Unit5 What a Delicious Meal 语法:感叹句 、可数不可数名词 & 顺序副词(重难点、易错点 中考真题 强训)(含答案)人教版(2024)八年级英语上册

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Unit5 What a Delicious Meal 语法:感叹句 、可数不可数名词 & 顺序副词(重难点、易错点 中考真题 强训)(含答案)人教版(2024)八年级英语上册

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八年级上册 Unit5 语法:
感叹句 、可数、不可数名词 & 顺序副词
(重难点、易错点+中考真题+强化训练)
一、感叹句
(一)定义
用来表达强烈情感(喜悦、惊讶、赞叹等)的句子,常用what或how引导,句末用感叹号 “!”。
(二)重点
1. what 引导的感叹句(修饰名词 / 名词短语):
结构 1:What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!
例:What a beautiful flower it is!(多美的一朵花啊!)
结构 2:What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语!
例:What lovely children they are!(多可爱的孩子们啊!)
结构 3:What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
例:What clean water it is!(多干净的水啊!)
how 引导的感叹句(修饰形容词 / 副词 / 动词):
结构 1:How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!
例:How tall he is!(他多高啊!)
结构 2:How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
例:How fast she runs!(她跑得真快啊!)
结构 3:How + 主语 + 谓语!(修饰动词,少见)
例:How he loves his mother!(他多爱他妈妈啊!)
3. what与how的转换(核心:保留名词短语完整性):
原句:What a nice day it is!(what + a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数)
转换:How nice the day is!(how + 形容词 + 名词,去掉 a)
(三)难点:解题技巧与复杂转换
判断 what/how 的 “三步法”
找句子中心词:
若中心词是名词(短语)→ 用 what;若中心词是形容词 / 副词→ 用 how;
看名词可数性:
可数单数需加 a/an(what 后),how 后 a/an 需放在名词前(如 How a nice day→错误,应为 How nice a day);
检查是否省略:
若句中无主语谓语,补全后再判断(如 “What a cool bike!”→补全 “it is”,中心词 bike 是名词→用 what)。
带从句的感叹句转换
原句:What a clever boy who can speak three languages!(带定语从句)
转换:How clever the boy who can speak three languages is!(保留从句,调整 what/how 结构)
(四)易错点:高频失误案例分析
1. 省略主语谓语时的 a/an 遗漏
错句:What nice book!
正确:What a nice book!,省略 it is 后,a 仍需保留,因 book 是可数单数
2. how 后接 “形容词 + a/an + 名词” 的语序错误
错句:How a beautiful park it is!
正确:How beautiful a park it is!,how 后先接形容词,再接 a/an + 名词
3. 不可数名词与 “what a” 的误用
错句:What a good news!
正确:What good news!,news 是不可数名词,无论是否有形容词,都不加 a
(四)易错点
1. 漏加 / 错加a/an:
不可数名词(如 weather, music)前不用a/an,如错句:What a good weather!(正确:What good weather!)
2. 混淆修饰对象:
how后接形容词 / 副词,不接名词,如错句:How a clever boy!(正确:What a clever boy! 或 How clever the boy is!)
(五)针对性练习(10 题)
_______ interesting book it is!(填 What/How)
_______ fast he swims!(填 What/How)
What _______ beautiful park!(填 a/an/ 不填)
How _______ happy they look!(填 a/an/ 不填)
改写:What a lovely dog it is! → _______ lovely the dog is!
改写:How tall the building is! → _______ tall building it is!
选出正确句:A. What a fine weather! B. What fine weather! C. How fine weather!
选出正确句:A. How clever girl she is! B. What clever a girl! C. What a clever girl!
_______ delicious food my mom cooks!(填 What/How)
_______ slowly the old man walks!(填 What/How)
二、可数名词与不可数名词
(一)定义
1. 可数名词:可计数、有单复数形式的名词(如 book→books, apple→apples)。
2. 不可数名词:不可直接计数、无复数形式的名词(如 water, rice, music),需用 “量词 + of” 修饰(a glass of water, two bowls of rice)。
(二)重点
1. 可数名词复数规则:
一般加s:pen→pens, desk→desks
以s, x, sh, ch结尾加es:bus→buses, box→boxes, brush→brushes
以 “辅音 + y” 结尾,变y为i加es:city→cities, baby→babies
特殊复数:man→men, woman→women, child→children, sheep→sheep(单复同形)
2. 可数名词复数的 “特殊中的特殊”
以 “o” 结尾的无生命名词:photo→photos, piano→pianos(例外:radio→radios, zoo→zoos);
有生命名词:tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes(例外:kangaroo→kangaroos)
以 “f/fe” 结尾:多数变 “f/fe” 为 “v” 加 es(leaf→leaves, knife→knives);例外:roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, proof→proofs
合成名词复数:
主体名词变复数
passer-by→passers-by, brother-in-law→brothers-in-law
无主体名词则整体变
grown-up→grown-ups, go-between→go-betweens
3. 不可数名词的数量表达:
常用量词:a cup of(一杯), a piece of(一片 / 一张), a bottle of(一瓶), some(一些,肯定句), much(许多,否定 / 疑问句)
例:some milk(一些牛奶), three pieces of paper(三张纸)
固定量词搭配: 高频考点!
