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2025新人教版八年级英语上册第二单元知识点检测练习题
【知识点一】 Mum, can I invite my friends to our new house
妈妈，我可以邀请我的朋友来我们的新家吗？
【知识点拨】 invite 动词 意思为邀请“”
常见用法：
【拓展】
invite其名词形式为invitation，意为＂邀请；请帖＂。
make an invitation 提出/发出邀请
accept an invitation 接受邀请
decline/refuse an invitation 婉拒/拒绝邀请
【即学即用】
( ) 1. I’m glad to get your ________．
A．invite B．invitation C．invites D．inviting
( ) 2. Thanks a lot for ________ me ________ your dancing party.
A．invite;for B．invite;to C．inviting;for D．inviting;to
【知识点二】 I can’t wait to show them our new house.
我迫不及待地想向他们展示我们的新房子。
【知识点拨1】 wait 动词，意思为“等候、等待”
（1）wait for sb./sth.表示“等待某人/某物”。
例句：I'm waiting for my friend at the school gate. 我正在学校门口等我的朋友。
（2）can't wait to do sth.：表示“迫不及待地做某事”。
例句：The children can't wait to open their presents. 孩子们迫不及待地想打开他们的礼物。
（3）wait a moment：意为“等一会儿”
【知识点拨2】 show的用法
【即学即用】
( ) 1. The little boy ________ play with his new toys.
A．can’t wait B．can’t wait for C．can’t wait to D．can wait to
( ) 2. Who are you waiting ________ the bus stop
A．for at B．for C．at D．for on
( ) 3. Fathers’ Day is coming. How will you show your love ________ your father
A．for B．to C．in D．at
( ) 4. —Mr Wang is new here. Can you show him _________ our school
—No problem. Let’s go.
A．of B．around C．in D．at
( ) 5. Mr. Wang was a proud man and he liked _______ his strength all the time.
A．showing off B．to show around C．show up D．showing up
【知识点三】 But their room is already clean! 但是他们的房间已经很干净了！
Well, it’s not “grandma clean” yet. 不过，还没有达到“奶奶级别的干净”。
【知识点拨】
already “已经”，常用于肯定句。 Mr. Li is already 70 years old. 李先生已经70岁了。
still “仍然”；惊讶某事仍在继续，比预期结束得晚。 She may be still at work. 她可能仍然在工作。
yet “已经；还”；用于否定句和疑问句中，多与现在完成时连用。 He isn’t up yet. 他还没起床。
【即学即用】
( )1．—Have you had your lunch ________
—Not ________.
A．yet; yet B．yet; already C．already; yet D．already; /
2、用already，yet或still填空。
1）. Although I’m tired, I’m ________ working to finish the job on time.
2）. —Would you like to come to my home this Sunday
—Sorry, I’m not sure ________.
3). There is ________ a dictionary in my schoolbag, so I don’t want more.
【知识点四】 Grandpa likes reading books in front of the window.
爷爷喜欢在窗前看书。
【知识点拨】
（1）in front of... 在……（外部的）前面 反义词 behind在……后面
例句： The cat is in front of the bus. 那只猫在公共汽车的前面。
（2） in the front of... 在……（里面的）前部 反义词组 at the back of...在……后面
例句：The driver is in the front of the bus. 司机在公共汽车的前部。
【即学即用】
( )1. The teacher’s desk is _______ our classroom and our English teacher likes standing _______ it .
A. in front of; in the front of B. in front of; in front of
C. in the front of; in front of D. in the front of; in the front of
( )2. I am sitting ___________ the bus. A man is standing ___________ me.
A. in front of; in front of B. in the front of; in the front of
C. in front of; in the front of D. in the front of; in front of
【知识点五】 Can I put some flowers by the window
我可以放些花在窗边吗？
【知识点拨】 by+地点，表示位置，在...旁边
例句: I’m sitting by the pool and drinking orange juice.
一、by的其他用法
1. by+交通工具，表示交通出行方式，乘,坐...(交通工具) by bus/bike/train
2. by+时间，表示在...之前，不迟于...,截止到...
e.g. Mom told him to come back home by 10:00.
3. by+ doing, 通过某种方式 by writing a letter
4. by+付款方式，用...付款， We can pay it by Wechat.我们可用用微信付款
5. by+百分比，以...的幅度 increase by 10% 增长了10%
6.动词+by, 表示经过，路过 walk/pass by走过、经过
7.被动语态+by+动作的执行者 被...怎么样
8.by表示由...所做 The music by Mozart is famous all over the world.
9．by表示方法，手段，翻译为”根据,凭借，以...” Don’t judge a book by its cover.
二、by的固定搭配
by the way顺便说一下 by accident/chance 偶然地 by mistake错误地
by the end of截止到...时间 by oneself独自地，亲自地 by hand =hand-made手工地
word by word逐字地 one by one一个接着一个 step by step逐步地
bit by bit=little by little 一点点地 by the time到...为止 drop by顺便拜访
by all means千方百计 by no means绝不是 by turns轮流，依次
by nature 天生地 by sea乘船 / by the sea在海边 by heart牢记，熟记
【即学即用】
( )1. Roy usually goes to school ________ bus, but today he goes to school ________ his father’s car.
A．by; by B．by; on C．on; in D．by; in
( )2. The telephone is ________ the window.
