资源简介

Unit 1
Section 1 Reading
Look it up！
学习目标
I can：
identify what kinds of information are usually included in an encyclopaedia.
look up information in print or online encyclopaedias.
talk about the history of encyclopaedias.
use information from encyclopaedias to write an entry about a subject.
01
新
课
导
入
03
应
用
实
践
06
回
顾
总
结
07
随
堂
小
练
02
学
习
理
解
04
迁
移
创
新
05
考
点
速
递
学习内容
新课导入
1
An encyclopaedia is a collection (usually a book or set of books) of information about things humans know.

What is an encyclopaedia?
an encyclopaedia
What can we learn from an encyclopaedia
We can learn knowledge from many areas. Such as , Science, History, Geography,
Culture, Technology and Industry, Society and Economics
From an encyclopaedia, you can look up somebody famous or something unusual, such as the famous figure Leonardo da Vinci,
Dinosaurs and so on…
Leonardo da Vinci
A dinosaur
In an encyclopedia, there are many entries. First, you need to choose under which subject the information you want to find is located, and then look it up.
History
Geography & Places
Culture & Arts
The living world
学习理解
02
1.Search by keyword,
2.Check the index or search bar,
3.Find the entry,
4.Read it.
How do you find information in an encyclopaedia?
Think
Before you read
Su Wen is looking through a children's encyclopaedia. It has different subjects. He finds an entry about Leonardo da Vinci under the subject of “Culture and arts”, and an entry about dinosaurs under the subject of “The living world”. What do you know about these two topics?
An entry about
Culture and arts
An entry about
The living world
1 Complete a mini-quiz about Leonardo da Vinci.
(1) Where was Leonardo da Vinci from?
a France b Italy c the UK
(2)Which of the following was Leonardo da Vinci not good at?
a music b engineering c sailing
(3) Which painting is Leonardo da Vinci famous for?
a Sunflowers b Mona Lisa c Impression, Sunrise
2 Look at the facts about dinosaurs and see if you can work out what number goes in each of the blanks.
Numbers: 66 180 1,000
Facts about dinosaurs
(1) Dinosaurs lived on the Earth for more than______
million years.
(2) Dinosaurs died out about ________ million years ago.
(3) There are more than__________ dinosaurs known
species of
(You will find most of the answers in an encyclopaedia.)
1,000
180
66
Read the two entries from a children’s encyclopaedia to learn more about Leonardo da Vinci and dinosaurs.
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian painter,
inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science.
Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles.
Culture and arts
The living world
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. They are related to crocodiles , snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today's birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”.
Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants.
Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by studying their fossils.
Scanning
When you need to find certain information in a text, you do not have to read every word. Instead, you can move your eyes quickly over the text until you find the information you need. This is called scanning.
Can you quickly find the information about when dinosaurs first appeared in the second entry?
About Da Vinci
I. Read the first article and answer the questions.
1. What was Leonardo Da Vinci?
He was a painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.
2. When and where was Da Vinci born?
He was born in the countryside of Italy in 1452.
3. When did he die?
He died in 1519.
4. Which of his paintings was the most famous?
The Mona Lisa.
5. What can we find in his notebooks?
We can find some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles.
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}Da Vinci Leonardo
Year of birth
Country of birth:
Year of death
Profession(s)：
Most famous artwork：
Childhood
Adulthood
Contributions
1452
the countryside, Italy
1519
painter, inventor,
musician, engineer and scientist
showed great intelligence and artistic ability
learnt to do many different things
famous paintings, like the Mona Lisa, and many inventions
III. In pairs, talk about Da Vinci according to the chart.
the Mona Lisa,
Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.
Some could even fly.
However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.
We can learn about them from their fossils.
Read the second article. Find one or two sentences from the article to match each picture.
Dinosaurs
They lived everywhere on Earth.
Others were as big as ten elephants.
Many dinosaurs ate plants.
Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.
About Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years.
II. Read the second article and answer the questions.
1. When did dinosaurs live on Earth?
They lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.
2. Where did dinosaurs live?
They lived everywhere on Earth.
3. Were dinosaurs small or big?
Some were small and others were big.
4. What did dinosaurs eat?
Many dinosaurs ate plants and some ate meat.
5. How do we know about dinosaurs?
We know about dinosaurs from their fossils.
