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(共31张PPT)
Getting along
2
Unit
Grammar
In this class,
we will
master the use of the present perfect tense.
use the present perfect tense to talk about your experience of sharing.
learn to use for and since in the present perfect tense.









Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules.
(a) The Giant has been away for a long time.
(b) Since then, he hasn't seen a child there.
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P23
Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage.
(c) “I cannot understand why spring has not come since last year,” says the Giant.
(d) I haven't heard that beautiful birdsong for a while.
表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，可以借助现在完成时。通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由 for 或 since 引导。
Watch the video and note the usage of present perfect with for and since.
根据时间轴和图片提示，借助since和for完成句子。
Past

Hammy
Present
has had this job
Monday
Sunday
has had
this job
for
a week
.
Hammy
has had
this job
since
Monday
.
for + 时间段since + 时间点
“since + 时间段 + ago”与“for + 时间段”有时可互换
a week ago
since
Thursday

Hammy
Sunday
hasn’t sold any popcorn
hasn’t sold
any popcorn
for
three days
.
since
Thursday
three days ago
since
Hammy had to eat all the popcorn.
Thursday
Hammy
Sunday
has got a stomach ache
has got
a stomach ache
for
three days
.
since
Thursday
since作连词时，主句通常用现在完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。
three days ago
since
hasn’t sold any popcorn
since
he ate all the popcorn three days ago
Hammy
has got
a stomach ache
for
three days
.
since
Thursday
three days ago
since
since
he ate all the popcorn three days ago
在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用_________
how long
Hammy
got
a stomach ache
How long
has

Hammy
has got
a stomach ache
for
three days
.
since
Thursday
three days ago
since
since
he ate all the popcorn three days ago
Hammy
got
a stomach ache
How long
has