A．with B．in C．by D．to
3. John is afraid to stay at home (他自己).
4. Will the rain stop (在……之前)12:00
【知识点六】 add things to their room 往他们的房间添置物品
【知识点拨】 add 动词 意思为“增加；添加” ，指在原有的基础上再添加。
例句： Please add some salt to the soup. 请往汤里加点盐。
【易混辨析】 add ... to...与add to
（1）add... to...意思为“把……加到……上，把……加到……中”。如果to的宾语在上文中已经提到，则可省略宾语和to。
例句：This soup is too salty. Please add some hot water (to the soup). 这汤太咸了。请加些热水。
（2）add to意思为“增加，增添”。
例句：Your coming added to our pleasure. 你的到来增加了我们的快乐。
【即学即用】
( )1.If you add three ________ nine, you will get twelve.
A．up B．on C．to D．in
( )2.Don't forget to add some eggs _________ the flour．
A．and B．to C．for D．with
【知识点七】 Helen, can I borrow your chess set 海伦，我可以借用你的棋盘吗？
【知识点拨】 borrow为动词，意指从某人处借出某物。
【例句】 She always borrows pens from me, and I hate that.她总是问我借笔，我很讨厌这样。
【辨析】
borrow “借入”，指向他人借东西，borrow sth. from sb. 意为“向某人借某物”
lend “借出”，指把东西借给别人，lend sth. to sb.，lend sb. sth.，意为“把某物借给某人”，过去式为lent.
keep borrow属于短暂性动词，若与时间段连用，要用延续性动词keep
例句： He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他从银行借了很多钱。
I don’t like to lend my TV set to Tom. 我不想把电视机借给Tom。
Can I keep the book a little longer 我借这本书的时间能长点吗？
【即学即用】
( )1．—Could I ______ a dictionary from you, Paul
—Sorry, I ______ it to Mary yesterday.
A．borrow; lend B．lend; borrowed C．borrow; lent D．lent; borrowed
2. 选词填空
borrow lend keep
1）. You can ________ my computer for one month if you take good care of it.
2）. —Excuse me, can I ________ your pen —Sorry, I have lent it to Bob.
3）. I refuse to ________ my money to him, because I don’t know when he will give it back to me.
【知识点八】 Could I hang out with my friends after lunch
午饭后，我可以和我朋友们出去闲逛吗？
【知识点拨】
（1）hang out常用于美语口语中，还可以表示“常去某处；泡在某处”。
例句: Where do you hang out these days 这些日子你们都在什么地方闲逛？
（2）hang意为 “悬挂；垂下”，可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。
例句：The curtains hang well. 窗帘挂得很好。
（3）hang表示“悬挂”，“吊”的意思时，是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词形式都是hung；hang还可意为“绞死”，此时是规则动词，其过去式和过去分词均为hanged。
例句： The students hung a map of China on the wall. 学生们把一幅中国地图挂在墙上。
The criminal was hanged. 罪犯被处以绞刑。
hang的过去式巧记：规则的绞死不规则的挂
【即学即用】
( )1．He ______the picture on the wall.
A．hanged B．hung C．has hanged D．was hanged
( )2．—Jack，please hang ______ with us tomorrow night．
—OK．That’s great．
A．／ B．out C．from D．for
( )3．He ______with his friends last Sunday.
A．hang out B．hangs out C．hung out D．hung off
【知识点九】 You want to call your parents, but your phone is dead.
你想给父母打电话，但手机没电了。
【知识点拨】 dead形容词，意为“不运行的，死的，无生命的”。表示“死的；失去生命的”，常用来描述人、动物或植物等。
die 动词 死亡；是非延续性动词，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。
dead 形容词 死的，失去生命的；表示状态，可以同表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表达“死了多长时间”用“have/has been dead for +时间段”或“died+时间段+age。
death 名词 死亡
dying 形容词 垂死的
常用短语：
（1）die from 意为“由于……而死”, 但一般常用于由外伤、衰老引起的死亡。
例如：The old man died from a car accident last year.这个老人去年死于一场车祸。
（2）die of意思同die from, 但它一般指由于疾病、情感等原因引起的死亡。
例如：His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992. 他的祖父1992年死于肝癌。
（3）die off 意为“相继死去”； die out 意为“（家族、物种等）灭绝；绝迹”。
例如：Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. 恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了。
【即学即用】
( ) 1. Because of the ________ of her pet dog, Jenny was so sad and cried for a long time.
A. die B. death C. dead D. dying
( ) 2. The plants are _______. Some day they will _______ forever.
A. dying off; die out B. dying away; die off
C. dying down; die out D. dying out; die away
【知识点十】 At the end of the road, I saw Grandpa and my little cousin standing in the cold wind waiting for us. 在路的尽头，我看到外公和我的表弟站在寒风中等我们。
【知识点拨1】at the end of 意为＂在……的末尾；在……尽头＂，可以表示地点，也可以表示时间。
例句：You can see a bookshop at the end of the road. 在路的尽头你会看到一家书店。
At the end of the month, we’ll have an exam. 在这个月末，我们将会考试。
注意：表示＂在……的开始＂用at the beginning of。
【拓展】
①by the end of...意为＂到……末为止＂，常与过去完成时态连用。
例句：We had learned 1,000 words by the end of last month.