Time period:
Size：

Diets：
Animals related to dinosaurs：
Things scientists are not sure about:
first appeared around 245 million years ago
and ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years
Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat.
Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants.
crocodiles , snakes and lizards.
Why dinosaurs suddenly died out
应用实践
03
2 The two encyclopaedia entries are from different subjects of the same encyclopaedia. Under which subjects should we put the following entries?
Claude Monet insects the giant panda
Festivals Ludwig van Beethoven types of plants
Culture and arts:______________________________________
The living world:______________________________________
Claude Monet Festivals Ludwig van Beethoven
insects the giant panda types of plants
Vocabulary practice
1 The words in italics explain the meanings of four words and one phrase from the encyclopaedia entries on page 5. Find them and complete the sentences.
(1)Some animals are highly__________(line 3). They are so smart that they can be trained to understand some human language.
(2)My brother is a very________(line 4) piano player. He has a natural ability to play very well from a young age.
(3)Kate's_______(line 8) ability is amazing: she is very good at drawing.
(4)People say that________(line 12) without drivers will be quite normal in the future. It will be very common to see a bus or car without a driver!
⑸ The dodo, a large bird that couldn't fly, _______(line 21) hundreds of years ago, so there aren’t any living dodos on Earth.
intelligent
talented
artistic
vehicles
died out
2 Here's more information from the encyclopaedia. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below. Change the form if necessary.
a type of die out perhaps prehistoric related to
In the 1990s, researchers in China discovered something surprising about dinosaurs: some of these (1)__________animals had feathers. This discovery helped explain the connection between birds and dinosaurs.
In fact, dinosaurs are the ancestors of all birds. Birds developed from (2)______ two-legged, meat-eating dinosaurs called theropods(兽脚类恐龙）.(3)_______ you’ve seen exciting movies about dinosaurs like T-Rex(霸王龙）.Well, those huge dinosaurs come from the same family as birds. Today's ducks and chickens aren't scary, but they are actually (4)_________T-Rex! In one way, the dinosaurs never(5)________completely—they just became smaller.
prehistoric
a type of
perhaps
related to
die out
迁移创新
04
3 Write about a talented person. Use the expressions below.
be born in ... from an early age change the way...
be talented in... learn to do show... talent
1.Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879.?
2.From an early age, he showed great curiosity about the world around him.?
3.He was extremely talented in physics and spent a lot of time thinking about
complex problems.?
4.Einstein learned to do scientific research independently and never stopped exploring new ideas.?
5.His famous theory of relativity showed his amazing talent in understanding
the universe.?
6. Albert Einstein changed the way people understood time, space, and gravity.
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. From an early age, he showed great curiosity about the world around him. He was extremely talented in physics, which made him spend a lot of time thinking about complex problems. As he grew up, he learned to do scientific research independently and never stopped exploring new ideas. His famous theory of relativity showed his amazing talent in understanding the universe. Finally, Albert Einstein changed the way people understood time, space, and gravity. His work has had a huge influence on modern science, and he will always be remembered as one of the most talented scientists in history.
Noun suffixes: -ist, -ian
We can add -ist or -ian to the end of some words to make nouns, referring to a person.
science―scientist music—musician
Can you give more examples?
在初中英语词汇中，有不少单词加上 “-ist” 或 “-ian” 能变成指人的名词。下面为你列举一些常见例子：
art―artist （艺术家）
history―historian（历史学家） biology―biologist（生物学家）
chemistry―chemist（化学家） magic―magician（魔术师）
piano―pianist（钢琴家） violin―violinist（小提琴家）
politics―politician（政治家） mathematics―mathematician（数学家）
考点速递
05
1.Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. （达?芬奇极为聪慧，在许多不同领域都拥有非凡天赋。）From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. （幼便展现出卓越的智慧与艺术才华。）
Intelligent 形容词（adj.）聪明的；有才智的；智能的
an intelligent student 聪明的学生
intelligent robots 智能机器人
She is intelligent and hard - working.她既聪明又勤奋。
Intelligence 名词（n.）智力；才智；智慧；
Artificial Intelligence 人工智能。缩写 AI
human intelligence人类智力
showed great intelligence 展现出卓越的智慧
talent 名词（n.）天赋；才能；人才
She has a lot of talent for music.她很有音乐天赋。
He is a young man with many talents.他是个多才多艺的年轻人。
固定搭配：
have a talent for (doing) sth：在某方面有天赋。
The boy has a natural talent for drawing.这个男孩有绘画的天赋。
talent show 才艺表演
talented（形容词）有天赋的；有才能的；多才多艺的
She is a talented artist.她是一位有才华的艺术家。
be talented in 在某领域有才能 / 天赋
He is talented in math.他在数学方面有天赋。
She is talented in playing the piano.她擅长弹钢琴。
2.Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. （达?芬奇出生于意大利乡村。）
(1)born v. (be born) 出生be born… 意为“出生……”，其中动词be通常用was或者were。be born 后可接形容词，名词或介词短语，其所表达的意思也不同。
★ be born + adj. / n. 意为“生来……”。
例：玛丽生来就很幸福。Mary was born happy.
