资源简介

(共57张PPT)
Assessing Your Progress （P56）
Unit 4 Natural disasters
Step3
Step2
Step1
Write a summary
Discussion:
How many steps should we consider before we write a summary
Get the structure and main idea.
Organise the sentences based on main
idea and make them shorter.
Complete sentences based on 4W and 1H .
Practice:
( 1 ) Read and write down the main idea of the whole passge.
Strange things happened in the countryside before the earthquake ..
An earthquake hit___________________________China on 28 July 1976.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Tangshan
More than 400,000 people were killed or badly injured.
Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.
The government and the soldiers came and began rescuing and rebuilding the city.
Paragraph 1________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 _______________________________________________
Paragraph 3 _______________________________________________
___________________
Paragraph 4 _______________________________________________
Paragraph 5 _________________________________________
______________________________
The government's support and people's effort makes a new Tangshan.
Warning signs before the earthquake.
Destruction of the earthquake.
Suffering of the people and the city after
the earthquake.
Help from all over the country.
Practice
( 1 ) Get the main idea of each paragraph.
Practice
( 2 ) Organise sentences and make them shorter.
A summary should be around one third the length of the original text.
Write down the key supporting points for the topic.
Do not include unimportant details or examples.
Attention:
Production:
Here are some useful expressions
1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的
This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...
This article/passage mainly tells (a story) about...
This passage mainly deals with/discusses/explores...
2．表示研究的结论
The author found that...
It was concluded that...
Finally，the author summarizes that...
3．表示观点或建议
The author suggests/considers that...
As far as the author is concerned，...
In the author's view，...
Complete sentences based on 4W and 1H .
Production:
Let's start
Write a summary based on the text on P50
Production:
Show Time
Dicuss and choose the best one in your gourp
For several days, strange things occurred in the countryside of north eastern Hebei. Then, on 28 July 1976, an earthquake hit Tangshan city. The city was greatly affected and nearly destroyed. Many people were killed or injured. The rescue work began soon after the quakes. Soldiers and medical workers arrived to find survivors and help the people who had lost everything. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the people, a new Tangshan was built.
Sample Writing
Revise your own summary based on the checklist and hand in tomorrow morning.
Does the summary give you a clear idea of what the text is about
Does the summary include only the most important information of the text
Is the summary the proper length
Are there any spelling or punctuation errors
Does the writer use correct tenses
汉译英技巧训练
1. 自愿者给困在村子里的人送去了食物和其它补给品。
第一步：简化：
自愿者递送东西给人。
自愿者给人运送去东西。
第二步：句型选择：
Volunteers delivered things to people.
Volunteers delivered people things.
第三步：化不定为确定:
things = food and other supplies
第四步： 其他信息：
第四步： 检查细节：检查冠词，时态，语态等：
被困的；在村子里； 其它的,
自愿者 Volunteers
人 the people
食物，补给品 food, supplies
Sb delivered things to sb.
Volunteers deliverd things to people.
Volunteers delivered food and other supplies to the people who were trapped in the village.
2. 多年以后，他在乡下过着平静的生活，似乎灾难从未发生过。
1） 他过着平静的生活。
Many years later, he led/ lived a calm life in the countryside as if the disaster had never happened.
剩余信息：多年以后；在乡下；似乎。
2）灾难从未发生过。
3. 在震区，因为没有栖身之所，人们只好露宿户外。
人们露宿户外。
人们生活在露天里。
在震区，因为没有栖身之所，只好
在被地震袭击的地区。
In the earthquake-hit area, people lived in the open air because there were no shelters.
主干信息：
其余信息
In the earthquake-hit area, people lived in the open air because there were no shelters for them.
4. 这个援助项目将对非洲女童的教育产生巨大影响。
The aid programme will have a great effect on the girls’ education in Africa.
5. 虽然洪水没有影响我们学校，但是却冲毁了低地的许多房屋。
Though the flood didn't affect our school, it ruined many homes in the low areas.
6. 幸运的是，自愿者手上有一些船只，可以帮助人们转移到安全的地方。
6. Luckily, the volunteers have several boats on hand to help move people to a safer place.
Tornadoes are strong winds ______________________________
(cause). It is not easy to know where they will go, so it can be difficult to warn people ___________________________________
(affect). In order to learn more about how tornadoes form and
move, some brave researchers ____________________________
(explore) do what most of us would not. They chase storms
in order to collect more detailed information first hand. Of course, the researchers have special equipment ___________
________________________ (record), but they need to get close enough to use it and still keep safe from the danger.
【用定语从句补全下面的段落， 括号里是提示词】
P91
1. that can cause great damage
2. who may be affected
3. whose job is to explore the causes of tornadoes
4. which can record detailed information
Read (P92)
The story of An Eyewitness
Jack London
Jack London（杰克·伦敦)，1876年1月12日—1916年11月22日），美国现实主义作家。他一共写过19部长篇小说，150多篇短篇小说和故事，3部剧本等。主要作品有：小说集《狼的儿子》，中篇小说《野性的呼唤》《热爱生命》《白牙》，长篇小说《海狼》《铁蹄》和《马丁·伊登》等。
San Francisco, May 5, 1906. The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of walls and chimneys (烟囱). But the fire that followed burned up hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of buildings and homes. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. The factories, the great stores and newspaper buildings, the hotels, and the great houses of the rich are all gone.