液体:a drop of water(一滴水), a bucket of milk(一桶牛奶)
抽象名词:a bit of advice(一点建议), a lot of progress(许多进步)
固体:a slice of bread(一片面包), a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力), a pile of rice(一堆米饭)
表 “种类” 时不可数名词可加 s:different kinds of fruits(不同种类的水果), all sorts of teas(各种茶叶)
(三)难点
1. 同一名词的可数与不可数转换(含义不同):
chicken:可数(小鸡)→ two chickens;不可数(鸡肉)→ some chicken
fish:可数(鱼的条数)→ three fish;可数(鱼的种类)→ three fishes;不可数(鱼肉)→ some fish
glass:可数(玻璃杯)→ a glass;不可数(玻璃)→ some glass
2. 易混场景的辨析方法
some与any 的用法
二者共同点:
some. any既可修饰可数复数,也可修饰不可数名词:
some /any books(一些书,肯定句);
some/any water(一些水)
二者区别:
一般情况:some 用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句
特殊情况:
疑问句中表 “请求 / 建议” 仍用 some,希望得到肯定的回答:
Would you like some coffee (你想喝点咖啡吗?)
any用于肯定句,表示“任何”
You can sit in any seat in the classroom.
“many ” 与 “much”的用法
many +可数名词复数,可搭配 “a lot of/lots of”(口语中更常用); 例:She has many friends.(她有很多朋友)
= She has a lot of friends.
much +不可数名词,可搭配 “a lot of/lots of”(口语中更常用)
例:We need much water.(略显生硬)→ We need a lot of flour.(更自然,flour 是 U5 学过的不可数名词)
常见固定短语:
短语 修饰对象 例句
so many 可数复数 There are so many students in the hall.(大厅里有很多学生)
so much 不可数名词 She spends so much time on English.(她在英语上花很多时间)
too many 可数复数(表 “过多”) Too many cars make the street crowded.(太多车让街道拥挤)
too much 不可数名词(表 “过多”) Don’t drink too much coffee.(别喝太多咖啡)
as many as 可数复数(表 “多达”) He has as many as 50 books.(他有多达 50 本书)
as much as 不可数名词(表 “多达”) The project costs as much as 1000 yuan.(这个项目花费多达 1000 元)

“the number of” 与 “a number of” 的主谓一致
the number of + 可数复数(…… 的数量)→ 谓语单数:
The number of students is 50.
a number of + 可数复数(许多……)→ 谓语复数:
A number of students are late.
(四)易错点
不可数名词加s:
错句:I drink two waters.
正确:I drink two glasses of water.
特殊复数记错:
错句:five childs
正确:five children
错句:three sheeps
正确:three sheep
量词与名词搭配错误:
错句:a piece of apple
正确:a piece of bread /an apple
集体名词的单复数混淆
family:指 “家庭整体”→ 单数(My family is small.);
指 “家庭成员”→ 复数(My family are watching TV.)
team/class:同理,需根据句意判断:
The team wins the game.(团队赢了);
The team are arguing.(队员在争吵)
不可数名词与 “many/much” 的误用
错句:How many money do you have
正确:How much money…,money 不可数,用 much;many 修饰可数复数
错句:There is much apples on the table.
正确:There are many apples…,apples 可数复数,用 many
(五)针对性练习(10 题)
写出复数:tomato→_______, city→_______, man→_______
选出不可数名词:A. apple B. rice C. pen
填空:I want three _______ (box) of pencils.
填空:She eats two _______ (egg) for breakfast.
改错:He buys some breads. → _______
改错:There are five mouses in the house. → _______
填空:Can you give me _______ (a/an/some) water
填空:I have _______ (a/an/some) interesting book.
选出正确句:A. two bottle of juice B. two bottles of juice C. two bottles of juices
填空:How many _______ (sheep) are there on the farm
三、顺序副词
(一)定义
表示动作或事件发生 “时间顺序” 的副词,用于描述步骤、流程(如 first, then, next, finally)。
(二)重点
常见顺序副词及含义:
first:首先(强调第一步)→ First, wash your hands.
then:然后(承接上一步)→ Then, cut the vegetables.
next:接下来(与 then 近义,可互换)→ Next, cook the rice.
finally:最后(强调最后一步)→ Finally, enjoy your meal.
