资源简介

(共42张PPT)
Welcome Unit
Discovering Useful Sentences
Learning objectives
At the end of this lesson, students are able to:
1. Have a good understanding of the basic sentence structures and basic
components of a sentence.
2. Identify the basic sentence structures—SV; SVO; SP; SV IO DO;
SVOC; SVA; SVOA; There be...
3. Learn to analyze the structure of the sentences from the text.
4. Master and use the basic sentence structures flexibly.
To see is to believe.
What he has said is true.
TV news often gives us lots of information.
Cycling and boating are my favorite free time interests.
主语：句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出。
It drives me mad to teach her.
It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
注意：主语一般位于句首，但若不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作主语，常用it作形式主语，则把真正的主语放在句后。
主语
形式主语（形式上的主语）和真正主语（真正的主语）
原因：常用作形式主语的是代词it。当主语过长时，可以先用代词it作为形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在句子尾部，避免句子“头重脚轻”，影响平衡美感。
例1：动词不定式短语作主语
参照：To get to school usually takes me thirty minutes.
例句：It usually takes me thirty minutes to get to school.
例2：主语从句作主语
参照：That we have to work more than ten hours every day is a fact.
例句：It is a fact that we have to work more than ten hours every day.
例3：动名词短语作主语
参照：Pretending to work hard in front of others is no good for oneself.
例句：It is no good for oneself pretending to work hard in front of others.
找出下列句子的主语。
即学即练
Country music has become mmore and more popular.
We often speak English in class.
One-third of the students are girls.
To swim in the pool is a pleasure.
Smoking does harm to the health.
The rich should help the poor.
When we are going to have a day off has not been decided.
It is necessary to master a foreign language.
名词
代词
数词
动词不定式
形容词名词化
动名词
句子作主语，
主语从句
it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语
谓语
谓语：表示主语的行为或状态；是英语句子的灵魂、核心。一般在主语之后。
谓语中最重要的是谓语动词 (通常由实义动词充当)，它有时态，语态的变化，并受主语人称和数的影响。
简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成
He practices running every morning.
Tom looks forward to meeting the new exchange student.
复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词组成
He can speak English well.
I will return you the book tomorrow.
及物动词 & 不及物动词
及物动词（vt.） 不及物动词（vi.）
及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语） 可直接跟宾语。 有被动语态。 不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。
若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。
无被动语态。
如play, visit, see, like, take, give 如look, cry, agree, walk, go, happen
He visited his grandparents yesterday. Please look at this picture carefully.
They can speak English well.
He looked after two boys.
They enjoyed playing computer games.
We have finished reading this book.
找出下列句子的谓语。
即学即练
宾语
宾语：动作的承受者，表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者。宾语一般位于及物动词和介词之后。
The children are flying kites.
Do you mind passing me the dictionary？
She didn't say anything.
Did you write down what he said
Some students find it difficult to study English.
Most of us think it no use arguing with her.
注意：不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作宾语，常用it作形式宾语，则把真正的宾语放在句后。
双宾语：有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物，间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。
直接宾语 direct object
间接宾语 indirect object
双宾语
He read us the text. → He read the text to us.
My sister wrote me a letter. → My sister wrote a letter to me.
Henry teaches us English. → Henry teaches English to us.
My mother bought me a watch. → My mother bought a watch for me.
Her mother made her a cake. → Her mother made a cake for her.
找出下列句子的宾语。
即学即练
1.They saw an exhibition yesterday.
2. How many dictionaries do you have I have five.
3. She wants to join the club.
4. I enjoyed listening to popular music.
5. I think he is fit for his office.
6. People find it important to get a good education.
7. He told us a story.
名词
数词
动词不定式
动名词
宾语从句
形式宾语
间接宾语
直接宾语
表语
表语：描述主语的特征，用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等，位于系动词后。
The flower smells sweet.
My hobby is collecting stamps.
English is both useful and important.
That is why he didn't come to school yesterday.
系动词：起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词一样有时态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。
常见系动词口诀
am
is
are
look
feel
smell
taste
sound
seem
appear
become
turn
get
grow
go
keep
stay
remain
My sister is a doctor.
Are these pens yours
The weather has turned cool.
The speech is exciting.
The price of the shirt is $8.
His job is to edit some articles.
The pencil is in your box.
Time is up. The class is over.
The truth is that he breaks the glass.
即学即练
找出下列句子的表语。
名词
代词
形容词
形容词
数词
动词不定式
介词短语
副词
表语从句
定语
定语：修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质、特征常位于名词前、或名词后。
注意：单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前(前置定语)，而短语或从句作定语时，则放在被修饰词之后(后置定语)。
These are apple tress.
I have no time to travel in spring.
The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.
The men here are always busy working on the farm.
即学即练
找出下列句子的定语。
1. There are so many fallen leaves there.
2. Our country is a developing country.
3. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr Green
4. The building being built will be our classroom.
5. The suggestion sent to the commitee was adopted.
6. The car that is parked outside is mine.
状语
I will be back in a while.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that he missed the train.
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
状语：说明动作何时、何地、如何发生；说明形容词或副词的程度。用于修饰形容词,副词,动词或句子。位置自由自在。
类型：表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。
The old man walked slowly.
The sea was extraordinarily calm that morning.
You did it quite well.
Surprisingly, she passed the driving test.
修饰动词
修饰形容词
修饰副词
修饰句子
找出下列句子的状语。
I waited to see you.
I'm very pleased to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
即学即练
1.I will be back in a minute.
2.They are playing on the playground.
3.He was late because he got up late.
4.I got up so late that I missed the train.
5.He often went to school by bike.
6. Please call me if it is necessary.
7.He went to school in spite of bad weather.
8.To make his dream come true, Tom works harder.
