资源简介

(共69张PPT)
Welcome Unit
Discovering Useful Structures
人教版2019必修第一册
Members of a sentence :
定义 ：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
Members of a sentence :
P
DO
O
A
C
(subject)
S
V
(verb)
(object)
(predicative)
(adverbial)
(direct object)
I0
(object complement)
(indirect object)
（同位语）
appositive
（定语）
attribute
主语
状语
宾语补足语
直接宾语
表语
宾语
间接宾语
谓语
Members of a sentence :
主语:主要动作的执行者或状态的承担者。用“S”表示
Country music has become mmore and more popular.
We often speak English in class.
One-third of the students are girls.
To swim in the pool is a pleasure.
Smoking does harm to the health.
The rich should help the poor.
When we are going to have a day off has not been decided.
It is necessary to master a foreign language.
名词
代词
数词
动词不定式
形容词名词化
动名词
句子作主语，
主语从句
it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语
主语 (S-subject): 一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。主要是名词(n.)，代词(pron.)，名词性短语，非谓语to do/doing。
Members of a sentence :
That seagulls are robbers makes me crazy.
Seagulls are robbers makes me crazy.
句子是否可以做主语？
可以！但是必须要有连词（一连二谓）
注意：单个句子，谓语用单数
Members of a sentence :
横线上应该填什么？？？
That seagulls are robbers makes me crazy.
makes me crazy that seagulls are robbers
为避免主语过长（头重脚轻）
句首用it作形式主语，真正主语放在句末
A. It B. What
Members of a sentence :
主语小结：
1. 哪些可以做主语？
名词、代词、doing/to do...
注意：prep.不能做主语
2. 句子是否可以做主语？
可以！但是必须要有连词（一连二谓）连词=谓语-1
注意：单个句子，谓语用单数
为避免主语过长（头重脚轻）
句首用it作形式主语，真正主语放在句末
Members of a sentence :
练习：
In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s.
A. In most people
B. most people
C. the first signs
D. show up
Members of a sentence :
练习：
Putting electric fencing around chicken houses can scare wolves.
A. Putting
B. electric fencing
C. chicken houses
D. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses
Members of a sentence :
谓语:表示主语的行为或状态。用“V”表示
We study to create a better world.
I can speak some English.
We are reading books.
He has gone to Beijing.
谓语：一个动作，有完整的时态结构
Members of a sentence :
下列能做谓语的有？
3. took
6. to take
1. taking
2. has taken
4. is taking
5. taken
Members of a sentence :
1. 谓语动词怎么识别？
谓语：一个动作，有完整的时态结构
2. 谓语动词有几大类？
3. 长难句的谓语个数怎么确定？
Members of a sentence :
啥是“及物”“不及物”？
及物动词：自身含义不完整，后面需要跟东西！
eg). He found the truth.
不及物动词：自身含义完整，后面不用跟东西（独立大女主）
eg). The woman died in the room.
eg). He runs.
vi. + prep. + 东西
Members of a sentence :
系动词的“系”咋理解？？？
系：连接
eg). The weather is terrible these days!
系动词：连接主语和表语
Members of a sentence :
还有哪些系动词？
感官动词：
看：look
听：listen
闻：smell
尝：taste
感：feel
The cat looked angry.
The boy felt scared.
The story sounds funny.
是：“系”
能翻译成“是”，就是系动词
Members of a sentence :
还有哪些系动词？
The cat went mad.
The boy kept still.
变成：go; become; turn; come; grow
保持：keep; remain; stay
Members of a sentence :
还有哪些系动词？
The cat seems upset
The cat appears confused.
似乎：seem; appear
看起来：appear
Members of a sentence :
还有哪些系动词？
be动词
感官动词
变化
保持
似乎
总而言之，能翻译成“是”的就是系动词
Members of a sentence :
1. 谓语动词怎么识别？
谓语：一个动作，有完整的时态结构
2. 谓语动词有几大类？
①及物动词(vt.) ②不及物动词(vi.) ③系动词
3. 长难句的谓语个数怎么确定？
Members of a sentence :
长难句的谓语个数怎么确定？
When I saw this video, I realized that I’m a language master.
谓语动词-1=连词数
Members of a sentence :
有效连词：连接句子或者连接谓语
I washed my face and brushed my teeth.
I washed my face when I arrived at home.
从句连词 并列连词
what/who/which and
where/when but
why/how or
that/because... so
Members of a sentence :
She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.
有几个谓语？ A. 1个 B. 2个 C. 3个
名形连无效（明星脸无效）
Members of a sentence :
1. 谓语动词怎么识别？
谓语：一个动作，有完整的时态结构
2. 谓语动词有几大类？
①及物动词(vt.) ②不及物动词(vi.) ③系动词
3. 长难句的谓语个数怎么确定？
连词=谓语动词-1
明星脸无效
Members of a sentence :
下面句子的谓语是：
A handsome gentleman in a military uniform was standing there watching you.
