资源简介

(共57张PPT)
Welcome Unit
人教版2019必修第一册
Period 3
Discovering useful structures
目 录
CONTENTS
PART01. Lead in
PART02. Language Points
PART03. The function of Sentence Structures
PART04. Practice
PART05. Summary
PART07. Homework
PART06. Assessment
学习目标
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
1：review and learn about the elements of sentences and eight basic sentence structures of English;
2： correctly grasp the eight basic sentence structures of simple sentences and analyse the structure of the sentences;
3：master and use the basic sentence structures flexibly.
Lead in
Part One
Language Points
Part Two
Language Points
教材原句 p.6 Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student .
汤姆期待见到新的交换生。
1. look forward to 盼望；期待（to 是介词）
I’m really looking forward to my holiday. 我热切盼望着假期的到来。
【归纳拓展】
look forward to + n. /pron. /v. -ing，to 是介词，类似的短语还有：
lead to 导致；通向 be used to 习惯于
stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意
get down to 开始认真做 contribute to 有助于；促成
A diet that is high in fat can lead to obesity.高脂肪的饮食可能会导致肥胖。
Perhaps he should have stuck to writing. 或许他本该坚持写作。
Language Points
单句语法填空
（1） We’re looking forward to 　　 　　　（invite）to a formal dinner.
（2） We are looking forward to 　　　 （listen）to his speech.
（3）The summer holiday she was looking forward to 　　　　（come）at last.
（4） The woman got down to　 　　　（clean）the room as soon as she got home.
完成句子
（5） 我盼望着尽快收到你的来信。
______________________________________________________
being invited
listening
I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
cleaning
came
Language Points
And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to
come out. (P6) 一整天的学习之后，他喜欢看着太阳落山，等待星星出来。
go down
(1) （日、月）落到地平线下，落下；（船等）下沉，沉没
例句
I like watching the sun go down over the ocean.
我喜欢看海上落日。
The ship went down to the bottom of the sea on a stormy night.
那艘船在一个暴风雨之夜沉入海底。
2
Language Points
(2) （物价等）下跌，（温度等）下降
例句
The price of new houses in the city has gone down since the end of March.
自三月底以来这个城市的新房价格下降。
(3) 被记下，被写下，载入（*不用于被动语态）
搭配
go down in history 名垂青史
例句
The firemen who died when they were fighting the fire will go down in history for their brave deeds.
在救火中牺牲的消防队员因为勇敢的行为而被后人铭记。
Language Points
And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to
come out. (P6) 一整天的学习之后，他喜欢看着太阳落山，等待星星出来。
come out
(1) （太阳、月亮或星星）出现，露出
The sun had come out to warm his back. 太阳出来了，把他后背晒得暖洋洋的。
(2) （花）盛开
I will remember the day forever when the tulips in the garden started to come out.
我会永远记得花园里的郁金香刚刚盛开的那一天。
(3) 被获知，为人所知
The truth is beginning to come out about what happened. 真相开始逐渐浮出水面。
(4) 出版，发行
When will your new book come out 你的新书什么时候出版？
Language Points
【即学即练：语法填空】
As the Spring Festival was coming, the children looked forward to __________ (meet) their grandparents in the hometown.
The day we had been looking forward to _________ (come) at last.
【即学即练：词义辨析】
People hope the prices of goods will go down. _________________
He will go down in history as a great statesman (政治家). ______________________
We sat and watched the sun go down. _______________________
The sun came out from behind the clouds late in the afternoon. ________________
The first novel has received good reviews (书评) since it came out last month.
________________
The roses in the garden came out early this year. __________________
meeting
came
（物价等）下跌
被记下，被写入，载入
（日、月）落到地平线下
出现
出版，发行
（花）盛开
Language Points
主语;定语
间接宾语
谓语;状语
定语
状语
定语;表语
宾语;状语
谓语;主语
表语
主语;表语
指出下列句子中画线部分所做的句子成分
1.The students got on the school bus.　　　　　　　
2.He handed me the newspaper.　　　　　　　
3.I shall answer your question after class.　　　　　　
4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!　　　　
5.They went hunting together early in the morning.　　　　
6.His job is to train swimmers.　　　　　　　　
7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.　　　　　　　　
8.There is going to be an American film tonight.　　　　　　　　　
9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.　　　　　
10.His wish is to become a scientist.　　　　　　　
Language Points
判断下列句子分别属于哪种基本句子结构。
1．The bread tastes delicious.
2．I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside.
3．He bought me a birthday present.
4．I could not make him change his mind.
5．The temperature has changed.
6．They talked for half an hour.
7．He has accepted our invitation.
