2026年上海中考英语一轮备考语法专题01:冠词精讲精练(教师版+学生版)

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2026年上海中考英语一轮备考语法专题01:冠词精讲精练(教师版+学生版)

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2026年上海中考英语一轮备考语法专题01:冠词精讲精练
教师版
冠词知识点扫描
冠词的意义:冠词放在名词前面,用来说明名词所指的人或事物。
不定冠词 a/an
1. 不定冠词a/an的区别: a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前, an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。
如: an apple an orange an egg a bike a desk an old bike a big island
(
不定冠词
a/an
口诀:
冠词
a/an
两种帽,
单数可数名词要;选帽只要听读音,
不看字母能做到;若是元音来开头,
一定需要选
an
帽;辅音起首戴
a
帽,
记住规律别乱套。
)
注意:判断一个词是元音开头还是辅音开头,是根据其读音,而不是根据其首字母。
2.关于U字母开头单词的冠词如何添加
U型大法: 注意区别以u开头的单词,有两种读音
[ j ] a university a useful book a European country a usual day
[ ] an umbrella an uncle an unhappy boy an ugly boy an unusual thing
(
一位叔叔在一个平常的日子里拿着一把雨伞和一本有用的书,去一所大学看望一个丑陋的不开心的男孩儿,做了一件不平常的事。
)
隔山打牛:注意h开头的单词有两种情况,一种发音,另一种不发音。
发音: a head a hand
不发音: an hour an honor an honesty man
吸星大法:单词中的单个字母:26个字母中
前面用a: 其他14个
前面用an: a, e, I, o, f, h, m, n, s, l, x, r (共12个)
There is an ” o” in the word ”honor”. There is an “f” in the word “five”.
【练习】
1.(2025·上海松江·一模)It is ________ honour for me to be chosen as a group leader of our class project.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我很荣幸被选为班级项目的组长。
考查冠词。honour是单数名词,且是以元音音素开头,使用不定冠词an,表示泛指。故选B。
2.(2025·上海普陀·一模)Giving ________ example is a great way to explain a new idea.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:举个例子是解释一个新想法的好方法。
考查冠词。a一,后接以辅音音素开头的单词;an一,后接以元音音素开头的单词;/零冠词;the这,定冠词。根据“Giving...example is a great way to explain a new idea.”可知,此处表示举一个例子,表泛指的“一”,且example以元音音素开头,故应用an。故选B。
3.(2025·上海长宁·一模)Maria is known as ________ honest girl, and her word is always trusted.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:玛丽亚是出了名的诚实姑娘,她的话总是可信的。
考查冠词辨析。a一,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the特指。根据“honest girl”可知,此处泛指“一个诚实的女孩”,且honest是元音音素开头的单词。故选B。
4.(2025·上海奉贤·一模)______ great APP that Kitty designed for the elderly to call a taxi!
A.What an B.What a C.What D.How
【答案】B
【详解】句意:凯蒂为老人设计的一款打车应用程序是多么的棒啊!
考查感叹句。分析句子可知,本句的中心词是单数名词APP,所以用what引导感叹句,结构是“What+a/an+形容词+单数名词(+主谓)!”,空后great首字母发辅音音素,所以不定冠词用a。故选B。
5.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)Detective Ken spent years dealing with ________ unsolved case from history.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:Ken警探花了数年时间处理一个历史上未破的案子。
考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词表示特指;/零冠词,用于三餐以及球类前。根据“dealing with … unsolved case from history”可知,此处应指处理一个历史上未破的案子,并没有特指是哪一具体案件,因此应用不定冠词表示泛指,unsolved为元音音素开头的单词,其前应用an。故选B。
6.(2025·上海青浦·一模)Could you please do me ________ favour and pass this message to John
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:请帮我一个忙,把这个信息传达给约翰好吗?
考查冠词。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the为特指。由于favour是以辅音音素开头的可数名词,此处泛指一个忙,用不定冠词a。故选A。
7.(2024·上海黄浦·二模)Summer is here! Let’s go for ________ swim!
A.a B.an C.the D./·
【答案】A
【详解】句意:夏天来了!我们去游泳吧!
