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选择性必修第四册　UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
【词句积累】
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.merchant n.　　　 商人;批发商
adj. 海上货运的
2.fleet n. 舰队;机群;车队
3.behold vt.(beheld,beheld) 看;看见
4.spice n. (调味)香料
5.maritime adj. 海的;海运的;海事的
6.laptop n. 笔记本电脑;便携式电脑
7.submersible n. 潜水器;可潜船
8.underwater adv. 在水下
adj. 水下的
9.capsule n. 胶囊;太空舱
10.coral n. 珊瑚
11.migration n. 迁移;迁徙;移居
12.directory n. 名录;电话号码簿;(计算机文件或程序的)目录
13.exploit vt. 开发;利用;剥削
14.gallon n. 加仑(容积单位,1英制加仑约等于4.5升)
15.log vt. 把……载入正式记录;记录
n. 正式记录;日志;原木
16.marine adj. 海的;海产的;海生的
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.tales of adventure　　　　　 冒险故事
2.the National Football League 国家足球联盟
3.the royal palace 皇家宫殿
4.negotiate with classmates 与同学协商
5.withdraw from a competition 退出比赛
6.an international golf tournament 国际高尔夫锦标赛
7.the news on Channel 4 第四频道的新闻
8.lifelong bonds of friendship 终生的友谊纽带
9.a manned spacecraft 载人宇宙飞船
10.pay more income tax 缴纳更多的所得税
11.in the meanwhile 与此同时
12.be under arrest 被逮捕
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.extend vt.　　　 扩展;使伸长;延长
extensive adj. 广阔的;大量的;广泛的
extension n. 扩大;延伸;延期;电话分机
2.politics n. 政治;政治观点
political adj. 政治的;政治上的
politician n. 政治家;政客
3.profession n. 职业;行业
professional adj. 专业的;职业的
professor n. 教授;(大学的)讲师,教员
4.mixture n. 混合;结合体;混合物
mix vt. 配制;混淆;使混合
mixed adj. 混合的;人员混杂的
5.coverage n. 新闻报道;覆盖范围
cover vt. 包括;报道;行走;涉及;覆盖
6.applaud vt.& vi. 鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏
applause n. 鼓掌;掌声;喝彩
7.murder vt. 谋杀;凶杀;毁坏 n.谋杀;凶杀
murderer n. 谋杀犯
8.mercy n. 仁慈;宽恕;恩惠
merciful adj. 仁慈的;慈悲的;宽容的
merciless adj. 残忍的;无慈悲心的
9.possession n.[usually pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制
possess vt. 控制;具有;拥有
10.opponent n. 反对者;对手;竞争者
oppose vt. 反对;抵制
opposed adj. 反对的;截然不同的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.set sail　　　　　　　 起航;开航
2.withdraw from 退出;撤回
3.be home to... 是……的家园
4.take action 采取措施
5.in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
6.in hand 在手头;可供使用
7.under the command of 在……指挥下
8.press conference 记者招待会;新闻发布会
9.a mixture of... ……的混合体
10.a variety of... 各种各样的
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes,which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.(which引导定语从句)
中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿资金,这将促进整个地区实现大发展,有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。
2.Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.(动词-ing形式作主语)
深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。
3.The son loved his parents so much that he promised not to swim.(so...that...)
儿子非常爱他的父母,他答应不游泳。
4.Under the command of Zheng He,they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea,and then to the east coast of Africa.(路线描写)
在郑和的指挥下,船队从南中国海起航,穿越印度洋,直抵红海口,然后前往非洲东海岸。
构词法日积月累
名词词缀-age表“动作、结果、状态”
直接+ cover覆盖→coverage覆盖范围;short短的→shortage短缺;pack包装→package包;post邮寄→postage邮费
y变i+ marry结婚→marriage婚姻
【考点突破】
一、热考词汇
1.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长;提供;伸展,展开 vi.& vt.延伸,延续(extensive adj.广阔的;大量的;广泛的 extension n.延伸;扩大;延期)
【佳句背诵】
The park extends its opening hours by one hour,giving families more time to enjoy outdoor activities.
(事物介绍)公园的开放时间延长了一小时,让家庭有更多时间享受户外活动。
extend...to...　　 向……提供/给予……
extend to 延长到
extend (...) by 延长了
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①If you are in need of a deadline 　　　　(extend),simply explain the situation to your professor.
