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选择性必修第四册　UNIT 4　SHARING
【词句积累】
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.clay n.　　　　　　 黏土;陶土
2.bubble vi. 起泡;沸腾
3.hut n. 简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)
4.fireplace n. 壁炉
5.saucer n. 茶碟;杯托
6.kettle n. (烧水用的)壶;水壶
7.pan n. 平底锅;烤盘
8.jar n. 罐子;坛子
9.grill n. 烤架;烤肉餐馆
10.doorway n. 门口;出入口;门道
11.plug vt. 封堵;补足
n. 堵塞物;插头;插座
12.contract vt. 感染(疾病);与……订立合同(或契约)
n. 合同;契约
13.cardiac adj. 心脏病的;心脏的
14.circuit n. 巡回;环形线路
15.hypothetical adj. 假设的;假定的
Ⅱ.核心单词
1.a parcel of clothes 一包衣服
2.a traffic jam 交通堵塞
3.open the mail 打开邮件
4.secondary characters 次要人物
5.wear a pair of rubber gloves 戴一双橡胶手套
6.kill the weeds 除草
7.a chorus of praise 一片赞扬声
8.a cotton shirt 棉布衬衫
9.soldiers in uniform 穿制服的军人
10.take two tablets before meals 饭前服用两片
11.go to the washroom 去洗手间
12.too narrow and too rigid 过于狭隘和死板
13.buy a tube of toothpaste 买了一管牙膏
14.circus performers 马戏团演员
15.under the shade of a tree 在树荫下
16.the strong square jaws 结实的方下巴
17.get wrinkles 长皱纹
18.wipe the sweat from his forehead 擦去他额头上的汗
19.private housing 私人住宅
20.an oil exploration platform 石油勘探平台
21.a few pieces of leftover carpet 几块剩余的地毯
22.greet somebody with a handshake 握手问候某人
23.drag the table into the kitchen 把桌子拖进厨房
24.homework extension privilege 作业延期的特权
25.resign as manager 辞去经理的职务
26.have been really tired lately 最近真的很累
27.input documents 输入文档
28.a familiar tune 一支熟悉的曲子
29.grant me a ￡500 loan 同意给我贷款500英镑
30.relay the message to him 将消息转发给他
31.meet the criteria 符合标准
32.pray for peace 祈求和平
Ⅲ.派生单词
1.dust n.　　　　　 沙土;灰尘 vi.& vt.擦灰
dusty adj. 布满灰尘的
2.chemist n. 化学家;药剂师;药房
chemistry n. 化学
chemical adj. 化学的
3.ripe adj. 成熟的;时机成熟的
ripen vt.& vi. (使)成熟
4.disabled adj. 有残疾的;丧失能力的
disability n. 缺陷;障碍
disable vt. 使(某人)残废;使……无能
5.deserve vt. 值得;应得;应受
deserving adj. 值得的;应得的
6.consultation n. 咨询;咨询会
consult vt. 咨询;请教
consultant n. 顾问
7.stability n. 稳定(性);稳固(性)
stable adj. 稳定的;牢固的
unstable adj. 不稳定的
Ⅳ.短语词块
1.take (...) for granted 认为(……)是理所当然;对(……)不予重视
2.relay to　　　　　　 转达给……;转发给……
3.pray that 但愿
4.be dying to do sth 渴望做某事
5.adapt to 适应
6.make a difference (to) (对……)有影响/起作用
7.a chorus of 齐声;异口同声
8.the other day 不久前的一天
9.not to mention 更不用说;且不说
10.in need of 需要
Ⅴ.教材佳句
1.There is no equipment,and since there isn’t even a washroom,if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin!(since引导原因状语从句)
因为没有设备,甚至连洗手间都没有,如果需要水,我得用盆子从我的房子里端来!
2.The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when,before I knew it,the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere.(be doing...when...)
几天前,我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验,在我反应过来前,混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出,洒得到处都是!
