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Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
1．(教材原句)Sitting back in my seat，I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was“impossible”．
*claim vt．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称；宣称；要求(拥有) n．声称；索赔；所有权
(1)claim to do sth．/that...　　　　　　 声称/主张做……
claim to have done sth． 声称做过某事
It is claimed that... 有人主张……
(2)make a claim for sth． 对(赔偿等)提出要求
lay claim to sth． 声称对……的拥有权；提出对……的所有权
单句语法填空/单句写作
①He claimed ____________ (be) the owner of the car．
②As a victim in the accident，I will make a claim ____________ the injuries I suffered．
③Doctors claimed ________________ (discover) a cure for the disease．
④据称，幽默不仅能影响病人的情绪，而且还能帮助他们更快地康复。
________________________ humour can not only affect patients' moods but also help them recover faster．
2．(教材原句)The words“railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains”seem particularly vivid as I travel across the“roof of the world”．
*massive adj．巨大的；大而重的；结实的；非常严重的(mass n．块，团；大量，许多 massively adv．大量地；沉重地)
(1)a massive rock　　　　 一块巨大的岩石
massive walls 厚实的墙
a massive heart attack 严重的心脏病
(2)a mass of/masses of 大量的，许多的
the masses 群众，平民百姓
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The bear just kept trying to tear down the fence with his ____________ (mass) paws．
②The masses ____________ (be) the true makers of history．
③(读后续写之场景描写)从火车窗口望去，群山和森林看起来很壮观。
Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests ________________________．
④在经历了一场非常严重的地震并沦为废墟后不久，这个城市呈现了新的面貌。
Shortly after suffering from ________________________ and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look．
3．(教材原句)The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge，the world's longest bridge built over permafrost．
*catch one's eye 吸引某人的注意；惹人注目
(1)catch one's eye＝catch the eye of sb． 吸引某人的注意，吸引某人的视线
catch one's breath 屏住呼吸，屏息；喘一口气
(2)catch on 理解，明白；变得流行
catch up with 赶上，追上
catch sight of 看见
catch hold of 抓住
(3)be caught in 陷入；突然遭受
单句语法填空/单句写作
①When he was fishing off the island he was caught ____________ a storm and almost drowned．
②The song is so touching that I believe it will catch ____________ quickly．
③(读后续写之动作描写)当她看到那头熊时，她屏住了呼吸，僵在那儿。
When she saw the bear，she ________________________ and was frozen there．
④(应用文写作之演讲稿)抓住每次机会，那么你就有可能成功地获得你想要的东西。
____________________ every opportunity and you will be likely to succeed in getting what you want．
4．(教材原句)A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge，with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure．
*at one's leisure 空闲时 (leisure n．空闲；闲暇 leisurely adj．悠闲的 adv．悠闲地)
leisure activities/pursuits　 业务活动/爱好
at leisure 闲散，悠闲；不慌不忙，从容
leisure time 闲暇时光
单句语法填空/单句写作
①He was wandering around the streets ____________ leisure yesterday afternoon．
②I enjoyed a ____________ (leisure) walk on the country road，feeling the warmth of the sun on my face．
③(应用文写作之建议信)你最好在有空的时候把那件事情仔细想一下。
You had better think over the matter ________________________．
④(应用文写作之观点态度)大多数人赞成少一点工作时间和多一点休闲时间。
Most people are in favour of shorter working hours and ________________________．
5．(教材原句)Water birds playing in the lake，and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life．
*wander v．徘徊；漫游；漂泊；走神；蜿蜒
wander in/through/around 　　　　　　　　 在……闲逛
wander off (从应该逗留的地方)离开
wander from the point 偏离主题
let one's mind wander 走神
单句语法填空/单句写作
①As you wander ____________ the streets，you see thousands of masks but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like．
②He was here a minute ago but he's wandered ____________．
③Do not wander ____________ the subject: stick to the point．
④这时，他们看到一个年轻人在他们房子外面的人行道上游荡。
At this moment，they ____________________________________ on the pavement outside their house．
6．(教材原句)Water birds playing in the lake，and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life．