到上个月末为止，我们已经学了1000个单词。
②in the end意为＂最后；终于＂，常在句中作状语，可置于句首或句末，与at last或finally同义。
例句：He found the bag in the end.最后他找到了包。
【知识点拨2】
①see sb. doing sth. 表示＂看到某人正在做某事＂，doing sth作宾语补足语，强调动作正在进行。
②see sb do sth表示＂看到某人做了某事＂，强调看到动作经常发生或看到动作发生的全过程。
例句：I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调＂我看见了＂这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调＂我见他正干活＂这个动作）
【即学即用】
（ ）1. We will have an exam ______ the month．
A．at the end B．in the end of
C．at the end of D．by the end
（ ）2．______, he decided to go abroad for further study．
A．In the end B．At the end
C．By the end D．At the end of
3、用括号内所给词的适当形式完成下列句子
1）. This morning I saw him ________ (do) his homework for some time and then play basketball.
2）. When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two thieves _________ (run) out of the bank.
3）. I often see the boys _________ (play) football on the playground.
4）. I saw him _________ (walk) into the building at that time.
5）. When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women_________(quarrel).
6）. The water is very clean. You can see fish __________ (swim) in it.
【知识点十一】 I shared the snacks with my cousin and told Grandpa about school.
我和表弟分享了零食，还跟外公讲了学校里的事。
【知识点拨】
1. share sth with sb 把......与......分享 ；表示与某人分享具体的物品、想法、感受、经历等。
2. talk “谈论，交谈”。
①talk to/with sb. 对某人说话 /同某人交谈
② talk about/on… 谈论……
【即学即用】
（ ）1. I shared my new school life ________ my parents after the meal.
A．with B．to C．of D．from
（ ）2. Mr. Wang is talking _________Tom’s mother ________ the phone.
A．with, in B．at ,on C．to , on D．to , in
【知识点十二】 “Mm, the familiar taste of home!”said Mum.
“嗯，熟悉的家的味道！”妈妈说。
【知识点拨】 familiar 形容词 意思为“熟悉的”
　常用搭配：be familiar with 对···熟悉
例句： Are you familiar with this type of machine 　你熟悉这种机器吗？
【辨析】be familiar with与 be familiar to
be familiar with 某人对······熟悉 主语通常是人
be familiar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的 主语通常是物
例句： I'm familiar with this song.　我对这首歌很熟悉。
The voice on the phone was familiar to her.　电话里的声音对她来说很熟悉。
【即学即用】
（ ）1.The story sounded quite familiar ________ me, and I got a little bored.
A．from B．for C．to D．with
（ ）2.Mr.Li is familiar ______this street．
A．at B．with C．of D．in
【知识点十三】 "Not this time," Dad answered with a smile. "We're going to your mum's hometown!" “这次不行，”爸爸笑着回答，“我们要去你妈妈的家乡！”
Mum nodded, with tears in her eyes. 妈妈点了点头，眼里含着泪水。
【知识点拨】 with的用法
（1）with介词，此处意为＂和，同，跟＂。
例句：I’d like a hamburger with a cup of Coke. 我想要一个汉堡外加一杯可乐。
（2）具有，带有
例句：China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
（3）with复合结构可作状语，表示伴随等。
例句：Miss Li walks into the classroom with a smile on her face. 李老师面带笑容地走进教室。
（4）以（手段、材料），用（工具）
例句：You can eat it with a spoon. 你可以用汤匙来吃它。
【即学即用】
（ ）1.I live ________ my family ________ Shanghai.
A. with; in B. in; in C. in; with D. with; with
（ ）2.The girl ________ glasses is ________ red.
A. with; with B. in; in C. with; in D. in; with
（ ）3.I often talk ________ my friends ________ football after class.
A. about; with B. with; in C. of; with D. with; about
【知识点十四】 In the text, what words are used to describe people's feelings
在文中，哪些词是用来描述人们的感受的？
【知识点拨】 be used to 表示＂被用来……＂。
例句：The knife is used to cut things. 刀子是用来切东西的。
【拓展】辨析 used to do，be used to doing，be used to do，be used for与be used as
used to do 过去常常做…… She used to read books. 她过去常读书。
be used to doing 习惯于做…… He is used to going to bed late. 他习惯晚睡。
be used to do 被用来做…… Stamps are used to send letters. 邮票被用来寄信。
be used for 被用来…… Cups are used for drinking water. 杯子被用来喝水。
be used as 被用作…… The sofa is used as a bed. 这张沙发被用作床。
【即学即用】
用used to do，be used to doing，be used to do，be used for与be used as完成下列句子
1. The pen ____________ writing.
2. He ____________ live in England, but now he lives in China.
3. My father _____________ drinking coffee after dinner.
4. I’ve never known that it can _____________ save lives.
5. English _____________ a foreign language in China.
6. Tractors _____________ the farmers.
7. They _____________ (read) English for half an hour every morning.
8. There _____________ (be) a quiet village.
9. I think you will _____________ (live) in the countryside.
10. You _____________ (go) to school by bike, did you
【知识点十五】 No matter how long I'm away, home is always glad to see me again.
