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选择性必修第四册　UNIT 2　ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
【词句积累】
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.iconic adj.　　　　 符号的;图标的
2.didgeridoo n. 迪吉里杜管
3.equator n. 赤道
4.barbecue n.(abbr.BBQ) 户外烧烤;烤架
5.butcher n. 肉贩;屠夫;刽子手
6.herb n. 药草;香草;草本
7.vibrate vt.& vi. (使)振动
8.horn n. (乐器)号
9.pitch n. 音高
10.slogan n. 标语;口号
11.getaway n. 适合度假的地方
12.kayaking n. 划皮艇
13.domain n. 领域;领土;范围
14.liberty n. 自由
15.golf n. 高尔夫球运动
16.strait n. 海峡
17.geyser n. 间歇泉
18.pouch n. 育儿袋;小袋子;荷包
19.phase n. 阶段;时期
20.mammal n. 哺乳动物
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.a French bakery　　　　　 一家法式面包店
2.issue a joint statement 发表一条联合声明
3.far from straightforward 远非简单明了的
4.the foreign minister 外交部长
5.a premier sports event 一场重要的体育赛事
6.a bow and arrow 弓箭
7.major sponsors of the Olympics 奥运会主赞助商
8.a hollow tree 一棵空心的树
9.a representative sample 一个有代表性的样本
10.temporary accommodation 临时住所
11.the trunk of the tree 树干
12.a special session 一次特别的会议
13.an eagle’s nest 一个鹰巢
14.hatch a solution 策划一个解决方案
15.a wooden fence 一堵木栅栏
16.a grand design 一个宏伟的蓝图
17.as a historic monument 作为历史遗迹
18.a frog jumping into the pond 跳进池塘的青蛙
19.a visit to a prison 参观监狱
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.foundation n.　　 创建;基础;地基
found vt. 创办;创建;建立
founder n. 创建者;创始人
2.political adj. 政治的
politics n. 政治;政治学
politician n. 政治家;政客
3.located adj. 位于
locate vt. 找出……的位置;把……设置(在);使……坐落(于)
location n. 地点;位置
4.freedom n. 自由;不受……影响的状态
free adj. 自由的;空闲的;免费的
vt. 释放;使摆脱;解除
5.distribution n. 分布;分配;分发
distribute vt. 分发;分配;分布
6.entitle vt. 给……命名(或题名);使享有权利
entitlement n. 权利;资格
7.dive vi.& n.(dived/dove,dived) 潜水;跳水;俯冲
diver n. 潜水者;潜水员
8.licensed adj. 得到正式许可的
license vt. 批准;许可 n.(=licence)许可证;执照
9.frequency n. 发生率;重复率;(声波或电磁波振动的)频率
frequent adj. 频繁的
frequently adv. 频繁地
10.violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的
violence n. 暴力;暴行
violently adv. 粗暴地;强烈地
11.biology n. 生理;生物学
biological adj. 生物学的
biologist n. 生物学家
12.capacity n. 能力;容量
capable adj. 有能力的;能干的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.be native to　　　 原产于
2.feel at home 舒适,自在
3.pick up 捡起;(无意中) 学会;接收;(开车)接某人
4.come across 偶然遇到
5.dim sim (特指澳大利亚的)点心
6.prime minister 首相;总理
7.peak season 高峰季节
8.bungee jumping 蹦极跳
9.a flock of 一群(羊或鸟)
10.a handful of 少数人(或物);一把(的量)
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and what I learn.(what引导名词性从句)
我打算用这个博客来记录我的经历和我学到的东西。
2.I can’t wait to see all of them!(can’t/couldn’t wait to do sth)
我迫不及待想见到所有这一切!
