资源简介

代词和并列连词
教学目标：
了解人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法
了解不定代词的用法
了解指示代词的用法
掌握it的用法（基本用法和作形式主语、形式宾语的用法）
掌握并列连词的用法
教学过程：
考情分析
近年高考对代词的考查在语法填空中以有提示词和无提示词形式出现；阅读和写作及听力中涉及更灵活的代词指代和不定代词等知识，侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。近年高考真题语法填空代词考点主要分布：人称代词（4年9考）；不定代词（3年2考）；代词it（4年1考）。
代词的分类
代词是英语常见词类，种类丰富，包含人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、关系代词、连接代词等。
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词用法（易错点）
1.人称代词和物主代词
主格（做主语）：I am Jack Ma.
人称代词
宾格（作宾语）：Look at me.
形物代（作定语）：My father is a singer.
物主代词
名物代(作主语、宾语、表语)： This book is Tom's.
Mine is over there.
That book is mine.
【变式训练1】 So I changed (I) mind and chose Business Management as my major.
【变式训练2】（2025·山西省高三开学摸底）The UNESCO included Spring Festival on the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Wednesday. The committee recognized the festival for (it) wide range of rituals (礼节) and unique cultural elements that engage all of Chinese society.
2.反身代词的基本用法
反身代词
3.反身代词的常见搭配（易错点）
场合 示例
与介词搭配 by oneself 独自地 for oneself 替自己；为自己 of oneself 自动地 in oneself 本质上；本身
与动词搭配 apply oneself to 专心致志于 behave oneself 举止得体；行为检点 dress oneself 打扮；自己穿衣 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座；入席 make yourself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学
【变式训练】人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的考查
1.（2025·河北省邢台市二轮复习质检测）An initiative was launched in late January by Xiaohongshu, a Chinese lifestyle-focused social media platform, inviting users to upload photos or videos of (they) and friends wearing hanfu at landmarks around the world from January 28 to February 19.
2.（24-25高三上·广东佛山·阶段练习）Biology is my favourite subject, and my target is to prepare _________ (I) for my degree in biology at university.
3.（2025年安徽省马鞍山市高三第一次教学质量检测）That’s why each Spring Festival, hundreds of millions of people travel home to reunite(团聚) with (they) relatives.
4. （2024年全国甲卷）They wondered out loud. This area, with （it）unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
5. （2025年浙江首考·读后续写）“What if he has told the truth ” he thought to_________ （he）. The man’s words sounded pretty convincing.
6. Our neighbors gave (we) a baby bird yesterday that hurt (it) when it fell from its nest.
7. He has three sons, and one of （they） is an engineer.
【易错提醒】本题容易和非限制性定语从句混淆，题中如果去掉并列连词and，则填whom。
It will take some time to popularize the new travel trend and the prices must remain competitive to ensure that regular tourists can afford （they）.
不定代词的用法
常见的不定代词有：some, any, one, each, every, no, none, all, both, either, neither, many, much, a few, a little, other, another, the other 等。
形容词或else 修饰something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, everything, everyone, everybody等不定代词时,形容词或else放在不定代词的后面。
如：Do you have anything else to tell us？
There is nothing wrong with your bike.
不定代词both, either, neither, all, any, none, another, the other, other等的用法
典型用法 典型示例
each指两者或两者以上中每个 They each have their own email address. 他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。
both表示“两者都” Both his mother and his father will be there. 他父母二人都要去那里。
all指“(三者或三者以上)全部” All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。
either表示“(两者中的)任何一个” You can park on either side of the street. 这条街两边都可停车。
neither表示“两者都不” Neither of my parents speaks a foreign language. 我的父母都不会说外语。
none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点” We have three sons but none of them live nearby. 我们有三个儿子，但他们都不住在附近。
nothing表示“没有任何东西” The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me. 医生说我什么毛病也没有。
another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一” Heavy rains continued another three days. 大雨持续了三天。 Would you like another drink 还想喝一杯吗？
other泛指“其余的”，只作定语 Are there any other questions 还有其他问题没有？
others“另一些” Don't expect others to read your mind. 不要期望别人能看出你的心思。
the other特指两者之中的另一个 He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手，然后举起另一只。
the others“剩余的一些” I walked back while the others rode in the car. 别人都乘车，而我是走回来的。
【例题展示】（2022年浙江1月卷，应用文）For one thing, we got a glimpse of various aesthetic masterpieces，from Chinese calligraphy to Irish paintings. And for another, the festival unfolded the two countries' profound history.
【变式训练1】（2024年浙江首考）Over the last two years, supermarkets sell chicken in packs with two halves . Then, when you use one section, _______ other stays fresh.
【变式训练2】There are two books on the desk. You can take _________ of them.
不定代词(a) few, (a) little, many, much的用法
用法 示例
few修饰可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” The last few winters have been very cold.过去几个冬天都很冷。
a few修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“几个；一些” I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few. 我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。
little修饰不可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
a little修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“一点” She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。
many修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” We don't have very many copies left. 我们所剩的册数不多。
much修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” I don't have much money with me. 我没带多少钱。
部分否定
all、both、every、everybody、 everyday、 everyone、everything、 everywhere、always、often等与not搭配 使用时,表示部分否定,在这种部分否定结 构中不论not放在这些词前面还是放在这 些词后面,它们都表示部分否定。
如：All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光的东西不一定都是金子
全部否定
both的全部否定用 neither everyone的全部否定用 nobody或no one
not all的全部否定为none not always的全部否定为never
完全否定可以用not、no、never、none、nobody、nothing、neither... nor、 nowhere 等表示。
如：Nothing is difficult for him. 没什么难得到他。
Mary never has beef.玛丽从来不吃牛肉。
指示代词用法
1. 常见指示代词的形式：it，this(单数)—these(复数), that(单数)—those(复数)
如：This is my watch. That is his watch.
These are my books. Those are his books.
打电话时,常用“that”询问对方是“谁”, 用“this”介绍自己。
如：—Hello, is that Lucy？ —Hello, this is Lucy.
典型用法 典型示例
it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物 --Where's your car --It's in the garage.--你的汽车在哪儿？--在车库里。 Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案，把这封信放进去。
that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词 The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。
those特指上文提到的复数名词 The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。
one泛指上文提到的可数名词，前有定语（同类不同物） I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一个新的。 I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too 我想买吃苹果，你也要吗？
ones代替泛指的复数名词 Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
the one特指上文提到的单数名词 This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。 Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。
the ones特指上文提到的复数名词 Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。
such倒装句，考虑就近一致 Such is the result of the contest. 这就是竞赛的结果。
【变式训练1】Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious _________ than mobile phones do.
