资源简介

(共39张PPT)
Unit 2 Getting along
Understanding ideas
第二课时
（ 外研社）八年级
上
01
Learning objectives
02
Revision
03
Grammar
04
Reading
05
Speaking
06
Summary
（外研版版）八年级
上
07
Assessment
08
Homework
Learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, I will be able to...
1
能够根据所给的框架，借助表格或者思维导图，复述文本的主要内容。（学习理解类）
能够熟练掌握 “for” 和 “since” 在现在完成时句子中的用法。 （学习理解类）
能够运用 “for” 和 “since” 进行日常分享经历的对话交流，如结合 “Work in pairs” 环节。（应用实践类）
能够分享自己的经历，从中体会分享的意义与价值，养成乐于分享、积极交流的良好习惯。（迁移创新类）
能够熟练掌握 “for” 和 “since” 在现在完成时句子中的用法。 （学习理解类）
3
4
2
Retell and review
评价标准 我的得分
能准确复述故事，语言流畅、逻辑性强。5分 较能准确复述故事，语言较流畅、逻辑性较强。3分 复述故事的部分，语言不流畅、逻辑性不强。1分
Retell the story according to the mountain.
Lead in
Watch the video
现在完成时
Grammar
Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules.
(a) The Giant has been away for a long time.
(b) Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there.
语法总结：
For + 时间段 (Duration): 强调动作持续了多久
Since + 时间点 (Starting Point): 强调动作从何时开始
语法侦探：发现for、since的秘密
Grammar
Can you find more sentences in the passage.
语法侦探：发现for、since的秘密
Grammar
Can you find more sentences in the passage.
(1) I can not understand why spring has not come since last year,
(2) I have’t heard that beautiful birdsong for a while.
(3) I believe spring has come at last.
(4) And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers.
(5) How selfish I’ve been!
语法侦探：发现for、since的秘密
Read these sentences aloud by yourselves.
现在完成时（2）
要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，我们也可以借助现在完成时。
I have had the dog for three months now.
这条狗我现在已经养了三个月了。
We have played football for a year now.
我们现在已经踢了一年的足球了。
I have been like this since Friday.
从周五开始我就一直这样。
Grammar
语法侦探：发现for、since的秘密
现在完成时（2）
在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since引导。
需要注意的是，for + 一段时间，如for a long time, for five years等。
She has already worked here for five years.
她已经在这里工作了五年。
Grammar
语法侦探：发现for、since的秘密
现在完成时（2）
since+过去时间点、since+一段时间+ago、since+从句（一般过去时），如since 2025, since two years ago, since I left等。
Great changes have taken place since you left.
自从你离开后，发生了很大的变化。
Mr Green has lived in Shanghai since 1999.
格林先生自从 1999年以来就住在上海。
Grammar
语法侦探：发现for、since的秘密
现在完成时（2）
表示动作或状态从过去延续到现在，并可能继续发生，常与 for/since引导的时间状语连用，谓语动词必须用延续性动词。
We have eaten this fruit for 3 years.
我们吃这种水果3年了。
在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用 how long。
How long have you had the dog 这条狗你养了多久了
Grammar
语法侦探：发现for、since的秘密
延续性动词 表示的是能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响如:work, keep,walk, wait, live ,stay,know等 可以与表示时间段的状语连用，如: for+时间段, since+时间点/从句等
非延续性动词 表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束或产生某种结果。如:open，borrow, come , go ,finish, close , buy 等 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，
如: three months ago , at 4 o'clock
Grammar
延续性动词与非延续性动词
①非延续性动词转化为延续性动词，如: buy →have , borrow→keep。
My father bought the car three years ago.
→My father has had the car for three years.
我父亲买这辆小汽车3年了。
②非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词/副词”,如: leave →be away(from),
open → be open, close →be closed , die → be dead
begin/start →be on, finish/end →be over
He left his hometown last year.
