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(共22张PPT)
初中英语语法专题
可数名词与不可数名词
What things are there on Earth
home
people
plants
places
fields
mountains
rivers
forests
pollution
water
land
air
food
rubbish
sea
animals
plants
places
field
mountains
rivers
forests
pollution
water
land
air
food
rubbish
sea
animals
Countable nouns
Uncountable nouns
light
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
one animal, two animals some rubbish
I have a world map at home. There is an article about the Earth. All plants need light and water.
This plant is beautiful. These animals are dangerous. Air has no smell.
Water is important.
Work out the rule
Work out the rule
可数名词单数变复数变化规则
1. 规则变化
1. 一般情况， +s 在元音和浊辅音后发/z/，在清辅音后发/s/ book→books /s/
bag→bags /z/，eye→eyes /z/
2. 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾，+es 发/iz/ class→classes
3. 辅+y结尾, 改y为 i , +es city→cities
4. 有生命的以o结尾，+es 无生命的以 o结尾，+s potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes,
photo→photos
5. 以f, fe 结尾, 改 v+es life→lives, leaf→leaves
2. 不规则变化
变化形式 例 词
改变元音字母
直接加-s
man-men , woman-women ,
foot-feet , tooth-teeth
German - Germans
American- Americans
单复数同形
fish, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese
child-children
词尾变化
通常为复数形式
clothes , trousers , glasses(眼镜)，shoes
写出下列名词的复数形式
1．规则变化：
minute ______ half ______ classmate______
tree ______ glass ______ cup______
family ______ match ______ knife ______
park ______ factory ______ potato ______
thief ______ photo ______ baby ______
minutes
halves
classmates
trees
glasses
cups
families
matches
knives
parks
factories
potatoes
thieves
photos
babies
watch ______ hero ______ key ______
party ______ article ______ brush ______
leaf ______ piano ______ mouth ______
box ______ life ______
2. 不规则变化：
goose ______ man ______ woman ______
people ______ sheep ______ child ______
foot ______ tooth ______ deer ______
watches
keys
articles
brushes
leaves
pianos
mouths
boxes
lives
geese
men
women
people
sheep
children
feet
deer
heroes
parties
teeth
二.不可数名词
肉类、饮料、纸张,面包等一般是不可数的，通常只有单数形式。
meat pork chicken beef
water milk juice bread
想一想
我们能讲 a meat, two milks, five waters吗？
想一想：
我们还学过哪些表示单位的词？
不可数名词前不能用不定冠词a /an, 数词及many来修饰。
答疑解惑
不可数名词前通常用“单位词+of ”来表示数量。
如： a piece of paper 一张纸
three pieces of bread 三片面包
杯
瓶
袋
盒/箱
张/片
双/对
cup
bottle
bag
box
piece
pair
一杯
二瓶
三袋
四盒/箱
五张/片
六双/对
a cup of
two bottles of
three bags of
four boxes of
five pieces of
six pairs of
这些表示量的名词一般是可数的，有复数形式。
知识拓展
初中英语语法专题
There be 句型
Protect the Earth
The Earth is a beautiful place.
There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields. Some places are very hot, and some are very cold.
There are many different plants. Some are large. Some are small. All plants need light and water. There are different animals on Earth too. Some live on the land. Some fly in the sky. Some live under the water.
There are also many people like you and me on Earth. The Earth provides us with air, water and food. It is our home.
Today, there is a lot of pollution. We burn things to make energy. This pollutes the air. We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground. This pollutes the Earth and kills animals and plants.
We must stop doing these things. It is important for us to protect the
Earth for our future.
归纳There be的结构：
______ +_________+______ +_________.
There
be(is/are)
主语
地点状语
1 There is some milk in the glass.
2 There are some flowers on your desk.
3 There are many students and a P.E. teacher in the gym.
4 There is a P.E. teacher and many students in the gym.
总结：
be动词遵循_____________ 原则。
就近原则
There be 句型的否定
观察：
1 There isn’t a teacher or many students in the library.
2 There aren’t any books in the library.
总结there be 的否定句结构
__________________________________
如果句中有some，要变成________.
and 变为__________
There +be(is/are)+not+主语+地点状语
any
or
There be 句型的否定
观察：
1 Is there a pig in the gym
Yes, there is. No, there isn’t
2 Are there three dogs in the living room
Yes, there are No, there aren’t
总结there be 的一般疑问句的结构：
______________________________________
肯定回答：____________________________
否定回答：____________________________
Be(Is/Are)+there +主语+地点状语
Yes, there is/ are.
No, there isn’t/ aren’t.
There be 句型的一般疑问句
There ______ a teacher and many students on the playground.
A is B are C am D be
There ______some milk, some money and some apples on the desk.
A is B are C am D be
There ______ a book, a pen and a lamp on the desk.
A is B are C am D be
1. be动词的用法
There be 句型的三个考点
I have many friends. There are some books on the desk.
My father has a car. There is a clock in our classroom.
have/has 表示______________________
there be 表示______________________
考题：
There ______ a tree and some flowers in the garden.
A has B is C have D are
记忆小窍门：________________________
某处存在某物或某人，不强调物归谁所有
某人拥有某人或某物，强调所有拥有关系
there be 比喻为天生一对夫妇；have/has比喻为小三， have/has 小三不能插足。
2. 与have/has区分
3. There be 的特殊疑问句
- What _____ on the desk
-There are some books and a lamp on it
- What _____ on the desk
-There is a lamp on it.
A is B are C am D be
总结：__________________________________
is
is
无论主语是单数还是复数，对主语提问都用
what’s +地点状语？
一、 选择最佳答案填空。
1. How many ______ would you like
A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread
2. There are some ______ waiting for you outside.
A. German B. American C. Englishman D. Japanese
3. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of ______.
A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats
4. How much are the ______
A. bread B. meats
C. potatos D. tomatoes
5. There are ______ and ______ on the table.
A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges
B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange
C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange
D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges
二、用be的适当形式填空。
1. There ______a map on the wall.
2. There ______many things on her desk.
3. There ______twenty yuan in my purse.
4. There ______a big dog and a small cat near the table.
5. There ______two bikes under the tree.
6. There ______a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil-box.
is
are
is
is
are
is

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