【变式训练2】Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _________who had already taken them.
【变式训练3】My pen is missing. I still haven’t found _______. I want to buy a new _______.
it用法
1.it的基本用法
(1) it作人称代词的用法（常用来指性别不明的婴儿）
Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos.
(2) it作非人称代词的用法
①主要用于指时间、距离、价值、自然现象(天气、气候及温度等)。
It's quite warm at the moment.现在很暖和。
②用于某些句型中：
It's time for sth.　　该是做某事的时间了。
It's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时候了。
It's time for sb. to do sth. 到某人该做某事的时间了。
It's (about/high) time＋that... 是做……的时候了。
It is/was the first/second... time＋that... 某人第几次做某事。
It's＋时间段＋since... 自从……有一段时间了。
It's＋时间段＋before... 过多长时间才……。
It looks/seems as if/as though ...看起来好像……
It is/was+被强调部分+that...(强调句）
【例题展示】（2022年全国甲卷，满分作文）It's a day to stress the importance of ocean and remind people to protect it．
【变式训练1】We always take for granted that our parents do everything for us without asking anything in return.
【变式训练2】（2018浙江卷）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.
2. it作形式主语及形式宾语（易错点）
it使用场合 示例
形式主语 ① It is a pity/shame that ... 真可惜…… ② It is no wonder that ... 难怪…… ③ It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看来…… ④It happens that ... 碰巧…… ⑤It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ...某人突然想起…… ⑥It is said/reported that ... 据说/据报道…… ⑦It is certain that ... ……是一定的 ⑧It is no use/good doing ... 做……没有用/好处 ⑨It takes sb some time to do...做……花费某人若干时间
形式宾语 ①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/of sb to do/that…从句 ②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋no use/a waste of time＋doing ...
【例题展示】（2025年浙江首考·七选五）Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand.
【变式训练1】（2023年新课标Ⅰ卷·应用文） I would appreciate ________ if you could take my following proposals into consideration.
【变式训练2】Although foreigners still need to meet certain requirements, this policy made_______easier for them to visit China.
并列连词的用法
并列连词 用法 例句
and 表递进、几者兼有、顺承关系 Do it slowly and carefully. 慢慢地、小心地做。
but 表转折，意为“但是”，不与(al)though/while连用 We were tired but happy. 我们很累，但很开心。
yet “然而”，可以与(al)though/while连用 It was familiar，yet it sounded strange. 它很熟悉，但听起来很奇怪。
while 表对比关系，意为“然而” While Tom's good at science，his brother performs poorly. 汤姆擅长科学，而他弟弟却表现很差。
or 选择关系，意为“或者” “Tea or coffee？” John asked. “茶还是咖啡？”约翰问。
否定句中表并列关系，意为“也不” He can't read or write. 他既不会读也不会写。
引出解释性内容，意为“即，也就是，或者说” We've cleaned it up，or at least most of it. 我们已经清理了，或者至少清理了大部分。
用于警告或忠告，意为“否则，要不然” Turn the heat down，or it'll burn. 把火关小点，不然会烧糊的。
so 表因果关系，引出结果，不与because/as/since连用 It was painful so I went to see a doctor. 它很疼，所以我去看了医生。
for 表因果关系，引出原因，只置于句中 I believed her—for surely she would not lie to me. 我相信她，因为她肯定不会对我说谎。
when 意为“这时(突然)”，相当于and then He was sleeping when the earthquake struck. 他正在睡觉，这时突然地震了。
并列连词常用于以下固定搭配或句型中：
①either...or... 要么……要么……，或者……或者……
Sightseeing is best done either by tour bus or by bicycle.观光最好乘旅游巴士或骑自行车。
②neither...nor... 既不……也不……
Mr Smith spoke neither English nor German.史密斯先生既不会说英语，也不会说德语。
③both...and... ……和……(都)
Both his mother and his father will be there.他父亲和母亲都会在那里。
④not only...but (also)... 不仅……而且……
He is not only an actor but (also) a singer.他不仅是一个演员，还是一个歌手。
⑤not...but... 不是……而是……
Not money but skilled workers are what we need.我们需要的不是钱，而是熟练的工人。
⑥祈使句/名词短语＋and/or＋陈述句（易错点）
Wear your coat, or you'll be cold.穿上你的外套，否则你会冷的。
⑦be doing/be about to do/be on the point of doing/had just done...when...正在做/刚要做/刚做完……这时(突然)……
He was about to explain it when she laughed.他刚要解释这件事，这时她突然笑了。
【变式训练】
1．To make both the lunar calendar the solar calendar agree, a leap month needs to be added every 2 to 3 years.
2．Hurry up, you’ll catch the train.
3．Sometimes I am lazy and don't want to work hard, the moment I think of my motto I will get energetic again and devote myself to what I am doing.
4．Another hour we will complete the task sent to us.
六、易错点练习
1. (2024九省联考卷)However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of (they).
2.（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of _______ (they) contents.
3.（2022全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
4.Hurry up, you’ll miss the train.
七、板书设计
代词和并列连词
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法
不定代词的用法
指示代词的用法
it的用法（基本用法和作形式主语、形式宾语的用法）
并列连词的用法代词和并列连词作业基础训练
单句语法填空
1． is a pity that you should miss such a good opportunity to broaden your view.
2．I owe to you that I can get so much progress.
3．It’s nice to sit down and take easy after a hard day’s work.
4．Once she starts playing a video game, she can’t drag (she) away from it.
5．A young man attached (he) to me at the party and I couldn’t get rid of him.
6．In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at (we) fingertips.
7．Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed (they) own ecosystem.
8．Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with (it) beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights.
9．Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me of the (one) my uncle used to grow when I was a child.
10．I found （I）working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely.
11．“Chinese online literature has become a global cultural center compared with Hollywood movies in terms of (it) reach and influence among the worldwide audience,”said Wang.
12．The World Wide Web makes possible for us to shop, to chat and to study online.
13．However, when preparing for the English speech contest, I found very challenging to collect information and use language correctly.
14．Finally, should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.