→ He has been away from his hometown since last year 他去年离开了家乡。
The cat died a week ago.
→ The cat has been dead for a week. 这只猫死了一个星期了。
Grammar
延续性动词与非延续性动词
③ 非延续性动词转化为“be+介词(短语)”或“be+名词”,如:
come/go/join/arrive →be in/at
join the army→be a soldier
Jim came to China ten years ago.
→Jim has been in China for ten years.吉姆来中国 10年了。
Grammar
延续性动词与非延续性动词
现在完成时（2）
在表示某一行为或状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，需要使用不同的时态。例如:
同样表示“在某一酒店住一周"的概念：
① I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer.
去年夏天我在这家酒店住了一周。
（第一句讲述的是去年夏天的事情，故用一般过去时。）
Grammar
语法侦探：辨析三种时态
现在完成时（2）
② I have stayed in the hotel for a week now.
迄今我已在这家酒店住了一周了。
（第二句表示到现在为止已经住了一周，故用现在完成时。）
③ I will stay in the hotel for a week next month.
下个月我要在这家酒店住一周时间。
（第三句讲述的是下个月的事情，故用一般将来时。）
Grammar
语法侦探：辨析三种时态
现在完成时（2）
在现在完成时的句子中，表示持续的动作或状态时，动词通常与表示时间段的时间状语连用；而表示动作已经完成时，动词不能与表示时间段的时间状语连用。试比较：
Tom has been here for two hours. Tom已经来了两小时了。
（表示持续的动作或状态，与表示时间段的时间状语连用）
Tom has just come. Tom刚到。 （表示动作已经完成）
Grammar
语法侦探：发现for、just的秘密
现在完成时（2）
除表示经历、持续至今的行为或状态外，现在完成时还表示到目前为止量的累积。
We have learnt 5 English songs since this year.
今年以来我们学了5首英文歌。
We have collected 50 stamps since last year.
自从去年以来，我们已经收集了50枚邮票。
Grammar
语法侦探：现在完成时的用法
1. We have been friends Grade 3.
2. They have been together three years.
3. last year, we've shared a lot of happy moments.
4.1. Jim has been in Ireland______Monday.
5. Jill has been in Ireland_______three days.
6. His aunt has lived in Australia_______15 days.
7. Mary is in her office. She has been there______7 o'clock.
8. India has been an independent country_______1974.
Complete the sentences with for or since.
since
for
Since
since
for
for
since
since
评价标准 我的得分
能够正确完成填空。每空1分
1. We have been friends Grade 3.
2. They have been together three years.
3. last year, we've shared a lot of happy moments.
4.1. Jim has been in Ireland______Monday.
5. Jill has been in Ireland_______three days.
6. His aunt has lived in Australia______15 days.
7. Mary is in her office. She has been there______7 o'clock.
8. India has been an independent country_______1974.
Complete the sentences with for or since.
9. The bus is late. They've been waiting______20 minutes.
10. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______
many years.
11. Mike has been ill_______a long time. He has been in hospital
October.
12. He has lived in Nanjing________the year before last.
13. I've known him ______we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese________three years.
15. She has been away from the city_________about ten years.
Complete the sentences with for or since.
for
for
for
since
since
for
for
评价标准 我的得分
能够正确完成填空。每空1分
9. The bus is late. They've been waiting______20 minutes.
10. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______
many years.
11. Mike has been ill_______a long time. He has been in hospital
October.
12. He has lived in Nanjing________the year before last.
13. I've known him ______we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese______three years.
15. She has been away from the city_________about ten years.
Complete the sentences with for or since.
1.巨人已经离开很长时间了。
The Giant has been away_________________________.
2.自从去年我就没有听到过动听的鸟的歌声。
I haven’t heard that beautiful birdsong ____________________.
3.自从我们上次见面以来已经 10年了。
It has been ten years _________________________.
4.格林先生自从 1999年以来就住在上海。
Mr Green has lived in Shanghai since 1999.
