资源简介

(共28张PPT)
Understanding ideas (语法)
Unit 2 Getting along
现在完成时2
肯定句：主语 + have/has + V过去分词 + 其他
否定句：主语 + haven't/hasn't + V过去分词 + 其他
一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + V过去分词 + 其他？
回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. / No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.
现在完成时的构成：have/has + V过去分词
Review
Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise
the grammar rules.
(a)The Giant has been away for a long time.
(b)Since then, he hasn't seen a child there.
这是两个现在完成时的句子，结构为have/has +动词过去分词，表达的含义为某一行为从过去开始一直持续到现在，还有可能持续下去。
Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage.
现在完成时表“持续”
用法：表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在。
常用时间状语(标志词)：for + 一段时间；since + 过去时间点
for示例：for three months（三个月）、for a year（一年）
since示例：since Friday（自从周五）、since last year（自从去年）
例句：
I have lived here for 5 years.（我已经住在这5年了---我过去住在这，现在还住在这，将来还有可能继续住在这）。
I have had the dog for three months now.
这条狗我现在已经养了三个月了。
We have played football for a year now.
我们现在已经踢了一年的足球了。
I have been like this since Friday.
从周五开始我就一直这样。
I have not done much exercise since I got my computer last year.
自从去年有了电脑，我就没怎么锻炼了。
练习：
1. My brother has been in Beijing ______ 2020.
2. We have known each other ______ five years.
3. She hasn’t eaten anything ______ this morning.
4. They have lived in this house ______ a long time.
5. He has worked in this company ______ he graduated from college.
6. I have had this bike ______ three months.
7. The rain has lasted ______ 8 o’clock.
since
for
since
for
since
for
since
注意：for + 一段时间；since + 过去时间点
当现在完成时与“for + 一段时间”或“since + 时间点”连用时，动词必须是延续性动词
关键知识点
延续性动词：表示能够持续进行的动作或存在的状态，如 live（居住）、study（学习）、have（拥有）、be（是，存在）等。
非延续性动词：也叫瞬间动词，表示动作在短时间内完成，不能持续，如 finish（完成）、see（看见）、come（来）、go（去）、die（死亡）等。
延续性动词与非延续性动词
1
We have played football for a year now.（“play”是延续性动词，我们现在已经踢了一年的足球了。）
2
I have been like this since Friday.（“be”是延续性动词，从周五开始我就一直这样。）
3
I have not done much exercise since I got my computer last year.（“do”是延续性动词，自从去年有了电脑，我就没怎么锻炼了。）
例句：
非延续性动词表持续的转化
当需要用非延续性动词表示持续时，要将其转化为对应的延续性动词形式。
常见转化示例：
(1)用意义相同或相近的延续性动词替代。如：
borrow→keep, buy→have, become →be, fall ill →be ill,
fall asleep→ be asleep
（2）、用“be+形容词”替代。如：
die→be dead, open→be open， end/finish → be over,
（3）、用“be+介词或副词”替代。如：
leave→be away, begin/start→ be on, join→be in/be a member of,
come→be in, go→be away, come back→be back
例句：
He came here yesterday. →
He has been here since yesterday.（他昨天来的。→ 他从昨天就在这儿了。）
She bought a book last week. →
She has had the book for a week.（她上周买了一本书。→ 她拥有这本书一周了。）
1．The old man _______ for ten years.
A．died B．has died C．has been dead D．has been died
2.判断对错He has left Beijing for a week. ( )
He has been away from Beijing for a week. ( )
3．The astronaut is so tired that he (asleep) for five hours.
4．I (buy) the dictionary for two years.
5．The bookshop (open) since last year.
6．Jim (leave) from his hometown for three months.
7．—I ________ my home since ten years ago.
—That’s really a long time.