汤姆生为英国人。Tom was born English.
★be born + in / on 意为“出生在……”，
例：他出生在广州。He was born in Guangzhou.
★be born + to / in / into 意为“降生到……” ，多指降生到某家庭。
例：1867年，居里夫人出生在一个教师家庭。
In 1867, Madam Curie was born to / in / into a teacher’s family.
3.For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles.（例如，他的笔记中包含一些飞行器和其他交通工具的有趣设计图。）
1) for example 意为“例如”，后面要有逗号一般举同类人或物中“一个”为例。用于句首、句中、句末均可。such as 后面不可有逗号。一般列同类人或事物中的几个例子，用于句中。
For example, I have trouble in reading. 比如，我在阅读方面有困难。
He likes eating fruit such as apples, pears and bananas. 他喜欢吃水果，比如苹果、梨、香蕉。
2.include v. 包括；包含
include 是及物动词，侧重被包括者只是整体的一部分。例如：
这价钱包括邮费在内。 The price includes the postage.
她的爱好包括画画和跳舞。Her hobbies include painting and dancing.
including 除了是 include 的非谓语动词之外，还可作介词，后面常接名词或代词构成介宾短语，意思是“包括……在内”。
including 一般用在逗号后面，或者是冒号前面，有时也可以放在句子中间。例如：
有很多不同种类的月饼，包括水果、咖啡和冰皮月饼。
There are many different kinds of mooncakes, including fruit, coffee and ice.
这一组是由五个人组成的，包括两名女性。
This group is made up of 5 people, including 2 women.
4.They are related to crocodiles , snakes and lizards. 它们与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴有亲缘关系。
1.relate 动词（v.）联系；讲述（故事等）；涉及作不及物动词（+ to）“与…… 相关 / 有关联”
This study relates to environmental protection.这项研究与环境保护有关。
作及物动词（+ sth）表示 “讲述（故事、经历等）”
He related his adventures in the jungle.他讲述了自己在丛林中的冒险经历。
表示 “使相互关联”（常与 to/with 连用）
We need to relate theory to practice.我们需要将理论与实践联系起来。
【同根词】
1. related（形容词）相关的；有亲属关系的
Please read the related articles before the discussion.讨论前请阅读相关文章。
Are you related to the actor?你和那位演员有亲属关系吗？
2. relation（名词）关系；关联；亲属
The relation between diet and health is obvious.饮食与健康的关系显而易见。
She has many relations in Canada.她在加拿大有很多亲属。
3. relationship名词。关系；感情关系。强调具体的互动或情感联系
They have a close relationship with their neighbors.他们和邻居关系很亲密。
The relationship between the two companies is cooperative.两家公司之间是合作关系。
4.be related to
（1）与…… 相关 / 有关联
His question is related to the topic we discussed yesterday. 他的问题和我们昨天讨论的主题相关。
Smoking is closely related to lung cancer.吸烟与肺癌密切相关。
（2）与…… 有亲属关系（课本用法）
she related to you? 她和你有亲属关系吗？
He is related to the former president by marriage.他和前任总统是姻亲关系。
{46F890A9-2807-4EBB-B81D-B2AA78EC7F39}词性 / 结构
核心含义
例句对比
relate（动词）
联系；讲述
She?related?how she overcame difficulties.
她讲述了如何克服困难。
related（形容词）
相关的；有亲属关系的
Related?issues will be discussed next.
接下来将讨论相关问题。
be related to
与……相关 / 有亲属关系
Her job?is related to?computer programming.