*bring...(back) to life带给……生机；使复活；使苏醒过来
bring about　　 引起；导致
bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕吐
bring out 出版，生产；使显示；说出
bring in 引进；赚得；请……做
单句语法填空/单句写作
①What brought ____________ the change in his attitude
②We need to bring ____________ some experts to solve this complex technical problem．
③The Smiths are praised for the way they bring ____________ their children．
④(应用文写作之活动介绍)我们老师讲的民间故事使课堂活跃起来。
Our teacher's folk tales __________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
词汇 1．delicate adj．脆弱的 2．wetland n．湿地 3．mirror-like adj．如镜面般的 4．scenery n．风景，景色
微练 1．保护脆弱的环境免受进一步破坏是极为紧迫的。 It is of great urgency ____________________________________ further damage． 2．清晨平静的大海如镜面一般，没有一丝波澜。 The calm sea in the early morning was ________________，undisturbed by any waves． 3．沿海岸不断变化的景色使旅程更加愉快。 ________________________ along the coast made the journey even more enjoyable． 4．当地政府已采取措施保护湿地免受污染。 The local government has taken measures to ___________________________________ ____________________________________.
1．(教材原句)How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns．
*特殊疑问词＋不定式
(1)功能：作主语、宾语、表语。
(2)疑问词：who，what，when，where，how等。
(3)作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
(4)该结构常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss，find out 等后作宾语。
单句写作
①徘徊在陌生城市的街头，我不知道该去哪里。
Wandering along the streets in a new city，I have no idea ________________________．
②(读后续写之神态和心理描写)大卫咬着嘴唇，皱着眉头，考虑着他是否应该参加越野赛。
David bit his lips and frowned，thinking about ________________________________ the cross-country run or not．
③(应用文写作之建议信)这里有一些关于如何使铁路旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
Here is some advice on ________________________ as pleasant as possible．
2．(教材原句)The journey has been flying by，and before I know it，we have reached Tanggula Station．
*before引导的时间状语从句
(1)before作连词引导时间状语从句时，在句中的译法很灵活。通常有以下含义：在……之前；……之后才；不多久就……
(2)before构成的句型主要有：
It was/will be＋时间段＋before...
多长时间后就/才……
不久就……
单句写作
①(读后续写之行为描写)这对年轻夫妇在我还没来得及询问他们的名字之前就离开了，他们把丢失的钱包还给了我。
The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，______________________________．
②(应用文写作之环境保护)要等一个世纪后一些濒危物种才能完全恢复。
________________________some endangered species are fully recovered．
③不久之后，花园里的花就会盛开。
________________________ the flowers in the garden bloom．
6 / 6Period 3　 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
1．(教材原句)Sitting back in my seat，I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was“impossible”．
*claim vt．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称；宣称；要求(拥有) n．声称；索赔；所有权
(1)claim to do sth．/that... 声称/主张做……
claim to have done sth． 声称做过某事
It is claimed that... 有人主张……
(2)make a claim for sth． 对(赔偿等)提出要求
lay claim to sth． 声称对……的拥有权；
提出对……的所有权
单句语法填空/单句写作
①He claimed to be (be) the owner of the car．
②As a victim in the accident，I will make a claim for the injuries I suffered．
③Doctors claimed to have discovered (discover) a cure for the disease．
④据称，幽默不仅能影响病人的情绪，而且还能帮助他们更快地康复。
It's claimed that humour can not only affect patients'moods but also help them recover faster．
2．(教材原句)The words“railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains”seem particularly vivid as I travel across the“roof of the world”．
*massive adj．巨大的；大而重的；结实的；非常严重的(mass n．块，团；大量，许多 massively adv．大量地；沉重地)
(1)a massive rock　　　　 一块巨大的岩石
massive walls 厚实的墙
a massive heart attack 严重的心脏病
(2)a mass of/masses of 大量的，许多的
the masses 群众，平民百姓
单句语法填空/单句写作
①The bear just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive (mass) paws．
②The masses are (be) the true makers of history．
③(读后续写之场景描写)从火车窗口望去，群山和森林看起来很壮观。
Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests looked massive．
④在经历了一场非常严重的地震并沦为废墟后不久，这个城市呈现了新的面貌。
Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look．