for + 时间段
since + 时间段 + ago
since + 时间点
since + 从句（一般过去时）
提问以上部分时，常用how long
Conclusion
① I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer.
② I have stayed in the hotel for a week now.
③ I will stay in the hotel for a week next month.
1. 在表示某一行为或状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，选用不同的时态。
去年夏天我在这家酒店住了一周。
(讲去年夏天发生的事情，故用过去时)
迄今我已在这家酒店住了一周了。
(表示到现在为止已经住了一周，故用现在完成时)
下个月我要在这家酒店住一周时间。
(讲下个月的事情，故用一般将来时)
2. 在现在完成时的句子中，表示持续的动作或状态时，动词通常与表示时间段的时间状语连用；而表示动作已经完成时，动词不能与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
① Tom has been here for two hours.
② Tom has just come.
Tom 已经来了两小时了。
Tom 刚到。
3. 除表示经历、持续至今的行为或状态外，现在完成时还表示到目前为止量的累积。
① I have learnt twenty English songs.
② I have collected 300 stamps.
我已经学会了20首英文歌曲。
我已经收集了300枚邮票。
① I have seen that movie many times.
② I saw that movie last week.
现在完成时：
现在完成时与一般过去时
一、构成不同
我已经看过那部电影很多次了。
我上周看了那部电影。
一般过去时：
主语 + have/has + been/V-ed
主语 + 动词过去式
① I have already visited that museum.
I visited it last summer.
② I have already finished my homework.
I finished it an hour ago.
现在完成时表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于强调已完成动作对现在的影响。
二、用法不同
一般过去时表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。
我已经参观过那个博物馆了，去年夏天参观的。
我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。
现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。
① They have improved their skills
since last month.
② - Have you ever been to London
- No, I have never been there.
③ He visited his grandparents the day before yesterday.
④ We moved to this city in 2012.
三、时间状语不同
自上个月以来，他们的技能有所提高。
— 你曾经去过伦敦吗？
— 没有，以前从没去过。
他前天去看望了他的祖父母。
我们2012年搬到了这个城市。
一般过去时常与表过去的具体的时间状语连用。
此时的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“已经是足球俱乐部的成员了，所以现在不能再加入游泳俱乐部了”。
当 A 问对方何时买的书时，他想知道的是过去“买” 这个动作发生的具体的时间，故用一般过去时。但B的回答强调从过去开始持续到现在的一种状态，即拥有这本书的状态已经持续了大约 3 年，故用现在完成时。
A: Would you like to join the swimming club
B: Sorry, I have been a member of the football club.
A: When did you buy this book
B: I’m a little unsure about the time. I have had it for about 3 years.
当没有明确的过去时间状语时，判断该用现在完成时还是一般过去时的标准是：看该行为是否对现在有影响，即该句所强调的是什么。
这两组词有什么不同？为什么用现在完成时回答时要转换动词？
非延续性动词
延续性动词
★ 延续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作或表示状态的词，如work，stay，live，learn等。
★ 非延续性动词表示短暂的动作，从开始到结束，几乎同时或在极短的时间里就完成，如come，go，leave，start，begin，become，receive，die等。
1. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的定义
延续性动词与非延续性动词
Look at these sentences and check if they are right or wrong.
1 I have bought this book for 3 years.
2 I have joined the club since a week ago.
3 He has died for three years.
1 I have had this book for 3 years.
2 I have been a member of the club since a week ago.
3 He has been died for 3 years.
非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，在现在完成时肯定句中不可与表示一段时间的状语连用，应改用延续性动词。
Look at these two sentences. Do you think they are right or wrong
1 Hammy hasn’t sold any popcorn for 3 days.
2 I haven’t heard from him since March.
在现在完成时否定句中，因为非延续性动词的“非延续性”被否定，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用，说明某个动作一直没发生。
① 用相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性动词，如：
非延续性动词转换为表持续的动词或者表状态的短语后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。
2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换
borrow → keep
buy → have
become/ come/ go → be
put on → wear
② 将非延续性动词转换为be+ 介词短语，如：
③ 将非延续性动词转换为be+名词，如：
begin/ start → be on
finish → be over
go to school → be in school
join → be in +组织机构/ be a member of+ 组织机构
join the army → be a soldier
go to school → be a student
④ 用be+ adj./adv. 结构替换非延续性动词，如：
close/ open → be closed/open
come/ go back/ return → be back
come here → be here
fall asleep → be asleep
finish/ end → be over
marry → be married
die → be died
Complete the sentences with for or since.
1 We have been friends ______ Grade 3.
2 They have been together ______ three years.
3 ______ last year, we’ve shared a lot of happy moments.
6
P23
since
for
Since
Practice more.
1 I have known him ______ we were children.
2 He has worked in that company ______ three months.
3 The movie has been on ______ ten minutes.
4 We haven’t seen each other ______ last weekend.
since
for
for
since
Complete the news article with for, since and the correct form of the words in brackets.
7
P23
Most people hope to receive birthday gifts. But Jimmy
Teng, or “Uncle Jimmy”, does things differently.
The 74-year-old has sold ice creams ______ the past
17 years in Singapore.
Every year, on 22 March – his birthday – he ______ (offer) free ice creams. He has done this ______ his 70th birthday.
This year, Uncle Jimmy plans to give away 800 ice creams. “People __________ (be) quite stressed recently and I want to help,” he said. “Sharing has made me feel happy ______ the past four years.”
He ______ (enjoy) talking with his customers. Many of them have become his friends ______ they first met. Some students helped him set up social media pages. He has made many friends online ______ then.
for
offers
since
have been
for
enjoys
since
since
Work in pairs. Discuss your experience of sharing. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you.
8
P24
Useful expressions
I have shared... with... for / since...
Sharing really brings ...
Sharing has allowed / shown / taught me...
One day, ...
How does sharing make you feel
It makes me feel...
Example conversation
When did it happen
What happened
How did you feel about it
What have you learnt from it
One day last month.
I shared it with some kids.
I felt a deep sense of warmth and happiness.
I learnt that sharing can spread love.
Student 1: When did it happen
Student 2: It happened last year. It was our school trip to City Park.
Student 1: What happened
Student 2: My classmate Lin Mei forgot to bring her lunch. She was hungry and sad.
Student 1: That's really bad. Who helped her
Student 2: I shared my fried rice with her. Two other classmates shared their fruit and milk with her.
Student 1: You were really kind! How did you feel
Student 2: It made me feel happy.
Student 1: What have you learnt from it
Student 2: Sharing really brings us closer as friends. Since then, I've also shared many things with other friends.
Student 1: That's very nice.
( )1. Mrs Collins has worked for the company _________ twenty years.
A. on B. for C. from D. since
( )2. - _________ have you stayed in Wenzhou
- Since 2022.
A. How long B. How often
C. How far D. How soon
( )3. What’s happened to Tina She _________ to anyone for two days.
A. didn’t speak B. doesn’t speak
C. hasn’t spoken D. won’t speak
Ⅰ. 单项选择。
B
A
C
( )4. Mary and Paul _________ good friends since they _________ in middle school.
A. have become; meet B. have been; met
C. have become; met D. have been; meet
( )5. - The new dress looks good on you. When did you buy it
- Last Sunday. I _________ it for a week.
A. buy B. bought
C. have bought D. have had
B
D
Ⅱ. 完成句子。
A. 请将所给句子改写成意思相同的句子，每空一词。
1. The movie started ten minutes ago.
The movie __________________ for ten minutes.
2. Bob has taught maths for five years.
Bob has taught maths __________________.
3. Peter joined the Music Club two years ago.
Peter __________________ the Music Club for two years.
B. 根据所给汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
4. 自从去年买了汽车，史密斯先生就没有走路上班过。
Mr Smith __________________ to work since he bought a car last year.
5. 据我所知，米勒一家已离开两周了。
As far as I know, the Millers __________________ for two weeks.
has been on
since five years ago
has been in
hasn’t walked
have been away
1. Can you use present perfect tense with since and for correctly
2. Can you use the present perfect tense to talk about your experience of sharing
Write a paragraph about your experience of sharing using the present perfect tense.

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