用法:
可位于句首(首字母大写)或句中(主语后,谓语前)
→ Then we go to school. / We then go to school.
多个顺序副词连用:按 “first→then/next→finally” 排序,不可颠倒。
顺序副词的 “功能分类”
时间顺序副词(核心):first, then, next, finally(描述动作先后)
步骤顺序副词(正式):firstly, secondly, thirdly, lastly(用于说明文、演讲稿,如 “Firstly, we need to prepare materials.”)
补充顺序表达:after that(在那之后), later(后来), at last(最终,强调努力后的结果), in the end(最后,强调结局)
(三)难点
then与next的区别:
then:侧重 “时间上的承接”,无明显 “下一步计划”;
例:I finished my homework, then I watched TV.(做完作业后,然后看电视,无计划感)
next:侧重 “有计划的下一步”;
例:First, buy some fruit. Next, we make a salad.(有明确计划的第二步)
(四)易错点
1. 顺序颠倒导致逻辑混乱
错句:Finally, we went to the supermarket. Then, we made a shopping list.
正确:First, we made a shopping list. Then, we went to the supermarket. Finally, we paid for the things.
2. “firstly” 与 “at first” 的混淆
firstly:表 “步骤第一”→ Firstly, let’s introduce ourselves.
at first:表 “起初(与后来对比)”
→ At first, I didn’t like English. But now I love it.(错句:First, I didn’t like English.)
3. 多个顺序副词重复使用
错句:First, then we need to wash our hands.
正确:First, we need to wash our hands. 或 We first need to wash our hands.
(五)针对性练习(8 题)
填空:_______ (First/Finally), mix the flour and water. Then, bake it for 20 minutes.
填空:I get up at 7:00. _______ (Then/First), I brush my teeth.
选出正确句:A. Next, we first do our homework. B. First, we do our homework. Next, we play.
填空:_______ (Then/Finally), put the cake in the fridge. It’s ready!
改写:We clean the room first. → _______, we clean the room.
填空:She buys a dress. _______ (Next/Finally), she buys a pair of shoes.
改错:Then first, I eat breakfast. → _______
填空:_______ (First/Next), boil the water. Then, put the tea in the cup.
四、真题训练(15 题,均选自近 3 年初中英语模拟 / 中考题)
_______ useful advice the teacher gave us!(2024 北京海淀模拟)
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
There are 50 _______ in our school. They are all friendly.(2023 上海浦东模拟)
A. woman teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher
—_______ do you make a banana milkshake (2024 广东深圳中考)
—First, peel the bananas. Then, put them into the blender.
A. When B. How C. Where D. Why
_______ carefully the students are listening to the teacher!(2023 江苏苏州模拟)
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
I need _______ for the party. Can you help me buy some (2024 浙江杭州模拟)
A. two bottle of juice B. two bottles of juices C. two bottles of juice D. two bottle of juices
_______ interesting storybook it is! I want to read it again.(2023 山东济南中考)
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
—What do we do _______ (2024 湖北武汉模拟)
—We can go to the zoo after lunch.
A. first B. then C. next D. finally
There is _______ “h” and _______ “u” in the word “hour”.(2023 四川成都模拟)
A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a
_______ bad weather! We can’t go for a picnic today.(2024 安徽合肥模拟)
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
My grandma usually makes _______ for dinner. It’s delicious.(2023 福建福州模拟)
A. tomato soup B. tomatoes soup C. tomato soups D. tomatoes soups
—_______ does your father go to work (2024 湖南长沙模拟)
—First, he walks to the bus stop. Then, he takes the bus.
A. What B. How C. When D. Where
There are three _______ on the table. They are fresh.(2023 辽宁沈阳模拟)
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe
_______ happily the children are playing in the park!(2024 江西南昌模拟)
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
We need some _______ to make dumplings. Let’s buy it.(2023 山西太原模拟)
A. flour B. flours C. tomato D. egg
—_______ do we finish the project (2024 陕西西安模拟)
—Next week. Then we can hand it in.
A. When B. How C. Where D. Why
五、强化训练(满分 100 分)
(一)单项选择(每题 2 分,共 30 分)
_______ beautiful park it is! Many people visit it every day.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
My mother bought two _______ yesterday. They are for making cakes.
A. box of egg B. boxes of eggs C. boxes of egg D. box of eggs
_______ quickly he finished his homework! He can play now.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
—_______ do you plant a tree
—First, dig a hole. Then, put the tree in it.
