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(共41张PPT)
Grammar and usage
Unit 4 Looking good,
feeling good
译林版2020 必修第一册
Restrictive relative clauses
with relative adverbs
Contents
1. Lead in
2. Explanation
3. Practice
4. Summary
5. Homework
01. Lead in
The kitchen where my mother prepares healthy meals every day is always full of fragrance. I still remember the winter when we made dumplings together and shared stories around the table.
Read the sentences and appreciate the relative clauses used in the sentences.
Restrictive relative clauses
with relative adverbs
The old park where we held the fitness event last week has been renovated recently.
where
先行词
关系副词
The old park in which we held the fitness event last week has been renovated recently.
There was a time when people didn't pay much attention to the importance of a balanced diet, but now the situation has changed.
There was a time during which people didn't pay much attention to the importance of a balanced diet, but now the situation has changed.
when
先行词
关系副词
The reason why he decided to take up running every morning is to improve his physical condition.
The reason for which he decided to take up running every morning is to improve his physical condition.
why
先行词
关系副词
02. Explanation
I’ll never forget the museum (which/that) we visited together.
I’ll never forget the museum where the paintings are so appealing.
We are living in an age which/that is seeing great changes.
We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.
The reason (which/that) he gave us is not true.
The reason why he didn’t come to school is not true.
表地点用__________ ;
表时间用__________ ;
表原因用 __________。
when
where
why
关系副词是定语从句中连接主句和从句的关键词，在从句中作状语，指代先行词（时间、地点、原因），且不可省略。常见的关系副词有 when、where、why，三者分别对应先行词的 “时间、地点、原因” 属性，用法各有明确指向，具体解析如下：
一、关系副词的核心特征
指代对象固定：仅指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词（名词或代词）。
句法功能单一：在定语从句中只能作状语（时间状语、地点状语、原因状语），不充当主语、宾语等成分。
不可省略：无论限制性还是非限制性定语从句，关系副词都不能省略（区别于作宾语的关系代词）。
when：指代时间，在从句中作时间状语
适用场景：先行词是表示时间的名词（如 time, day, year, moment 等），且从句需要时间状语时使用。
等价转换：when = “介词 + which”（介词根据先行词搭配选择，如 at, in, on 等）。
例： I still remember the day when I first joined the school basketball team.
先行词 从句成分：缺时间状语
表时间
转换：I still remember the day on which I first joined the school basketball team.
翻译：There was a time when teenagers didn’t worry too much about their weight.
where：指代地点，在从句中作地点状语
适用场景：先行词是表示地点的名词（如 place, city, room, gym, park 等），且从句需要地点状语时使用。
等价转换：where = “介词 + which”（介词根据先行词搭配选择，如 in, at, on 等）。
例：
The gym where we often do morning exercises has been renovated.
先行词：the gym（表地点）
从句成分：we often do morning exercises（缺地点状语 “在健身房”）
转换：The gym in which we often do morning exercises has been renovated.
翻译：This is the clinic where the doctor gave me advice on healthy eating.
why：指代原因，在从句中作原因状语
适用场景：先行词只能是表示原因的名词 reason，且从句需要原因状语时使用（注意：why 是唯一只能搭配 “reason” 的关系副词）。
等价转换：why = “for which”（固定搭配，因 “reason” 与介词 for 搭配）。
例：
She explained the reason why she refused to go on a diet.
先行词：the reason（表原因）
从句成分：she refused to go on a diet（缺原因状语 “因为这个原因”）
转换：She explained the reason for which she refused to go on a diet.
翻译：The main reason why teenagers should avoid junk food is its harm to health.
1. October 1, 1949 was the day ______ the
PRC was founded.
when
用适当的关系词填空。
3. The village has developed a lot ______ the teenagers learned farming five years ago.
where
2. I don’t believe the reason __________ he gave me yesterday and that’s the reason ______ I called him just now.
(which/that)
why
Revision：引导限制性定语从句的关系代词
关系副词：This is the park where we played.
where 作地点状语，不可省。
关系代词：This is the park that we visited.
that 作宾语，可省略: This is the park we visited.