②　　　　　 　　　　　　, who have always encouraged us to aim high and never give up.(演讲稿)
我想向老师们表达我由衷的感谢,他们一直鼓励我们要志存高远,永不放弃。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③When my mother saw my creations,she told me how creative my designs were.Thus,I began my lifelong interest in making things.I learned a lot about 　　　　　 　　　　　　 and transform them into something new and useful.(2020·浙江7月卷)
当我的妈妈看到我的作品时,她告诉我我的设计是多么有创意。于是,我开始了对制作东西的终生兴趣。我学到了很多关于如何延长物品寿命并将它们转变为新而有用的东西的知识。
2.possession n.[usually pl.]个人财产;拥有;控制(possess vt.拥有;具有;支配)
【佳句背诵】
Though our opponents had possession of the ball,I stole it once again and passed it to Bryce.(动作描写)
虽然我们的对手控球,但我又一次把球抢了过来,传给了布莱斯。
take possession of 　 (表动作)占有;拥有
in/have possession of (表状态)具有;拥有
in the possession of 被……拥有;归……所有
be possessed of sth 具有(某种品质或特征)
【以练促学】
语段训练/单句写作
①The latest laptop is 　　　　　　　　(被……拥有) Tom,which means that Tom is 　　　　　　　(拥有) the latest laptop.
②Only if you 　　　　　　　a good state of mind will you attain success.(建议信)
只有拥有良好的心态,你才能获得成功。
③Happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have,but 　　　　　 　　　　　　.(主旨升华)
幸福不是渴望没有的东西,而是享受我们所拥有的东西。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
④But cats are special creatures 　　　　　 　　　　　　. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it.(动物描写;2024·全国甲卷改编)
但是猫是一种特殊的生物,它们具有惊人技能,可以通过喵喵声与人类进行完整的对话,而你可以理解它们的意思。
3.in hand在手头;可供使用
【佳句背诵】
Before the class,Tom ensured he had all his materials in hand,so when the teacher asked for the homework,he promptly presented it.(动作描写)
在课前,汤姆确保他所有的材料都在手头,所以当老师要求交作业时,他立即呈上。
at hand　　　　　　　 近在手边;在附近
by hand 手工,用手的
hand in hand 手挽手;密切关联
on the one hand...on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面)
give sb a hand 帮助某人
join hands to do sth 联手做某事
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Walking hand 　　　　　　hand by the beach,the couple enjoyed the beautiful sunset and the gentle sound of the waves.
②Seeing the elderly man struggle to cross the street,Jenny quickly approached 　　　　　 　　　　　　,her kind gesture bringing a thankful smile to his face.(动作描写)
看到那位老人过马路时遇到困难,珍妮迅速上前帮忙,她的善举使他的脸上露出了感激的微笑。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③We welcome innovative ideas and personal experiences.The deadline for submissions is September 20.　　　　　 　　　　　 through our words!(通知;2024·1月九省联考)
我们欢迎创新的想法和个人经验。提交截止日期是9月20日。让我们携手通过我们的言辞来发挥影响力!
【片段巩固】
用extend;possession;in hand完成动作描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:大考前,John感到紧张→检查了笔记→发现重要的材料在手头→朋友主动提供学习指南→拥有这些东西,感到更加自信
二、一词多义
1.bond /b nd/ n.纽带;关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系;使牢固结合(生义)
①The new type of glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds.　　　　　
②The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.(全国Ⅰ卷)　　　　　
③It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.(全国Ⅱ卷)　　　　　
2.channel / t nl/ n.航道;海峡;频道;途径;渠道;方法;手段(生义)
①We watched the news on Channel 4.　　　　　
②Complaints must be made through the proper channels.　　　　　
③Music is a great channel for releasing your emotions.　　　　　
④The English Channel separates England and France.　　　　　
3.league /li ɡ/ n.等级;水平;联合会;联赛(生义)
①We’re playing against the league champions next week.　　　　　
②Thus the first worker’s league came into being.　　　　　
③When it comes to creativity,Lisa is in a different league from the other artists in the group,always coming up with original ideas.　　　　　
4.applaud / pl d/ vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞;赞赏
After finishing her presentation,Maria’s classmates began to applaud①,showing their appreciation for her hard work.The teacher also applauded② Maria’s efforts,praising her for her creativity and clarity.
　　　　　
三、写作迁移
句型公式:动词-ing形式作主语
课本原句:Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.
深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。
【佳句背诵】
It is no use staying up late to study if you’re too tired to focus the next day in class.
(建议信)如果第二天你太累以至于无法在课堂上集中精力,熬夜学习没有意义。
(1)动词-ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
(2)该用法可以用it作形式主语,常见的能用于这种结构的形容词和名词有:good、no good、no use、useless等。
(3)动词-ing形式可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构。
【以练促学】
单句写作
①　　　　　　 that you can have someone to talk to so that you don’t feel lonely and depressed.(建议信)
拥有朋友意味着你有人可以聊天,所以你不会感到孤独和沮丧。
②　　　　　 　　　　　　. With our joint effort,we made it.
