资源简介 2025-2026学年沪教版英语七年级上册Unit 1 Friendship【词汇】知识点清单1.guitar /ɡ tɑ (r)/ n. 吉他短语:electric guitar 电吉他例句:She played a tune on her guitar.她用她的吉他弹了一支曲子。2.honest / n st/ adj. 诚实的记忆:hones 荣誉;尊严 + t → honest 诚实的例句:I know she's honest and reliable.我知道她是诚实可靠的。拓展:它的其反义词为 dishonest“不诚实的”;其名词形式为 honesty“诚实”。注意:honest的读音以元音音素开头,因此其前若加不定冠词应用an。An honest man does not tell lies.诚实的人不说谎。3.patient / pe ( )nt/ adj. 有耐心的记忆:pat 受伤 + i + ent 表示状态,过程 → 原指受伤之后的冷静和忍耐的状态 → patient 耐心的例句:She's very patient with young children.她对幼儿特别有耐心。拓展:①patient的反义词为 impatient(没有耐心的);副词形式为patiently(耐心地);名词形式为patience(耐心)。Try not to be too impatient with her.尽量别对她太没耐心。Mr Green explains the sentence to me patiently.格林老师耐心地给我解释那个句子。People have lost patience with the slow pace of reform.人们对改革的缓慢速度已失去耐性。②patient〔可数名词〕病人The patient is too weak to speak.这个病人太虚弱了,不能说话。The nurse is patient with her patients.那名护士对她的病人很有耐心。4.be good at 擅长……拓展:be good for 适合,有益于例句:She's good at art and design.她擅长美术和设计。拓展:同义短语:do well in…。I'm good at English. = I do well in English.我擅长英语。Mary is good at swimming. = Mary does well in swimming.玛丽擅长游泳。5.turn to somebody for help 求助于某人短语:turn to 求助于,转向,致力于例句:Why not turn to your neighbor for help 为什么不求助于邻居帮忙呢?6.after school 放学后短语:after-school activities 课外活动例句:Shall I meet you after school today 今天放学后我去找你好吗?7.improve / m pru v/ v. 改进;改善记忆:im 使 + prove 好的 → 使更好,使增加利润 → improve 改进,改善例句:It's never too late to improve your diet.改善饮食什么时候都不嫌晚。拓展:improvement〔名词〕改进;改善It's only a small improvement.这只是一个小小的改进。8.confident / k nf d nt/ adj. 自信的;有自信心的记忆:con 表强调 + fid 信任 +ent 形容词词尾 → 非常信任自己 →confident 自信的例句:She was in a relaxed, confident mood.她的心态从容而自信。拓展:①be/feel confident to do sth. 有信心做某事Tom feels confident to pass the final exam.汤姆有信心通过期末考试。②be/feel confident of 对……充满自信We are confident of our future.我们对未来充满自信。③be/feel confident that... 确信……I'm confident that I'll win the match.我确信我会赢得这场比赛。9.courage / k r d / n. 勇气;胆量记忆:cour (cord变形而来)心脏 + age 表示状态 → 心若在就有勇气 → courage 勇气例句:He showed great courage and determination.他表现得十分勇敢和果断。10.be willing to do something 愿意做某事拓展:willing 愿意的,乐意的例句:I am willing to make a trade with you.我愿意和你做个交易。11.thanks to 幸亏;由于; 因为拓展:thanks n. 谢谢(只用复数)例句:It was all a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.由于尽心竭力,这才大获成功。拓展:thanks to 幸亏;由于;因为。可与 with the help of 或 because of 进行同义转换。Thanks to Mary(= With the help of Mary), I can finish the homework on time.多亏了玛丽(的帮助),我能按时完成家庭作业。Thanks to (= Because of) hard work, we all got good grades.由于努力学习,我们都取得了好成绩。12.friendship / frend p/ n. 友谊;朋友关系记忆:friend 朋友 + -ship 抽象名词后缀例句:Your friendship is very important to me.你的友情对我非常重要。拓展:close friendship 亲密的友谊form friendships with sb. 和某人建立友谊Many families form close friendships with the students.许多家庭和学生建立了亲密的友谊。13.count on 依靠(某人做某事)拓展:count 数数;计数,点数目例句:We can't count on the good weather lasting.我们不能指望这样好的天气会持久。14.admiration / dm re ( )n/ n. 钦佩;赞赏记忆:admir(e) 钦佩,赞美 + ation 表示行为,结果 → 钦佩,赞美例句:She won admiration for her comportment during the trial.她在选拔赛中的表现得到了赞赏。15.respect /r spekt/ n. 