15．It is necessary for us (sharpen) our eyes to tell right from wrong by enriching our thinking with innovative theories.
16．You can rely on that they will finish their work ahead of schedule.
17．I think an honor to be invited to speak at such an important conference.
18．I hate it the weather becomes freezing cold because there is no heater inside.
19．We thought it no use (decrease) the amount of nutrients.
20．I dislike when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind.
21．Experts felt necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.
22．Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious than mobile phones do.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Museums play an important role in preserving and showcasing cultural heritage. 1______ have you ever wondered where museums get their exhibits If a museum is sponsored by the government, the relics are 2 (probable) collected under special laws protecting historical treasures related to that country. However, more and more museums set up by private collectors 3 (spring) up in China since the 1990s. They give people a chance to see exhibits found nowhere else, 4 the relatively small size.
Songtang Li is one such collector. Displayed in the museum he opened in an old 18th century house 5 (be) some of the best examples of Chinese folk art he has collected over his lifetime. The museum is a miracle in 6 (it). Whenever an old building is being torn down, Li will visit the site to see if there is anything from the building worth 7 __________ (rescue). In this way, Li has managed to gather thousands of folk art pieces, some of 8 are over 1,000 years old.
The first folk art sculpture in Li’s collection was two 9 (remark) gate piers (门墩柱) with historical designs. They are from his childhood, when the city told L’s family to get rid of the piers for renovation. Luckily Li’s father allowed his son to keep them.
Today, the Museum is seen as one of the best courtyard houses in Beijing featuring the unique traditional art and culture. Any 10 (visit) to the Museum is bound to view some of the best relics in the region.
代词和并列连词作业基础训练答案
1. It解析：考查it作形式主语。句意：很遗憾，你错过了这样一个开阔视野的好机会。空处使用it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，是真正的主语，首字母应大写，故填It。
2. it解析：考查it作形式宾语。句意：我能取得这么大的进步，多亏了你。分析句子可知，空格处应用“it”作形式宾语，真正的宾语为“that”引导的从句，我把“能取得这么大的进步”归功于你。故填it。
3. it解析：考查代词。句意：辛苦工作了一天，能坐下来放松一下真是太好了。此处需要使用代词it，构成固定搭配“take it easy”意为“放轻松”。故答案为：it。
4. herself解析：考查代词。句意：一旦开始玩电子游戏，她就无法自拔。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“drag oneself away from”，意为“恋恋不舍地离开……”，故空格处应用反身代词“herself”。故填herself。
5. himself解析：考查反身代词。句意：聚会上有个年轻人缠着我，我甩不掉他。空处作宾语，与主语“A young man”指同一人，故应用反身代词，动词短语attach oneself to表示“依附于”，符合句意。故填himself。
6. our解析：考查物主代词。句意：在数字时代，我们习惯于随时随地得到我们需要的东西。固定短语 at one’s fingertips意为“在某人手边， 随时可用”，应使用形容词性物主代词our，作定语。 故填our。
7. their解析：考查物主代词。句意：渐渐地，这些不同种类的生命相互适应，形成了自己的生态系统。空处作定语，修饰名词短语“own ecosystem”，故应用形容词性物主代词their，表示“它们的”。故填their。
8. its解析：考查代词的形容词性物主代词用法。句意：骑自行车是探索这座城市最经济、最可持续、最有趣的方式，这里有美丽的运河、公园、广场和无数的灯光。空处需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰名词canals，表示“它的运河、公园、广场和无数的灯光”。it的形容词性物主代词形式为its。故填its。
9. ones
解析：考查代词。句意：那些西红柿的味道让我想起了我小时候我叔叔常种的西红柿。设空处提示词one代替前面提到的tomato，表示同类不同物，我叔叔种的西红柿不止一个，所以应使用复数形式。故填ones。
10. myself解析：考查代词。句意：我发现自己正在与一位机器人教授合作，研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。设空处作found的宾语，指代主语，表示“我自己”应用反身代词myself。故填myself。
11. its解析：考查物主代词。句意：他说：“与好莱坞电影相比，中国网络文学在全球观众中的影响力已经成为一个全球文化中心。”分析句意可知，设空处指代Chinese online literature，修饰 reach and influence，所以用形容词性物主代词表示“中国网络文学的影响范围和影响力”。故填its。
12. it解析：考查it作形式宾语。句意：万维网使我们可以在网上购物、聊天和学习。结合“possible for us to shop”可知，此处用固定表达“make it+形容词+for sb. to do”表示“使得做某事对某人来说怎么样”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。故填it。
13. it解析：考查代词。句意：然而，在准备英语演讲比赛时，我发现收集信息和正确使用语言非常具有挑战性。此处为“find+it+adj.+动词不定式”结构，其中it为形式宾语，形容词为宾补，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语“to collect information and use language correctly”。故填it。
14. it解析：考查代词。句意：最后，应该指出的是，享受人群的陪伴并不等同于和朋友在一起。分析句子结构可知，此处为主语位置，且该主语指代的是“that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends”这一观点，因此应使用形式主语it来占位，真正的主语为后面的that从句；“It should be pointed out that…”是固定句型，意为“应该指出的是……”。故填it。
15. to sharpen解析：考查固定句型和非谓语动词。“It is necessary for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，意思是“对某人来说做某事是必要的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，故填to sharpen。
16. it解析：考查it代词。句意：你可以相信他们会提前完成工作的。设空处为宾语，代替后面的that的从句，所以应是形式宾语，用it，故填it。
17. it解析：考查代词。句意：我认为被邀请在这么重要的会议讲话是一件很荣幸的事。此处作形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式to be invited to speak at such an important conference，故应用it作形式宾语，故填it。
18. when解析：考查it作形式宾语when引导的从句作真正的宾语。句意：我讨厌天气变冷的时候，因为里面没有暖气。由句意及空前的I hate it可知此处为I hate it/like it/appreciate it/dislike it...+when/if从句的结构，其中it作形式宾语，when/if引导的从句作真正的宾语，结合句意此处应用when引导的从句作真正的宾语，故填when。
19. decreasing解析：考查动名词。句意：我们认为减少营养的量是没有用的。句中it作形式宾语，no use作宾语补足语，用动名词作真正的宾语。故填decreasing。