3.It’s almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia.(It’s time for sb to do sth)
差不多是我跟澳大利亚说再见的时候了。
4.Our topic today is “Creatures Unique to Australia”,with questions answered by wildlife expert,Dr Jim Smith.(with复合结构)
我们今天的话题是“澳大利亚特有的生物”,由野生动物专家吉姆·史密斯博士回答问题。
5.Personally speaking,what I like most about Australia is the people themselves.They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life,and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went.(人物描写)
对我个人来说,澳大利亚让我最喜欢的就是这里的人民。他们对待生活的态度简单直率、随性洒脱,他们的友善和热情让我无论走到哪里都有宾至如归的感觉。
构词法日积月累
名词后缀-dom ①表示情况、状态、性质、身份②表示领域
直接加 freedom n.自由;kingdom王国;wisdom智慧;boredom无聊
【考点突破】
一、热考词汇
1.located adj.处于;位于;坐落于[locate vt.找出……的位置;把……设置(在);使……坐落(于)
location n.地点;位置]
【佳句背诵】
Located on the coast of the East China Sea,the town has a history of more than 300 years and a population of 200,000.(景点介绍)
坐落在东海之滨,这个镇有着300多年的历史和20万人口。
be located in/on/at 位于;坐落于
【以练促学】
单句写作
①Using the map,　　　　　 　　　　　 around the school.This helped us get familiar with the campus during our first week.
借助地图,我们能定位学校周围的所有重要的地方。这帮助我们在第一周熟悉了校园。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
②Instead of trying to navigate the entire building at once,she would focus on one floor at a time.She made note of where her classrooms were,as well as 　　　　　 　　　　　　,cafeteria,and gym. She continued this process for each floor of the building.(动作描写;2024·浙江1月卷)
她没有试图一次探索整个建筑,而是每次专注于一层楼。她记下了教室的位置,以及图书馆、食堂和体育馆的位置。她对大楼的每一层都以这种方式进行了解。
2.freedom n.自由;不受……影响的状态(free adj.免费的;自由的;不受约束的 vt.使自由;解放;释放 freely adv.自由地;不受限制地)
【佳句背诵】
What satisfies me most is that I have the freedom to choose what I like.
最使我满意的是我可以自由地选择我喜欢的东西。
have the freedom to do sth　　 自由做某事
be free to do sth 自由做某事
set...free 使……获得自由;释放……
free (sb/sth) from/of... 将……从……中释放;使……摆脱……
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①During the holidays,I have the freedom 　　　　　　(plan) my own schedule.
②Besides enriching the school life,the winter hiking also 　　　　　 　　　　　　.(活动介绍)
除了丰富学校生活,冬季徒步旅行也让我们学生从繁重的学习中解脱出来。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③As soon as the hummingbird 　　　　　 　　　　　　,it spread its wings and soared into the open sky,　　　　　 　　　　　　.(动作描写;2023·浙江1月卷)
一从笼子里释放出来,蜂鸟就展开翅膀飞向开阔的天空,享受着新的自由。
3.capacity n.能力;容量(capable adj.有能力的;有才干的)
【佳句背诵】
With a capacity to speak English fluently,I have no difficulty communicating with foreign visitors.(申请信)
我能说一口流利的英语,与外国游客交流没有困难。
have the capacity to do... 有做……的能力
at full capacity 全力以赴
be capable of... 能够……
【以练促学】
一句多译
①我有能力完美组织将在本市举行的中国画展览。
→　　　　　 　　　　　　 the Chinese Painting Exhibition to be held in this local city.(capacity)
→　　　　　 　　　　　　 the Chinese Painting Exhibition to be held in this local city.(capable)
【教考衔接】
单句写作
②As soon as the starting whistle blew,David swung his feet forward 　　　　　　. He could feel the energy flowing through his body,driving him forward as fast as he could go.(动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
起跑哨声一响,戴维全力向前摆动双脚。他能感觉到能量流遍全身,驱使他以最快的速度向前奔跑。
【片段巩固】
用located;freedom;capacity完成介绍学校图书馆片段
地点介绍之写作提示:图书馆位于二楼→靠近科学教室→自由地阅读和学习的地方→容纳多达100名学生
二、一词多义
1.iconic /a k n k/ adj.符号的;图标的;标志性的;偶像的(生义)
①Controls must have text or iconic labels on them to make sense.　　　　　
②The Sydney Opera House and the Great Ocean Road are two iconic buildings in Australia.　　　　　
③The ads helped Nike to achieve iconic status.　　　　　