A．left B．have left C．have been away from
C
has been away
has been open
have had
has been asleep
√
×
C
注意：短暂性动词（瞬间动词；非延续动词）可以用于完成时，但是不能与延续性的for、since连用。补充：区分动词延续不延续，可以在前面加“一直”，说得通就是延续性动词，说不通就是非延续性动词
针对“持续”的提问
提问方式：对现在完成时的时间状语（表持续时长）提问，常用 how long。
例句：
How long have you had the dog （这条狗你养了多久了？）
How long have you played football （你踢足球踢了多长时间了？）
How long have you been like this （你这个样子有多久了？）
规则：表示某一行为或状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，需使用不同的时态。
例句对比（以“在酒店住一周”为例）：
过去时：I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer.（“stay”是延续性动词，去年夏天我在这家酒店住了一周。）—— 讲去年夏天的事，用一般过去时。
现在完成时：I have stayed in the hotel for a week now.（“stay”是延续性动词，迄今我已在这家酒店住了一周了。）—— 到现在为止住了一周，用现在完成时。
将来时：I will stay in the hotel for a week next month.（“stay”是延续性动词，下个月我要在这家酒店住一周时间。）—— 讲下个月的事，用一般将来时。
1
2
3
4
时态选择：根据终止时间
I have collected 300 stamps.（“collect”是延续性动词，我已经收集了300枚邮票。）
用法：除表示持续至今的行为或状态外，现在完成时还表示到目前为止量的累积，此时动词可以是延续性或非延续性动词（若为非延续性动词，强调动作发生的次数累积）。
I have learnt 20 English songs.（“learn”是延续性动词，我已经学会了20首英文歌曲。）
例句：
He has seen this movie twice.（“see”是非延续性动词，他已经看过这部电影两次了。）
现在完成时表“量的累积”
He _______ (live) in Beijing _______ 2010.
She _______ (buy) a pen yesterday. She _______ (have) it for a day.
The old man ____ ___ (die) for ten years.
They _______ (finish) their project. They can have a rest now.
We _______ (visit) many cities so far.
1
2
3
4
5
课堂小练习1
用合适的时态或动词形式填空：
has lived
since
has been dead
bought
has had
have finished
have visited
课堂小练习2
since
for
since
课堂小练习3
offers
since
have been
for
enjoys
since
since
for
重点短语：
share a lot of happy monents 分享许多幸福时刻
priceless gifts 无价的礼物
offer sth 提供某物
offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
plan to do sth 计划做某事
give away 免费赠送、分发
make sb do sth使得某人做某事
set up 建立、创建
social media pages社交媒体主页
根据汉语意思，完成句子。
1. 这家商店每年都会免费赠送玩具给贫困儿童。
The shop ______ ______ toys to poor children for free every year.
2. 他主动提出帮我建立一个社交媒体主页。He ______ ______ ______ me
______ ______ a ______ ______ ______.
3. 这些照片记录了我们分享的许多幸福时刻，它们是无价的礼物。
These photos record a lot of ______ ______ that we shared, and they are ______ ______.
gives away
social media page
offered to help
happy moments
set up
priceless gifts
现在完成时可表“持续”（需用延续性动词，常与for/since连用，用how long提问，非延续性动词需转化）、“完成”（可用非延续性动词，不与表时间段的状语连用）、“量的累积”（动词可为延续或非延续性）。
01
时态选择要根据动作的终止时间判断。
02
总结
作业
用现在完成时（表持续、完成或量的累积）写5个句子，描述自己的生活或学习情况，注意延续性和非延续性动词的正确使用。
1.We ______ to the museum three times, so we don’t want to go there again.
A. go B. went C. have gone D. have been
2. — ______ your father ______ smoking
— Yes. He hasn’t smoked for half a year.
A. Has; given up B. Did; give up C. Will; give up D. Does; give up
3.The little girl ______ her toy bear since she was 3 years old. She can’t find it now and is crying.
A. has had B. had C. has bought D. bought
4.— How long ______ it ______ to get to your hometown by train
— About 5 hours, but I haven’t taken the train there recently.
A. does; take B. has; taken C. did; take D. will; take
5.The team ______ five games in a row this season, and they are sure to win the next one.
A. wins B. won C. has won D. will win
巩固练习
D
A
A
A
C
My parents (never travel) abroad. They plan to visit Japan next year.
— ______ you ______ (receive) the invitation from Lucy
— Not yet. Maybe it’s still on the way.
3.The students (prepare) for the English exam for two weeks. They are ready for it now.
4.He (not finish) reading the novel yet, because he has been busy with his work.
5.Our school (build) two new libraries since 2022. Now more students can read there.
have never traveled
have received
has built
have prepared
hasn’t finished
句型转换
1. Tom has learned to play the piano for 5 years.（对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ Tom ______ to play the piano
2. They have already cleaned the classroom.（改为否定句）
They ______ cleaned the classroom ______.
3. I bought this new phone last month.（改为现在完成时）
I ______ ______ this new phone since last month.
4. He has lived in Beijing since he was born.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ ______he ______ in Beijing
How long has learned
haven’t yet
have had
How long has lived

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