他们来帮忙对我们是一个很大的鼓舞。在我们的共同努力下,我们成功了。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③While it is true that 　　　　　 　　　　　　 can encourage more communication and interaction,there may also be some potential issues to consider.(建议信;2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
虽然随机地把学生混在一起确实可以鼓励更多的交流和互动,但也可能有一些潜在的问题需要考虑。
【能力突破练】
维度一　单元知识运用
1.My friend extended an invitation 　　　　me,asking me to join the celebration this weekend at her house.
2.After cleaning his room,Jack realized he was in possession 　　　　　　several old toys he had forgotten about.
3.With the map 　　　　　　hand,the hikers confidently explored the forest.
4.She decided to learn the piano,　　　　　 had always been her dream.
5.　　　　　　(practice)regularly is the key to improving in any sport.
6.She was so nervous before her speech 　　　　　　she practiced for hours in front of the mirror to ensure she wouldn’t make a mistake.
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.Alice looked at him with 　　　　　 horror,envy,and awe.
爱丽丝带着一种恐惧、嫉妒和敬畏交织在一起的复杂心情望着他。
2.The ship 　　　　　　early in the morning, heading towards the distant islands.
船只清晨起航,前往遥远的岛屿。
3.When it comes to playing basketball,Jake is 　　　　　　,easily outshining all the other players on the team.
在打篮球方面,杰克独领风骚,轻松超过队里的所有其他选手。
4.After much consideration,he decided to 　　　　　　, feeling he needed more time to prepare.
经过慎重考虑,他决定退出比赛,觉得自己需要更多的时间来准备。
5.The small boat was 　　　　　 　　　　　　,as the waves crashed against its sides.
小船任由强风摆布,浪花不停地拍打着船身。
6.The sound of music coming from the next room 　　　　　　.
从隔壁房间传来的音乐声吸引了她的注意。
维度三　单元话题写作(征文——保护海洋)
(2022·全国甲卷改编)
你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题,举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括:
1.海洋的重要性;2.保护海洋的倡议。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.说到海洋,它的污染变得越来越严重。(when it comes to...)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.6月8日是世界海洋日,其目的是提高人们对海洋保护的认识。(the aim is to do...;whose引导定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.海洋起着至关重要的作用,它不仅为我们提供了充足的食物,而且维持了自然的平衡。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.随着世界海洋日的临近,迫切需要采取措施保护海洋。(with复合结构;there is an urgent need to do...)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.为了做出我们的贡献,我们学生可以发传单,呼吁更多的人保护海洋。(不定式短语作目的状语)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了,这样我们才能建设一个更加和谐的世界,在未来过上更好的生活。(so that引导目的状语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:去年夏天,希尔达在一个海洋生物公园做志愿者,帮助训练海豚。她的任务是确保水箱里没有杂物。但有一天,水箱里发现了一块糖纸,这让训练师凯瑟琳误以为是希尔达的失误。为了找出真相,希尔达第二天早上潜入水箱,发现海豚玛雅把物品藏在了过滤箱后面。希尔达最终找出了玛雅藏匿物品的地方,从而澄清了误会。
场景续写1:
“这是玛雅的秘密,”希尔达笑着说→玛雅一直在偷偷地从水箱里收集物品→然后把它们藏在水箱后面的过滤器旁边→凯瑟琳训练她时,她会给凯瑟琳一些物品,以便从凯瑟琳那里得到奖励→希尔达花了很长时间才发现这个秘密→跟踪玛雅可不容易
“This is Maya’s secret,” Hilda said with a big smile.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
场景续写2:
凯瑟琳明白了事情的真相→感叹真是一只聪明的海豚→因为玛雅喜欢奖励,所以她们决定一起合作→希尔达悄悄帮玛雅收集一些东西并放到水箱后面的过滤器里→凯瑟琳会给她奖励→海洋生物公园从此充满了温暖与和谐→玛雅在观众面前的表演也越来越好
Now Katherine realized what had been going on.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(全国Ⅱ卷)
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact,they were shot from 1914 through 1916,most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难),by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest,under freezing water,in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance,a small,tight,Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists,27 men in all,to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance,adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott’s last journey,completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger,caught the world’s imagination,and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton,a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908,started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley,a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images,most of which have never before been published.
33.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley
A.They were made last week.
B.They showed undersea sceneries.
C.They were found by a cameraman.
D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.
34.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text
A.Frank Hurley.
B.Ernest Shackleton.
C.Robert Falcon Scott.
D.Caroline Alexander.
35.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
A.Artistic creation.
B.Scientific research.
C.Money making.
D.Treasure hunting.