SVP
SVOA
S V IO DO
SVOC
SV
SVA
SVO
The function of Sentence Structures
Part Three
定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
定义
S 表示 “主语（subject）”
V 表示 “谓语（predicate）”
O 表示 “宾语（object）”
IO 表示 “间接宾语（indirect object）”
DO 表示 “直接宾语（direct object）”
P 表示 “表语（predicative）”
Attr.表示定语 (attributive)
A 表示 “状语（adverbial）”
C 表示 “补足语（complement）”
Subject 主语
在句子中，主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。
I am the head of the family.
Seeing is believing.
To say is one thing, and to do is another.
Two in distress makes the sorrow less.
What he said in the meeting impressed me a lot.
It is said that the elephant is round like a tree.
The sun rises in the east.
代词
动名词
不定式
数词
从句
主语从句
名词
Subject 主语
招新部门：宣传部
招新部门：宣传部
主语
名词
代词
动名词
不定式
数词
从句
It 形式主语
充当主语的成分
Let's draw a mindmap 导图
找出下列句子中的主语
1. My hotel is near downtown, in the Mission District, one of the oldest parts of the city.
2. The girl he gave the flowers to is Rose.
3.I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me.
4.It seems to me that the traditional Chinese dress will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British students.
名词作主语
从句作主语
代词作主语
名词作主语
名词作主语
动名词作主语
It作形式主语
Practice
Predicate 谓语
谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。判断的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系，如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态，如果是被动关系就用被动语态。
1. She loves English.
2. He can speak Chinese.
3. They are tired.
4. He looks happy.
5. We didn’t finish homework yesterday.
loves
实义动词
can speak
情态动词+V原
are
系动词
looks
系动词
didn't finish
助动词+V原
Predicate 谓语
找出下列句子中的谓语
Practice
1. I am writing to ask for your guidance on a short play
2. He looked after two orphans.
3. Our school was built in 2017.
4. He can speak English very well.
5. The work must be done before three o’clock
6. This film is pretty interesting.
7. He seems unhappy.
简单谓语：实义动词
简单谓语：实义动词短语
简单谓语：实义动词
复合谓语：情态动词+实义动词
复合谓语：情态动词+实义动词
复合谓语：系动词+表语
复合谓语：系动词+表语
Object 宾语
宾语表示谓语动作的对象或承受者，一般位于
及物动词和介词的后面，受到主语的限制和制约。宾语一般由名词(短语)、宾格代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式或宾语从句充当，根据需要也可用it作形式宾语。
名词
数词
动词不定式
动名词
宾语从句
形式宾语
间接宾语
直接宾语
Object 宾语
人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语
1.They saw an exhibition yesterday.
2. How many dictionaries do you have I have five.
3. She wants to join the club.
4. I enjoyed listening to popular music.
5. I think he is fit for his office.
6. People find it important to get a good education.
7. He told us a story.
找出下列句子中的宾语
Practice
1. Richard does not like his job.
2. Monica decide to solve the problem on her own.
3. The young man risk losing his life to save the girl.
4. They offered me the job.
5. I would like you to give us your guidance and encouragement.
名词短语作宾语
不定式短语作宾语
间接宾语+直接宾语
宾语+宾语补足语
动名词短语作宾语
Predicative 表语
表语一般位于系动词(如be,become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后，用以说明主语这个“主子”的身份、特征和状态等，一般由名词、名词性物主代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当。
表语
表语
Her mother is a teacher.
I am ten.
He became rich and successful.
Everyone is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach them English.
（名词）
（数词）
（形容词）
（副词）
（介词短语）
（不定式）
找出下列句子中的表语
Practice
1. They are exchange students
2. Needless to say, they were deeply moved.
3.That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
名词短语作表语
形容词短语作表语
从句作表语
4.Julie always looks cheerful.
形容词作表语
5.My favourite sport is running.
6.So attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested in the exhibition.
动名词作表语
形容词作表语
Attribute 定语
修饰或限定名词、代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。定语可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词和从句等充当。定语有前置和后置两种情况，短语结构、从句等作定语时，常置于被修饰词之后。
定语
前置定语
后置定语
特殊情况
形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、动名词、分词等单个词充当
形容词短语、介词短语、地点方位副词、不定式短语、分词短语、从句等充当
如果被修饰词为some、any、every、no 和thing/ body/one 等构成的复合不定代词，定语要后置
找出下列句子中的定语
Practice
1. This is a difficult problem
2. He works in a trade company.
3. The lady was carrying a basket full of vegetables.
4. The girl in white is his sister.
5. Do you know the man speaking to our headmaster
形容词作前置定语
名词作前置定语
介词短语作后置定语
现在分词短语作后置定语
形容词短语作后置定语
6. We should adapt to the changing situation quickly.
现在分词作前置定语
Adverbial 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、条件、让步、方式、程度等。状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等充当。
1. How about meeting again at six
2. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
3. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
4. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.
5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
6. She sat there, reading a book.
7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
9. she works very hard though she is old.