A. When B. How C. Where D. Why
There is _______ “s” and _______ “t” in the word “student”.
A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a
We need _______ for the party. Let’s go to the supermarket.
A. three bottle of milk B. three bottles of milks C. three bottles of milk D. three bottle of milks
_______ interesting film we watched last night! I want to watch it again.
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
—What do we do _______
—We can clean the classroom after class.
A. first B. then C. next D. finally
_______ cold day it is! Put on your warm clothes.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
My uncle keeps five _______ on his farm. They can lay eggs.
A. chicken B. chickens C. chick D. chikens
_______ carefully she draws! Her pictures are always good.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
There are some _______ on the desk. They are my notebooks.
A. paper B. book C. books D. bread
—_______ does your sister go to school
—First, she eats breakfast. Then, she walks to school.
A. What B. How C. When D. Where
We need some _______ to make noodles. Let’s buy some.
A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. tomatoe
_______ happily the girls are singing! They look so happy.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
(二)填空题(每空 2 分,共 20 分)
There are three _______ (box) of books in the classroom.
_______ (First/Finally), turn off the lights. Then, lock the door.
What _______ (a/an/ 不填) delicious cake it is!
She drinks two _______ (glass) of milk every morning.
_______ (Then/First), I do my homework. Next, I watch TV.
How _______ (happy/happily) the children are playing!
There are five _______ (sheep) on the farm.
_______ (What/How) beautiful flowers they are!
I need some _______ (water) to wash my hands.
_______ (Then/Finally), we arrived at the hotel. We were tired.
(三)句型转换(每题 4 分,共 20 分)
The story is very interesting.(改为感叹句)
→ _______ _______ interesting story it is!
He runs very fast.(改为感叹句)
→ _______ _______ he runs!
There are two boxes of apples on the table.(对划线部分提问,划线:two)
→ _______ _______ boxes of apples are there on the table
First, we buy some vegetables. Then, we cook dinner.(合并为一句,用 then 连接)
→ First, we buy some vegetables, _______ _______ cook dinner.
She has a glass of juice for breakfast.(改为复数句)
→ They _______ some _______ of juice for breakfast.
(四)阅读理解(每题 5 分,共 30 分)
阅读短文,选择最佳答案。
Do you know how to make a fruit salad It’s easy and delicious. Let me tell you the steps.
First, prepare the ingredients: one apple, two bananas, three oranges, a bowl of yogurt and some honey. Remember, wash the apple and oranges carefully. Then, peel the bananas and oranges. Cut the apple and oranges into small pieces. Next, put all the fruit pieces into a big bowl. Pour the yogurt over the fruit. Then, add a little honey. Mix them well with a spoon. Finally, put the bowl in the fridge for 10 minutes. Now, your fruit salad is ready! You can share it with your family.