练一练
找出句中的状语，并说明其充当的是什么状语。
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
结果状语
方式状语
条件状语
让步状语
目的状语
宾语补足语
宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态。
We saw him play soccer.
They made her their monitor.
My mother always keeps everything in good order.
When he woke up, he found himself lying in the street.
常见接宾语补足语的动词：
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
即学即练
找出下列句子的宾语补足语。
1.They elected me captain of the team.
2.We try to make our country strong.
3.We found everything in good order there.
4. I should advise you to get the chance.
5. I saw him going upstairs.
6.They found the house broken in.
名词
形容词
介词短语
to do 不定式
现在分词 doing
done 过去分词
主语补足语
He was seen to go upstairs.
He came home out of humour.
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.
Starting as a street vender, he is now a manager of a famous company.
主语补足语：对主语进行补充说明。
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
同位语：是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，与前者指代同一事物，只是加以说明，为同位关系。
1
2
注意：同位语只有主语和宾语才有，可以由名词、代词以及从句充当。并且同位语一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后，充当的语法成分与前面的词一致。
同位语
指出下列划线部分的成分
We all study hard at English.
Betty likes her new bike.
My father is a policeman.
Were you at home last night
5. Winter is the coldest season of the year.
6. He often walks in the park.
宾语
谓语
表语
状语
定语
状语
The structures of English sentence
Structure Sentence
SV All of us laughed!
SVO I miss my grandma.
SP The teacher was kind and friendly.
S V IO DO He told us a funny story.
SVOC I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
SVA He talked too much.
SVOA I had my first maths class at senior high school.
There be … There’s a lot to explore at senior high.
Study the sentence structures
主语＋谓语(S＋V)
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语),其后不能直接跟宾语,也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 常见的不及物动词(短语)有rise、 matter、 begin、 come、 go、 happen、 appear、 work、 come true、
All of us laughed!
The sun is rising.
The little boy is crying.
主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
(1)这种句型结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词(短语),一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句等。
I miss my grandma.
David won a medal for his great courage.
注：在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中,宾语只能放在介词之后;在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中,作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可;代词只能放在副词之前。
Please wake Li Ling up (＝wake up Li Ling) at 6:30 in the morning.(　√　)
Please wake her up at 6:30 in the morning.(　√　)
Please wake up her at 6:30 in the morning.(　×　)
√
√
×
主语(＋系动词)＋表语(S＋P)
这种句型结构中的谓语动词为系动词,无被动语态,也无进行时态。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式或从句充当。
The teacher was kind and friendly.
She looked a littled annoyed.
He become an English teacher.
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
此句型中必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词to 或for。
Mr Smith gave me some advice.= Mr Smith gave some advice to me.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
I showed him my picture.= I showed my picture to him.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
He bought his son a bicycle.= He bought a bicycle for his son.
主 谓 间宾 直宾
双宾 = 间接宾语（多指人）+直接宾语（多指物)
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C)
此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一个补充成分来补充说明宾语，才能使意思完整。
We call him a living dictionary.
主 谓 宾 宾补
You will find my suggestions very useful.
主 谓 宾 宾补
Our English teacher always encourages us to work hard.
主 谓 宾 宾补
We saw them getting on the bus.
主 谓 宾 宾补
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C)
该句式常用于三类动词:
①使役动词: keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等
②感官动词: see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、 catch、 look at、 listen to、 hear、 feel、 smell 等
③ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade/ ... sb to do sth等。
用作宾语补足语的可以是：形容词、介词短语、动词-ing、不定式、副词、过去分词等。
主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A)
They talked for half an hour.
The time passed quickly.
Hopefully, you can take part.
The exhibition will start on 21 June.
此句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词或不及物动词短语，副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)
此句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词或及物动词短语，副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。
I had my first maths class at senior high school.
I waited for him at the school gate.
One day, my students were talking about what they would like to be in the future.
I visited one of my friends yesterday.
There be句型
There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人,基本结构为“There is/are/was/were ...＋地点状语”。谓语动词有时可用表示存在的其他动词,如live、 stand、 lie、 seem/appear to be (好像有)、 happen to be (碰巧有)、 used to be (曾经有) 等。
There’s a lot to explore at senior high school.
There is a piano in my study.
There are 56 students in my class.
There is going to have a lecture this afternoon.( )
There is going to be a lecture this afternoon.( )
注：使用这个句型时不能把be误用为have的某种形式。
√
×
Activity 1 Read the sentences and analyse the structures.
1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city.
2. We must act.
3. The maths homework looks easy.
4. The teacher found the classroom empty.
S
S
S
S
V
V
V
V
a
P
O
O C
Activity 1 Read the sentences and analyse the structures.
5. My mum bought me a new dictionary.
6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
7. There is an English Corner at our school.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
S
S
S
S
V
V
V
a
a
I O
O
O
D O
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tim，that dream has come true! This term，Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do，like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There’s always something exciting to do. And，after a long day of study，he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!
S
V
S
V
A
S
V
IO
DO
V
IO
DO
There be…
S
P
S
V
O
Activity 2 Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences.
Draw a mind map of sentence members and structures.

展开更多......

收起↑