10. I am taller than he is.
时间
原因
条件
地点
方式
伴随
目的
结果
让步
比较
Adverbial 状语
找出下列句子中的宾语
Practice
The next day, we set off early in the morning.
从句作条件状语
介词短语作时间状语
We are training very hard these days.
副词作程度状语
When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents.
从句作时间状语
If you want a deep experience in the city, shared bikes would be the best choice.
complement 补足语
补语也叫补足语，主要起补充说明的作用，最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语，所以说它寄人篱下，成不了“主人”。补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语或从句充当。
找出下列句子中的补语
Practice
现在分词短语作主语补足语
名词短语作宾语补足语
形容词短语作宾语补足语
过去分词短语作宾语补足语
形容词短语作主语补足语
1. We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.
2. He was seen playing basketball on the playground yesterday.
3. We'll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful.
4. Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students.
5. Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.
Appositive 同位语
对句子中的名词(短语)或代词作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。英语句子表达中一般情况下是没有同位语的，所以说它爱玩失踪，如果要对前面的名词的具体内容作进一步的说明，这时候就需要同位语，可谓“显露原形”。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。
找出下列句子中的同位语
Practice
1. I'm Li Jin, a student at Chenguang High School.
从句作同位语
4. We each have an English name now.
名词短语作同位语
2. The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.
代词作同位语
5. The news that our team has won again is true.
从句作同位语
3. This is Mr Li, our headmaster.
名词短语作同位语
基本句子结构
定语
前置定语
后置定语
特殊情况
形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、动名词、分词等单个词充当
形容词短语、介词短语、地点方位副词、不定式短语、分词短语、从句等充当
如果被修饰词为some、any、every、no 和thing/ body/one 等构成的复合不定代词，定语要后置
简单句的基本句型
主语+谓语 SV
All of us laughed!
He is playing.
He will come.
主语+表语 SP
谓语是主语所做的动作。
表语是对主语特征的描述。
The teacher was kind and friendly.
She is beautiful.
He is a doctor.
主语+谓语+宾语 SVO
谓语必须是及物动词。
I miss my grandma.
She is learning French.
He enjoys reading.
There be 句型
There’s a lot to explore at senior high.
There are two people waiting outside.
There must be easier ways of doing this.
注意主谓一致，遵循“就近原则”。
简单句的基本句型
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 S V IO DO
He told us a funny story.
I bought my father a present.
She showed her students the technique.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 SVOC
直接宾语和间接宾语一般都是名词或代词。
I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
They named their cat Huahua.
宾语补足语与其前面的宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系，可以是形容词、名词、介词短语、副词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
简单句的基本句型
主语+谓语+状语 SVA
He talked too much.
All students worked very hard.
It rains heavily.
主语+谓语+宾语+状语 SVOA
I had my first maths class at senior high school.
I go to the cinema every weekend.
He loves his new bike a lot.
谓语是不及物动词。
谓语是及物动词。
简单句的基本句型
Practice
Part Four
Exercise
EXAMPLE: We laughed.
S V
1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city.
2. We must act.
3. The maths homework looks easy.
4. The teacher found the classroom empty.
5. My mum bought me a new dictionary.
6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
7. There is an English Corner at our school.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
Read the sentences and analyse the structures. (P6-2)
Exercise
1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city.
2. We must act.
3. The maths homework looks easy.
4. The teacher found the classroom empty.
5. My mum bought me a new dictionary.
6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
7. There is an English Corner at our school.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
S V A
S V
S P
S V O C
S V IO DO
S V O
There be ...
S V O A
Exercise
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There’s always something exciting to do. And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea!
Read the passage and analyse the structures of underlined sentences. (P6-3)
S V
S V A
S
S V IO DO
There be ...
S P
V IO DO
V O
Summary
Part Five
Summary
主语
S (subject)
谓语
V (verb)
表语
P (predicative)
宾语
O (object)
状语
A (adverbial)
间接宾语
IO (indirect object)
宾语补足语
OC (object complement)
直接宾语
DO (direct object)
英语中的八种句子成分
Summary
主语+谓语(不及物动词)
SV
主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语
SVA
主语+(系动词)+表语
SP
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
SVO
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语
SVOA
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
SVOO
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
SVOC
英语中的八种基本句型
There be...
Assessment
Part Six
Self-evaluation
Things I can do Scores I can identify the main sentence components (subject, predicate, object, predicative). 5 3 1
I can distinguish between secondary components (attributive, adverbial, complement, appositive). 5 3 1
I can analyze the eight basic English sentence structures (e.g., SV, SP, SVO, SVOO). 5 3 1
I can construct sentences using different structures correctly (including There be 句型). 5 3 1
Homework
Part Seven
Homework
Write a short composition to describe your first day of school using the basic structures.
Thank You

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