20． it解析：考查代词。句意：我不喜欢别人在公共场合嘲笑我或背后说我的坏话。当hate/enjoy/like/love/prefer/appreciate/dislike等表示情绪的动词后接when或if从句时，通常要用it作形式宾语，故填it。
It解析：考查it作形式宾语。句意：专家们认为有必要想出一个计划，把所有的兔子从岛上移走。由句意此处为it作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语的结构，故填it。
22. ones解析：考查代词。句意：汽车确实给我们带来了一些健康问题——事实上，这些问题比手机严重得多。此处应用ones代指上文提到的health problems，故填ones。
【答案】81．But/Yet 82．probably 83．have sprung 84．despite 85．are 86．itself 87．rescuing 88．which 89．remarkable 90．visitor
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆在保护和展示文化遗产方面的重要作用，以及展品的来源，还特别讲述了中国私人收藏家李松堂及其博物馆的相关情况。
81．考查连词。句意：博物馆在保护和展示文化遗产方面发挥着重要作用。但你有没有想过博物馆的展品是从哪里来的呢？前一句讲博物馆的重要作用，后一句提出关于展品来源的疑问，两句之间是转折关系，所以使用but/yet，位于句首首字母需大写。故填But/Yet。
82．考查副词。句意：如果博物馆是由政府赞助的，那么这些文物很可能是根据保护与该国相关的历史宝藏的特殊法律收集的。此处修饰动词collected，需要用副词形式，probable的副词是probably。故填probably。
83．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，自20世纪90年代以来，中国越来越多由私人收藏家建立的博物馆如雨后春笋般涌现。根据时间状语since the 1990s可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语more and more museums是复数形式，所以谓语动词用have sprung。故填have sprung。
84．考查介词。句意：尽管规模相对较小，但它们让人们有机会看到在其他地方找不到的展品。结合句意，此处表示“尽管”，后面接名词短语the relatively small size，所以用介词despite。故填despite。
85．考查主谓一致。句意：在他于18世纪的一座老房子里开设的博物馆里，陈列着他毕生收藏的一些中国民间艺术精品。这是一个倒装句，主语是some of the best examples of Chinese folk art，为复数形式，所以谓语动词用are。故填are。
86．考查代词。句意：这个博物馆本身就是一个奇迹。此处指博物馆自身，用反身代词itself。故填itself。
87．考查非谓语动词。句意：每当一座旧建筑要被拆除时，李就会去现场看看有没有什么值得抢救的东西。“be worth doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“值得做某事”，所以此处用动名词rescuing。故填rescuing。
88．考查定语从句。句意：通过这种方式，李已经收集了数千件民间艺术品，其中一些有1000多年的历史。分析句子结构，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是thousands of folk art pieces，指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以用which。故填which。
89．考查形容词。句意：李收藏的第一件民间艺术雕塑是两个带有历史图案的非凡门墩柱。此处修饰名词gate piers，需要用形容词，remark的形容词是remarkable。故填remarkable。
90．考查名词。句意：任何参观博物馆的人都一定会看到该地区一些最好的文物。此处作主语，且前面有Any修饰，应用名词单数形式，visit的名词是visitor。故填visitor。代词和并列连词答案
教学目标：
掌握人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法
掌握不定代词的用法
掌握指示代词的用法
掌握it的用法（基本用法和作形式主语、形式宾语的用法）
教学过程：
考情分析
近年高考对代词的考查在语法填空中以有提示词和无提示词形式出现；阅读和写作及听力中涉及更灵活的代词指代和不定代词等知识，侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。近年高考真题语法填空代词考点主要分布：人称代词（4年9考）；不定代词（3年2考）；代词it（4年1考）。
代词的分类
代词是英语常见词类，种类丰富，包含人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、关系代词、连接代词等。
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词用法
1.人称代词和物主代词
主格（做主语）：I am Jack Ma.
人称代词
宾格（作宾语）：Look at me.
形物代（作定语）：My father is a singer.
物主代词
名物代(作主语、宾语、表语)： This book is Tom's.
Mine is over there.
That book is mine.
【变式训练1】 So I changed my (I) mind and chose Business Management as my major.
【变式训练2】（2025·山西省高三开学摸底）The UNESCO included Spring Festival on the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Wednesday. The committee recognized the festival for its (it) wide range of rituals (礼节) and unique cultural elements that engage all of Chinese society.
例1（2025年安徽省马鞍山市高三第一次教学质量检测）That’s why each Spring Festival, hundreds of millions of people travel home to reunite(团聚) with (they) relatives.
【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意：那就是为什么每年春节有数以百万计的人回家和他们的亲人团聚。根据空后的名词relatives（亲戚）可知，空中用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词，they的形容词性物主代词是their，表示“他们的”。故填their。
例2（2024年全国甲卷）They wondered out loud. This area, with 66 （it）unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
例3（2025年浙江首考·读后续写）“What if he has told the truth ” he thought to himself. The man’s words sounded pretty convincing.
【译文】“要是他说的是实话呢？”他心里想。那人的说法听起来很有说服力。
【变式训练1·变考法】Our neighbors gave (we) a baby bird yesterday that hurt (it) when it fell from its nest.
【答案】us, itself
【解析】考查代词。句意：我们的邻居昨天送给我们一只雏鸟，它从窝里掉下来时受了伤。第一空作动词的宾语，应用宾格us；第二空表示“它自己”应用反身代词itself。故填①us；②itself。
【变式训练2·变情景】He has three sons, and one of is an engineer.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。句意：他有三个儿子，其中一个是工程师。and连接两个并列的句子，所以“one of_____”在句中为主语部分，空处需要人称代词的宾格形式them指代前文中的three sons，作介词of的宾语。故应填them。
【易错提醒】本题容易和非限制性定语从句混淆，题中如果去掉并列连词and，则填whom。
【变式训练3·变载体】It will take some time to popularize the new travel trend and the prices must remain competitive to ensure that regular tourists can afford .
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。句意：要普及这种新的旅游趋势还需要一段时间，而且价格必须保持竞争力，以确保普通游客能够负担得起。分析句意可知，这里指代的是复数名词prices且动词afford后接宾语，所以用人称代词的宾格形式，故填them。
2.反身代词的基本用法
反身代词
3.反身代词的常见搭配
场合 示例
与介词搭配 by oneself 独自地 for oneself 替自己；为自己 of oneself 自动地 in oneself 本质上；本身
与动词搭配 apply oneself to 专心致志于 behave oneself 举止得体；行为检点 dress oneself 打扮；自己穿衣 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座；入席 make yourself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学
【变式训练1】（2025·河北省邢台市二轮复习质检测）An initiative was launched in late January by Xiaohongshu, a Chinese lifestyle-focused social media platform, inviting users to upload photos or videos of themselves (they) and friends wearing hanfu at landmarks around the world from January 28 to February 19.