她的工作与计算机编程相关。
relation/relationship
关系；亲属
The?relationship?between them improved over time. 他们之间的关系逐渐改善。
5.Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs. 恐龙生活在陆地上，用两条或四条腿行走。
either...or... 的用法：并列连词短语，用于连接两个平行的句子成分（如名词、动词、形容词、短语或从句），表示“要么…… 要么……”“不是…… 就是……”，强调两者中的选择关系。
1. 连接并列主语
谓语动词遵循就近原则（即与靠近谓语的主语保持一致）。例：
Either you or he is responsible for this task.
要么你，要么他要负责这项任务。
Either the students or the teacher has the key.
要么学生们，要么老师有钥匙。
2. 连接并列宾语
You can choose either tea or coffee.你可以选择茶或咖啡。
3. 连接并列谓语动词
He will either study medicine or pursue a career in engineering.
他要么学医，要么从事工程行业。
They either forget to call or lose your number.
他们要么忘记打电话，要么弄丢了你的号码。
4. 连接并列表语
The problem is either lack of time or lack of money.
问题要么是缺少时间，要么是缺少资金。
6. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. 恐龙体型各异：有些像鸡一样小，而另一些则有十头大象那么大。
(1) 句型一
some… others… 意为“一些……另一些……”这里的others不是特指剩余的全部，而是指剩余中的一些，可能还有其他剩余的。
some…the others… 意为“一些……其余的……”，这里的“其余的”，指的是剩余的全部。
Some people are singing. Others are dancing. 一些人在唱歌，另一些人在跳舞。（可能还有其他人在做别的事情。）
Some people are singing. The others are dancing. 一些人在唱歌，剩下的所有人在跳舞。
(2) 句型二
as…as… 意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。常用基本结构为：
as + adj. / adv. + as，其否定结构为：not as / so + adj. / adv. + as
这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
This film is as interesting as that one.
这本字典没有那本字典厚。
This dictionary is not as / so thick as that one.
7.Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. 恐龙统治地球超过 1.8 亿年。
rule
1. 作名词：规则；规定；章程
follow a rule 遵守规则 break a rule 违反规则
set/make a rule 制定规则 obey a rule 服从规则
Students must follow the school rules. 学生必须遵守校规。
She broke the rule by arriving late again. 她又迟到了，违反了规定。
2. 作动词：统治；管理；控制
rule a country/nation 统治国家
rule over sb./sth. 统治 / 管理某人 / 某物
The king ruled the kingdom for 20 years. 这位国王统治王国达 20 年之久。
In ancient times, emperors ruled over vast territories. 在古代，皇帝统治着辽阔的疆域。
8.About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. Scientists are not completely sure why. 约 6600 万年前，恐龙突然灭绝。科学家尚未完全确定其灭绝原因。
die 动词（v.）死亡；消失；熄灭
1.die out 灭绝，消失
恐龙是如何灭绝的？ How did the dinosaurs die out?
每年有很多的动植物灭绝。Every year, many animals and plants die out.
2.die of/from：因…… 而死（具体死因）
die of 常接内部原因（疾病、饥饿、衰老等）：He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
die from 常接外部原因（事故、创伤、环境等）：She died from a car accident.（她死于车祸。）
3.die down：逐渐减弱；平息（指声音、火势、情绪等）
The wind died down in the evening.（风在傍晚逐渐平息。）
【同根词】
1. dead（形容词）死的；无生命的；失效的
The bird is dead.这只鸟死了。
He found a dead tree in the garden.他在花园里发现了一棵枯树。
dead end：死胡同；绝境
2. death（名词）死亡；去世；毁灭
The death of her pet made her very sad.宠物的死亡让她很难过。
His sudden death shocked everyone.他的突然去世让所有人震惊。
3. dying（形容词 / 动词现在分词）垂死的；临终的；即将消失的
The dying man whispered his last words.垂死的人低声说出了最后遗言。
This traditional art form is dying.这种传统艺术形式正在消亡。
动词短语：be dying to do 渴望做
{93296810-A885-4BE3-A3E7-6D5BEEA58F35}词性 / 结构
核心含义
例句对比
die（动词）
死亡（动作）
He?died?peacefully in his sleep.
他在睡梦中平静地去世。
dead（形容词）
死的（状态）
The?dead?leaves fell to the ground.