A. A handsome gentleman
B. standing
C. was standing
D. watching
Members of a sentence :
下面句子的谓语是：
Ms. Yang. now 18, has spent years shopping in the same way in 顺城.
A. has
B. spent
C. has spent
D. shopping
Members of a sentence :
以下句子中画线单词是不及物动词的有：（多选）
A. The family has grown in size recently.
B. What time does the bank close
C. He beat the table with his hand.
D. He couldn’t stand his roommates.
Members of a sentence :
下面句子的谓语是：
I knew if I recorded all of my parents’ recipes, it would be a great gift.
A. knew
B. recorded
C. would be
D. be
Members of a sentence :
宾语:动作行为的对象，表示动作的承担者。用“O”表示
承受动作
He loves it.
He needs a rest.
He enjoys sitting on the sofa.
He wants to sit on the sofa.
He knows that life is tough.
宾语：名词，代词，动名词doing，to do，句子
宾语位置：①vt.后！
Members of a sentence :
画线部分作什么成分？
You may reduce your risk of dying early by runninng.
②介词宾语：宾语在介词后（介宾结构）
Members of a sentence :
画线部分作什么成分？
We are sure that Labubu is very popular.
We are surprised that Labubu is a girl.
③形容词宾语：宾语在形容词后
sure, certain; surprised. afraid
Members of a sentence :
1. 宾语由哪些词充当？
名词，代词，doing，to do，句子
2. 三类宾语？
动词宾语，介词宾语，形容词宾语
Members of a sentence :
下面句子的宾语是？
Carson proves that a simple literary form can still be employed today.
A. Carson
B. proves
C. that a simple literary form can still be employed today
D. a simple literary form
Members of a sentence :
下面句子的真正宾语是？
Any ordinary person would find it hard to imagine what Sam had gone through in those years.
A. hard
B. would find
C. to imagine
D. to imagine what Michelangelo had gone through in those years
Members of a sentence :
表语：描述主语的特征、性质、状态
My dog is sad.
My dog is in great anger.
My dog is an actor.
The fact is that my dog is an actor.
表语位置：系动词后！！
表语形式：名词，形容词，介词短语，句子
Members of a sentence :
宾语、表语如何区分？
宾语 表语
位置 及物动词后 介词后 形容词后 系动词后
功能 承受动作 描述主语
宾前动介形，系表不分离
Members of a sentence :
1. 表语是啥？位置？由啥词充当？
功能：描述主语的特征、性质、状态！
位置：系动词后
表语：n. adj. 介词短语，句子
2. 宾语和表语有啥区别？
宾前动介形，系表不分离
Members of a sentence :
下面句子的表语是？
The new plan seems very promising for the future development of the company.
A. The new plan
B. seems
C. very promising for the future development of the company
D. for the future development of the company
Members of a sentence :
关于下面句子的成分，分析正确的有？（多选）
I was always an enthusiastic reader and sometimes I would read three books a day as a child.
A. an enthusiastic reader作表语
B. would read 作谓语
C. three books 作宾语
D. three books 作表语
Members of a sentence :
补语：补充说明
位置：跟在宾语后面
功能：补全句意
Members of a sentence :
哪些词能作补语？
John made his partner a joke.
John made this class more interesting.
John made his partner to suffer.
John saw his partner chatting in great happiness.
John made this class remembered by Ms. Yang.
名词
形容词
to do
doing
done
Members of a sentence :
补语能删不？
不能！！！
删了句意就不完整了！！！
Members of a sentence :
哪些动词后加补语？
I saw Tom crying.
I made Tom a winner.
I call Tom a hero.
I found Tom nice.
看见/听见（人/物）
see/watch/hear
使得（人/物）
have/make/let
称呼/命名（人/物）
call/name
认为（人/物）
find/think/consider
Members of a sentence :
难点突破：
leave sb. alone
Members of a sentence :
1. 补语是什么？能不能删？、
补语→补全句意
补语→跟在宾语后
不能删，删了句意不完整
2. 常见的加补语的动词
看见、听见；使得；称呼；认为
3. 哪些词能做补语？
n. adj. to do. doing. done
Members of a sentence :
下面句子的补语是？
I wish that everyone would stop interfering（干涉）and just leave me alone.
A. would stop
B. interfering
C. leave
D. alone
Members of a sentence :
下面句子的补语是？
Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building with a poor sense of direction.
A. it
B. impossible
C. to get around in such a huge building
D. with a poor sense of direction
Members of a sentence :
定语:用于修饰名词或代词，限定名词或代词所指范围。
定语 (attribute)：用来修饰或限制名词或代词的成分; 一般可由形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词(to do/doing)、名词、数词、 冠词等充当。
a nice girl
three cups
something to eat
a sleeping baby
the burnt food
a cat in the room
a shoe shop
形容词
现在分词
名词
不定式
数词
介词短语
过去分词
Members of a sentence :
定语:用于修饰名词或代词，限定名词或代词所指范围。
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel work.
There are 54students in our class.
