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八上Unit1· 语法精讲
（一）复合不定代词
语法知识导图
语法精讲
考向1 复合不定代词的种类
分类 (-)one -body -thing
some- someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某事；某物
any- anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anything 任何事物
every- everyone所有人；每人 everybody 所有人；每人 everything 所有事物；一切
no- no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing 没有什么
Nothing can stop us from going forward. 没有什么能阻止我们前进。（作主语）
He didn't see anybody in the park. 他在公园里没看到任何人。（作宾语）
Money isn't everything. 金钱不是万能的。（作表语）
考向2 复合不定代词的用法
1. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
- Someone is knocking at the door. 有人在敲门。
- No one likes to fail. 没有人喜欢失败。
- Everything begins to grow in spring. 春天万物开始生长。
2. 复合不定代词被定语（形容词、不定式、else等）修饰时，定语要后置。
- I want to buy something special for my grandmother. 我想给我的奶奶买些特别的东西。
- Do you have anything to buy 你有什么要买的吗？
some-类和 any-类复合不定代词的用法区别
(1)some-类复合不定代词常用于肯定句;any-类复合不定代词常用于否定句和疑问句。
There is something wrong with my bike.我的自行车出问题了
Is there anyone at home 家里有人吗
The old lady couldn't see anything at all.那位老妇人根本什么都看不见 特别提醒
any-类复合不定代词也可用于肯定句,表示“随便哪个”
I'm so hungry,Ill eat anything.我饿慌了,随便吃什么都行。
(2)在表示请求、建议或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中,要用some-类复合不定代词。
Should we call a doctor or someone 我们要不要请个大夫什么的
Would you like something to drink 你想要喝点儿什么吗
every-类复合不定代词与not连用时,表示部分否定;若表示全部否定,则要用no-类复合不定代词或是在否定句中用any-类复合不定代词。
Not everyone knows her.不是所有人都认识她。(部分否定)
Nobody knows her.没有人认识她。(全部否定)
There isn't anyone in the classroom.教室里没有人。(全部否定)
翻译句子:
1.今天你有什么重要的事情要做吗 Do you have to ________ ________do today
2.今天所有事情进展顺利,我们玩得很开心。
Everything ________(go)well and we have great fun today. (go well“进展顺利”)
易混辨析 anywhere、somewhere、nowhere 与 everywhere 的用法区别
易混词 用法
anywhere | 意为“在任何地方；无论何处”，常用于否定句、疑问句中。
somewhere 意为“在某处”，常用于肯定陈述句中。
nowhere 意为“无处，哪里都不”，为否定词。
everywhere 意为“到处，处处”，常用于肯定句中。
易混辨析： nothing, none 与 no one 的用法区别
易混词（组） 用法 例句
nothing ①只指事物，不指人； ②回答 what 引导的问句，表示“没有事；什么也没有”； ③其作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 What is Jim wearing at the party 吉姆在聚会上穿着什么？ Nothing special. 没什么特别的。他穿着平时的衬衫。
none ①既可以指人，也可以指物； ②回答 how/many/much 引导的问句，表示“没有一个；毫无”； ③可以单独使用，也可和of连用；none of后接复数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可 Make sure that none of your relatives’ telephone numbers is wrong so that they can get the calls.
no one ①只能指人，不能指物； ②回答 who 引导的问句。 ③通常单独使用，不与of连用；其作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 No one is perfect in the world. Everyone has their own faults. 世界上没有人是完美的。每个人都有自己的缺点。 |
语法精练
一、单项选择
1. (2024 东营中考) —It is my first time to take a vacation in Dongying.
—Me too. ______ here is so nice. I love the city.
Nothing B. Anything
C. Something D. Everything
2. (2024 达州中考) —Tina, did you buy ________ when you went to Dazhou last month
—Of course. I bought some Dengying Beef for my parents.
anything special B. special anything
C. something special D. special something
3.—I heard that people in Paris stood in a long line to buy Chinese xiaolongbao.
—Yes, ________ could say no to it there.
everybody B. nobody
C. somebody D. anybody
二、从方框中选择适当的词填空，每词限用一次(有两词为多余项)
anything nothing something somebody everybody anybody
4..-Would you like ______to drink -Yes, please.
5.. Don't be afraid of changes because _____will stay the same forever(永远).
6. ______should work hard to make China stronger and stronger.
7.. Don't tell _________about it.It's a secret between us.
(二）一般过去时
考向1 一般过去时的基本用法**
1. 表示在过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week, in 2020, two years ago等。
Tom asked me a funny question yesterday. 昨天汤姆问了我一个好笑的问题。
-Marco Polo began his travels to Asia in 1271. 1271年，马可·波罗开始了他的亚洲之行。
2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的副词连用。
He often ran in the morning last year. 去年他经常在早上跑步
考向2 一般过去时的基本句式
句子类型 含系动词be 含行为动词
肯定句 主语 + was/were + 其他 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 其他 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他
一般疑问句 肯否回答 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn't.
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？ 特殊疑问词+ did +主语+动词原形+其他？
Chen Jie was in the library yesterday.陈洁昨天在图书馆里。
Chen Jie wasn't in the library yesterday.陈洁昨天不在图书馆里。
Was Chen Jie in the library yesterday 陈洁昨天在图书馆里吗
考向3 动词过去式的变化规则
规则变化
规则 例词
一般情况，直接+ed play—played offer—offered
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，直接+d like—liked hate—hated
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,变 y 为 i，再+ ed cry—cried study—studied
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，每个辅音字母的动词再加-ed plan—planned stop—stopped
不规则变化：不规则动词的过去式变化需要特殊记忆
语法精炼
一、根据所给提示填写单词
1.Yesterday, we ______ (work) out the problem with our teacher's help.
2. I ______ (see) some firemen in the street a moment ago.
3. I ______ (play) basketball with my friends yesterday.
二、按要求完成句子，每空一词
4. They went to the zoo last Sunday. (对画线部分提问)
______ ________ they ______ last Sunday
5. He went to Beijing last year. (改为一般疑问句)
______ he ______ to Beijing last year
6.I was at home yesterday. (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)
______ you at home yesterday —No, I ______.
7.Ms. Jones put some butter on the bread.(改为否定句)
Ms. Jones ______put ______butter on the bread.
三、单项选择
8. —What did you do last Saturday, Tina
—I ______ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there.
A. go B. went C. will go D. was going
9. (2024 呼和浩特中考) In China, hot pot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first ______ in the Mongolian area, and then became popular in the southern part of China.
A. has appeared B. appears
C. will appear D. appeared
10. —Tina, what did you do for your mom on her birthday
—I ______ her some flowers and a birthday cake.
A. buy B. bought C. will buy D. buying

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