枯叶落到了地上。
death（名词）
死亡（抽象概念）
Smoking increases the risk of?death.吸烟增加死亡风险。
dying（形容词）
垂死的；即将消失的
The?dying?fire needed more wood.
快熄灭的火需要添柴。
回顾总结
06
1.学习本章节出现的单词和短语。
2. 阅读理解2篇来自百科全书的文章。
3.初步掌握来自百科全书文章的特点。
1.was unusually talented in
2.was born
3.in the countryside
4.showed great intelligence
5. think about
6.be related to
7.come from
8.come in different sizes.
9.as small as
10.more than
11.die out
12.either….or
在…… 方面异常有天赋
出生
在乡下
展现出极高的智慧
思考；考虑
与…… 有关/与…… 有亲属关系
来自
有不同的尺寸
和…… 一样小
多于；超过
灭绝；消失
要么…… 要么……；不是…… 就是……
短语
课堂小练
07
一、根据首字母或者完成单词
1._________(恐龙)lived on the earth a long time ago.
2. I write new English words in my _______（笔记本）every day.
3. _________（可能）he forgot to bring his homework to school.
4. My dog is very i__________; it can understand many commands.
5. She is a t___________ singer and won the school music competition.
6. Her room is full of a___________ decorations, like paintings and sculptures.
7. Cars and buses are common v__________ in cities.
8. Can you r_______ what you learned to your daily life?
9. The movie was so boring that I c__________ fell asleep.
10. Mozart was a musical g______ who started composing as a child.
11. The package i_________ a pen, a ruler, and a book.
12. The teacher r______ the class with kindness and patience.
Dinosaurs
Perhaps
notebook
intelligent
talented
artistic
vehicles
relate
completely
genius
includes
rules
二、用词的适当形式填空
1. She not only loves music but also has a _________ talent for playing the piano, and she hopes to become a famous __________ one day.(music)
2. The _______ created a useful_________ and planned _________ more things in the future.(invent)
3. She shows great __________ in math, and her_________ answers always surprise the teacher. (intelligent)
4. She has a natural _______for painting, and everyone agrees she is a _______ artist. (talent)
5. The ______ created an amazing piece of______ that impressed everyone at the gallery.(art)
6. The _________ loves _________ and studies stars every day. (science)
7. The students read the instructions as ________ as they could to avoid mistakes. (careful)
8. She loves ________landscapes, and her latest _______ won first prize in the competition. (paint)
9. The meal will________ rice, vegetables, and chicken, ________ your favorite fish. (include)
10. She _________ her homework quickly and ___________ forgot about her piano lesson. (complete)
musical
musician
inventor invention to invent
intelligence intelligent
talent talented
artist art
Scientist science
carefully
to paint painting
include including
completed completely
三、完成句子
1.她在钢琴演奏方面很有天赋，经常在学校活动中表演。
She ___ _________ _____ _________the piano and often performs at school events.
2. Deepseek在解决数学题方面展现出极高的智慧，常常比其他软件更快找到解法
Deepseek ______ _____ _____________ ______ solving math problems, often finding solutions faster than other softwares.
3. 他的咳嗽与寒冷天气有关。
His cough _____ ________ _______ the cold weather.
4.到现在为止，要么医生，要么护士们已经检查了病人的基本情况。
So far, ________the nurses____ the doctor _____ ________ the patient’s basic situation.
5.阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦改变了人们理解时间、空间和引力的方式。
Albert Einstein _________ ______ ______ people understood time, space, and gravity.
is talented in playing
shows great intelligence in
is related to
Either or has checked
changed the way
6.我出生在城市里，但早年生活在乡下。
I ____ _____ in the city but I lived ____ ______ ___________in my early ages.
7. 我们应该保护那些濒危动物，不然它们很快就会灭绝。
We should protect the animals in danger, or they will _____ _____ soon.
8. 我也不知道这个词的意思，你可以在词典里查找。
I don’t know the meaning of this word either. You can _____ ___ ___ in a dictionary.
9. 这个箱子和那个一样重。
This box is ____ _____ _____ that one.
10. 有的学生在扫地，有的学生在擦窗户。
_____ students are sweeping the floor, _____ are cleaning the windows.
die out
look it up
as heavy as
Some
others
was born in the countryside

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