【变式训练2】（24-25高三上·广东佛山·阶段练习）Biology is my favourite subject, and my target is to prepare ____myself_____ (I) for my degree in biology at university.
不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词的用法
不定代词both, either, neither, all, any, none, another, the other, other等的用法
典型用法 典型示例
each指两者或两者以上中每个 They each have their own email address. 他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。
both表示“两者都” Both his mother and his father will be there. 他父母二人都要去那里。
all指“(三者或三者以上)全部” All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。
either表示“(两者中的)任何一个” You can park on either side of the street. 这条街两边都可停车。
neither表示“两者都不” Neither of my parents speaks a foreign language. 我的父母都不会说外语。
none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点” We have three sons but none of them live nearby. 我们有三个儿子，但他们都不住在附近。
nothing表示“没有任何东西” The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me. 医生说我什么毛病也没有。
another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一” Heavy rains continued another three days. 大雨持续了三天。 Would you like another drink 还想喝一杯吗？
other泛指“其余的”，只作定语 Are there any other questions 还有其他问题没有？
others“另一些” Don't expect others to read your mind. 不要期望别人能看出你的心思。
the other特指两者之中的另一个 He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手，然后举起另一只。
the others“剩余的一些” I walked back while the others rode in the car. 别人都乘车，而我是走回来的。
【例题展示】（2022年浙江1月卷，应用文）For one thing, we got a glimpse of various aesthetic masterpieces，from Chinese calligraphy to Irish paintings. And for another, the festival unfolded the two countries' profound history.
【变式训练1】（2024年浙江首考）Over the last two years, supermarkets sell chicken in packs with two halves . Then, when you use one section, ____the____ other stays fresh.
【变式训练1】There are two books on the desk. You can take _________ of them.
【答案】either/both
【解析】考查不定代词。句意：桌子上有两本书。你可以随便选一个/两个都拿。根据句意，表示选择“两个中的任一一个”，用不定代词either，表示选择“两个”，用不定代词both，作宾语。故填either/both。
不定代词(a) few, (a) little, many, much的用法
用法 示例
few修饰可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” The last few winters have been very cold.过去几个冬天都很冷。
a few修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“几个；一些” I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few. 我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。
little修饰不可数名词，否定含义，“几乎没有” There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
a little修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“一点” She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。
many修饰可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” We don't have very many copies left. 我们所剩的册数不多。
much修饰不可数名词，肯定含义，“许多” I don't have much money with me. 我没带多少钱。
指示代词用法
典型用法 典型示例
it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物 --Where's your car --It's in the garage.--你的汽车在哪儿？--在车库里。 Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案，把这封信放进去。
that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词 The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。
those特指上文提到的复数名词 The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。
one泛指上文提到的可数名词，前有定语 I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一个新的。 I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too 我想买吃苹果，你也要吗？
ones代替泛指的复数名词 Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
the one特指上文提到的单数名词 This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。 Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。
the ones特指上文提到的复数名词 Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。
such倒装句，考虑就近一致 Such is the result of the contest. 这就是竞赛的结果。
【变式训练1】Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious _________ than mobile phones do.
【答案】ones
【解析】考查代词。句意：汽车确实给我们带来了一些健康问题——事实上，这些问题比手机严重得多。此处应用ones代指上文提到的health problems，故填ones。
【变式训练2】Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except ____those_____who had already taken them.
【变式训练3】My pen is missing. I still haven’t found ___it______. I want to buy a new ___one____.
it用法
1.it的基本用法
(1) it作人称代词的用法
Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos.
(2) it作非人称代词的用法
①主要用于指时间、距离、价值、自然现象(天气、气候及温度等)。
It's quite warm at the moment.现在很暖和。
②用于某些句型中：
It's time for sth.　　 　该是做某事的时间了。
It's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时候了。
It's time for sb. to do sth.到某人该做某事的时间了。
It's (about/high) time＋that...是做……的时候了。
It's the first/second... time＋that...某人第几次做某事。
It's＋时间段＋since...自从……有一段时间了。
It's＋时间段＋before...过多长时间才……。
【例题展示】（2022年全国甲卷，满分作文）It's a day to stress the importance of ocean and remind people to protect it．
【变式训练1】We always take for granted that our parents do everything for us without asking anything in return.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。句意：我们总是认为父母为我们做任何事都是理所当然的，而不要求任何回报。此处是固定搭配：take it for granted that意为“理所当然地认为”，其中it为形式宾语。故填it。
【变式训练2】（2018浙江卷）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___it______ can be to eat out.
2. it作形式主语及形式宾语
it使用场合 示例
形式主语 ① It is a pity/shame that ... 真可惜…… ② It is no wonder that ... 难怪…… ③ It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看来…… ④ It looks/seems as if/as though ...看起来好像…… ⑤ It happens that ... 碰巧…… ⑥ It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ...某人突然想起…… ⑦ It is said/reported that ... 据说/据报道…… ⑧ It is certain that ... ……是一定的 ⑨ It is no use/good doing ... 做……没有用/好处 ⑩ It takes sb some time to do...做……花费某人若干时间
形式宾语 ①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/of sb to do/that…从句 ②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋no use/a waste of time＋doing ...
【例题展示】（2025年浙江首考·七选五）Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand.
【变式训练1】（2023年新课标Ⅰ卷·应用文） I would appreciate ________ if you could take my following proposals into consideration.