考查冠词。for是介词,其后跟名词或动名词作宾语,所以空后的swim应是名词,go for a swim“游个泳”,固定搭配,故选A。
8.(2024·上海徐汇·一模)As ________ art teacher, Mr Lee shares classic music pieces around the world to the class.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:作为一名美术老师,李先生在课堂上分享世界各地的经典音乐作品。
考查冠词的用法。此处表示泛指“一名美术老师”,结合空后“art”以元音音素开头,所以应用不定冠词an。故选B。
9.(23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期末)My mum dropped ________ earring while running in the park this morning.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:今天早上我妈妈在公园跑步时掉了一只耳环。
考查冠词辨析。a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前;/不填;the特指。根据“earring”可知,此处表泛指且earring是元音音素开头的单数名词。故选B。
10.(23-24九年级上·上海虹口·期末)The plane will take off in ________ hour. Please check in right now.
A./ B.an C.a D.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:飞机一小时后起飞。请立即办理登机手续。
考查冠词。此处泛指“一个小时”,hour以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故选B。
11.(23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期末)When Alan was still ________ university student, he published his first novel.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当艾伦还是个大学生的时候,他出版了他的第一部小说。
考查冠词。根据“When Alan was still ... university student”可知,此处泛指“一个大学生”,且university是以辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a,故选A。
12.(2024·上海崇明·一模)Learning from family members is ________ good way to get wisdom and courage.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:向家人学习是获得智慧和勇气的好方法。
考查冠词。根据题干可知,此处表示泛指,且good是以辅音音素开头,应用a。故选A。
13.(2024·上海浦东新·二模)Kitty and her family spent their winter holiday on _______ island in southern China.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:基蒂和她的家人在中国南方的一个岛上度过了他们的寒假。
考查冠词辨析。根据“island in southern China”可知,此处需要不定冠词表示泛指,island是元音音素开头,an符合句意,故选B。
14.(2024·上海松江·二模)The poor little girl never dreamed of living in such ________ European palace one day.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个可怜的小女孩做梦也想不到有一天能住在这样一座欧洲宫殿里。
考查冠词辨析。a一个,不定冠词,表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,不定冠词,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指;/零冠词。此处表示泛指的含义,应用不定冠词;根据空后的“European”是以辅音音素开头的单词可知,此处应用a。故选A。
15.(2024·上海金山·二模)Blossoms Shanghai (繁花) is ________ excellent TV series. It has won high praise.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:《繁花》是一部优秀的电视剧。它赢得了高度赞扬。
考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一部电视剧,“excellent”首字母发元音音素,故选B。
16.(2024·上海崇明·二模)Our English teacher gave us _________ example of how to use this E-book.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们的英语老师给我们举了一个如何用这本电子书的例子。
考查冠词用法。a一个,不定冠词表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,不定冠词表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词表特指。根据“gave us...example of how to use this E-book”可知,此处泛指“一个”例子,且example为元音音素开头的单词,所以选填an。故选B。
17.(2024·上海杨浦·三模)The teenagers had _______ good time during the winter camp in their sister school.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:青少年们在他们的姐妹学校的冬令营里玩得很开心。
考查冠词辨析。a是不定冠词,修饰单数名词表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前面;an是不定冠词,修饰单数名词表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前面;the是定冠词,表特指;/表示零冠词。good以辅音音素开头,have a good time“玩得愉快”,是固定短语,故选A。
18.(23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末)The soup is tasteless. Pass me ________ salt over there, please!
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这汤无味。请把那边的盐递给我!
考查冠词用法。a“一个”,表示泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an“一个”,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the“这/那个,这/那些”,表特指;/表示不填,零冠词。根据“over there”可知,此处特指那儿的盐,用the。故选C。
19.(23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期末)Volunteering in the local shelter can make ________ difference to those in need.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在当地避难所的志愿服务可以对于那些需要的人产生影响。
考查冠词。根据“Volunteering in the local shelter can make ... difference to those in need.”可知,此处是固定短语make a difference“产生影响”。故选A。
20.(23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期末)________ amazing play we watched in the City Theatre last night!
A.What a B.What an C.What D.How
【答案】B
【详解】句意:昨晚我们在城市剧院看了一出多么精彩的戏剧啊!