3．(教材原句)The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge，the world's longest bridge built over permafrost．
*catch one's eye 吸引某人的注意；惹人注目
(1)catch one's eye＝catch the eye of sb． 吸引某人的注意，吸引某人的视线
catch one's breath 屏住呼吸，屏息；喘一口气
(2)catch on 理解，明白；变得流行
catch up with 赶上，追上
catch sight of 看见
catch hold of 抓住
(3)be caught in 陷入；突然遭受
单句语法填空/单句写作
①When he was fishing off the island he was caught in a storm and almost drowned．
②The song is so touching that I believe it will catch on quickly．
③(读后续写之动作描写)当她看到那头熊时，她屏住了呼吸，僵在那儿。
When she saw the bear，she caught her breath and was frozen there．
④(应用文写作之演讲稿)抓住每次机会，那么你就有可能成功地获得你想要的东西。
Catch hold of every opportunity and you will be likely to succeed in getting what you want．
4．(教材原句)A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge，with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure．
*at one's leisure 空闲时 (leisure n．空闲；闲暇 leisurely adj．悠闲的 adv．悠闲地)
leisure activities/pursuits　 业务活动/爱好
at leisure 闲散，悠闲；不慌不忙，从容
leisure time 闲暇时光
单句语法填空/单句写作
①He was wandering around the streets at leisure yesterday afternoon．
②I enjoyed a leisurely (leisure) walk on the country road，feeling the warmth of the sun on my face．
③(应用文写作之建议信)你最好在有空的时候把那件事情仔细想一下。
You had better think over the matter at your leisure．
④(应用文写作之观点态度)大多数人赞成少一点工作时间和多一点休闲时间。
Most people are in favour of shorter working hours and more leisure time．
5．(教材原句)Water birds playing in the lake，and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life．
*wander v．徘徊；漫游；漂泊；走神；蜿蜒
wander in/through/around 在……闲逛
wander off (从应该逗留的地方)离开
wander from the point 偏离主题
let one's mind wander 走神
单句语法填空/单句写作
①As you wander around/about/through the streets，you see thousands of masks but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like．
②He was here a minute ago but he's wandered off．
③Do not wander from the subject：stick to the point．
④这时，他们看到一个年轻人在他们房子外面的人行道上游荡。
At this moment，they see a young man wandering on the pavement outside their house．
6．(教材原句)Water birds playing in the lake，and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life．
*bring...(back) to life带给……生机；使复活；使苏醒过来
bring about　　 引起；导致
bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕吐
bring out 出版，生产；使显示；说出
bring in 引进；赚得；请……做
单句语法填空/单句写作
①What brought about the change in his attitude
②We need to bring in some experts to solve this complex technical problem．
③The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children．
④(应用文写作之活动介绍)我们老师讲的民间故事使课堂活跃起来。
Our teacher's folk tales brought the class to life．
词汇 1．delicate adj．脆弱的 2．wetland n．湿地 3．mirror-like adj．如镜面般的 4．scenery n．风景，景色
微练 1．保护脆弱的环境免受进一步破坏是极为紧迫的。 It is of great urgency to protect the delicate environment from further damage． 2．清晨平静的大海如镜面一般，没有一丝波澜。 The calm sea in the early morning was mirror-like，undisturbed by any waves． 3．沿海岸不断变化的景色使旅程更加愉快。 The changing scenery along the coast made the journey even more enjoyable． 4．当地政府已采取措施保护湿地免受污染。 The local government has taken measures to protect the wetland from pollution．
1．(教材原句)How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns．
*特殊疑问词＋不定式
(1)功能：作主语、宾语、表语。
(2)疑问词：who，what，when，where，how等。
(3)作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
(4)该结构常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss，find out 等后作宾语。
单句写作
①徘徊在陌生城市的街头，我不知道该去哪里。
Wandering along the streets in a new city，I have no idea where to go．
②(读后续写之神态和心理描写)大卫咬着嘴唇，皱着眉头，考虑着他是否应该参加越野赛。
David bit his lips and frowned，thinking about whether to take part in/participate in/engage in the cross-country run or not．
③(应用文写作之建议信)这里有一些关于如何使铁路旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible．
2．(教材原句)The journey has been flying by，and before I know it，we have reached Tanggula Station．
*before引导的时间状语从句
(1)before作连词引导时间状语从句时，在句中的译法很灵活。通常有以下含义：在……之前；……之后才；不多久就……
(2)before构成的句型主要有：
It was/will be＋时间段＋before...