【变式训练2】Although foreigners still need to meet certain requirements, this policy made_______ easier for them to visit China.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。句意：虽然外国人仍然需要满足一定的要求，但这一政策使他们更容易访问中国。此处是固定搭配：make it+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.其中it为形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。故填it。
并列连词的用法
并列连词 用法 例句
and 表递进、几者兼有、顺承关系 Do it slowly and carefully. 慢慢地、小心地做。
but 表转折，意为“但是”，不与(al)though/while连用 We were tired but happy. 我们很累，但很开心。
yet “然而”，可以与(al)though/while连用 It was familiar，yet it sounded strange. 它很熟悉，但听起来很奇怪。
while 表对比关系，意为“然而” While Tom's good at science，his brother performs poorly. 汤姆擅长科学，而他弟弟却表现很差。
or 选择关系，意为“或者” “Tea or coffee？” John asked. “茶还是咖啡？”约翰问。
否定句中表并列关系，意为“也不” He can't read or write. 他既不会读也不会写。
引出解释性内容，意为“即，也就是，或者说” We've cleaned it up，or at least most of it. 我们已经清理了，或者至少清理了大部分。
用于警告或忠告，意为“否则，要不然” Turn the heat down，or it'll burn. 把火关小点，不然会烧糊的。
so 表因果关系，引出结果，不与because/as/since连用 It was painful so I went to see a doctor. 它很疼，所以我去看了医生。
for 表因果关系，引出原因，只置于句中 I believed her—for surely she would not lie to me. 我相信她，因为她肯定不会对我说谎。
when 意为“这时(突然)”，相当于and then He was sleeping when the earthquake struck. 他正在睡觉，这时突然地震了。
并列连词常用于以下固定搭配或句型中：
①either...or... 要么……要么……，或者……或者……
Sightseeing is best done either by tour bus or by bicycle.观光最好乘旅游巴士或骑自行车。
②neither...nor... 既不……也不……
Mr Smith spoke neither English nor German.史密斯先生既不会说英语，也不会说德语。
③both...and... ……和……(都)
Both his mother and his father will be there.他父亲和母亲都会在那里。
④not only...but (also)... 不仅……而且……
He is not only an actor but (also) a singer.他不仅是一个演员，还是一个歌手。
⑤not...but... 不是……而是……
Not money but skilled workers are what we need.我们需要的不是钱，而是熟练的工人。
⑥祈使句/名词短语＋and/or＋陈述句
Wear your coat, or you'll be cold.穿上你的外套，否则你会冷的。
⑦be doing/be about to do/be on the point of doing/had just done...when...正在做/刚要做/刚做完……这时(突然)……
He was about to explain it when she laughed.他刚要解释这件事，这时她突然笑了。
【变式训练】
1．To make both the lunar calendar and the solar calendar agree, a leap month needs to be added every 2 to 3 years.
2．Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
3．Sometimes I am lazy and don't want to work hard, but the moment I think of my motto I will get energetic again and devote myself to what I am doing.
4．Another hour and we will complete the task sent to us.代词和并列连词作业
单句语法填空
1.（2024全国甲卷）This area, with _________ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
2.（2022北京卷）Since people can’t always eat out or cook for _________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery.
3.（2021全国乙卷）Ecotourism has _________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s.
4.（2021年新高考I卷） As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _________（I）.
5.（2024九省联考卷）However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of _________ (they).
6. (2021浙江6月卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ____________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
7. (2020·新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine __________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
8. (2019北京卷) Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to ________ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
9. (2018全国III) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________ (they) alive.
10.（2018浙江卷）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _________ can be to eat out.
11. (2017浙江卷) Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt ___________ (I),” says Pahlsson.
12．That’s why each Spring Festival, hundreds of millions of people travel home to reunite (团聚) with ____ (they) relatives.
13．Interestingly, Chen found a young girl who said one of Zhang Yimou’s movie was her favourite because the romance between the two main characters was similar to of her own parents’.
14．Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find__________ convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.
15．I take for granted that they have arrived there already.
16． suddenly struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.
17． is a fact that these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
18．Tina made clear that she would leave the company.
19． is recognized that 2021 New Year message of President Xi Jinping is extremely inspiring.
20．Translation apps have made much easier for foreign tourists to communicate with locals, even if they don’t speak the local language.
21.In Hangzhou,borrowing books from the library is now as simple as shopping online:click,pay____________ wait for delivery.
22. I have grown not only physically, also mentally in the past few years.
23. Believe it not, all this bad sleep has far-reaching consequences.
24. Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, once I started the car, my mind went blank.
25. Nowadays millions of people keep dogs as pets. People feed them,take them on holidays_____________look after them.
26. White collar workers in China are willing to postpone their retirement age_________ blue collar workers prefer to retire early.
27. For much of that time, she wanted to fly, never had the chance until now.
28. As a visitor or guest in a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!
29. The visitors had just left the museum they heard a bomb explode at the exit.
30.However, it is reported that eating bad food for a long term not only makes us put on weight but can lead to other health problems such as diabetes, and that it can also affect our mental state______________result in depression.
31.Whether I was in the car, the house, anywhere else, there was sure to be some Beatles, or Buddy Holly played in the background.
翻译下列句子(正确运用代词和并列连词完成句子)
1．(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)首先，共享单车给我们的短途出行带来了极大的便利，使其更加灵活和环保。(make+宾语+宾补）
First of all, shared bicycles have brought great convenience to our short distance travel,
more and environmentally friendly．
2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)这不仅可以提高项目的有效性，还可以促进学生之间的交流与合作。
This will enhance the program effectiveness promote communication and cooperation among students.
3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)我们挨着坐了下来，但大卫不看我。
We sat down next to ，but David wouldn't ．
4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)然而，他用尽全力跟上其他人，他的小身体左右摇晃，却没有放弃的迹象。
However，he went all out to keep up with ，his small body rocking from side to side，showing no sign of giving up.
5．(2022·浙江1月卷读后续写)我决定全身心地投入到研究课题的工作中，而他则研发科学模型。
I decided to the task of working with the subjects， he developed the scientific model．
三、阅读理解（训练阅读能力）
Imagine the busy streets of New York City, an enormous place with millions of people. Every day, the streets are crowded with people going about their daily lives. Now imagine a small robot in the middle of all of those people. Most people would not even notice the ten-inch smiling robot, called a Tweenbot, rolling along the busy sidewalk. This strange machine may interest some people, while others would ignore it completely. A researcher interested in studying how helpful people really are uses such robots in her experiments.
The Tweenbots experiment is the idea and creation of Kacie Kinzer, which was to make a robot that could navigate the city and reach its destination only if it was aided by pedestrians. Tweenbots rely on the kindness of warm-hearted strangers. Made simply of cardboard, wheels, and a device to turn the wheels, the Tweenbots face many dangers on the city streets. They could be run over by cars or smashed by careless kids. Each of Kinzer’s robots is fitted with a flag that displays instructions for the robot’s destination. The only way these robots will reach their final point is if someone lends them a hand. Tweenbots are essentially a social experiment aimed at providing people a chance to show how caring they are.
