Unit2 School life知识清单(含答案) 译林版(2024)八年级英语上册

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Unit2 School life知识清单(含答案) 译林版(2024)八年级英语上册

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8A Unit 2 School Life 精编知识清单
Part 1 词汇变形 + 短语背诵
一、词汇变形
原词(词性) 变形 1(词性) 变形 2(词性) 中文含义
nation (n.) national (adj.) nationality (n.) 国家→国家的→国籍
Sweden (n.) Swedish (adj./n.) —— 瑞典→瑞典的;瑞典人;瑞典语
America (n.) American (adj./n.) —— 美国→美国的;美国人;英语
China (n.) Chinese (adj./n.) —— 中国→中国的;中国人;汉语
Italy (n.) Italian (adj./n.) —— 意大利→意大利的;意大利人;意大利语
Canada (n.) Canadian (adj./n.) —— 加拿大→加拿大的;加拿大人;英语 / 法语
Japan (n.) Japanese (adj./n.) —— 日本→日本的;日本人;日语
develop (v.) development (n.) developing (adj.) 发展→发展(名词)→发展中的
important (adj.) importance (n.) more important (比较级) 重要的→重要性→更重要的
care (v./n.) careful (adj.) carefully (adv.) 关心;照顾→仔细的→仔细地
bore (v.) boring (adj.) bored (adj.) 使厌烦→令人厌烦的→感到厌烦的
help (v./n.) helpful (adj.) helpless (adj.) 帮助→有帮助的→无助的
junior (adj.) —— junior high school (n.) 初级的→初中
difficult (adj.) difficulty (n.) more difficult (比较级) 困难的→困难(名词)→更困难的
二、短语背诵
1. look forward to (doing) sth(期待(做)某事,Reading1)
2. have a go (at doing) sth(尝试(做)某事,Reading1/Reading2)
3. plenty of practical experience(大量的实操经验,Reading1)
4. pay attention to sth/doing sth(关注某事 / 做某事,Reading2)
5. in the face of difficulties(面对困难,Reading2)
6. develop good habits(养成好习惯,Reading2)
7. far away from(离…… 远,Welcome)
8. during the rainy season(在雨季期间,Welcome)
9. used plastic bottles(用过的塑料瓶,Welcome)
10. be different from(与…… 不同,Integration1)
11. search online(上网搜索,Integration1)
12. eat with chopsticks(用筷子吃饭,Integration1)
13. reduce stress(减轻压力,Word Power 阅读理解)
14. be able to do sth(能够做某事,Word Power 短文填空)
15. give up(放弃,Reading2 完形填空)
Part 2 单元知识点考点汇总
1. 知识点:look forward to (doing) sth
【用法】表示 “期待(做)某事”,to 为介词,后接名词、代词或动词 - ing 形式,不可接动词原形。
【搭配】look forward to + sth/doing sth;look forward to sb's doing sth(期待某人做某事)
【例句】I'm looking forward to having a go at the school drama show.(Reading2,表达对学校戏剧表演的期待)
【即学即用】We ______ (look) forward to visiting the forest school next month.(答案:are looking)
2. 知识点:have a go (at doing) sth
【用法】口语中常用,表 “尝试(做)某事”,at 后可接名词或动词 - ing 形式,也可省略 at 直接接名词。
【搭配】have a go (at) sth;have a go at doing sth
【例句】My new camera looks great. I can't wait to have a go.(Reading1,表达想尝试新相机的想法)
【即学即用】She wants to ______ (have) a go at making paper-cuts in the Art Club.(答案:have)
3. 知识点:pay attention to sth/doing sth
【用法】表示 “关注某事 / 做某事”,to 为介词,后接名词、代词或动词 - ing 形式,不可接动词原形。
【搭配】pay attention to + sth/doing sth;pay more attention to(更关注……)
【例句】We should pay attention to what teachers say in class.(Reading2,强调课堂上需关注老师的讲解)
【即学即用】Please ______ (pay) attention to listening to the tape carefully.(答案:pay)
4. 知识点:in the face of sth
【用法】表示 “面对某事(尤指困难、挑战等)”,后接名词或名词短语,无被动形式,语气正式。
【搭配】in the face of + difficulties/challenges/problems/failure
【例句】In the face of difficulties, like a difficult science experiment, we don't give up.(Reading2,表达面对困难不放弃的态度)
【即学即用】We should keep calm ______ (in the face of) unexpected problems.(答案:in the face of)
5. 知识点:develop good habits
【用法】develop 在此处表 “养成;培养”,后接名词作宾语,常见搭配还包括 develop skills(培养技能)、develop interests(培养兴趣)。
【搭配】develop + good habits/skills/interests/confidence
【例句】It may seem small, but it helps us develop good habits.(Reading2,说明小事对养成习惯的作用)
【即学即用】Reading for 30 minutes every day can help us ______ (develop) good reading habits.(答案:develop)
6. 知识点:as...as.../not as/so...as...