2.hatch /h t / vi.孵出;破壳 vt.使孵出;策划;(尤指)密谋(生义)
①The female bird must find a warm place to lay eggs and hatch them.　　　　　
②I hear that you have been hatching up a deal with Paul.　　　　　
③Some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch.　　　　　
3.joint /d nt/ n.公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所);关节;连接处;接头 adj.联合的;共同的(生义)
①Ever since the injury,the joints in his legs have ached in the rainy weather.　　　　　
②They were joint owners of the house by the appointment.　　　　　
③Something must have been wrong.Let’s check the joint between the inner and outer panels.　　　　　
4.dive into一心投入;跳入;迅速把手伸入
①He has been diving into the history of Chinese literature.　　　　　
②She dived into the water with perfect posture and won cheers.　　　　　
③He dived into his pocket and took out a couple of coins.　　　　　
5.trunk /tr k/ n.树干;箱子(生义);象鼻(生义)
During our school trip to the forest,we saw a large tree with a thick trunk①.Our guide also showed us an elephant,which used its trunk② to grab leaves.At the end of the trip,I packed all my clothes into a big trunk③ for the ride home.　　　　　
三、写作迁移
句型公式:what引导名词性从句
课本原句:I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and what I learn.
我打算用这个博客来记录我的经历和我学到的东西。
【佳句背诵】
What impressed me most was the creativity displayed by the students in the art competition.(活动介绍)
给我印象最深的是学生们在艺术比赛中展现出的创造力。
(1)功能:可用作主语、宾语或表语
(2)意义:what具有连接代词性质
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s 　　　　　　it takes to do anything well.
②　　　　　 is what we can do for ocean protection instead of just shouting slogans.
(短文投稿;2022·全国甲卷)我们应该关注的是我们能为海洋保护做什么而不是仅仅喊口号。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③　　　　　 　　　　　　 is that pairing us up randomly could result in failure in oral improvement,as we are at different levels of oral proficiency.(建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
令我担忧的是,随机地将我们配对可能会导致口语提升方面的失败,因为我们的口语水平各不相同。
【能力突破练】
维度一　单元知识运用
1.In our school,we have the freedom 　　　　　 (join) any club we like.I join the science club because I’m interested in experiments.
2.Our school 　　　　　　(locate) on a quiet street,away from the busy city.It’s a peaceful place to study,with lots of trees and open spaces.
3.Our school gym has the capacity 　　　　(hold) over 500 students.It’s the largest space in the school and is used for many events.
4.　　　　　　 we need to do now is finish our group project before the deadline.
5.It’s time for the class 　　　　　　(clean) the classroom before leaving for the weekend.
6.With the sun 　　　　　　(set),we packed up our picnic and headed home.It was a beautiful day at the park,and we had a lot of fun.
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.The author decided to 　　　　　 Adventures in the Wild,reflecting the theme of nature and exploration.
作者决定给他的新书命名为《荒野冒险》,以反映自然和探索的主题。
2.We watched as the chick struggled to 　　　　　 　　　　　　, finally breaking free after several attempts.
我们看着小鸡努力破壳而出,经过几次尝试后终于脱离了蛋壳。
3.The teacher decided to 　　　　　 　　　　　　,encouraging students to explore different kinds of literature.
老师决定主办一个新的读书俱乐部,鼓励学生探索不同类型的文学作品。
4.We watched as the bird suddenly 　　　　　 　　　　　　 to catch a fish in the lake.
我们看到那只鸟突然从空中俯冲下来,捕捉湖里的鱼。
5.As we walked through the fields,we saw 　　　　　　 feeding on grass peacefully under the trees.
当我们穿过田野时,看到一群羊在树下悠闲地吃草。
6.　　　　　　 landed on the fence, singing happily as they looked for food.