On a daily basis, people in New York City are often in a hurry to get around. However, the Tweenbots, through their inability to look after themselves, took people out of their normal routines. The people who noticed the helpless little robots were actually interested in helping the Tweenbots find their way home. Tweenbots move at a constant speed and can only go in a straight line. If one was to get stuck, or was going in the wrong direction, it would be up to strangers to free it or turn it in the right direction. Surprisingly, no Tweenbot was lost or damaged, and each one arrived at its target in good condition. In fact, most people treated the robot in a gentle manner, and some even treated it as though it were a small living being.
1. What’s the purpose of Kinzer’s experiment
A. To promote Tweenbots’ flexibility.
B. To test people’s kindness.
C. To improve Tweenbot’s sense of direction.
D. To highlight people’s sense of responsibility.
2. What does the writer want to show by listing many dangers in paragraph 2
A. How careless the kids are. B. How dependent Tweenbots are.
C. How crowded New York is. D. How dangerous the car drivers are.
3. What can a Tweenbot do
A. Free itself when stuck. B. Turn at the crossroads.
C. Instruct the strangers its destination. D. Walk at an unchanging speed.
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Tweenbots’ popularity. B. Tweenbots’ inability.
C. The result of the experiment. D. New Yorkers’ normal routines.
代词和并列连词作业答案
单句语法填空（针对教学目标一、二、三）
1.（2024全国甲卷）This area, with _________ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
2.（2023全国乙卷）Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair.
【答案】his改为her
【解析】考查代词。句意：上周五，我妈妈决定染头发。此处指“我妈妈染她的头发”，应用代词her。故his改为her。
3.（2022北京卷）Since people can’t always eat out or cook for _________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭，所以他们叫外卖或者叫外卖。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
4.（2021全国乙卷）Ecotourism has _________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s.
【答案】its
【解析】句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
5.（2021年新高考I卷） As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _________（I）.
【答案】mine
【解析】考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
6.（2024九省联考卷）However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of _________ (they).
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查代词。句意：然而，他认为，用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力，写得更快，他们可以为自己感到自豪。根据空格前的介词of可知，空格处应填代词作宾语，根据句意“他们自己”应用themselves。故填themselves。
5.（2022北京卷）Since people can’t always eat out or cook for __________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery.
6.(2021浙江6月卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ____________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
7.(2021新高考I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____________ (I).
8.(2020·新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine __________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
9.(2019北京卷) Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to ________ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
10.(2018全国III) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________ (they) alive.
11.（2018浙江卷）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _________ can be to eat out.
12.(2017浙江卷) Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt ___________ (I),” says Pahlsson.
5.themselves 6.herself 7.mine 8.themselves 9.myself 10.them 11.it 2.myself
16．That’s why each Spring Festival, hundreds of millions of people travel home to reunite (团聚) with (they) relatives.
16. their
解析：考查代词。句意：那就是为什么每年春节有数以百万计的人回家和他们的亲人团聚。根据空后的名词relatives (亲戚)可知，应用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词，they的形容词性物主代词是their，表示“他们的”。故填their。
17．Interestingly, Chen found a young girl who said one of Zhang Yimou’s movie was her favourite because the romance between the two main characters was similar to of her own parents’.
17. that
解析：考查代词。句意：有趣的是，陈发现一个年轻女孩，她说张艺谋的一部电影是她的最爱，因为两位主角之间的浪漫爱情与她父母的（爱情）类似。指代前文提到的“the romance” ，用that。故填that。
18．Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.
18. it
解析：考查it作形式宾语。句意：像我和我的妻子这样拥有幼年子女的X一代仍然觉得拥有一个家庭电话比为每个家庭成员提供一部手机更方便。此处涉及固定句型：find it+adj.+to do sth.“发现做某事是……的”，其中it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。故填it。
19．I take for granted that they have arrived there already.
19. it
解析：考查固定句型。句意：我认为他们已经到了那里是理所当然的。根据句意，表示“认为……是理所当然的”用固定短语take it for granted，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。故填it。
20． suddenly struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.
20. It
解析：考查it。句意：突然想到我第二天在上海有一个重要会议。设空处使用代词作主语，这里it stuck sb that...为固定句型，意为“让某人想到的是……”，此处it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填It。
21． is a fact that these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
21. It
解析：考查it的用法。句意：事实上，这些国家公园得到了旅游公司的财政支持。此处为固定句型it is a fact that...“事实上……”，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。首字母大写。故填It。
22．Tina made clear that she would leave the company.
22. it
解析：考查形式宾语。句意：蒂娜明确表示她将离开公司。“made it clear that...”是常见的表达结构，其中“it”作形式宾语，指代后面的宾语从句；句中用形式宾语it代替后面的宾语从句“that she would leave the company”。故填it。
23． is recognized that 2021 New Year message of President Xi Jinping is extremely inspiring.
23. It
解析：考查固定句型和形式主语。句意：人们公认习近平主席2021年的新年贺词极具鼓舞性。“It is recognized that…”是固定句型，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是从句“that 2021 New Year message of President Xi Jinping is extremely inspiring”。故填It。
24．Translation apps have made much easier for foreign tourists to communicate with locals, even if they don’t speak the local language.
24. it
解析：考查代词。句意：翻译应用程序让外国游客与当地人交流变得更加容易，即使他们不会说当地语言。“make it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，此处应用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语“for foreign tourists to communicate with locals”。故填it。
【答案详解】
1.and 解析：click,pay和wait for delivery 是并列关系，指借书的三个步骤，故填 and.答案：
2.but 解析：not only...but also...意为“不仅······而且······”，是固定搭配。
3.or 解析：believe it or not 意为“信不信由你”，是固定搭配。
4.but/yet 解析：由“I thought I had learned the instructor's orders”和 went blank可知，语境表示转折含义，应该用转折连词but或 yet.