多长时间后就/才……
不久就……
单句写作
①(读后续写之行为描写)这对年轻夫妇在我还没来得及询问他们的名字之前就离开了，他们把丢失的钱包还给了我。
The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left before I could ask for their names．
②(应用文写作之环境保护)要等一个世纪后一些濒危物种才能完全恢复。
It will be a century before some endangered species are fully recovered．
③不久之后，花园里的花就会盛开。
It will not be long before the flowers in the garden bloom．
课时提升作业(十六)　(Unit 6　Understanding ideas)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：87.5分)
Ⅰ．品句填词(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．The local government has taken many effective measures to restore the delicate (脆弱的) ecological environment in this area．
2．I was impressed with the splendid (壮丽的) view while visiting the Forbidden City．
3．Sunlight consists of different wavelengths of radiation (射线)．
4．Because Mother is afraid we'll get lost，we aren't allowed to wander (闲逛) far．
5．Sometimes they just drive slowly down the lane，enjoying the scenery (风景)．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1．We needed to reskill our workforce to cope with massive (mass) technological change．
2．People around the world are becoming more and more concerned (concern) about the population explosion．
3．He walked steadily (steady) towards the finish line，despite being tired．
4．It was the unusual colour of his jacket that caught (catch) my eye．
5．In India the cow is a sacred animal．You can see cows wandering (wander) freely in the streets．
Ⅲ．短语填空(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
at one's leisure，catch one's eye，bring ...to life，a sense of achievement，put into operation
1．The unique design of the new car caught his eye and he couldn't help but take a closer look．
2．You can take part in various activities at your leisure，which is beneficial to your personal growth．
3．Seeing the lines of trees we had planted，we all had a sense of achievement．
4．The newly-established factory was put into operation ahead of schedule，bringing new economic benefits to the region．
5．The passionate speech of the leader brought the crowd to life and inspired them．
Ⅳ．完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．他们正在讨论去哪儿过暑假。(疑问词＋to do)
They are discussing where to go for the summer holiday．
2．三周过去了，她才意识到自己的错误。(before引导时间状语从句)
Three weeks went by before she realized her mistakes．
3．两天后，他收到一封邮件，发信人声称与女孩相识。(claim to do)
Two days later，he got an e-mail from someone claiming to know the girl．
4．他总是第一个到，最后一个走。(不定式作定语)
He is always the first to come and the last to leave．
5．你可以在空闲时间读小说。(at one's leisure)
You can read novels at your leisure．
Ⅴ．补全短文(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
Last year I chose to travel to Xizang when I 1．had leisure time (有空闲时间) in summer．At first，how to deal with altitude sickness was 2．among the top concerns (最关心的问题之一) for me．The moment I arrived，the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge 3．caught my eye (引起我的注意)．Besides，I was also attracted by Cuona Lake when I 4．saw the mirror-like surface (看到了镜子般的湖面) of it．The travel was 5．so meaningful to me that (对我来说意义重大以至于) I would never forget it．
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)
A
Four Books Worth Reading
The Humane Home by Sarah Lozanova
This book would be useful to anyone building a home and wanting a general overview of how to do it with minimal impact．It contains seven chapters that cover topics like energy efficiency，water conservation，passive solar heating，building materials，air quality，choosing where to live，etc．It contains numerous little projects，from building garden beds to preserving home-grown produce．The book is a quick and easy read，easily finished in an hour or two，and it gives readers a good sense of what they want to explore further．
An Almost Zero Waste Life by Megean Weldon
The book offers suggestions for reducing waste in every area of life．In urging people to choose bamboo toothbrushes and package-free goods，Weldon never mentions a single company．This is smart．Companies come and go and such references could potentially make the book out-of-date，but it could leave the reader still wondering where to start．