几只鸟落在栅栏上,开心地鸣叫着寻找食物。
维度三　单元话题写作(推荐信——旅游城市)
假如你是李华,你的外国朋友Mike告诉你他本月底将要来中国旅游,想让你推荐一个值得去的城市。请用英语给他写封信,内容包括:
1.介绍该城市;2.推荐理由;3.表示欢迎。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.得知你将在月底来中国,我迫不及待地想向你介绍中国的首都——北京。(can’t wait to do)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.首都北京有许多旅游景点,每年吸引数百万游客。(定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.你可以欣赏存在了数千年来的自然奇观,也可以探索独特的人文景观。(either...or...)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.所有这些景点都展示了中国的历史和人民的才智,其中最吸引人的是长城。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.我坚信,一旦你踏上这片神奇的土地,你就会爱上它。(be convinced that...)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:一天,艾玛在附近的树林里发现了一只被猎人陷阱困住而受伤的鹿,毫不犹豫地将其解救并带回家中。在接下来的几周里,艾玛每天放学后都会去照顾这只鹿,为它带来新鲜的水果和蔬菜,仔细检查它的伤口,并施以药物。随着时间的推移,这只鹿渐渐恢复了体力,并开始跟随艾玛在后院玩耍。一个阳光明媚的下午,艾玛意识到这只鹿已完全康复,应该让它回归野外,她虽感到悲伤但也知道是时候放它回到自然栖息地了。从那天起,艾玛继续照顾其他需要帮助的动物。
场景续写1:
几个月后,艾玛遇到了一个意外的访客→那只鹿站在她旁边→艾玛感到兴奋→她给鹿带来水果和蔬菜→带它去喝干净的饮用水→这只可爱的鹿返回了森林
Months later,Emma had almost forgotten about the deer when one day,she received an unexpected visitor.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
场景续写2:
这只鹿成了常客→艾玛总是准备最好的食物→为它白天休息创造了一个舒适的地方→艾玛也在照顾其他需要帮助的动物→后院成了各种动物的游乐场→希望这样的日子能够永远持续下去
From that day on,the deer became a regular visitor to Emma’s backyard.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(2024·九省联考阅读B)
Parrots are prey animals,which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild,such as hawks or snakes,are looking to make them into a meal.This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground.Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.The most common predators of parrots include hawks,snakes,cats,monkeys,and bats.Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals,parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks.Their first choice is to take flight.However,if this is not possible,they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk,parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind.For this reason,it is wise to avoid quick,sudden movements near your bird.This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason.Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird.For example,a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.
As prey animals,parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers.It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability.Variety in diet and toys,travel,and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
24.What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A.Living in a group.
B.Growing beautiful feathers.
C.Feeding on the ground.
D.Avoiding coming out at night.
25.What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A.To attack back.
B.To get away.
C.To protect the young.
D.To play dead.
26.Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A.It may explode suddenly.
B.It may be in a strange shape.
C.It may have a strong color.
D.It may move around quickly.
27.What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A.To explain wild parrots’ behavior.
B.To give advice on raising a parrot.
C.To call for action to protect animals.
D.To introduce a study on bird ecology.
思维建模
细节理解题正确选项特征
同义替换 ①指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换 ②有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换了词性
信息归纳 用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息,设置为正确答案
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项
原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项
以例示法(如25题)
原文中词汇take flight转换成选项中的get away
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:factor n.因素;behavior n.行为; Para.2:membership n.成员资格;function n.作用,功能; survival n.生存;attack n.攻击;Para.3:instinctively adv.本能地;flight n.飞行;Para.4:reaction n.反应;logic n.逻辑;Para.5:exposure n.暴露;item n.物品;flexibility n.灵活性;adaptability n.适应性;variety n.多样性 Para.1:make...into使……成为;Para.2:play a function in发挥作用;ensure one’s safety确保某人的安全;make attacks发动攻击;Para.3:watch out for小心;take flight逃跑;起飞;Para.4:from above and behind从上方和背后;Para.5:at a very young age在很小的时候
析 长 难 语 句 Para.2:Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. [句式分析]　这是一个简单句。句子结构为主谓宾;动名词短语ensuring their safety和improving their chances...并列作介词in的宾语。 [尝试翻译]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [语言赏析]　句中ensuring their safety和improving their chances of survival...是两个并列的成分,使用连词and连接,表明群体成员身份在确保鹦鹉安全和提高其存活率两个方面的作用。这种并列结构使得句子逻辑清晰,读者可以一目了然地理解群体成员身份在两方面的重要作用。
参考答案
【考点突破】
No.1　热考词汇
1.①we were able to locate all the important places
②the locations of the library
2.①to plan　②freed us students from/of the heavy work of study　③was set free from the cage;enjoying its newfound freedom
3.①I have the capacity to perfectly organize;I am capable of perfectly organizing　②at full capacity
片段巩固
Our school library is located on the second floor,near the science classrooms.It’s a place where we enjoy the freedom to read and study quietly.The library has the capacity to hold up to 100 students.