考查感叹句。感叹句中心词是可数名词单数play,且amazing的第一个发音为元音,用感叹句结构what an adj. n.+主谓。故选B。
21.(2024·上海宝山·一模)The little boy picked up the money and handed it to the police officer. ________ honest boy he is!
A.How B.What C.What a D.What an
【答案】D
【详解】句意:小男孩捡起钱递给警察。他是一个多么诚实的男孩!
考查感叹句和冠词辨析。句子是感叹句,中心词是可数名词单数boy,且honest以元音音素开头,用结构what an adj. n.+主谓。故选D。
22.(2024·上海松江·一模)“To do a good job, you’d better focus on one task at ________ time,” said the teacher.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“要把工作做好,你最好一次只做一件事,”老师说。
考查冠词用法。根据“you’d better focus on one task at … time”可知,此处是指一次做一件事,应用不定冠词表示泛指,且time是以辅音音素开头的单词,用a。故选A。
23.(2024·上海奉贤·二模)________ beautiful screen the phone has! It has changed our opinion on mobile phones.
A.What B.How C.What a D.What an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这部手机的屏幕真漂亮!它改变了我们对手机的看法。
考查感叹句。句子是感叹句,中心词是可数名词单数screen,beautiful以辅音音素开头,用感叹句结构:what a adj. n.+主谓。故选C。
24.(2024·上海奉贤·二模)Be careful, please. You missed ________ “h” in the word “honest” again.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:请小心。你又漏了“honest ”这个词里的“h”。
考查冠词。a表示特指,不定冠词,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an表示泛指,不定冠词,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the表特指,定冠词;/表示不填,零冠词。根据“missed …‘h’”可知,此处是指漏掉了一个字母“h”,应用不定冠词表示泛指;字母“h”的发音为/e t /,第一个音/e /为元音,应用an。故选B。
25.(2024·上海青浦·二模)Zhujiajiao is ________ amazing ancient town and it attracts millions of tourists every year.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:朱家角是一个令人惊叹的古镇并且每年吸引数以万计的游客。
考查冠词。a一个,修饰辅音音素开头的单词;an修饰元音音素的单词;the表特指;/零冠词。根据“Zhujiajiao is...amazing ancient town”可知,此处表达朱家角是一个古镇,表示泛指,amazing是以元音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词an修饰。故选B。
26.(2024·上海静安·二模)________ exhausting day at work! I feel too tired to say a word!
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
【答案】C
【详解】句意:工作的一天真累人啊!我觉得太累了,一句话也说不出来!
考查感叹句。感叹句的中心词是可数名词单数day,exhausting以元音音素开头,用感叹句结构:What +an + adj. + 可数名词单数+ (主谓)。故选C。
27.(2024·上海杨浦·三模)_______ wonderful day it is! Shall we go for a picnic
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
【答案】B
【详解】句意:多么美好的一天!我们去野餐好吗?
考查感叹句的用法。此处感叹句的中心词是可数名词单数day,wonderful是辅音音素开头,用感叹句结构:what a adj. n.+主谓。故选B。
定冠词the的用法
1. 必须用定冠词the的一些情况:
特指某(些)人或某(些)事物. The shoes under the chair are mine. (特指椅子下的鞋子)
复述上文提过的人或事物. Sam has a robot. The robot is super. the robot就是前一句提到的a robot。
表示世界上独一无二的事物. the sun, the moon。
在乐器名称前. play the violin/piano/guitar/drum
在序数词、形容词(原级/最高级)和表示方位的名词前. I live on the second floor.
Linda is the tallest girl in my class.
It often snows in the North.
The poor need our help very much.
在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前. the Yellow River/Nile/Huangpu River
在姓名复数形式前,指一家人. The Smiths had a picnic yesterday.