不论我离开多久，家永远欢迎我的归来。
【知识点拨】no matter意为＂无论；不论＂，与what，who，when，where，how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。在从句中，长用一般现在时表示将来，状语从句可放在主句前或主句后。
例句： No matter what you say, I won’t believe you. 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
【拓展】 ＂no matter + 疑问词＂结构相当于＂疑问词+-ever＂。
no matter how = however 无论怎样
no matter what = whatever 无论什么
no matter when = whenever 无论何时
no matter where = wherever 无论在哪里
【即学即用】
（ ）1.No matter ________ you may fly, never forget where you come from.
A．how long B．how far C．how much D．how often
（ ）2.—Don’t talk with Mr. Black.
—I agree with you. No matter ________ you say, he always disagrees.
A．who B．what C．when D．how
（ ）3.No matter ________ hard it is to learn English, I will never give it up.
A．what B．when C．how D．where
【知识点十六】 It's starting to smell. 它开始发臭了。
【知识点拨】 smell 的用法
1. 作动词
1）及物动词：表示“闻到；嗅出; 发臭”，后接宾语。
例句：I can smell the flowers. 我能闻到花香。
His feet really smell. 他的脚很臭。
2）系动词：表示“闻起来”，后接形容词作表语。
例句：The soup smells delicious.（汤闻起来很美味。）
2. 作名词， 表示“气味；嗅觉”。
例句：The smell of coffee wakes me up. 咖啡的气味把我唤醒了。
【拓展】
感官动词 含义 作系动词（+形容词） 例句 作实义动词（+宾语）例句
look 看；看起来 She looks happy today. 她今天看起来开心。 He looked at the map carefully. 他仔细看地图。
sound 听；听起来 The music sounds wonderful. 音乐听起来很棒。 Can you sound the alarm 你能按响警报吗？
taste 尝；尝起来 The cake tastes sweet. 蛋糕尝起来很甜。 She tasted the soup before serving. 她上菜前尝了汤。
feel 感觉；摸起来 The cloth feels soft. 布料摸起来柔软。 I felt a raindrop on my face. 我感到一滴雨落在脸上。
【即学即用】
（ ）1.The peaches ________ delicious. I want to take some.
A. eat B. sound C. taste D. drink
（ ）2.—Kate, your dress _________ nice.
—Thank you. I bought it yesterday.
A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes
（ ）3.The bed ________ soft and comfortable.
A. tastes B. feels C. smells D. sounds.
（ ）4.The cake tastes ________. I want to have another one.
A. good B. well C. bad D. badly
（ ）5.—Andy, your hand ________ cold. You'd better put on your coat.
—OK, mum.
A. feels B. looks C. sounds D. tastes
【知识点十七】 We want to cover the animals and paint the walls light green.
我们想遮盖这些动物图案，把墙涂成淡绿色。
【知识点拨1】cover 动词， 意思为“遮盖；包括”； 名词，意思为“遮盖物；封皮”
常用短语搭配：
（1）cover sth. with sth. 用某物遮盖某物
例句： She covered her knees with a blanket. 她把毯子盖在膝盖上。
（2）be covered with sth. 被某物覆盖
例句：The table is covered with a cloth. 那张桌子用块布盖着。
（3）cover的其他用法
① v. 占(一片面积)
例句：Their school covers an area of 6 square kilometers. 他们学校占地6平方公里。
② n. 覆盖物；套子；(书刊等的)封面；封皮
例句：He put the cover on his piano. 他把琴套罩在了他的钢琴上。
The book needs a new cover. 这本书需要一个新封皮。
【即学即用】
（ ）1.Half of the Moon is covered _________ the clouds now.
A.on B.to C.by D.in
（ ）2.As we know, sky lanterns are covered ___ paper and the red paper cutting is cut ___ scissors.
A．with；with B．with；in C．by；with D．in；by
【知识点拨2】 light的用法：
作名词 光；光线；光亮 例句：We can't see clearly in the dim light. 在昏暗的光线下我们看不清楚
光源；灯 例句： Turn on the light, please. 请打开灯。
点火物 例句：Do you have a light 你有火吗？
作形容词 明亮的 例句：The room is light and airy. 这个房间明亮又通风。
浅色的 例句：She likes to wear light - colored clothes. 她喜欢穿浅色的衣服。
轻的 例句：This box is very light. 这个箱子很轻。
轻松的；愉快的 例句：We had a light conversation. 我们进行了一次轻松的谈话。
作动词 点燃；照亮 例句：He lit a candle. 他点燃了一支蜡烛。
使容光焕发 例句： A smile lit up her face. 她的脸上洋溢着笑容。
【即学即用】
（ ）1. It's getting dark. Please turn on the ______.
A. light B. radio C. TV D. computer
（ ）2. The box is very ______. You can carry it easily.
A. heavy B. light C. big D. small
（ ）3. The ______ in the room is too weak. I can't see the words clearly.
A. sound B. light C. noise D. voice
（ ）4. We can see things because there is ______ from the sun.
A. light B. water C. air D. food
（ ）5. She likes to wear ______ - colored clothes in summer.
A. dark B. black C. light D. white
参考答案
【知识点一】 Mum, can I invite my friends to our new house
妈妈，我可以邀请我的朋友来我们的新家吗？
【知识点拨】 invite 动词 意思为邀请“”
常见用法：
【拓展】
invite其名词形式为invitation，意为＂邀请；请帖＂。
make an invitation 提出/发出邀请
accept an invitation 接受邀请
decline/refuse an invitation 婉拒/拒绝邀请
【即学即用】
( ) 1. I’m glad to get your ________．
A．invite B．invitation C．invites D．inviting
( ) 2. Thanks a lot for ________ me ________ your dancing party.