Do you known betty’s sister
He bought some sleepingpills.
There is a sleeping baby in bed.
His spoken language is good.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(现在分词)
(过去分词)
Members of a sentence :
状语:表示动作发生的时间，地点，方式等。用“A”表示
1. How about meeting again at six
2. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
3. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
4. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.
5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
6. She sat there, reading a book.
7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
9. she works very hard though she is old.
10. I am taller than he is.
时间
原因
条件
地点
方式
伴随
目的
结果
让步
比较
Members of a sentence :
状语:表示动作发生的时间，地点，方式等。用“A”表示
Light travels most quickly.
We have studied for 10 years.
I am sorry to trouble you.
He is in the room making a model plane.
Once you begin, you must go on.
方式状语
时间状语
原因状语
地点状语
条件状语
Members of a sentence :
同位语:对另一个名词/代词进行解释/补充说明。用“A”表示
My friend Li Ming will visit me tomorrow.
We live in the capital London.
We students should study hard.
She met her new colleague, a young man from Canada.
The basic sentence structures :
简单句的基本句型
7. there be …
主谓 (SV)
主谓宾 (SVO)
主系表 (SP)
主谓双宾 (S V IO DO)
5. 主谓宾+宾补 (SVOC)
6. 主谓宾+状语 (SVOA)
Members of a sentence :
1. 主语+谓语（SV）
The math class began.
Members of a sentence :
2. 主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）
The teacher asked a question.
Members of a sentence :
3. 主语+系动词+表语（SP）
Everybody was nervous.
Members of a sentence :
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVIODO）
My parents bought me a gift.
（双宾语）人间植物
Members of a sentence :
高中常考双宾语动词
1. 买 buy sb. sth.
2. 告诉 tell sb. sth.
3. 借出 lend sb. sth.
4. 给 give sb. sth.
5. 提供 offer sb. sth.
6. 展示 show sb. sth.
Members of a sentence :
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（SVOC）
My parents made me a fool.
宾语宾补能成句
双宾是俩度立体
Members of a sentence :
判断下列句子类型？
I gave my cat a ball.
I made my cat a fool.
A. 主谓宾宾补 B. 主谓双宾
Members of a sentence :
6. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语（SVOA）
I have my first class at senior high school .
状语有哪些？
时间、地点、原因、让步、方式、程度
Members of a sentence :
判断下列状语是什么状语？
1. 时间状语（何时）
例句：I get up at 7 a.m.
2. 地点状语（何地）
例句：We played basketball on the playground.
3. 原因状语（为何）
例句：She cried because she lost her key.
4.让步状语（尽管…仍…）
例句：Though it rained, we went out.
5. 方式状语（如何）
例句：He writes with a pen.
6. 程度状语（到何种程度）
例句：The movie is very interesting.
并列句
并列句：用并列连词，连接两个简单句。
并列连词：and, but, or, so
not only...but also; not...but
either...or; neither...nor
both...and
复合句
复合句：用从属连词，连接两个简单句。
定从；名词性从句；状从
I want to open the door that is white.
Practice :
Read the sentences and analyse the structures.
1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city.
S 主语
V 谓语
A 状语
2. We must act.
S 主语
V 谓语
3. The maths homework looks easy.
S 主语
P 系表
4. The teacher found the classroom empty.
S 主语
V 谓语
O 宾语
C 宾补
这所有着一百年历史的学校坐落于市中心
我们必须行动起来。
数学作业看起来挺简单。
老师觉得教室空荡荡的。
Practice :
Read the sentences and analyse the structures.
5. My mum bought me a new dictionary.
6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
7. There is an English Corner at our school.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
S 主语
V 谓语
DO 直宾
IO 间宾
S 主语
V 谓语
O 宾语
有
某物
某地
S 主语
V 谓语
O 宾语
A 状语
There be 句型
我妈妈给我买了一本新的字典。
汤姆期盼遇见一位新的交换生。
在我们学校有一个新的英语角。
在新建的实验室里我们上了一节化学课。
Practice :
Translate the sentences and analyse the sentence structure.
他在这家公司上班。
He works in this company.
2. 史密斯先生的话让我印象深刻。
Mr. Smith’s words impressed me.
3. 这个小女孩看起来很害怕。
The little girl seemed/looked frightened.
4. 吉姆明天将去这座岛上探险。
Jim is going to explore this island tomorrow.
主语+谓语+状语
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+系+表
主语+谓语+宾语+状语
Practice :
Translate the sentences and analyse the sentence structure.
5. 那个设计者已经给我们发了一封邮件。
The designer has sent us an email.
6. 一切都已经改变了。
Everything has changed.
7. 明天将有一场关于学习策略的讲座。
There will be a lecture on learning strategies tomorrow.
8. 我们必须保持教室干净。
We must keep our classroom clean.
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
主语+谓语(vi.)
There be…
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
Homework :
Draw a mind map of sentence members and structures.
Thank You !
Discovering Useful Structures
人教版2019必修第一册

展开更多......

收起↑