【用法】“as...as...” 表 “和…… 一样……”,用于肯定句;“not as/so...as...” 表 “不如……”,用于否定句,as 可替换为 so;中间必须接形容词或副词原级。
【搭配】as + adj./adv. 原级 + as;not as/so + adj./adv. 原级 + as
【例句】Learning Chinese may not be as easy as learning French or German.(Reading1,比较学习不同语言的难度)
【即学即用】This story is ______ (as) interesting ______ that one. I like both.(答案:as; as)
Part 3 语法专项突破
考点一:形容词比较级和最高级(不规则变化及特殊情况)
【核心规则】
1. 规则变化(U2 高频补充)
| 变化类型 | 规则 | 例词(原词→比较级→最高级) |
|------------------------|--------------------------|----------------------------------|
| 单音节词(以 - e 结尾) | 加 -r/-st | nice→nicer→nicest;safe→safer→safest |
| 单音节词(辅元辅结尾) | 双写尾字母加 -er/-est | thin→thinner→thinnest;big→bigger→biggest |
| 双音节词(部分) | 加 more/most 或变 y 为 i 加 -er/-est | simple→simpler→simplest;common→more common→most common |
2. 不规则变化(U2 重点,需熟记)
| 原词 | 比较级 | 最高级 | 中文含义 |
|--------|--------|--------|----------------|
| little | less | least | 少的;少量的 |
| few | fewer | fewest | 少的;几乎没有 |
| many | more | most | 许多的 |
| much | more | most | 大量的 |
| good | better | best | 好的 |
| bad | worse | worst | 坏的 |
3. 用法
比较级:用于两者之间比较,常用 “比较级 + than”;可被 much、a little、even 修饰(如 much more time)。
最高级:用于三者及以上比较,常用 “the + 最高级 + in/of 短语”;可被 by far、the most 修饰。
【例句】
1. I have more books than my sister.(Grammar,many 的比较级,两者比较)
2. Minnie bought the fewest tomatoes among us three.(Grammar,few 的最高级,三者比较)
3. This film is much more interesting than that one.(much 修饰比较级,表 “…… 得多”)
【即学即用】
1. There are ______ (few) cars in the street today than yesterday.(答案:fewer)
2. Among all the drinks, green tea has ______ (little) sugar.(答案:the least)
3. He spent ______ (much) time on English than before.(答案:more)
考点二:“as...as...” 与 “not as/so...as...” 结构
【核心规则】
1. 肯定结构 “as...as...”:表 “和…… 一样……”,中间接形容词(修饰名词)或副词(修饰动词)原级,不可接比较级 / 最高级。
2. 否定结构 “not as/so...as...”:表 “不如……”,as 可换为 so,中间仍接原级。
3. 注意:第二个 as 后可接名词、代词或从句;若比较对象是代词,口语中可用宾格(如 as tall as me)。
【例句】
1. Peter doesn't listen to the teacher as carefully as me.(Grammar,副词 carefully 修饰动词 listen)
2. This bag is not as heavy as that one.(Grammar,形容词 heavy 修饰名词 bag)
3. She is as friendly as her mother.(形容词 friendly 比较两人性格)
【即学即用】
1. Tom runs ______ (as) fast ______ his brother.(答案:as; as)
2. Her English is not ______ (so) good ______ mine.(答案:so; as)
3. They finished the work ______ (as) carefully ______ we did.(答案:as; as)
考点三:反身代词的用法
【核心规则】
1. 反身代词形式(U2 高频)
| 人称代词主格 | 反身代词 | 中文含义 |
|--------------|------------|------------|
| I | myself | 我自己 |
| we | ourselves | 我们自己 |
| you(单数) | yourself | 你自己 |
| you(复数) | yourselves | 你们自己 |
| they | themselves | 他们 / 她们自己 |
2. 常用搭配
by oneself(独自;亲自):We do many things by ourselves.(Reading2)
enjoy oneself(玩得开心):They enjoyed themselves at the party.