如何区分定语从句中的关系副词和关系代词
关系副词（when/where/why）和关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose）均用于连接主句和定语从句，但功能和用法差异显著，可通过以下 3 个关键维度区分：
一、指代对象不同
关系代词：指代人、物或事（具体或抽象的名词 / 代词）。
指人：who（主格）、whom（宾格）、whose（所有格）
指物：which、whose（所有格）
既可指人也可指物：that
例：
The girl who won the race has a healthy lifestyle.（who 指代人 “the girl”）
The book which introduces healthy diets is popular.（which 指代物 “the book”）
关系副词：仅指代表示时间、地点、原因的名词，且指向性固定。
when → 指代时间名词（如 day, time, year）
where → 指代地点名词（如 place, gym, clinic）
why → 仅指代原因名词 “reason”
在从句中充当的成分不同（最核心区别）
关系代词：在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语（必须作成分，否则句子不完整）。
例： The doctor who advised me is very experienced.
（who 在从句中作主语，从句完整结构：who advised me）
The diet that I followed kept me fit.
（that 在从句中作宾语，从句完整结构：I followed that）
She is the student whose eating habits are worth learning.
（whose 在从句中作定语，修饰 “eating habits”，表 “…… 的”）
关系副词：在定语从句中仅充当状语（时间、地点、原因状语），不涉及主语、宾语等核心成分。
例： I still remember the morning when we started jogging.
（when 在从句中作时间状语，从句完整结构：we started jogging (on the morning)）
This is the clinic where I got diet advice.
（where 在从句中作地点状语，从句完整结构：I got diet advice (in the clinic)）
The reason why he refused junk food is clear.
（why 在从句中作原因状语，从句完整结构：he refused junk food (for the reason)）
、能否省略的规则不同
关系代词：
作主语时不可省略（如 who/which/that 在从句中作主语）；
作宾语时可省略（如 that/which/whom 在从句中作宾语）。
例：
The recipe（that）I tried yesterday was delicious.（that 作宾语，可省略）
The trainer who helped me is from America.（who 作主语，不可省略）
关系副词：任何情况下都不可省略，无论限制还是非限制性定语从句。
例：
The moment when we decided to keep fit can’t be forgotten.（when 不可省略）
Her hometown, where she learned to cook healthy meals, is beautiful.（where 不可省略，非限制性从句）
快速判断技巧：用 “补全法” 验证
若不确定是关系副词还是关系代词，可尝试给从句补全状语（介词 + 先行词）：
若补全后句子通顺，说明从句缺状语，用关系副词；
若补全后句子不通顺，说明从句缺主语、宾语等，用关系代词。
例：
This is the hotel ______ we stayed.
补全：we stayed in the hotel（通顺，缺地点状语）→ 用 where（关系副词）。
This is the hotel ______ we visited.
补全：we visited in the hotel（不通顺，实际缺宾语 “the hotel”）→ 用 that/which（关系代词）。
03. Practice
Below is a part of a magazine article about sleep problems. Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you.
Part A
Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest
One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster.
Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers.
Do you remember a time
You had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest at the time.
One of the reasons is pressure from school or work.
People fail to get a good night’s sleep for the reason.
They are still growing and night is the time.
Their bodies grow faster at the time.
Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations.
Body development slows down, and their health suffers in the situations.
Rules
We have relative adverbs: where, when and why.
The relative adverb where refers to ________, the relative adverb when refers to ________, and the relative adverb why refers to ________.
Restrictive relative clauses can be rewritten as two sentences.
a place
a time
a reason
关系副词的作用
①连接：连接定语从句和主句
②替代：关系副词=介词+which
③成分：在定语从句中一般作状语
【拓展】
1) 当situation, case, point (地点), occasion(场合)等充当先行词，且在定语从句中作地点状语时，定语从句引导词用where；如：
You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻作
出决定。
Three hours later, our bus reached the point where the road divides.
三小时后我们的车到达路的分岔处。
2) 当point (时刻)，occasion(时刻)在定语从句中作时间状语时，定语从句引导词用when。如：
We had reached the point when there was no money left.
我们曾落到身无分文的地步。
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我能跟孩子们待一整天的时候很少。
3) 先行词是reason或cause, 定语从句中缺状语，
用why引导；如果定语从句缺主语, 宾语或表
语，则用that或which引导。
① Could you tell me the reason __________ he
gave you yesterday
② We’d like to know the reason _______ she
didn’t accept the job.
③ He gave us a reason __________ seemed to be
workable.
④ The cause _________ the car exploded has
been found out.