The Eco Hero Handbook by Tessa Wardley
The book addresses the issue of eco-anxiety by devoting a one-page answer to a commonly-asked question and，hopefully，enabling the readers to feel like they can take action．The questions range from“Is my water usage affecting the planet and nature？”to“Which foods are responsible for the worst deforestation (砍伐森林)？”
Sustainable Home by Christine Liu
This beautiful book could sit on your coffee table，with its beautiful photographs．Author Christine Liu is a blogger whose own home and DIY projects are featured in the book．She goes through all the steps you can take to avoid waste and adopt more eco-friendly practices．Her advice is helpful to anyone who feels frightened of climate change．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本如何实现环保生活的书。
1．Who will help you quickly get easy steps in green living
A．Sarah Lozanova．　　　　　 B．Megean Weldon．
C．Tessa Wardley． D．Christine Liu．
A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It contains numerous little projects，from building garden beds to preserving home-grown produce．”及“The book is a quick and easy read，easily finished in an hour or two”可知，与题干中的“help you quickly get easy steps in green living”相对应。这本书的作者是Sarah Lozanova。故选A。]
2．Which book is based on its author's own real life
A．The Humane Home．
B．An Almost Zero Waste Life．
C．The Eco Hero Handbook．
D．Sustainable Home．
D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Author Christine Liu is a blogger whose own home and DIY projects are featured in the book．”可知，此书描述的是作者Christine Liu自己的真实生活。故选D。]
3．Who would be most interested in the four books
A．Those who love environmental science．
B．Those who focus on research on nature．
C．Those who care about endangered species．
D．Those who desire an eco-friendly lifestyle．
D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It contains seven chapters that cover topics like energy efficiency，water conservation，passive solar heating，building materials，air quality，choosing where to live，etc．”，第二段中的“The book offers suggestions for reducing waste in every area of life．”，第三段中的“The book addresses the issue of eco-anxiety by devoting a one-page answer to a commonly-asked question”和第四段中的“She goes through all the steps you can take to avoid waste and adopt more eco-friendly practices．”可知，这四本书都与生态友好的生活方式有关系。故选D。]
B
If you were bringing friends home to visit，you could show them the way．You know the landmarks．But what if you were swimming in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean Could you still find your way home A loggerhead turtle (红海龟) could．
According to Dr Lohmann，loggerheads possess a magnetic (磁力的) sense based on Earth's magnetic field．It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their home beaches．
Scientists already know that several other animals，like whales，can detect magnetic fields，but they only learn from their parents the way to go home．Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs and must consequently learn to use their magnetic sense to find their way home．Scientists still wonder what helps them master their magnetic sense．Dr Lohmann thinks one of the cues is light on the sea．
Baby loggerheads hatch only at night．However，a small amount of light reflects off the ocean．Heading toward the light helps them get quickly out to set，where they can find food．Dr Lohmann tested whether newborn loggerheads use this light source to set their magnetic“compasses”．His team put some newborns in a water tank and recorded which way they swam．Around the tank，the scientists created a magnetic field matching the Earth's．Meanwhile，they set a weak light to the east of the magnetic field．Then they let the newborns go．
At first，they swam toward the light．After the scientists turned off the light，the turtles that had seen the light in the east always swam toward east．When the researchers reversed (颠倒) the magnetic field，these turtles turned around and swam toward the new“east”．