5.and 解析：句中feed, take和look after为并列谓语，最后两个谓语之间用 and连接。
6.while　解析：句意：在中国，白领愿意推迟退休年龄而蓝领则更希望早退休。并列连词while在此表示对比。
7.but　解析：她想飞，但一直没有得到机会，前后为转折关系，故填but。
8.either　解析：根据空后的or可知，这里填either构成either...or... “……或者……”结构。句意：作为一个游客或者客人，在中国人的家里或者餐馆里，你会发现餐桌礼仪在我们的日常生活中很有必要。
9.when　解析：句意：这些游客刚离开博物馆就听到出口处传来炸弹爆炸的声音。这里用had just done sth. when...句式表示“刚做完某事就……”。
10.and　解析：“影响精神状况”与“导致抑郁”是顺承关系，故用并列连词and。
11.or　解析：句意：无论我是在车里、在房间里，还是在其他任何地方，肯定会有甲壳虫乐队或者巴迪·霍利的背景音乐在播放。the car, the house与anywhere else之间为选择关系，设空处表示“或者”，故填or。
翻译下列句子(正确运用代词和并列连词完成句子)
1．(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)首先，共享单车给我们的短途出行带来了极大的便利，使其更加灵活和环保。
First of all, shared bicycles have brought great convenience to our short distance travel, making it more flexible and environmentally friendly．
2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)这不仅可以提高项目的有效性，还可以促进学生之间的交流与合作。
This will not only enhance the program effectiveness but also promote communication and cooperation among students.
3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)我们挨着坐了下来，但大卫不看我。
We sat down next to each other，but David wouldn't look at me．
4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)然而，他用尽全力跟上其他人，他的小身体左右摇晃，却没有放弃的迹象。
However，he went all out to keep up with the others，his small body rocking from side to side，showing no sign of giving up.
5．(2022·浙江1月卷读后续写)我决定全身心地投入到研究课题的工作中，而他则研发科学模型。
I decided to devote myself to the task of working with the subjects，while he developed the scientific model．
阅读理解
【答案】28 B 29. B 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员Kacie Kinzer通过机器人Tweenbots来测试人们的善良程度，他的想法是制造一个机器人，可以在城市中导航，只有在行人的帮助下才能到达目的地。文章介绍了实验开展的过程以及结果。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“A researcher interested in studying how helpful people really are uses such robots in her experiments.(一位研究人员在她的实验中使用这种机器人来研究人们到底有多乐于助人)”可知，Kinzer实验的目的是测试人们的善良。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The Tweenbots experiment is the idea and creation of Kacie Kinzer, which was to make a robot that could navigate the city and reach its destination only if it was aided by pedestrians. Tweenbots rely on the kindness of warm-hearted strangers.(Tweenbots的实验是Kacie Kinzer的想法和创造，她的想法是制造一个机器人，可以在城市中导航，只有在行人的帮助下才能到达目的地。机器人依靠热心的陌生人的善良)”和“They could be run over by cars or smashed by careless kids. Each of Kinzer’s robots is fitted with a flag that displays instructions for the robot’s destination. The only way these robots will reach their final point is if someone lends them a hand.(它们可能被汽车碾过，也可能被粗心的孩子砸碎。Kinzer的每一个机器人都安装了一面旗帜，上面显示着机器人目的地的指示。这些机器人到达终点的唯一途径是有人伸出援手)”可推知，作者在第二段中列举了许多危险，想说明Tweenbots到达目的地有多依赖人们善良的帮助。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Tweenbots move at a constant speed and can only go in a straight line.(Tweenbot以恒定的速度移动，只能走直线)”可知，Tweenbot能以不变的速度行走。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“On a daily basis, people in New York City are often in a hurry to get around. However, the Tweenbots, through their inability to look after themselves, took people out of their normal routines. The people who noticed the helpless little robots were actually interested in helping the Tweenbots find their way home. Tweenbots move at a constant speed and can only go in a straight line. If one was to get stuck, or was going in the wrong direction, it would be up to strangers to free it or turn it in the right direction. Surprisingly, no Tweenbot was lost or damaged, and each one arrived at its target in good condition. In fact, most people treated the robot in a gentle manner, and some even treated it as though it were a small living being.(在日常生活中，纽约市的人们经常匆匆忙忙地四处走动。然而，由于这些机器人无法照顾自己，它们让人们脱离了正常的生活规律。那些注意到这些无助的小机器人的人实际上很有兴趣帮助这些小机器人找到回家的路。Tweenbot以恒定的速度移动，只能走直线。如果一个机器人被困住了，或者走错了方向，就得靠陌生人来解救它，或者把它转向正确的方向。令人惊讶的是，Tweenbot没有丢失或损坏，每个机器人都完好无损地到达了目标。事实上，大多数人对待机器人的态度都很温和，有些人甚至把它当作一个小生命来对待)”可知，最后一段主要讲了实验结果。故选C。
阅读【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者清理车库付出了很多努力，从中意识到拥有更少的东西比拥有更多的东西更快乐，于是决定建立一个极简主义家庭。
1．Which of the following best describes the to be cleaned garage？(　C　)
A．Spacious and well lit.
B．Neatly labeled and sorted.
C．Disordered and jam packed.
D．Narrow and weather beaten.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Our two car garage…when getting in and out.”可推知，待清洁的车库混乱且拥挤。故选C。
2．What can we infer about the author's recent experience with stuff cleaning？(　A　)
A．He went through unaccountable frustration.
B．He figured out his disinterest in cleaning.
C．He initiated it and enjoyed the process.
D．He lost patience and rushed to the end.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“With the morning moving along, the possibility to finish the cleaning within the day began to look less and less likely. I recalled how I had been feeling discontented lately while taking care of our stuff.”可知，随着时间的推移，在一天内完成清洁工作的可能性越来越小了。作者回忆起最近在处理东西时是如何感到不满的。由此可推断，作者最近清理物品时经历了难以解释的挫折。故选A。
3．What did June imply by saying “The joy of home ownership, huh”？(　D　)
A．The pleasure of possessing a home.
B．The significance of owning a family.
C．The convenience of having a garage.
D．The demands of maintaining a house.
解析：推理判断题。根据画线句后文“That's why my daughter…own all this stuff.”以及上文描述的作者为了清理车库、维护房子付出了很大努力可推知，June说“拥有房子的快乐”意思是维护房子的需求。故选D。
4．Why did the author start a minimalist family？(　B　)
A．He favored living with a handful of people.
B.He wanted to quit being a slave of stuff.
C．He considered cleaning a waste of time.
D．He figured out the joy of ownership.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“As I surveyed the pile…find possessing more.”可知，作者建立一个极简主义家庭是因为不想再做物质的奴隶了。故选B。

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