位 She took up a position as a professor at the local university.(她在当地大学担任教授一职。)
60 moustache [especially US mustache] /m stɑ ; NAmE m st / n. 上唇的胡子;髭 N/A N/A He grew a moustache to look more mature.(他留了上唇胡子,看起来更成熟。)
61 peculiarity /p kju li r ti/ n. 个性;特点;怪异的性质 peculiar adj. 独特的;奇怪的 a peculiarity of ……的特点 One peculiarity of this animal is that it sleeps during the day.(这种动物的一个特点是白天睡觉。)
62 encounter / n ka nt (r)/ vt. 偶然碰到;遇到;n. 邂逅;遭遇 N/A 1. encounter sb/sth 偶然遇到某人/某物2. an encounter with 与……的邂逅 I encountered an old classmate on my way to the supermarket.(我在去超市的路上偶然遇到了一位老同学。)
63 professor /pr fes (r)/ n. 教授 1. profess vt. 声称;教授2. professorial adj. 教授的 Professor + 姓氏 某教授 Professor Wang will give a lecture on history this Friday.(王教授本周五将做一场历史讲座。)
64 mourn /m n/ vt. & vi. 哀悼;忧伤 1. mourning n. 哀悼2. mournful adj. 悲伤的 mourn for sb 为某人哀悼 The whole nation mourned for the heroes who died in the disaster.(全国人民为在灾难中牺牲的英雄哀悼。)
65 remarkable /r mɑ k bl/ adj. 非凡的;显著的 remarkably adv. 显著地;非常 be remarkable for 因……而非凡 This city is remarkable for its ancient architecture.(这座城市因其古老的建筑而非凡。)
66 device /d va s/ n. 方法;技巧;装置;仪器 devise vt. 设计;发明 1. electronic device 电子设备2. a device for ……的装置 This new device can help people monitor their heart rate.(这种新装置能帮助人们监测心率。)
67 sum /s m/ vt. 总结;概括;n. 金额;款项;总数;总和 summary n. 总结;概括 1. sum up 总结;概括2. the sum of ……的总和 Let me sum up the main points of today's meeting.(让我总结一下今天会议的要点。)
68 sum up 总结;概括 N/A sum up sth 总结某事 The teacher summed up the key knowledge at the end of the class.(老师在课结束时总结了关键知识点。)
69 draft /drɑ ft/ n. 草稿;草案;vt. 起草;草拟 draft adj. 草稿的 1. a draft of ……的草稿2. draft a document 起草文件 He is revising the draft of his thesis.(他正在修改论文草稿。)
70 Nobel Prize / n bel pra z/ 诺贝尔奖 N/A win the Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖 Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.(屠呦呦在2015年获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。)
71 Alexander Fleming / l g zɑ nd flem / 亚历山大·弗莱明 N/A N/A Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.(亚历山大·弗莱明在1928年发现了青霉素。)
72 Albert Einstein / lb t a nsta n/ 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 N/A N/A Albert Einstein is famous for his theory of relativity.(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦以相对论闻名于世。)
73 Hitler / h tl / 希特勒 N/A N/A Hitler was a notorious leader who caused great disasters in history.(希特勒是历史上臭名昭著的领袖,造成了巨大灾难。)
74 Florence Nightingale / fl r ns na t ge l/ 弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔 N/A N/A Florence Nightingale is known as the "Lady with the Lamp" and founded modern nursing.(弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔被称为“提灯女神”,创立了现代护理学。)
75 SARS /sɑ z/ abbr. 严重急性呼吸综合征 N/A N/A SARS is a highly contagious respiratory disease.(严重急性呼吸综合征是一种传染性很强的呼吸道疾病。)
76 Switzerland / sw ts l nd/ 瑞士(国家名) Swiss adj. 瑞士的;n. 瑞士人 N/A Switzerland is famous for its beautiful mountains and high-quality watches.(瑞士以其美丽的山脉和高品质的手表闻名。)
77 Swiss /sw s/ adj. 瑞士的;n. (pl. Swiss) 瑞士人 Switzerland n. 瑞士 1. Swiss cheese 瑞士奶酪2. the Swiss 瑞士人(复数) The Swiss are known for their punctuality and precision.(瑞士人以守时和严谨闻名。)
78 Isaac Newton / a z k nju tn/ 艾萨克·牛顿 N/A N/A Isaac Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation.(艾萨克·牛顿发现了万有引力定律。)
79 Jewish / d u / adj. 犹太人的;犹太教的 1. Jew n. 犹太人2. Judaism n. 犹太教 Jewish culture 犹太文化 She is studying Jewish history and culture at university.(她在大学里学习犹太历史和文化。)
80 Princeton / pr nst n/ 普林斯顿(美国城市) N/A Princeton University 普林斯顿大学 He studied at Princeton University for his master's degree in economics.(他在普林斯顿大学攻读经济学硕士学位。)

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