思维建模
推理判断题中的正确选项特征
立足原文,只推一步
即根据原文内容,一步即可推知答案,无需过度发挥。
以例示法(如34题)
根据第三段可知,被发现的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比Robert Falcon Scott船长先前的探险更大的收获,该船长在1912年就到达了南极。由此推断Robert Falcon Scott是最先到达南极的人,故选C项。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:collection n.收藏品;voyage n.航行; Para.2:outstanding adj.杰出的;expectation n.期望;image n.图像;freezing adj.冰冻的;wooden adj.木制的;Para.3:crew n.全体船员;companion n.同伴;Para.4:commercial adj.商业的;imagination n.想象 Para.1:a collection of一系列的;bring back to life使复活;Para.2:under freezing water在冰水下; Para.3:intend to do sth计划做某事; on the march back在返回途中;Para.4:make clear表明; in one’s honor为了纪念
析 长 难 语 句 Para.4:Shackleton,a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908,started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句。主句为主谓宾状结构。同位语a onetime British merchant-navy officer... in 1908解释说明Shackleton;关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰officer。 [尝试翻译]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [语言赏析]　句子通过时间线来组织信息,先提及1908年沙克尔顿的探险经历,随后引出1914年的商业行动。这种时间上的层次结构,使得事件的发展脉络清晰,并且强调了他从探险到商业转变的动机。
参考答案
【考点突破】
No.1　热考词汇
1.①extension　②I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to my teachers　③how to extend the life of objects
2.①in the possession of;in possession of　②are possessed of
③enjoying what we possess/have possession of/are in possession of　④who possess amazing skills
3.①in　②to give him a hand　③Let’s join hands to make a difference
片段巩固
It was the day before the big exam,and John felt nervous about his preparation.He checked his notes and found he had important materials in hand.His friend Lucy offered to extend her study guide.With everything in his possession,John felt confident.
No.2　一词多义/熟词生义
1.①vt.使牢固结合　②n.纽带;关系　③vi.增强信任关系
2.①n.频道　②n.途径;渠道　③n.方法;手段　④n.海峡
3.①n.联赛　②n.联合会　③n.等级;水平
4.①vi.鼓掌　②vt.称赞;赞赏
No.3　写作迁移
①Having friends means　②Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us　③randomly mixing up students
【能力突破练】
维度一　1.to　2.of　3.in　4.which　5.Practicing　6.that
维度二　1.a mixture of　2.set sail　3.in a league of his own
4.withdraw from the competition　5.at the mercy of the strong wind　6.arrested her attention
维度三　第一步
1.When it comes to the ocean,its pollution is becoming more and more serious.
2.World Oceans Day falls on June 8th,whose aim is to raise people’s awareness of ocean conservation.
3.The ocean,which plays a vital role,not only offers us sufficient food,but also maintains the balance of nature.
4.With the World Oceans Day approaching,there is an urgent need to take measures to protect the ocean.
5.To make our contributions,we students can hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.
6.It is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean,so that we can build a more harmonious world and live a better life in the future.
第二步
When it comes to the ocean,its pollution is becoming more and more serious.World Oceans Day falls on June 8th,whose aim is to raise people’s awareness of ocean conservation.
The ocean,which plays a vital role,not only offers us sufficient food,but also maintains the balance of nature.With the World Oceans Day approaching,there is an urgent need to take measures to protect the ocean.To make our contributions,we students can hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.
All in all,it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean,so that we can build a more harmonious world and live a better life in the future.
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
【参考范文】
“This is Maya’s secret,” Hilda said with a big smile.“The truth of the matter,”Hilda continued,“is that Maya has been secretly collecting items from the tank,hiding them near the filter in the back of the tank.When you train her,she will give you some items so that she can get treats from you.”“Really How do you know that ” Catherine asked in surprise.Hilda laughed and replied,“It took me a long time to discover this secret,too.It’s not easy to follow Maya.”
Now Katherine realized what had been going on.Catherine thought to herself,this is really a clever dolphin.And she said to Hilda,“Well,Maya loves treats,so we’ll work together,and you’ll secretly help her collect a few things and put them in the filter at the back of the tank.I’ll give her treats,the number of which I can increase.” Hilda replied,“Good idea,let’s do it.” From then on,the Sea Life Park is full of warmth and harmony.Maya’s performance in front of the audience is getting better and better.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了1914年到1916年间,一群海员和科学家踏上了南极探险之路。结果他们在回来的路上发生海难,其中一个摄影师在临死之前拍摄了大量的照片,并把照片封存在破损的木船的冰块箱里。通过这些照片我们可以了解到那次不太成功的探险经历。
33.D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的第二句可知,这些照片记录了一次灾难性的冒险,故选D项。]
34.C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“From that point Shackleton wanted to...in 1912”可推知Captain Robert Falcon Scott是第一个到达南极的人。故选C项。]
35.C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段可知这个作家在她的小说The Endurance中说,在那时,探险就已经是纯商业活动(a thoroughly commercial effort)了,因此1914年航行的目的是赚钱(money making),故选C项。]
析长难语句
沙克尔顿曾是一名英国商船队军官,1908年时曾到达距南极100英里以内的地方。他在1914年航行前创办了一家公司,以通过电影和静态摄影赚钱。

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