What do we need to make a fruit salad
A. One banana, two apples and three oranges.
B. One apple, two bananas and three oranges.
C. One apple, two oranges and three bananas.
What do we do first
A. Peel the fruit. B. Cut the fruit. C. Prepare the ingredients.
How many steps are there to make the fruit salad
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7
Which is the last step
A. Mix the fruit with yogurt and honey.
B. Put the bowl in the fridge.
C. Pour yogurt over the fruit.
What can we learn from the passage
A. We don’t need to wash the apple.
B. We need a little honey.
C. We put the fruit in the fridge for 20 minutes.
Which sentence is an exclamation
A. Do you know how to make a fruit salad
B. It’s easy and delicious.
C. Now, your fruit salad is ready!
六、答案与解析
(一)感叹句针对性练习答案
What(修饰可数名词单数 book,用 What a/an)
How(修饰副词 fast,用 How)
a(park 是可数名词单数,beautiful 以辅音音素开头,用 a)
不填(happy 是形容词,How 后接形容词,无需 a/an)
How(What a + 名词单数→How + 形容词,转换时去掉 a)
What a(How + 形容词→What a + 形容词 + 名词单数)
B(weather 不可数,排除 A;How 后接形容词,排除 C)
C(A 缺 a,B 语序错,C 符合 What a + 形容词 + 可数名词单数)
What(修饰不可数名词 food,用 What)
How(修饰副词 slowly,用 How)
(二)可数 / 不可数名词针对性练习答案
tomatoes, cities, men(tomato 以 o 结尾且有生命,加 es;city 变 y 为 i 加 es;man 特殊复数 men)
B(rice 不可数,A、C 是可数名词)
boxes(box 以 x 结尾,复数加 es,three 后接复数)
eggs(egg 是可数名词,two 后接复数 eggs)
He buys some bread.(bread 不可数,无复数)
There are five mice in the house.(mouse 复数是 mice,特殊变化)
some(water 不可数,a/an 修饰可数名词单数,用 some)
a(book 是可数名词单数,interesting 以元音音素开头?不,interesting 首字母 i 发 / /,元音音素,此处答案应为 an!修正:a→an,因 interesting 以元音音素开头)
B(juice 不可数,排除 C;bottle 复数是 bottles,排除 A)
sheep(sheep 单复同形,How many 后接复数,仍用 sheep)
(三)顺序副词针对性练习答案
First(后接 Then,第一步用 First)
Then(先起床,再刷牙,用 Then 承接)
B(A 顺序颠倒,B 符合 first→next)
Finally(最后一步 “放冰箱”,用 Finally)
First(first 可位于句首,首字母大写)
Next(买裙子后 “接下来” 买鞋,有计划感,用 Next)
First, then I eat breakfast.(顺序副词需先 first 后 then,不能颠倒)
First(后接 Then,第一步 “烧水” 用 First)
(四)真题训练答案
A(advice 不可数,What 修饰不可数名词,排除 B/C/D)
B(woman teacher 复数是 women teachers,前后都变复数)
B(答语是步骤,用 How 提问 “如何做”)
C(修饰副词 carefully,用 How)
C(juice 不可数,排除 B/D;bottle 复数是 bottles,排除 A)
B(storybook 可数单数,interesting 元音音素开头,用 What an)
C(答语 “午饭后去动物园” 是 “接下来” 的计划,用 next)
B(h 发 /e / 元音音素,用 an;u 发 /ju:/ 辅音音素,用 a)
A(weather 不可数,用 What)
A(tomato soup 中 tomato 作定语,用单数;soup 不可数,无复数)
B(答语是步骤,用 How 提问)
C(potato 复数加 es,potatoes)
C(修饰副词 happily,用 How)
A(flour 不可数,排除 B;C/D 是可数名词单数,some 后接复数或不可数,用 flour)
A(答语是时间 “下周”,用 When 提问)
(五)强化训练答案
1. 单项选择
B(park 可数单数,beautiful 辅音音素开头,用 What a)
B(box 复数 boxes,egg 复数 eggs,two boxes of eggs)
C(修饰副词 quickly,用 How)
B(答语是步骤,用 How)
B(s 发 /es/ 元音音素,用 an;t 发 /t/ 辅音音素,用 a)
C(milk 不可数,bottle 复数 bottles,three bottles of milk)
B(film 可数单数,interesting 元音音素开头,用 What an)
C(答语 “课后打扫” 是 “接下来” 的事,用 next)
B(day 可数单数,cold 辅音音素开头,用 What a)
B(chicken 表 “小鸡” 可数,复数 chickens;表 “鸡肉” 不可数,此处 “下蛋” 是小鸡,用 chickens)
C(修饰副词 carefully,用 How)
C(some 后接复数或不可数,A/D 不可数,但后句 “notebooks” 是复数,用 books)
B(答语是步骤,用 How)
B(tomato 复数 tomatoes,some 后接复数)
C(修饰副词 happily,用 How)
2. 填空题
boxes(box 复数 boxes,three 后接复数)
First(后接 Then,第一步 “关灯” 用 First)
a(cake 可数单数,delicious 辅音音素开头,用 a)
glasses(glass 复数 glasses,two 后接复数)
First(后接 Next,第一步 “做作业” 用 First)
happily(修饰动词 playing,用副词 happily;happy 是形容词,修饰名词 / 系动词)
sheep(sheep 单复同形,five 后接复数)
What(修饰复数名词 flowers,用 What)
water(water 不可数,some 后接原形)
Finally(“到达酒店” 是最后一步,用 Finally)
3. 句型转换
What an(interesting storybook 可数单数,元音音素开头,用 What an)
How fast(修饰副词 fast,用 How fast)
How many(对数量 two 提问,boxes 是复数,用 How many)
then we(First...then... 连接,主语 we 不变)
have; glasses(has 变 have,a glass 变 some glasses)
4. 阅读理解
B(原文:one apple, two bananas, three oranges)
C(原文:First, prepare the ingredients)
B(步骤:1. 准备食材→2. 洗水果→3. 削皮切块→4. 放碗→5. 加酸奶蜂蜜搅拌→6. 放冰箱,共 6 步)
B(原文:Finally, put the bowl in the fridge)
B(原文:add a little honey,A 需洗苹果,C 是 10 分钟)
C(感叹句用感叹号,A 是疑问句,B 是陈述句)

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