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初高中衔接系列之一
句子成分
句子成分的定义。_______________________________。根据它们在句子中的不同作用分为__________________________________________。
主语(subject)：____________________________________
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等来充当。
1.Knowledge is power.（ ）
2.Who is speaking, please 请问你是哪位？（ ）
3.Two will be enough..（ ）
4.To see is to belive.（ ）眼见为实
5.Singing is one of my interests.（ ）
6.The rich should help the poor.（ ）
7.What he said hurt me.（ ）
（三）谓语(predicate)：________________________________。______在句中作谓语，一般放在________之后。无论这个动词是何种时态、语态、和语气，它都是谓语。
画出下列句子的谓语：
1.They arrived yesterday
2.Thousands of trees are planted every year.
3.They are swimming in the river.
（四）表语(predicative)：_______________________________，（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
1.He is an actor.（ ）
2.Oh ,that’s nothing.（ ）
3.She looked nervous.（ ）
4.She ‘s now twenty –two.（ ）
5.His job is to teach English.（ ）
6.His hobby（爱好）is playing basketball.（ ）
7.They are at work now.（ ）
8.The game is over.（ ）
9.This is where our basic interest lies.（ ）
（五）宾语(object)：①_____________________________动宾，一般位于_______和_______后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化形容词、不定式、动名词、及宾语从句表示
1.May I have your attention please.（ ）
2.Do your want anything to drink .（ ）
3.I need two. （ ）
4.Take the injured to hospital immediately. （ ）
5.Hope to see you soon. （ ）
6She enjoyed being praised. （ ）
7.Did you write down what he said （ ）
②介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake （ ）
Under the snow, there are many rocks.（ ）
③双宾语 ________________________________________
He gave me a book yesterday.（ ）
Give the poor man some money.（ ）
（六）宾语补足语（complement）：_________________________,带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
1.We must keep it a secret.（ ）
2We must keep the room clean. （ ）
3.She turned the light on. （ ）
4.Tell him to be more careful. （ ）
5.We saw the boy playing basketball in the garden. （ ）
6.We found everything in the room in good order. （ ）
7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. （ ）
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.（ ）
She was found singing in the next room.（ ）
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（ ）
（七）定语（attributive）：______________________________。定语可由形容词、分词、名词、代词、不定式、动名词等成分表示：
1.She is a beautiful girl. （ ）
2.Complete the following sentences. （ ）
3.cat food pocket money can opener（ ）
4.This could change our lives. （ ）
5.I want to get something to read（ ）
6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （ ）
7.He is reading an article about how to learn English. （ ）
（八）状语（adverbial）：___________________________.可由副词及副词词组、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、状语从句等形式表示：
1.Light travels most quickly. （ ）
2.He has lived in the city for ten years. （ ）
3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. （ ）
4.He is in the room making a model plane. （ ）
5.Wait a minute. （ ）
6.Once you begin, you must continue（ ）
状语种类如下：
1.I get up at seven o’ clock everyday.（时间状语）
2.She didn’t go to school because of illness.（原因状语）
3.We’ll set out if it is fine tomorrow.（条件状语）
4.Tom is studying in Beijing.（地点状语）
5.Please make a sentence using this phrase.（方式状语）
6.He sat there, reading a magazine.（伴随状语）
7.They stopped to have a good look at the scenery.（目的状语）
8.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.（结果状语）
9.Although he is young, he knows a lot.（让步状语）
10.He is taller than his father.（比较状语）
（九）同位语（appositive）
同位语 是位于名词或代词之后，与其指代同一事物并加以说明的并列名词、代词或从句，两者在语法上处于同等地位。
名词作同位语："Beijing, the capital of China, is bustling."（"the capital of China"说明"Beijing"）。
代词作同位语："We Chinese people are hardworking."（"Chinese people"解释"We"）。
从句作同位语："I heard the news that he resigned."（从句具体化"news"内容）。
练习一
用符号划出下列短文各句中的句子成分。主语用“=”、谓语“—”、宾语“﹏”定语“（）”状语“〈〉”补语“…”同位语“。。。”表示：
1. My pen pal, Mike,will come to our school to study next mouth. He is an American. He is fifteen. There are three people in his family. His father is an engineer,and his mother is a teacher. He is outgoing and he likes to help others. In his free time,he likes listening to pop-music and playing basketball. His parents and classmates all think that he is a lovely boy. He wants to learn Chinese,and he loves Chinese food. That‘s the reason why he will come to China. I hope you can make friends with him.
2. It was a fine day today and the sun was bright. I visited Beijing Zoo with my classmate, He Song. The animals were so interesting that all the people loved them. When a bear asked for some food by waving its arm, a visitor threw something to it. At once I went up to him and said without thinking, “Don’t do that. It’s bad for it. If you really love them, take good care of them.“ His face turned red and answered he wouldn’t do that again.

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