3.Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first,up a mountain from where we had fantastic views,and then down a shaded path to the valley below.(from where引导定语从句)
我和另一位老师步行了两个半小时才到达那里。首先,(我们)爬上一座山,在山上我们看到了美妙的景色,然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到下面的山谷。
4.Later,I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.(感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
后来,我注意到有一个罐子倒立在火炉上面的烤架上。
5.My secondary school is a bush school.The classrooms are made of bamboo,with clay floors and roofs of grass.(环境描写)
我所在的中学是一所灌木丛学校。教室是用竹子搭建的,黏土夯的地面,茅草搭的屋顶。
构词法日积月累
否定前缀dis-表示“非,不,无”等
advantage优点→disadvantage缺点;comfort舒适→discomfort不适;order条理;秩序→disorder混乱;like喜欢→dislike不喜欢;agree同意→disagree不同意;appear出现→disappear消失;obey服从→disobey不服从
【考点突破】
一、热考词汇
1.drag vt.拖;拽;扯 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动
【佳句背诵】
Tom opened the door,dragged the thief out and sent him to the police station.(动作链)
汤姆打开门,把小偷拽出来,送到了警察局。
读后续写之肢体动作:
drag oneself 缓慢而费力地移动(或行进)
drag...out of... 把……从……中拖出
cup one’s hands over... 把手窝成杯状……
slide one’s hands into... 将手伸进……
put one’s hands to one’s cheeks 用双手捂住脸
spread one’s hands 摊开双手
【以练促学】
单句写作
①The father stood up,gazed at the eyes of his oldest son and 　　　　　 　　　　　　.(动作链)
这位父亲站起来,盯着大儿子的眼睛,把手窝成杯状托住儿子的脸。
②So ashamed was she that she 　　　　　 　　　　　　,feeling blood rush to her face.(心理+动作描写)
她是如此羞愧,她用双手捂住脸,感觉血液涌上脸庞。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③Painful and a bit embarrassed as he was after falling during the race,he still 　　　　　 to finish the final lap,determined not to give up.(心理+动作描写;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
尽管在比赛中摔倒后感到疼痛和有些尴尬,他还是拖着沉重的步子完成了最后一圈,决心不放弃。
2.privilege n.优惠待遇;特权;荣幸 vt.给予特权;特别优待(privileged adj.有特权的;受特别优待的;荣幸的)
【佳句背诵】
I have the privilege of delivering the speech at the graduation ceremony,knowing that my hard work and dedication have led me to this proud moment.(演讲稿)
很荣幸能够在毕业典礼上发表演讲,我知道正是努力和奉献让我拥有了这一自豪的时刻。
It is a privilege to do sth 做某事是一种殊荣
have the privilege to do/of doing sth 有特权/很荣幸做某事
be privileged to do sth 有幸做某事
【以练促学】
单句写作
①It 　　　　　 　　　　　　 on how to protect the environment here.(演讲稿)
在这儿做有关保护环境的演讲,我倍感荣幸。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
②I 　　　　　 to our program for a live talk show.(邀请信;2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我很荣幸能邀请您来参加我们的现场访谈节目。
3.deserve vt.值得;应得;应受(deserving adj.值得的;应得的)
【佳句背诵】
The issue of climate change deserves more attention from the public,as it directly affects our future.(演讲稿)
气候变化问题值得公众更多的关注,因为它直接影响我们的未来。
deserve to do sth 应该做某事
deserve to be done=deserve doing ……值得做(此处用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,类似用法的动词还有:need、want、require等)
deserve consideration/attention/a rest 值得考虑/注意/应该休息
A good deed deserves another one. 善有善报。
【以练促学】
单句语法填空/单句写作
①Tom deserves 　　　　　　　(win) the competition because he practiced every day for months.His dedication and hard work have paid off,and everyone is proud of his achievement.
②That book really 　　　　　 　　　　　　 because it offers a lot of valuable insights on how to overcome challenges in life.(书评)
那本书确实值得一读,因为它提供了许多关于如何克服生活中挑战的宝贵见解。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③She hovered cheerfully and lowered to stand on my shoulder.What a kind bird! Even animals know returning.Apparently,　　　　　 　　　　　　. (心理+动作描写;2023·浙江1月卷)
她欢快地盘旋着,降落到我的肩膀上。多么善良的鸟儿!连动物都懂得感恩。显然,善有善报。
【片段巩固】
用drag;privilege;deserve完成人物、动作描写的片段
续写训练之情节线:帮朋友搬新家→箱子很重→把它们拖过地板→是个辛苦活儿→能够帮他是我的荣幸→一切完成后,我感觉应该好好休息一下
二、一词多义
1.tune /tju n/ n.曲调;曲子 vt.调音;调节;调频道(生义)
①The radio was tuned to the BBC World Service.　　　　　
②His speech was tuned to what the audience wanted to hear.　　　　　
③I don’t know the title of the song but I recognized the tune.　　　　　