(which/that)
why
which/that
why
关系副词 先行词 从句
成分 例句 备注
when 时间 时间
状语 She still remembered the day when (on which)she won the prize. 可用on which
where 地点 地点
状语 This is the factory where (in which)his father once worked. 可用in which
why 原因 原因
状语 He didn't know the reason why (for which)he was dismissed. 可用for which
对比项 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上 无逗号 有逗号
意义上 对先行词的界定，删除后主句意思不完整、不明确 对先行词的补充说明，删除后主句意思依然完整
翻译上 “……的”，限定先行词 与主句并列或是状语从句
关系词 关系代词作宾语时可以省略，关系副词一般不省略 关系词不可省略；关系词不用that；which可指代一个句子或一种情况
Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition + which” where necessary.
Part B2
Complete the clause with the antecedent.
Use the right relative pronoun, relative adverb or “preposition + which” to replace the antecedent.
Find the antecedent.
which/that
when/at which
where/in which
which/that
why/for which
①根据先行词来确定
The money _______ which you were to buy dog food is gone.
He will never forget the day ____ which he failed in the exam.
介词的确定方法
with
on
②根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定
We thought you were a person _______ whom we could expect good ideas.
The West Lake, ____ which Hangzhou is known, is a great place.
from
for
③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定
Air, ________ which man can’t live, is really important.
The pen _____which he is writing now was bought yesterday.
without
with
Is this the watch that you are looking for
The old man whom I am looking after is better .
注意： 紧跟介词后的关系代词不可省略，固定短语中的介词不可提前至关系代词前。
提问：下面两句中的介词能提前吗
特殊情况与易错点
先行词表抽象地点时，用 where：
有些名词看似不表具体地点（如 case, situation, point, activity 等），但表示 抽象场景 / 情境 时，视为 抽象地点，用 where 作状语。
例：We’ve reached a point where we need to change our unhealthy habits.（point 表 “阶段 / 程度”，抽象地点）
2.避免重复使用状语：
关系副词已在从句中作状语，不可再用时间 / 地点 / 原因副词（如 then, there, so）。
错误：I remember the day when we met there.
（there 多余，因 when 已表时间状语）
正确：I remember the day when we met.
3. 非限制性定语从句中仍可用关系副词：
逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句中，关系副词正常使用，不影响指代和成分。
My high school, where I spent three happy years, will hold a reunion next month.
Write a short passage paragraph using restrictive relative clauses where necessary.
Part B3
In a society where people are under a lot of pressure, sleep problems have become very common. That is the reason why World Sleep Day is celebrated every year on the Friday of the second full week of March. Its aims are to make people understand the importance of good and healthy sleep and to draw society’s attention to sleep problems. It is a time when people have discussions and give talks about the importance of healthy sleep.
Sample
There’s a small town famous for its traditional food culture.
The old street ______ vendors sell handmade noodles has a history of over 100 years. Locals say the best time to visit is early morning, 2.______ the first batch of noodles is served with hot broth. The restaurant 3.______ my grandfather worked as a chef for 40 years still uses his secret recipe for soy sauce. Many customers wonder 4.______ the sauce tastes richer than others—some guess it’s because of the special fermentation process. There was a time ______ only local ingredients were used, but now imports add new flavors. However, the core reason ______ the town’s food remains beloved is its focus on freshness and tradition.
【语境应用】用适当的词填空。
where
when
where
why
when
why
思考：这些词分别引导的什么从句？
1. We have entered into an age.
In the age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
We have entered into an age in which/when dreams have the best chance of coming true.
用关系副词或介词+关系代词构成的定语从句改写下列句子。
2.He told me the reason.
He didn’t come here for the reason.
He told me the reason for which/why he didn’t come here.
3.Self driving is an area.
In the area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
Self driving is an area in which/where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
4. Their child is at a stage.
At this stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.
Their child is at a stage at which/where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
1 This is the house_________ Shakespeare was born.
2 This is the film________________ I talked about last time.
3 I don't know the reason________he looks unhappy these days.
4 She is the person_______________ you can turn to for help.
5 I'll never forget the moment________our team won the match.
6 Give me a reason________is different from the one you gave last time.
P76 C. Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns or adverbs where necessary.
where
(which /that)
why
(who /that)
when
which
Homework
7 Do you remember those days_______________we spent in
that poor wooden house
8 This is the park in________we had a picnic last Sunday.
9 I still remember the day________I travelled by plane for the
first time in my life.
10 This is the museum___________we visited during our class trip.
11.They all lent a helping hand to the man_______ house had
been burnt down.
12 They finally arrived at a place_______ a high tower stood.
which
(which /that)
when
that
whose
where
Thank you for your attention!

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