A．invite;for B．invite;to C．inviting;for D．inviting;to
答案：B D
【知识点二】 I can’t wait to show them our new house.
我迫不及待地想向他们展示我们的新房子。
【知识点拨1】 wait 动词，意思为“等候、等待”
（1）wait for sb./sth.表示“等待某人/某物”。
例句：I'm waiting for my friend at the school gate. 我正在学校门口等我的朋友。
（2）can't wait to do sth.：表示“迫不及待地做某事”。
例句：The children can't wait to open their presents. 孩子们迫不及待地想打开他们的礼物。
（3）wait a moment：意为“等一会儿”
【知识点拨2】 show的用法
【即学即用】
( ) 1. The little boy ________ play with his new toys.
A．can’t wait B．can’t wait for C．can’t wait to D．can wait to
( ) 2. Who are you waiting ________ the bus stop
A．for at B．for C．at D．for on
( ) 3. Fathers’ Day is coming. How will you show your love ________ your father
A．for B．to C．in D．at
( ) 4. —Mr Wang is new here. Can you show him _________ our school
—No problem. Let’s go.
A．of B．around C．in D．at
( ) 5. Mr. Wang was a proud man and he liked _______ his strength all the time.
A．showing off B．to show around C．show up D．showing up
答案：C A B B A
【知识点三】 But their room is already clean! 但是他们的房间已经很干净了！
Well, it’s not “grandma clean” yet. 不过，还没有达到“奶奶级别的干净”。
【知识点拨】
already “已经”，常用于肯定句。 Mr. Li is already 70 years old. 李先生已经70岁了。
still “仍然”；惊讶某事仍在继续，比预期结束得晚。 She may be still at work. 她可能仍然在工作。
yet “已经；还”；用于否定句和疑问句中，多与现在完成时连用。 He isn’t up yet. 他还没起床。
【即学即用】
( )1．—Have you had your lunch ________
—Not ________.
A．yet; yet B．yet; already C．already; yet D．already; /
2、用already，yet或still填空。
1）. Although I’m tired, I’m ________ working to finish the job on time.
2）. —Would you like to come to my home this Sunday
—Sorry, I’m not sure ________.
3). There is ________ a dictionary in my schoolbag, so I don’t want more.
答案：1. C 2. still; yet; already
【知识点四】 Grandpa likes reading books in front of the window.
爷爷喜欢在窗前看书。
【知识点拨】
（1）in front of... 在……（外部的）前面 反义词 behind在……后面
例句： The cat is in front of the bus. 那只猫在公共汽车的前面。
（2） in the front of... 在……（里面的）前部 反义词组 at the back of...在……后面
例句：The driver is in the front of the bus. 司机在公共汽车的前部。
【即学即用】
( )1. The teacher’s desk is _______ our classroom and our English teacher likes standing _______ it .
A. in front of; in the front of B. in front of; in front of
C. in the front of; in front of D. in the front of; in the front of
( )2. I am sitting ___________ the bus. A man is standing ___________ me.
A. in front of; in front of B. in the front of; in the front of
C. in front of; in the front of D. in the front of; in front of
答案：C D
【知识点五】 Can I put some flowers by the window
我可以放些花在窗边吗？
【知识点拨】 by+地点，表示位置，在...旁边
例句: I’m sitting by the pool and drinking orange juice.
一、by的其他用法
1. by+交通工具，表示交通出行方式，乘,坐...(交通工具) by bus/bike/train
2. by+时间，表示在...之前，不迟于...,截止到...
e.g. Mom told him to come back home by 10:00.
3. by+ doing, 通过某种方式 by writing a letter
4. by+付款方式，用...付款， We can pay it by Wechat.我们可用用微信付款
5. by+百分比，以...的幅度 increase by 10% 增长了10%
6.动词+by, 表示经过，路过 walk/pass by走过、经过
7.被动语态+by+动作的执行者 被...怎么样
8.by表示由...所做 The music by Mozart is famous all over the world.
9．by表示方法，手段，翻译为”根据,凭借，以...” Don’t judge a book by its cover.
二、by的固定搭配
by the way顺便说一下 by accident/chance 偶然地 by mistake错误地
by the end of截止到...时间 by oneself独自地，亲自地 by hand =hand-made手工地
word by word逐字地 one by one一个接着一个 step by step逐步地
bit by bit=little by little 一点点地 by the time到...为止 drop by顺便拜访
by all means千方百计 by no means绝不是 by turns轮流，依次
by nature 天生地 by sea乘船 / by the sea在海边 by heart牢记，熟记
【即学即用】
( )1. Roy usually goes to school ________ bus, but today he goes to school ________ his father’s car.
A．by; by B．by; on C．on; in D．by; in
( )2. The telephone is ________ the window.