2.contract / k n tr kt/ vt.感染(疾病)(生义);与……订立合同(或契约) vt.& vi.缩小;使收缩(生义) / k ntr kt/ n.合同;契约
①The exercise consists of stretching and contracting the leg muscle.　　　　　
②Unluckily,the doctor contracted a virus when he performed an operation on an old lady.　　　　　
③The footballer is contracted to play for Zhengda Club until September.　　　　　
④Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract 　　　　　
3.mail /me l/ n.邮件;信件;邮政 vt.邮寄;发电邮给
①Deliveries of mail could be delayed because of cost-cutting.　　　　　
②Don’t forget to mail that letter to your mother.　　　　　
4.wrinkle / r kl/ vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹;皱起 n.皱纹
①Her stockings were wrinkling at the knees.　　　　　
②The skin on her cheeks and around her eyes was beginning to wrinkle.　　　　　
③She is beginning to get many wrinkles around her eyes.　　　　　
5.shade / e d/ vt.给……遮挡(光线);加灯罩(生义);把……涂暗n.阴凉(处);灯罩(生义);阴影部分
During the hot summer afternoons,we often gather under the big tree in our yard to enjoy the cool shade①.My dad recently put a new shade② over the lamp in the living room to create a softer,more relaxing light.As the sun sets,the trees cast long shades③ across the yard,making the evening feel much cooler.　　　　　
三、写作迁移
句型公式:since引导原因状语从句
课本原句:There is no equipment,and since there isn’t even a washroom,if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin!
因为没有设备,甚至连洗手间都没有,如果需要水,我得用盆子从我的房子里端来!
【佳句背诵】
I have developed the habit of reading the English newspaper since it has enriched my boring campus life.
(短文投稿;2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)我已经养成了读英文报的习惯,因为它丰富了我枯燥的校园生活。
(1)since用作连词,可引导原因状语从句,意为“因为,既然”。
(2)since用作连词,也可引导时间状语从句,意为“从……以来”,主句谓语动词为延续性动词且多用现在完成时。
(3)since作介词,意为“从……以来;从……以后”,后接名词或代词。
【以练促学】
单句写作
①　　　　　　, I have made many new friends.It has been an exciting time for me,and I feel like I belong here now.(心理描写)
自从我们搬到这个城市以来,我结交了很多新朋友。这段时间对我来说很激动,我感觉现在在这里很有归属感。
②　　　　　　. We used to play together every day,and I really miss spending time with him.(心理描写)
自从去年夏天以来,我就没有见过我的表弟。我们以前每天都在一起玩,我真的很想念和他一起的时光。
【教考衔接】
单句写作
③I am thrilled to share with you the remarkable journey of China’s 75 years of progress.　　　　　　, China has undergone tremendous changes and achieved significant accomplishments.(建议信;2024·北京卷)
我很激动地与你分享中国75年来令人瞩目的进步历程。自建国以来,中国经历了巨大的变化并取得了显著的成就。
【能力突破练】
维度一　单元知识运用
1.After staying up late to finish my homework,I had to drag 　　　　　　(oneself) out of bed the next morning.I was so tired that I could hardly open my eyes.
2.It is a privilege 　　　　　　(help) my parents with dinner.They’ve done so much for me,and I’m happy to give something back.
3.She worked really hard on her project and deserves 　　　　　　(win) first place in the competition.
4.They were walking home 　　　　　　it started to rain.Luckily,they had umbrellas in their bags.
5.She saw her brother 　　　　　　(play) soccer in the park.He was very energetic,running all over the field.
6.　　　　　　 the bus was late,we had to wait for almost an hour before we could leave.It was quite frustrating.
维度二　单元知识拾遗
1.When the teacher asked if we understood the instructions,　　　　　 “yes” filled the room.
当老师问我们是否理解了指令时,教室里齐声响起“明白了”。
2.The hike was exhausting,　　　　　 　　　　　 it started raining halfway through.We were soaked by the time we finished.
徒步旅行非常累人,更不用说半路上还开始下雨。我们到达终点时已经全身湿透。
3.　　　　　　 the weather stays sunny for our picnic tomorrow.It would be perfect if it doesn’t rain.
我祈祷明天野餐时天气继续晴朗。如果不下雨就太完美了。
4.　　　　　 　　　　　 are rigorous and comprehensive.
奖学金的选拔标准严格且全面。
5.　　　　　　. You should take care of yourself by eating well and exercising regularly.