2.总结
方位与时间类
in the east(在东方) on the left(在左边) in the morning(在早上) at the same time(同时)
乐器与艺术类
play the piano(弹钢琴) play the violin(拉小提琴)
形容词与序数词类
the more...the better(越多越好) the first day(第一天)
the tallest building(最高的建筑)
表示特定群体
the rich(富人) the poor(穷人) the young(年轻人)
固定短语
by the way(顺便问一下) on the whole(总的来说) in the middle of(在...中间)
专有名词类
the Great Hall of the People(人民大会堂) the United Nations(联合国)
the Spring Festival(春节)
零冠词的用法
1.用在某些专有名词如人名、地名、国名、物质名词、抽象名词前表泛指
China is a great country. Mary lives in New York.
2.用在三餐、棋类、球类运动及学科名词前,(三餐前有定语修饰时要用冠词)
I went to school without breakfast this morning. He often plays football after school.
3.用在与by连用的交通工具名词前,但take a bus , in a boat , on the bike 前需要用冠词。
I go to school by bike. My father takes a bus to work.
4.用在某些固定词组或习惯用语中
(
day and night
日日夜夜
watch TV
看电视
at first/last
首先
/
最后
in trouble/danger
在危险中
on foot
步行
on duty /watch
值班
on time
准时
in time
及时
go to school /work
去上学
/
去工作
by bus/plane /ship
乘公共汽车
/
乘飞机
/
坐船
at noon/night / dawn
在中午
/
晚上
/
黎明
in bed
卧病在床
)
★零冠词记忆口诀:
(
下列情况应免冠

交通方式和节日,
学科

球棋

三餐;
星期、月份、季节
前;
三餐、球类、惯用语;
)
【练习】
1.(2025·上海虹口·一模)Choosing food of different colors is a great way to add ________ variety to our diet.
A.a B.an
C.the D./
【答案】D
【详解】句意:选择不同颜色的食物是增加我们饮食多样性的好方法。
考查冠词。add variety to “增加……的多样性”,中间不加冠词。故选D。
2.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)Many apps today are designed to assist ________ blind with daily tasks.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:如今许多应用程序是为了帮助盲人完成日常任务而设计的。
考查冠词。a“一个”,后接以辅音音素开头发音的名词单数;an“一个”,后接以元音音素开头发音的名词单数;the“这”,定冠词,表示特指。根据“Many apps today are designed to assist...blind with daily tasks.”可知,如今许多应用程序是为了帮助盲人完成日常任务而设计的。the blind“盲人”,指一类人。故选C。
3.(2025·上海静安·一模)Young people are showing interest in Guofeng culture for ________ time being.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:目前,年轻人对国风文化表现出兴趣。
考查冠词。a一个,不定冠词,表泛指,常用于以辅音音素开头的字母或单词前;an一个,不定冠词,表泛指,常用于以元音音素开头的字母或单词前;the这个,定冠词。for the time being“目前”,固定搭配,此处应用the。故选C。
4.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)The giraffe’s neck is two meters long—more than half ________ length of its body.
A.the B.a C.an D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:长颈鹿的脖子有两米长,是它身体长度的一半以上。
考查冠词。此处特指长颈鹿的身体,用定冠词the。故选A。
5.(2025·上海宝山·一模)Volunteers are travelling to the disaster area to take care of ________ homeless.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:志愿者们正前往灾区照顾无家可归者。
考查冠词。根据“homeless”可知此处指无家可归者,用结构“the+形容词”表示一类人。故选C。
6.(2024·上海杨浦·一模)The soup is tasteless. Pass me ________ salt over there, please!
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这汤没有味道。请把那边的盐递给我!
考查冠词的用法。a “一个”,不定冠词表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an “一个”,不定冠词表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the “这个、那个”,定冠词表特指;/ 表示不填冠词。根据“salt over there”可知,此处表示特指,因此用定冠词the。故选C。
7.(2024·上海杨浦·二模)_________ old are taken good care of in our country.
A.A B.An C.The D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在我们国家,老年人得到了很好的照顾。
考查冠词。根据“...old are taken good care of in our country.”可知,此处主语是指老年人,应用“the+形容词”,表示一类人,故选C。
8.(2024·上海长宁·二模)I usually buy a bunch of flowers for my mom on ________ Mothers’ Day.
A.the B./ C.a D.an
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我通常在母亲节给妈妈买一束花。
考查冠词。the特指;/零冠词;a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词之前;an用于元音音素开头的单词之前。由“Mothers’ Day”可知,在西方节日前不用冠词。故选B。
9.(23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末)The soup is tasteless. Pass me ________ salt over there, please!