A．with B．in C．by D．to
3. John is afraid to stay at home (他自己).
4. Will the rain stop (在……之前)12:00
答案：D ; C ; by himself； by/before
【知识点六】 add things to their room 往他们的房间添置物品
【知识点拨】 add 动词 意思为“增加；添加” ，指在原有的基础上再添加。
例句： Please add some salt to the soup. 请往汤里加点盐。
【易混辨析】 add ... to...与add to
（1）add... to...意思为“把……加到……上，把……加到……中”。如果to的宾语在上文中已经提到，则可省略宾语和to。
例句：This soup is too salty. Please add some hot water (to the soup). 这汤太咸了。请加些热水。
（2）add to意思为“增加，增添”。
例句：Your coming added to our pleasure. 你的到来增加了我们的快乐。
【即学即用】
( )1.If you add three ________ nine, you will get twelve.
A．up B．on C．to D．in
( )2.Don't forget to add some eggs _________ the flour．
A．and B．to C．for D．with
答案：C B
【知识点七】 Helen, can I borrow your chess set 海伦，我可以借用你的棋盘吗？
【知识点拨】 borrow为动词，意指从某人处借出某物。
【例句】 She always borrows pens from me, and I hate that.她总是问我借笔，我很讨厌这样。
【辨析】
borrow “借入”，指向他人借东西，borrow sth. from sb. 意为“向某人借某物”
lend “借出”，指把东西借给别人，lend sth. to sb.，lend sb. sth.，意为“把某物借给某人”，过去式为lent.
keep borrow属于短暂性动词，若与时间段连用，要用延续性动词keep
例句： He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他从银行借了很多钱。
I don’t like to lend my TV set to Tom. 我不想把电视机借给Tom。
Can I keep the book a little longer 我借这本书的时间能长点吗？
【即学即用】
( )1．—Could I ______ a dictionary from you, Paul
—Sorry, I ______ it to Mary yesterday.
A．borrow; lend B．lend; borrowed C．borrow; lent D．lent; borrowed
2. 选词填空
borrow lend keep
1）. You can ________ my computer for one month if you take good care of it.
2）. —Excuse me, can I ________ your pen —Sorry, I have lent it to Bob.
3）. I refuse to ________ my money to him, because I don’t know when he will give it back to me.
答案：C； keep; borrow; lend
【知识点八】 Could I hang out with my friends after lunch
午饭后，我可以和我朋友们出去闲逛吗？
【知识点拨】
（1）hang out常用于美语口语中，还可以表示“常去某处；泡在某处”。
例句: Where do you hang out these days 这些日子你们都在什么地方闲逛？
（2）hang意为 “悬挂；垂下”，可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。
例句：The curtains hang well. 窗帘挂得很好。
（3）hang表示“悬挂”，“吊”的意思时，是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词形式都是hung；hang还可意为“绞死”，此时是规则动词，其过去式和过去分词均为hanged。
例句： The students hung a map of China on the wall. 学生们把一幅中国地图挂在墙上。
The criminal was hanged. 罪犯被处以绞刑。
hang的过去式巧记：规则的绞死不规则的挂
【即学即用】
( )1．He ______the picture on the wall.
A．hanged B．hung C．has hanged D．was hanged
( )2．—Jack，please hang ______ with us tomorrow night．
—OK．That’s great．
A．／ B．out C．from D．for
( )3．He ______with his friends last Sunday.
A．hang out B．hangs out C．hung out D．hung off
答案： B B C
【知识点九】 You want to call your parents, but your phone is dead.
你想给父母打电话，但手机没电了。
【知识点拨】 dead形容词，意为“不运行的，死的，无生命的”。表示“死的；失去生命的”，常用来描述人、动物或植物等。
die 动词 死亡；是非延续性动词，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。
dead 形容词 死的，失去生命的；表示状态，可以同表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表达“死了多长时间”用“have/has been dead for +时间段”或“died+时间段+age。
death 名词 死亡
dying 形容词 垂死的
常用短语：
（1）die from 意为“由于……而死”, 但一般常用于由外伤、衰老引起的死亡。
例如：The old man died from a car accident last year.这个老人去年死于一场车祸。
（2）die of意思同die from, 但它一般指由于疾病、情感等原因引起的死亡。
例如：His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992. 他的祖父1992年死于肝癌。
（3）die off 意为“相继死去”； die out 意为“（家族、物种等）灭绝；绝迹”。
例如：Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. 恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了。
【即学即用】
( ) 1. Because of the ________ of her pet dog, Jenny was so sad and cried for a long time.
A. die B. death C. dead D. dying
( ) 2. The plants are _______. Some day they will _______ forever.
A. dying off; die out B. dying away; die off
C. dying down; die out D. dying out; die away
答案：B A
【知识点十】 At the end of the road, I saw Grandpa and my little cousin standing in the cold wind waiting for us. 在路的尽头，我看到外公和我的表弟站在寒风中等我们。
【知识点拨1】at the end of 意为＂在……的末尾；在……尽头＂，可以表示地点，也可以表示时间。
例句：You can see a bookshop at the end of the road. 在路的尽头你会看到一家书店。
At the end of the month, we’ll have an exam. 在这个月末，我们将会考试。
注意：表示＂在……的开始＂用at the beginning of。
【拓展】
①by the end of...意为＂到……末为止＂，常与过去完成时态连用。
例句：We had learned 1,000 words by the end of last month.