This experiment and the follow-ups all showed that loggerheads use light from the outside world to set their magnetic“compasses”and then remember the“correct”direction．If a turtle hatches on a brightly-lit beach，that would damage its magnetic sense forever and make their survival hard．
Dr Lohmann's work has led people to protect turtles'habitat．Yet many questions remain unanswered．Researchers still have extensive studies to carry out．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了红海龟拥有一种基于地球磁场的磁感。这能帮助红海龟们定位到寻找食物和家园海滩的最佳地点。
4．Loggerheads and whales differ in the way they ________．
A．locate light sources
B．learn to find directions
C．detect magnetic fields
D．recognize familiar landmarks
B　[细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Scientists already know that several other animals，like whales，can detect magnetic fields，but they only learn from their parents the way to go home．Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs and must consequently learn to use their magnetic sense to find their way home．”可知，红海龟和鲸的不同之处在于它们学习寻找方向的途径。故选B。]
5．What is needed for newborn loggerheads to set their magnetic sense
A．Food in warmer waters．
B．Bright sunlight from the sky．
C．Help from adult loggerheads．
D．Weak light reflected off the ocean．
D　[细节理解题。根据第四段第二句和第三句“However，a small amount of light reflects off the ocean．Heading toward the light helps them get quickly out to set，where they can find food．”可知，新生红海龟需要从海洋反射出来的微弱的光来设置它们的磁感。故选D。]
6．What is the significance of Dr Lohmann's research work
A．It provides more insight into the magnetic field．
B．It improves accuracy in keeping track of turtles．
C．It offers a new solution to environmental pollution．
D．It helps protect the loggerheads'living environment．
D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Dr Lohmann's work has led people to protect turtles'habitat．”可知，罗曼博士研究工作的意义是有助于保护红海龟的生存环境。故选D。]
7．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Experiments on Loggerheads
B．The Survival of the Sea Turtle
C．The Loggerhead's Built-in“Compass”
D．Comparison of Loggerheads and Other Animals
C　[标题归纳题。根据第二段“According to Dr Lohmann，loggerheads possess a magnetic sense based on Earth's magnetic field．It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their home beaches．”及文章内容可知，这篇文章主要是讲红海龟拥有一种基于地球磁场的磁感，可以帮助它们寻找方向。C选项“红海龟的内置‘指南针’”合适。故选C。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
The Amazon Rainforest：A Natural Treasure
Welcome to the Amazon rainforest．As the largest rainforest in the world，it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem．
The Amazon rainforest crosses eight countries．With an area of around 7 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China．The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is about 6，400 kilometres in length．On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，the river supports many different ecosystems．　1　
Of the 390，000 plant species known to man，more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon．The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife．At the bottom，there is a system of roots beneath the ground．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor．　2　 Then there are the towering (高大的) ancient hardwood trees，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground．Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of living things．
More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life．The jaguar(美洲虎) is one example．It has a yellow-brown fur with black rings and spots．While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain．　3　 These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruits．When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms (微生物) helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth．
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen．　4　Moreover，the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine．Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals：us．
　5　 As the impact of human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the“lungs of the planet”？
A．They feed on at least 87 species，including frogs．