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这汤无味。请把那边的盐递给我!
考查冠词用法。a“一个”,表示泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an“一个”,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the“这/那个,这/那些”,表特指;/表示不填,零冠词。根据“over there”可知,此处特指那儿的盐,用the。故选C。
10.(23-24九年级上·上海长宁·期末)The hospital provides the best medical care for ________ old.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
【答案】D
【详解】句意:医院为老年人提供最好的医疗服务。
考查冠词的用法。根据“old”可知此处用“the+形容词”表示一类人,the old指老年人。故选D。
11.(23-24九年级上·上海金山·期末)Get into ________ habit of telling the truth, and you will find it really hard to tell a lie.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:养成说真话的习惯,你就会发现很难说谎。
考查冠词辨析。a一,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the特指。根据“ habit of telling the truth”可知此处特指说真话的习惯。故选C。
12.(23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末)Creating powerful characters can make your story come to ________ life.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】D
【详解】句意:创造强大的角色可以让你的故事变得栩栩如生。
考查冠词。come to life“显得逼真”为固定搭配,无需用冠词。故选D。
13.(2024·上海普陀·二模)This doctor believes that the value of his work is to help _______ sick.
A.the B./ C.an D.a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这位医生相信他工作的价值在于帮助病人。
考查冠词。the表特指;an一个,用以元音音素开头的单词;a一个,用以辅音音素开头的单词。the+形容词用来表示“这个群体的人/物”,故选A。
14.(2024·上海虹口·二模)Kate cheered on her brother all ________ way, from the starting line to the finish.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:从起跑线到终点,凯特一直为她的哥哥打气。
考查冠词。a一个,修饰辅音音素开头的单词;an修饰元音音素开头的单词;the定冠词。all the way“一路”,固定搭配。故选C。
15.(2024·上海徐汇·二模)My brother loves music and enjoys playing violin in his free time.
A.A B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我哥哥热爱音乐,空闲时间喜欢拉小提琴。
考查冠词用法。a一个,用于以辅音音素开头的单词;an一个,用于以元音音素开头的单词;the这个,一般指特指;/指不填。乐器前需加定冠词the。故选C。
16.(2024·上海闵行·二模)The government has built several factories for ________ disabled to work in the town.
A.the B.a C.an D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:政府在镇上为残疾人建了几家工厂。
考查冠词辨析。the这,那,定冠词;a一个,不定冠词,修饰发音以元音因素开头的单词;an一个,不定冠词,修饰发音以辅音因素开头的单词。结合语境可知,此处应用定冠词the修饰disabled,“the+形容词”表示同类事物,意为“残疾人”。故选A。
17.(2024·上海嘉定·二模)On my way to school, I always pass by ________ old library that was built in the 1920s.
A./ B.an C.the D.a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在上学的路上,我总是路过那个建于20世纪20年代的旧图书馆。
考查冠词。/零冠词;an不定冠词,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指;a不定冠词,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。根据“old library that was built in the 1920s.”可知该处表示特指关系,故选C。
18.(2024·上海宝山·二模)Roddy often helps his mother lay ________ table and he sets a good example for his younger brother.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:罗迪经常帮助他的母亲摆放餐具,他为弟弟树立了一个好榜样。
考查冠词。lay the table“摆放餐具”,是固定搭配。故选C。
【课后巩固】
I. Fill in the blanks with "a, an". (用 a, an 或 the,不需要的地方用/表示)
1. old coat 2. umbrella
3. man 4. rice
5. strong tiger 6. egg
7. aeroplane 8. hour
9. homework 10. deer
Keys: 1. an 2. an 3. a 4. / 5. a 6. an 7. an 8. an 9. / 10. a
【解析】1.an old coat解析: old 以元音音素 / / 开头,所以用 an 。
2. an umbrella解析: umbrella 以元音音素 / / 开头,所以用 an 。
3. a man解析: man 以辅音音素 /m/ 开头,所以用 a 。
4. / rice解析: rice 是不可数名词,前面不加冠词。
5. a strong tiger解析: strong 以辅音音素 /s/ 开头,所以用 a 。
6. an egg解析: egg 以元音音素 /e/ 开头,所以用 an 。
7. an aeroplane解析: aeroplane 以元音音素 /e / 开头,所以用 an 。
8. an hour解析: hour 以元音音素 /a / 开头(h 不发音),所以用 an 。
9. / homework解析: homework 是不可数名词,前面不加冠词。
10. a deer解析: deer 以辅音音素 /d/ 开头,所以用 a 。
II. Fill in the blanks with "a, an, the". (用a, an 或 the, 不需要的用/表示)
I have dress. dress is pink.