5.我自从 12年前就教英语。
I have taught English for twelve years.
Complete the sentences
for a long time
since last year
since we met last time
评价标准 我的得分
能够正确完成造句练习。 1-3小题每空2分 4-5小题每空3分
1.巨人已经离开很长时间了。
The Giant has been away____________.
2.自从去年我就没有听到过动听的鸟的歌声。
I haven’t heard that beautiful birdsong ____________________.
3.自从我们上次见面以来已经 10年了。
It has been ten years _________________________.
4.格林先生自从 1999年以来就住在上海。
5.我自从 12年前就教英语。
Complete the sentences
Complete the news article with for, since and the correct form of the words in brackets.
Most people hope to receive birthday gifts. But Jimmy Teng, or "Uncle Jimmy", does things differently.
The 74-year-old has sold ice creams 1 ___________ the past 17 years in Singapore.
Every year, on 22 March—his birthday—he 2 ___________ (offer) free ice creams. He has done this 3 ___________ his 70th birthday.
for
offers
since
Reading
评价标准 我的得分
能够正确完成填空。每空1分
Complete the news article with for, since and the correct form of the words in brackets.
This year, Uncle Jimmy plans to give away 800 ice creams. "People 4 _______________ (be) quite stressed recently and I want to help," he said. "Sharing has made me feel happy 5 ___________ the past four years."
He 6 ___________ (enjoy) talking with his customers. Many of them have become his friends 7 ___________ they first met. Some students helped him set up social media pages. He has made many friends online 8 ___________ then.
have been
for
enjoys
since
since
What can sharing bring the writer
Reading
happiness and friends
Think and answer
1.When did it happen
2. What happened
3. How did he feel about it
4. What have he learnt from it
Innovation
Work in pairs. Discuss your experience of sharing. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you.
1. When did it happen
Innovation
It happenend last year. It was our school trip to City Park.
2. What happened
My classmate Lei Mei forgot to bring her lunch her lunch. She was hungry and sad.
That’s really bad. Who helped her
Innovation
I share d my fired rice with her. Two other classmates shared their fruit and milk with her.
3. How did you feel about it
It made me feel happy.
Innovation
4. What have you learnt from it
Sharing really bring us close as friends. Since then, I’ve also shared many things with other friends.
That’s very nice.
Innovation
Work in pairs.
Ask and answer.
Discuss your experience of sharing in pairs.
Work in pairs.
Show time
评价标准 我的得分
能准确介绍自己的分享经历，语言流畅、逻辑性强。。5分 较能准确介绍自己的分享经历，语言较流畅、逻辑性较强。3分 不能准确介绍自己的分享经历，语言不流畅、逻辑性不强。1分
Summary
含有 since 或 for 的现在完成时
since 其后接过去某一“时间点”“时间段+ago”或从句(一般过去时)，表示动作或状态从过去的某个时间点开始 since+过去某一时间点
①两者均可用于完成时态;在陈述句中，与其搭配的动词必须是延续性动词
②“since+过去某一时间点”可以和“for+一段时间”进行转换
③对 since/for 构成的表示时间段的短语或句子提问应用 how long
since+一段时间+ago since+从句(一般过去时) for 其后接表示“一段时间”的名词短语 for+一段时间
A：37-45 Excellent！
B：20-36 Good job！
C：≤20 Keep trying！
Evaluation
Homework
Basic (基础)
整理课堂笔记，抄写并背诵 “for”“since” 用法规则及 3 - 5 个典型例句，强化语法记忆。
Improving(提升)
完成教材配套练习册中本单元现在完成时与 “for /since” 相关语法练习题（如句子改写、选择填空 ）。
Extend (拓展)
用英语写一篇短文，描述自己一段持续的经历（如学习某项技能、坚持的爱好等 ），至少 3 处运用 “for” 或 “since” ，字数 80 - 100 词。

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