不要把健康视为理所当然。你应该通过健康饮食和定期锻炼来照顾自己。
6.　　　　　 　　　　　 when I see them tonight.I’m sure they’ll be happy to hear from you.
今晚见到父母时,我会把你的信息转达给他们。我相信他们听到你的消息会很高兴。
维度三　单元话题写作(演讲稿——志愿者活动)
假设你是李华,上周末去学校周边某社区参加了志愿者活动。请你作一个演讲跟大家分享你的志愿者经历与感受。要点包括:
1.活动概况;2.感悟与收获。
第一步　根据单元知识写美句
1.我很荣幸能分享我在学校附近社区做志愿者的经历。(privilege)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.我们去了社区疗养院,不仅给他们带去了很多手工制作的礼物,而且进行了许多精彩的表演。(not only置于句首引起的部分倒装)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.老人们非常高兴,他们与我们分享了他们的故事,并为我们提供了许多宝贵的生活经验。(部分倒装句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.我们和当地人一起打扫社区,当我们工作时,发生了一件有趣的事情——我们被一群摄影师抓拍到了。(where引导定语从句)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.以前我曾怀疑做志愿工作是否真的能给人带来快乐,但现在我坚信这一点。(doubt whether...)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第二步　连句成篇创佳作
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
续写构思训练(根据提示续写2场景)
场景导语:Seth是一位新生,性格害羞,不易接触。一次,Brit老师播放了一段滑板视频,发现Seth对此很感兴趣。为了进一步与他建立联系,Brit邀请他放学后一起去滑板公园,但Seth拒绝了。当得知Seth没有滑板时,Brit意识到来自低收入家庭的孩子们可能无法负担这样的娱乐活动。
场景续写1:
Brit与她最好的朋友Zach,一名职业滑板手,分享了这个故事→Zach提出送几样礼物给Seth:一块由Zach签名并专业滑行过的二手职业滑板;一块新滑板;还有一封信
Brit shared the story with her best friend,Zach,a professional skateboarder.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
场景续写2:
开始是两个人一起为一个小男孩做好事,很快发展成一种草根力量→Zach收集二手滑板装备→将这些捐赠品运往夏威夷→由Brit分发给孩子们→Brit认为滑板是生活的另一个课堂→Seth放下了戒备→接受了Brit的提议→Brit看到Seth取得迅速的进步很开心
What began as two people coming together to do a good deed for one young boy quickly blossomed (发展) into a grassroots effort.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
(全国Ⅲ卷七选五)
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party.The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.　36　 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
　37　 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.Even if there isn’t a registry,a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with,like a piece of art or a plant.
　38　 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will,however,probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.Sometimes,because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home,people may be asked to help unpack boxes.　39　
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.　40　 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A.This isn’t usual though.
B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D.If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts,keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
36.　　　　　37.　　　　　38.　　　　
39.　　　　　40.　　　　
思维建模
运用语法手段(代词指代)解题
在选项中或空格前、后句中遇到代词,我们要思考该代词替代上下文中的什么内容,意义是否通顺。
以例示法(如38题)
空格后的this是关键信息词。由since后的内容可知,在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多,由此可判断this是指带食物去参加聚会,故选C项。
积阅读单词 垒主题词块
Para.1:apartment n.公寓; Para.2:registry n.登记册; Para.3:unpack v.打开; Para.4:firewood n.木柴 Para.1:move into搬进;throw a party举办聚会;congratulate on祝贺;Para.2:decorate with用……装饰;a piece of art一件艺术品; Para.3:share with和……分享;give a tour进行参观; Para.4:keep warm保暖;central heating中央供暖
析 长 难 语 句 Para.4:Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. [句式分析]　这是一个复合句,主句结构为主谓宾状;that引导同位语从句,解释和说明fact的内容。 [尝试翻译]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [语言赏析]　句子通过a long time ago明确了时间线,强调了这个传统的历史和文化背景。这种时间标注让读者能够理解这个传统的悠久历史,并通过时间上的对比,增强对现代与过去做法变化的认知。
参考答案
【考点突破】
No.1　热考词汇
1.①cupped his hands over his son’s face　②put her hands to her cheeks　③dragged himself
2.①is a great privilege for me to deliver a speech
②am much privileged to invite you
3.①to win　②deserves reading/to be read
③a good deed deserves another one
片段巩固
Last week,I helped my friend move to a new house.Some of the boxes were heavy,and we had to drag them across the floor.It was hard work,but I felt it was a privilege to help him.After everything was done,I felt we deserved a good rest.