到上个月末为止，我们已经学了1000个单词。
②in the end意为＂最后；终于＂，常在句中作状语，可置于句首或句末，与at last或finally同义。
例句：He found the bag in the end.最后他找到了包。
【知识点拨2】
①see sb. doing sth. 表示＂看到某人正在做某事＂，doing sth作宾语补足语，强调动作正在进行。
②see sb do sth表示＂看到某人做了某事＂，强调看到动作经常发生或看到动作发生的全过程。
例句：I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调＂我看见了＂这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调＂我见他正干活＂这个动作）
【即学即用】
（ ）1. We will have an exam ______ the month．
A．at the end B．in the end of
C．at the end of D．by the end
（ ）2．______, he decided to go abroad for further study．
A．In the end B．At the end
C．By the end D．At the end of
3、用括号内所给词的适当形式完成下列句子
1）. This morning I saw him ________ (do) his homework for some time and then play basketball.
2）. When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two thieves _________ (run) out of the bank.
3）. I often see the boys _________ (play) football on the playground.
4）. I saw him _________ (walk) into the building at that time.
5）. When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women_________(quarrel).
6）. The water is very clean. You can see fish __________ (swim) in it.
答案： C; A
3.
1）. do 2）. running 3）. playing 4）. walking 5.） quarreling 6）. swimming
【知识点十一】 I shared the snacks with my cousin and told Grandpa about school.
我和表弟分享了零食，还跟外公讲了学校里的事。
【知识点拨】
1. share sth with sb 把......与......分享 ；表示与某人分享具体的物品、想法、感受、经历等。
2. talk “谈论，交谈”。
①talk to/with sb. 对某人说话 /同某人交谈
② talk about/on… 谈论……
【即学即用】
（ ）1. I shared my new school life ________ my parents after the meal.
A．with B．to C．of D．from
（ ）2. Mr. Wang is talking _________Tom’s mother ________ the phone.
A．with, in B．at ,on C．to , on D．to , in
答案：A C
【知识点十二】 “Mm, the familiar taste of home!”said Mum.
“嗯，熟悉的家的味道！”妈妈说。
【知识点拨】 familiar 形容词 意思为“熟悉的”
　常用搭配：be familiar with 对···熟悉
例句： Are you familiar with this type of machine 　你熟悉这种机器吗？
【辨析】be familiar with与 be familiar to
be familiar with 某人对······熟悉 主语通常是人
be familiar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的 主语通常是物
例句： I'm familiar with this song.　我对这首歌很熟悉。
The voice on the phone was familiar to her.　电话里的声音对她来说很熟悉。
【即学即用】
（ ）1.The story sounded quite familiar ________ me, and I got a little bored.
A．from B．for C．to D．with
（ ）2.Mr.Li is familiar ______this street．
A．at B．with C．of D．in
答案：C B
【知识点十三】 "Not this time," Dad answered with a smile. "We're going to your mum's hometown!" “这次不行，”爸爸笑着回答，“我们要去你妈妈的家乡！”
Mum nodded, with tears in her eyes. 妈妈点了点头，眼里含着泪水。
【知识点拨】 with的用法
（1）with介词，此处意为＂和，同，跟＂。
例句：I’d like a hamburger with a cup of Coke. 我想要一个汉堡外加一杯可乐。
（2）具有，带有
例句：China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
（3）with复合结构可作状语，表示伴随等。
例句：Miss Li walks into the classroom with a smile on her face. 李老师面带笑容地走进教室。
（4）以（手段、材料），用（工具）
例句：You can eat it with a spoon. 你可以用汤匙来吃它。
【即学即用】
（ ）1.I live ________ my family ________ Shanghai.
A. with; in B. in; in C. in; with D. with; with
（ ）2.The girl ________ glasses is ________ red.
A. with; with B. in; in C. with; in D. in; with
（ ）3.I often talk ________ my friends ________ football after class.
A. about; with B. with; in C. of; with D. with; about
答案：A C D
【知识点十四】 In the text, what words are used to describe people's feelings
在文中，哪些词是用来描述人们的感受的？
【知识点拨】 be used to 表示＂被用来……＂。
例句：The knife is used to cut things. 刀子是用来切东西的。
【拓展】辨析 used to do，be used to doing，be used to do，be used for与be used as
used to do 过去常常做…… She used to read books. 她过去常读书。
be used to doing 习惯于做…… He is used to going to bed late. 他习惯晚睡。
be used to do 被用来做…… Stamps are used to send letters. 邮票被用来寄信。
be used for 被用来…… Cups are used for drinking water. 杯子被用来喝水。
be used as 被用作…… The sofa is used as a bed. 这张沙发被用作床。
【即学即用】
用used to do，be used to doing，be used to do，be used for与be used as完成下列句子
1. The pen ____________ writing.
2. He ____________ live in England, but now he lives in China.
3. My father _____________ drinking coffee after dinner.
4. I’ve never known that it can _____________ save lives.
5. English _____________ a foreign language in China.
6. Tractors _____________ the farmers.
7. They _____________ (read) English for half an hour every morning.
8. There _____________ (be) a quiet village.
9. I think you will _____________ (live) in the countryside.
10. You _____________ (go) to school by bike, did you
答案：1. is used for 2. used to 3. is used to 4. be used to
5. is used as 6. are used by 7. are used to reading 8. used to be
9. be used to living 10. didn’t used to go
【知识点十五】 No matter how long I'm away, home is always glad to see me again.