尊敬;尊重记忆:re 回,往后 + spect 看 → 回顾,特别关注 → respect 尊敬例句:I have the greatest respect for your brother.我非常尊敬你的哥哥。记忆:in respect of sth①关于;就……而言A writ was served on the firm in respect of their unpaid bill.公司由于欠账而收到了传票。②作为……的报酬money received in respect of overtime worked 得到的加班费16.support /s p t/ n. 支持;鼓励记忆:sup 自下而上 + port 承担,承受 → 从下方托住承担重量 → support 支持例句:Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal.只有几个人表示支持这一提议。拓展:①support 〔及物动词〕支持support sb. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上支持某人No matter what you do, I'll support you.不管你做什么,我都支持你。His family support him in his decision.他的家人支持他的决定。②support 〔及物动词〕抚养;赡养;支撑He works hard to support his family.他努力工作来养家。Walls support the roof.墙壁支撑着屋顶。③supportive 〔形容词〕支持的;拥护的;给予帮助的They are always supportive of each other.他们总是互相支持。17.trust /tr st/ n. 信任;信赖记忆:tru 信任 + st → 坚定的,值得信任的 → trust 信任例句:Her trust in him was unfounded.她对他的信任毫无道理。拓展:trust 〔动词〕相信;信任。常见用法有:①trust sb. (= believe in sb.) 信任某人I just don't trust (= believe in) him.我就是不信任他。②trust sb. (not) to do sth. 相信某人(不)会做某事You can trust me not to tell anyone.你可以相信我不会跟任何人讲。③trust sth. 相信某事He trusts her judgement.他相信她的判断力。18.survey / s ve / n. 调查短语:questionnaire survey 问卷调查例句:This very thorough survey goes back to 1784.这项非常彻底的调查可追溯到1784年。19.personal / p s n( )l/ adj. 个性的记忆:person 人 + al... 相关的 → personal 个性的例句:The President has great personal charisma.总统具有超凡的个人魅力。20.quality / kw l ti/ n. 品质;品德记忆:qual 性质,特征 + ity 表示性质,状态 → quality 质量例句:Sometimes you wonder where your kids get their good qualities.有时候你会奇怪,自己的孩子是在哪里养成那些优良品德的。21.caring / ke r / adj. 关心他人的;体贴人的拓展:care v. 照顾;在意;喜欢,想要例句:He is a lovely boy, very gentle and caring. 他是个可爱的男孩,既温柔又体贴。22.describe /d skra b/ v. 描述;形容记忆:de 向下 + scrib 写+ e → 写下来 → describe 描述例句:Can you describe him to me 你能向我描述一下他的样子吗?拓展:①表示“向……描述”时,要借助介词to。He is describing the criminal to the police.他正在向警察描述那个罪犯。②description〔名词〕描述,描写That is a description of you.那是对你的描述。23.appearance / p r ns/ n. 外貌词根:pear = 出现例句:She used to be so fussy about her appearance. 她过去过分在意自己的外表。24.medium height 中等身高例句:Mitchell is well-built, of medium height, with a dark complexion.米切尔身体强壮,中等个子,面色黝黑。拓展:①medium / mi di m/ (abbr. M)中等的;中号的②Sb. + be + of medium height.某人中等身高。He is a man of medium height.他是一个中等身高的男人。My Chinese teacher is of medium height.我的语文老师中等身高。25.straight /stre t/ adj. 直的词根:str = 拉紧;击打;压例句:The road continues as straight as an arrow.公路笔直延伸。拓展:straight 〔副词〕直接地,径直地After parking his car, he goes straight to take the plane.停放好小汽车后,他直接去乘飞机。26.dark /dɑ k/ adj. 褐色的;乌黑的短语:dark horse 黑马例句:Sue has long dark hair.苏留着长长的黑发。拓展:①〔形容词〕黑暗的;昏暗的反义词为 bright,意为“光明的;光线充足的”。It's getting dark.天快黑了。②〔形容词〕(颜色)深的。反义词为 light,意为“(颜色)浅的”。I like dark blue.我喜欢深蓝色。③〔名词〕黑暗;暗处。She could not see anything in the dark.她在黑暗中什么也看不见。27.same /se m/ adj. 同一的;相同的记忆:sam 同体,相同 + e → same 相同的例句:Our children go to the same school as theirs.我们的孩子和他们的孩子上同一所学校。拓展:①same的反义词为different,意为“不同的”。They are in the same school, but in different classes.他们在同一所学校,但在不同的班级。②same 〔代词〕同样的事物They look the same.它们看上去一样。