No.2　一词多义/熟词生义
1.①adj.符号的;图标的　②adj.标志性的　③adj.偶像的
2.①vt.使孵出　②vt.策划;(尤指)密谋　③vi.孵出
3.①n.关节　②adj.共同的;联合的　③n.连接处;接头
4.①一心投入　②跳入　③迅速把手伸入
5.①树干　②象鼻　③箱子
No.3　写作迁移
①what　②What we should focus on/concentrate on
③What worries me
【能力突破练】
维度一　1.to join　2.is located　3.to hold　4.What
5.to clean　6.setting
维度二　1.entitle his new book　2.hatch from its egg
3.sponsor a new reading club　4.dove from the sky
5.a flock of sheep　6.A handful of birds
维度三　第一步
1.Learning that you are coming to China at the end of this month,I can’t wait to introduce the capital of China—Beijing to you.
2.There are a large number of tourist attractions in the capital city,Beijing,which attract millions of visitors every year.
3.You can either admire natural wonders that have existed for thousands of years or explore distinctive human landscapes.
4.All these attractions have showed the history of China and the intelligence and wisdom of its people,among which the Great Wall is the most appealing.
5.I am convinced that you will fall in love with the amazing land once you set your foot on it.
第二步
Dear Mike,
Learning that you are coming to China at the end of this month,I can’t wait to introduce the capital of China—Beijing to you.
There are a large number of tourist attractions in the capital city,Beijing,which attract millions of visitors every year.You can either admire natural wonders that have existed for thousands of years or explore distinctive human landscapes.All these attractions have showed the history of China and the intelligence and wisdom of its people,among which the Great Wall is the most appealing.
In a word,I am convinced that you will fall in love with the amazing land once you set your foot on it.
Looking forward to your coming sincerely.
Yours,
Li Hua
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
【参考范文】
Months later,Emma had almost forgotten about the deer when one day,she received an unexpected visitor.The deer stood beside her,looking at her with gentle eyes.Emma felt so excited that she stood rooted to the spot.The deer nudged her playfully with its nose,and then Emma regained her senses.She quickly came back to bring fresh fruits and vegetables to the deer and led it to the small fountain to drink clean drinking water.After spending a pleasant afternoon there,the dear returned to the forest.
From that day on,the deer became a regular visitor to Emma’s backyard.Emma always prepared the best foods to feed the deer and created a comfortable place for it to rest in during the day.While taking care of the deer,Emma was also caring for other animals in need.The backyard became a playground for various animals.During the interactions with animals,Emma felt happy and a sense of achievement.She hoped that such days could last forever.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。
24.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段“Membership in a group...from attacks by predators.”可知,鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击,重要的是要进行集体生活,故选A项。]
25.B　[细节理解题。根据第三段“As prey animals...take flight.”可知,鹦鹉对紧急风险的第一反应是逃跑,故选B项。]
26.D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because their biggest enemy...from above and behind.”和下文“This is a built-in reaction ... a snake in your bird’s mind.”可知,气球能够吓到鹦鹉是因为气球可能移动速度快,使鹦鹉联想到鹰,故选D项。]
27.B　[写作意图题。根据第一段“Parrots are prey animals...more than any other.”,倒数第二段“Simple and relatively harmless household objects...a snake in your bird’s mind.”以及最后一段“As prey animals...adaptable to change.”可知,本文的写作意图是对饲养鹦鹉提建议,故选B项。]
析长难语句
群体成员身份在确保它们的安全和提高它们在捕食者攻击中的存活率方面发挥着重要作用。

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