help oneself to sth(随便吃 / 用某物):Help yourself to some fruit.
3. 用法:反身代词不可作主语,可作宾语、表语或同位语,强调 “某人自己”。
【例句】
1. We clean our desks by ourselves after class.(Reading2,作介词 by 的宾语,表 “亲自”)
2. She hurt herself when she fell off the bike.(作动词 hurt 的宾语,强调 “她自己”)
【即学即用】
1. They often do their homework by ______ (they).(答案:themselves)
2. I taught ______ (I) to play the guitar last year.(答案:myself)
考点四:动词不定式(to do)的常见搭配
【核心规则】
U2 高频后接 “to do” 的动词 / 短语:
1. hope to do sth(希望做某事):They hope to use English to make friends.(Word Power)
2. plan to do sth(计划做某事):I plan to search online for more information.(Integration1)
3. encourage sb to do sth(鼓励某人做某事):He encourages me to keep trying.(Reading2)
4. be able to do sth(能够做某事):Being able to speak different languages is a great ability.(Word Power)
【例句】
1. Many students hope to learn English well.(Word Power,hope 后接 to do)
2. The teacher encourages us to read more books.(Reading2,encourage 后接 sb to do)
【即学即用】
1. He hopes ______ (visit) Tokyo next year.(答案:to visit)
2. My parents encourage me ______ (join) the Music Club.(答案:to join)
Part 4 易错点解析 + 即学即用
一、高频易错点解析
1. 国籍后缀混淆(-ish/-ian/-ese/-n)
错误:America→Americian(正确:American,-n 后缀);Sweden→Swedese(正确:Swedish,-ish 后缀)
正确分类:
-ish:Sweden→Swedish,Spain→Spanish
-ian:Italy→Italian,Canada→Canadian,Hungary→Hungarian
-ese:China→Chinese,Japan→Japanese,Vietnam→Vietnamese
-n:America→American,Russia→Russian
2. 比较级不规则变化错误
错误:little→littler(正确:less);few→fewwer(正确:fewer)
正确:little→less→least;few→fewer→fewest;many/much→more→most
3. “look forward to” 后接动词形式错误
错误:I look forward to meet you.(to 是介词,需接 doing)
正确:I look forward to meeting you.
4. “as...as...” 中间用比较级错误
错误:He is as taller as me.(中间必须用原级)
正确:He is as tall as me.
二、单元综合即学即用
1. My deskmate has ______ (many) books than me.(答案:more)
2. We are looking forward to ______ (visit) the Boeing 737 captain.(答案:visiting)
3. This question is not as ______ (difficult) as that one.(答案:difficult)
4. She often does homework by ______ (she) after school.(答案:herself)
5. Among all the students, Tom made the ______ (few) mistakes in the test.(答案:fewest)
6. They plan ______ (build) a model plane with used plastic bottles.(答案:to build)

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