No.2　一词多义/熟词生义
1.①vt.调频道　②vt.调节　③n.曲调;曲子
2.①vt.缩小;使收缩　②vt.感染(疾病)　③vt.与……订立合同(或契约)　④n.合同;契约
3.①n.邮件;信件　②vt.邮寄
4.①vi.皱起　②vi.起皱纹　③n.皱纹
5.①n.阴凉　②n.灯罩　③n.阴影部分
No.3　写作迁移
①Since we moved to this city　②I haven’t seen my cousin since last summer　③Since its founding/it was founded
【能力突破练】
维度一　1.myself　2.to help　3.to win　4.when　5.playing
6.Since/Because
维度二　1.a chorus of　2.not to mention　3.I pray that
4.The selection criteria for the scholarship　5.Don’t take your health for granted　6.I’ll relay your message to my parents
维度三　第一步
1.It is a privilege for me to share my experience working as a volunteer in the community near our school.
2.We went to the community nursing home;not only did we give them a lot of hand-made gifts but we also delivered many amazing performances.
3.So delighted were the elderly that they shared their stories with us and provided us with much precious life experience.
4.We joined the locals to clean up the neighborhood where when we were working,an interesting incident happened that we were captured by a group of photographers.
5.Previously I doubted whether doing voluntary work could really bring joy to people but now I firmly believe it.
第二步
It is a privilege for me to share my experience working as a volunteer in the community near our school.
Firstly,we went to the community nursing home;not only did we give them a lot of hand-made gifts but we also delivered many amazing performances.So delighted were the elderly that they shared their stories with us and provided us with much precious life experience.Then,we joined the locals to clean up the neighborhood where when we were working,an interesting incident happened that we were captured by a group of photographers.
Previously I doubted whether doing voluntary work could really bring joy to people but now I firmly believe it.By working together we can accomplish great things and make the world a better place.
【读写素养培优练】
Part Ⅰ　续写能力提升
【参考范文】
Brit shared the story with her best friend,Zach,a professional skateboarder.Seeing an opportunity to help a child’s dream become a reality,Zach offered to give Seth a few presents:a used pro-model skateboard,signed by Zach and professionally ridden by him,for Seth to hang on the wall at home;a new board for Seth to ride until the wheels fell off;and a letter.“It is amazing where skateboarding can take you in the world,” Zach wrote.“Skating will make you feel better in hard times and make good times even better! Never be afraid of other skaters either,we are one family!”
What began as two people coming together to do a good deed for one young boy quickly blossomed (发展) into a grassroots effort.Zach would collect used equipment—surfboards and skateboards,leashes,fins,helmets,kneepads and more—at his brick-and-mortar shop in Encinitas,the Social Surf Club,and ship the donations to Hawaii for Brit to hand out to the kids.As for Brit,she sees skateboarding as another one of life’s classrooms.Seth eventually let his guard down and took Brit up on her offer.The two have since spent many afternoons skating together,and she loves to see Seth make rapid progress.
Part Ⅱ　高考同源研探
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了乔迁聚会这一习俗的意义、礼物的选择、活动内容及由来等。
36.E　[由空格前的“The party is a chance for...”及空格后的“And it is a good time to...”可推断该空格也应该是讲乔迁聚会的好处,故选E项“它也给人们一个去看看新房子的样子的机会”。]
37.B　[空格位于第二段的段首,结合本段内容可知,空格处应与乔迁聚会时所带礼物有关,故选B项“带礼物去乔迁聚会是传统”。先提出应该带礼物,后面讲述如何选礼物等。]
38.C　[空格后的this是关键信息词。由since后的内容可知,在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多,由此可判断this是指带食物去参加聚会,故选C项“你也可以带食物或饮料与其他客人分享”。]
39.A　[空格前提到,有时候,因为某人刚刚搬进新家就举行乔迁聚会,所以参加聚会的人有可能要帮忙拆包物品。能与此语意承接的只有A项“但这种情况并不常见”。A项中的this指的是客人帮主人拆包物品。]
40.G　[上文说很久以前人们带木柴去新家作为礼物,由此可判断G项“这样主人就可以在冬天的时候使家里保持温暖”与此语意吻合。即过去人们送木柴做礼物是为了让主人取暖过冬。]
析长难语句
乔迁聚会的名字来自很久以前人们会带木柴作为礼物送到新家这个事实。

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