1. San Francisco, May 5, 1906. The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of walls and chimneys.
1. 体裁判断:
2. 先分析结构，再理解句意：
新闻；或者旅游日志
3. But the fire that followed burned up hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of buildings and homes.
1. 结构分析
2. 注意 burned up与 前文的 shook down 的对比效果
3. 注意 worth的词性与用法。
4. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed.
Never have I seen such a man.
Not until yesterday did we know that he had died of cancer.
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only in this way can you improve your English.
Only when he is free does he come to see me.
Hardly had we finished our dinner when the electricity was cut off.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.
5. San Francisco is gone. The factories, the great stores and newspaper buildings, the hotels, and the great houses of the rich are all gone.
1. 注意两句之间的逻辑关系。
2. 注意作者提及到 factories, stores and newspaper buildings, hotels, and great houses的用意。
On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five came the earthquake. A moment later, the disaster was a fact. South of Market Street, in the working-class neighbourhoods and in the factories, fires started. Within an hour of the first quake, the smoke could be seen 100 miles away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stopping the fires. The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organise or communicate. The railway tracks were now useless and there was no water in water pipes. AlI of the ways man had made 10 keep the city safe were gone in the 30 seconds the earth moved.
1. On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five came the earthquake.
1. There came the bus.
2. There goes the bell.
Among them was my son Paul.
Around the lake are some tall trees.
Here comes the bus.
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
Away went the runners.
There was a drop in the temperature.
There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.
Up went the plane.
In came the chairman and the meeting began.
2. A moment later, the disaster was a fact. South of Market Street, in the working-class neighbourhoods and in the factories, fires started.
结构分析：
发现：
表方位的地点名词可以做状语。
3. Within an hour of the first quake, the smoke could be seen 100 miles away.
请比较：
within an hour：
in an hour：
over an hour：
after an hour：
An hour later:
4. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stopping the fires.
结构分析：
发现：
-ing分词短语也可以作为动名词短语应用，在句中，充当名词的功能。
5. The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organise or communicate.
6. The railway tracks were now useless and there was no water in water pipes.
7. All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the 30 seconds the earth moved.
分析与发现：
1. ways 的具体含义：
2. the earth moved从句：
时间名词可以替代关系副词引导定语从句；也可以加that或者when引导从句。
By Wednesday afternoon, half the heart of the city was gone. At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay. Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every direction — east, west, north, and south — strong winds blew upon the unlucky city and those whose homes had once stood in its green hills.
1. By Wednesday afternoon, half the heart of the city was gone.
比较：
half the heart of the city
half the heart of the city
2. At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay.
注意from a ship on the bay的逻辑关系：
定语？
状语？
3. Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up.
为何不到装？
4. Yet from every direction — east, west, north, and south — strong winds blew upon the unlucky city and those whose homes had once stood in its green hills.
结构分析：
Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city's best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. Tens of thousands who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires. Some were dressed only in blankets and carried the things that they had been able to rescue from the fires. But there were no fights and no pushing or shoving. Somchow this worst of disasters brought out the best in the survivors. Never in all of San Fracisco's history were her people so kind as on this night of terror.
1. Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city.
【有灵主语与无灵主语】
The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the People 's Republic Of China.
The post war years in Germany saw honours heaped upon the great scientist.
Dusk found the little girl crying in the street.
Beijing first saw the raising of the five-starred flag in Tian'anmen Square.
Shanghai witnessed the birth of the Chinese Communist Part.
Britain Saw the first jet airline in1952.
Rome witnessed many great historic events.
我叔叔将于8月6日到达伦敦。(see, arrival)
The day, Auguest 6th, __________________________________.
这次剪纸艺术展将在艺术楼举办。（witness, paper-cutting exhibition）
The Art Building ________________________________________.
上周日，我们进行了一次非同寻常的徒步旅行，让我们每个人都兴奋不已。（see, excite, nerve）
Last Sunday ___________________________________________
____________________________.
will see my uncle’s arrival in London.
will witness this paper-cutting art exhibition
saw an extraordinary hiking, which excited the nerves of everyone of us.
2. Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city's best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets.
分析：
发现：
3. Tens of thousands who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires.
分析：
发现：
4. Some were dressed only in blankets and carried the things that they had been able to rescue from the fire.
结构：
时态：
语态：
比较:
was able to:
could:
was able to = could and did
发现:
5. But there were no fights and no pushing or shoving.
词义猜测：
根据并列连词 and 和 or 可以猜测出shove的含义。
6. Somehow this worst of disasters brought out the best in the survivors.
A journalist all his life, he's now brought out a book.
He is totally devoted and brings out the best in his pupils.
Her report greatly helped to bring out the revolutionary enthusiasm of the young workers.
It's only a matter of time before they bring out their own version of the software.
The new dress brought out her hidden beauty.
7. Never in all of San Fracisco's history were her people so kind as on this night of terror.
还原：
San Fracisco's people were never so kind in all of her history as they were on this night of terror.

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