不论我离开多久，家永远欢迎我的归来。
【知识点拨】no matter意为＂无论；不论＂，与what，who，when，where，how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。在从句中，长用一般现在时表示将来，状语从句可放在主句前或主句后。
例句： No matter what you say, I won’t believe you. 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
【拓展】 ＂no matter + 疑问词＂结构相当于＂疑问词+-ever＂。
no matter how = however 无论怎样
no matter what = whatever 无论什么
no matter when = whenever 无论何时
no matter where = wherever 无论在哪里
【即学即用】
（ ）1.No matter ________ you may fly, never forget where you come from.
A．how long B．how far C．how much D．how often
（ ）2.—Don’t talk with Mr. Black.
—I agree with you. No matter ________ you say, he always disagrees.
A．who B．what C．when D．how
（ ）3.No matter ________ hard it is to learn English, I will never give it up.
A．what B．when C．how D．where
答案：B B C
【知识点十六】 It's starting to smell. 它开始发臭了。
【知识点拨】 smell 的用法
1. 作动词
1）及物动词：表示“闻到；嗅出; 发臭”，后接宾语。
例句：I can smell the flowers. 我能闻到花香。
His feet really smell. 他的脚很臭。
2）系动词：表示“闻起来”，后接形容词作表语。
例句：The soup smells delicious.（汤闻起来很美味。）
2. 作名词， 表示“气味；嗅觉”。
例句：The smell of coffee wakes me up. 咖啡的气味把我唤醒了。
【拓展】
感官动词 含义 作系动词（+形容词） 例句 作实义动词（+宾语）例句
look 看；看起来 She looks happy today. 她今天看起来开心。 He looked at the map carefully. 他仔细看地图。
sound 听；听起来 The music sounds wonderful. 音乐听起来很棒。 Can you sound the alarm 你能按响警报吗？
taste 尝；尝起来 The cake tastes sweet. 蛋糕尝起来很甜。 She tasted the soup before serving. 她上菜前尝了汤。
feel 感觉；摸起来 The cloth feels soft. 布料摸起来柔软。 I felt a raindrop on my face. 我感到一滴雨落在脸上。
【即学即用】
（ ）1.The peaches ________ delicious. I want to take some.
A. eat B. sound C. taste D. drink
（ ）2.—Kate, your dress _________ nice.
—Thank you. I bought it yesterday.
A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes
（ ）3.The bed ________ soft and comfortable.
A. tastes B. feels C. smells D. sounds.
（ ）4.The cake tastes ________. I want to have another one.
A. good B. well C. bad D. badly
（ ）5.—Andy, your hand ________ cold. You'd better put on your coat.
—OK, mum.
A. feels B. looks C. sounds D. tastes
答案：C B B A A
【知识点十七】 We want to cover the animals and paint the walls light green.
我们想遮盖这些动物图案，把墙涂成淡绿色。
【知识点拨1】cover 动词， 意思为“遮盖；包括”； 名词，意思为“遮盖物；封皮”
常用短语搭配：
（1）cover sth. with sth. 用某物遮盖某物
例句： She covered her knees with a blanket. 她把毯子盖在膝盖上。
（2）be covered with sth. 被某物覆盖
例句：The table is covered with a cloth. 那张桌子用块布盖着。
（3）cover的其他用法
① v. 占(一片面积)
例句：Their school covers an area of 6 square kilometers. 他们学校占地6平方公里。
② n. 覆盖物；套子；(书刊等的)封面；封皮
例句：He put the cover on his piano. 他把琴套罩在了他的钢琴上。
The book needs a new cover. 这本书需要一个新封皮。
【即学即用】
（ ）1.Half of the Moon is covered _________ the clouds now.
A.on B.to C.by D.in
（ ）2.As we know, sky lanterns are covered ___ paper and the red paper cutting is cut ___ scissors.
A．with；with B．with；in C．by；with D．in；by
答案：C A
【知识点拨2】 light的用法：
作名词 光；光线；光亮 例句：We can't see clearly in the dim light. 在昏暗的光线下我们看不清楚
光源；灯 例句： Turn on the light, please. 请打开灯。
点火物 例句：Do you have a light 你有火吗？
作形容词 明亮的 例句：The room is light and airy. 这个房间明亮又通风。
浅色的 例句：She likes to wear light - colored clothes. 她喜欢穿浅色的衣服。
轻的 例句：This box is very light. 这个箱子很轻。
轻松的；愉快的 例句：We had a light conversation. 我们进行了一次轻松的谈话。
作动词 点燃；照亮 例句：He lit a candle. 他点燃了一支蜡烛。
使容光焕发 例句： A smile lit up her face. 她的脸上洋溢着笑容。
【即学即用】
（ ）1. It's getting dark. Please turn on the ______.
A. light B. radio C. TV D. computer
（ ）2. The box is very ______. You can carry it easily.
A. heavy B. light C. big D. small
（ ）3. The ______ in the room is too weak. I can't see the words clearly.
A. sound B. light C. noise D. voice
（ ）4. We can see things because there is ______ from the sun.
A. light B. water C. air D. food
（ ）5. She likes to wear ______ - colored clothes in summer.
A. dark B. black C. light D. white
答案： A B B A C

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