B．Thus，it is often known as the“lungs of the planet”．
C．Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest．
D．The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves．
E．They give this area the richest species of plants and animals on the Earth．
F．Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year．
G．Over the past 50 years，17 percent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马孙雨林在维持地球生态系统平衡方面起着重要作用以及它现在的情况。
1．E　[根据设空处上句“On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，the river supports many different ecosystems．”可知，在从山脉到海洋的旅途中，这条河维持着许多不同的生态系统。E选项“它们把地球上最丰富的动植物物种给了这个地区。”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。]
2．D　[根据设空处上句“Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor．”和其下句“Then there are the towering ancient hardwood trees，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground．”可知，底层上面是深色森林地面上的落叶层，所以接下来的一层是由长着大叶子的低矮植物组成的，然后是高大的古老阔叶树，最后是高出地面许多米的最高树木的顶部。D选项“下一层是由长着大叶子的矮植物组成。”承接上下句，符合题意。故选D。]
3．A　[根据设空处上句“While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain．”和其下句“These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruits．”可知，虽然大量的美洲虎在这里生存，但它们只是这片森林食物链的一部分。它们以至少87个物种为食，包括青蛙，这些青蛙转而以吃树叶和果实的昆虫为食。A选项“它们至少以87种物种为食，包括青蛙。”承接上下句，符合题意。故选A。]
4．B　[根据设空处上句“The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen．”可知，亚马孙雨林通过固定碳和生产地球上20%以上的氧气给地球带来了生机，因此，B选项“因此，它经常被称为‘地球之肺’。”承接上文，符合题意。故选B。]
5．G　[根据下文“As the impact of human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the‘lungs of the planet’？”可知，在过去的50年里，17%的雨林由于人类活动而消失，随着农业和养牛业等人类活动的影响持续增长并且濒临灭绝的物种的名单越来越长，这就给我们留下一个问题：我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗？G选项“在过去的50年里，17%的雨林由于人类活动而消失。”衔接下文。故选G。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
For centuries，Xizang has not been explored as much due to its remote 1．____________ (locate)，extreme climate and geographic environment．Since 2006，the Qinghai-Xizang Railway 2．____________(become) the most popular way to connect Xizang to the rest of China．3．____________(know) as the“sky road”and a man-made wonder in transportation，the railway begins in Xining and ends in Lhasa．The scenery along the railway offers not only a feast for the eyes，but also 4．________ journey for the soul．
Qinghai Lake is the 5．____________(large) inland lake in China．Be it the blue sky and water，the green grassland or breathtaking landscapes—Qinghai Lake has great charms that are worth exploring．It is 6．____________(definite) a perfect place for bird lovers as many different kinds of birds fly here in May and June due to the mild weather．
The high peaks of the Kunlun Mountains are covered with snow and mist all year round，7．____________(create) an amazing view．The geographic and severe climatic conditions have made this place a“forbidden zone for humans”，which is also a reason 8．____________ its biodiversity．
Lhasa offers almost every aspect of Tibetan culture．If one must pick a name card for Lhasa，the Potala Palace is very likely 9．____________(be) the answer．No one can really say that he has visited Lhasa 10．____________ he has been to the Potala Palace．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青藏铁路沿线的一些旅游胜地，包括青海湖、昆仑山脉和拉萨。
1．location　[考查词性转换。remote是形容词，修饰名词，且与extreme climate和geographic environment是并列成分，故用locate的名词形式location“位置”。故填location。]
2．has become　[考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Since 2006可知，应用现在完成时，主语是单数形式，助动词用has。故填has become。]
3．Known　[考查非谓语动词。固定搭配be known as“被称为”，省略be动词，使用过去分词作状语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Known。]
4．a　[考查冠词。此处泛指“一次旅程”，应用不定冠词，journey是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。]
5．largest　[考查形容词最高级。根据句意及空前冠词the可知，此处应用形容词最高级，意为“最大的内陆湖”。故填largest。]
6．definitely　[考查词性转换。此处修饰动词is，应用副词作状语。故填definitely。]
7．creating　[考查非谓语动词。此处表示前面动作产生的一种自然的结果，应用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填creating。]
8．for　[考查介词。此处表示“……原因”，应用介词for。故填for。]
9．to be　[考查固定搭配。固定搭配be likely to do sth．“很可能做某事”。故填to be。]
10．unless　[考查条件状语从句。根据句意可知，此处表示“除非”，应用unless引导条件状语从句。故填unless。]
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