28.basic / be s k/ adj. 基本的;基础的词根:bas = 去,底例句:Drums are basic to African music.鼓是非洲音乐的基本乐器。29.modern dance 现代舞拓展:modern / m d( )n/ adj. 现代的;当代的;近代的例句:I am learning modern dance in school.我在学校学跳现代舞。30.thought /θ t/ n. 想法短语:lost in thought 陷入沉思例句:I've just had a thought. 我刚刚有了个想法。拓展:①on second thoughts (表示已改变想法)又一想,转念一想I'll wait here. No, on second thoughts, I'll come with you.我就在这儿等。不,再一想,我还是跟你一起走。②without a second thought 立即;马上;不假思索He dived in after her without a second thought.他不假思索地随她跳入水中。31.however /ha ev (r)/ adv. 然而;不过记忆:how 怎样 + ever 永远,表强调例句:We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered some errors.我们原以为这些数据正确。不过我们现在发现了一些错误。32.take care of 照顾;照料拓展:take care 小心,警惕例句:We need to take care of our bodies.我们需要照顾好自己的身体。拓展:take care of相当于 look after 或 care for,其后可接名词或代词作宾语。take good care of = look after well 好好照顾……Can you help me take care of/look after/care for my little sister 你能帮我照顾我妹妹吗?33.watch over 照管;监督拓展:watch out 留神;注意例句:These mothers take turns to watch over each other's children.这些母亲轮流照看彼此的孩子。34.glad /gl d/ adj. 高兴的;愉快的短语:glad to see you 见到你很高兴例句:I'm glad to hear you're feeling better.听说你感觉好些了,我很高兴。拓展:①be glad to do sth. 高兴做某事I'm glad to receive your email.我很高兴收到你的电子邮件。②be glad + that从句 ……很高兴We are glad that you're feeling better.你感觉好些了,我们很高兴。35.rise /ra z/ v. 上升词根:rise = 上升,举起例句:Smoke was rising from the chimney.烟从烟囱里升起。拓展:rise 起床;起立;站起来He rose from the table.他从桌子旁站起身。36.rise into 上升到短语:rise into the air 升空例句:Today, when the lanterns slowly rise into the air, people make wishes.如今,人们会在孔明灯缓缓升空的时候许下愿望。37.cry out 大叫;叫喊拓展:cry v. 哭,哭泣;喊叫,呼喊;(兽或鸟)大叫例句:I stopped my ears but still heard her cry out.我捂上耳朵,但还能听见她大声喊叫。38.end /end/ n. 结局短语:at the end of 在……尽头;在……结束时例句:Her home is at the end of this street.她家在这条街的尽头。拓展:①in the end 最后She always gets her own way in the end.到最后总是她说了算。②by the end of 到……末为止We can learn about 800 words by the end of this year.到今年年底我们能学800个单词。③from beginning to end 从头到尾I watched the programme from beginning to end.这个节目我从头看到了尾。④end 〔动词〕结束,终止。反义词为begin。The movie ends.电影结束了。How does the story end 故事的结局是怎样的?We often end the class meeting with song.我们常以一首歌结束班会。39.cry oneself to sleep 哭着入睡短语:cry myself to sleep 我哭着入睡例句:I used to cry myself to sleep every night.以前我每天晚上都哭着入睡。40.wake up 醒;醒来拓展:wake v. 唤醒,醒来;唤起,激起例句:You will automatically wake up after this length of time.你将在这段时间之后自然醒来。拓展:wake up还可以作“叫醒”,是“动词+副词”结构,名词作宾语时,名词可放在 wake 与 up 之间或 up 后面;人称代词作宾语时,应将人称代词放在 wake 与 up 之间。His mother often wakes him up at 5:00 in the morning.他妈妈经常早上5点把他叫醒。41.come and go 来去拓展:come 来,go 去例句:They were able to come and go at will.他们能够来去自由。42.take somebody's place 替代某人短语:take place 发生,举行例句:Who will take her place 谁来替她呢?拓展:in place of 代替……,顶替You can use bananas in place of apples.你可以用香蕉代替苹果。43.heart /hɑ t/ n. 心短语:heart rate 心率例句:His heart was beating wildly.他的心脏剧烈地跳着。e along 出现短语:come along with 随同;伴同例句:I'm not getting married in a hurry—I'm waiting for Mr Right to come along.我不想匆忙结婚——我在等着如意郎君的出现。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览