There is uniform on the chair.
Sue is American girl. She's from America.
There is pencil in my hand.
Is Judy playing violin
6. Wangs are visiting Great Wall.
This is milk. That's milk bottle.
We live on ninth floor.
On Saturday I often go to the supermarket with my parents.
10.This is strawberry jam. jam is sweet.
11. only child has no brothers or sisters.
12.We can see round moon in the sky.
Keys: 1. a, The 2. a 3. an, / 4. a, / 5. the 6. The, the
7. /, a 8. the 9. / 10. /, The 11. The 12.a
【解析】1.I have a dress. The dress is pink.
解析:第一次提到 dress 用 a (泛指),第二次特指用 the 。
2.There is a uniform on the chair.
解析: uniform 以辅音音素 /j/ 开头,,所以用 a 。
3.Sue is an American girl. She's from / America.
解析: American 以元音音素 / / 开头,用 an ;国家名前不加冠词。
4.There is a pencil in / my hand.
解析: pencil 用 a (泛指), my hand 前不加冠词。
5.Is Judy playing the violin
解析:乐器前必须加 the (固定搭配)。
6. The Wangs are visiting the Great Wall.
解析:姓氏复数加 the 表示一家人; Great Wall 是专有名词,需加 the 。
7.This is / milk. That's a milk bottle.
解析: milk 是不可数名词; milk bottle 是可数名词,用 a 。
8.We live on the ninth floor.
解析:序数词前必须加 the 。
9.On / Saturday I often go to the supermarket with my parents.
解析:星期名前不加冠词。
10.This is strawberry jam . The jam is sweet.
解析:第一次提到 jam 是泛指(可加 a 或 / );第二次特指用 the 。
11. The only child has no brothers or sisters.
解析: only 修饰名词时,通常加 the 表示特指。
12.We can see a round moon in the sky.
解析: moon 用 a 表示泛指(除非特指“月亮”,如 the moon )。
III. Choose the best answer.
1. As ________ art teacher, Mr Lee shares classic music pieces around the world to the class.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【详解】句意:作为一名美术老师,李先生在课堂上分享世界各地的经典音乐作品。
考查冠词的用法。此处表示泛指“一名美术老师”,结合空后“art”以元音音素开头,所以应用不定冠词an。故选B。
2. The soup is tasteless. Pass me ________ salt over there, please!
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这汤没有味道。请把那边的盐递给我!
考查冠词的用法。a “一个”,不定冠词表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an “一个”,不定冠词表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the “这个、那个”,定冠词表特指;/ 表示不填冠词。根据“salt over there”可知,此处表示特指,因此用定冠词the。故选C。
3. We’d better not throw things away for ________ time being. They’ll be useful later.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们最好暂时不要把东西扔掉。它们以后会有用的。
考查冠词用法。a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词;an一个,用于以元音音素开头的单词;the这个,表特指;/指不填。for the time being意为“暂时”,固定短语。故选C。
4. After dinner, I usually take my pet dog for ________ walk in the park.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【详解】句意:晚饭后,我通常带我的宠物狗去公园散步。
考查冠词用法。a表泛指,不定冠词,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an表泛指,不定冠词,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the表特指,定冠词;/表示不填,零冠词。根据“take my pet dog for … walk”可知,此处是指遛狗,考查take… for a walk“遛(宠物);去散步”,动词短语。故选A。
5. He is ________ European designer. He comes from ________ France.
A. an, the B. a, the C. an, / D. a, /
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他是一名欧洲的设计师。他来自法国。
考查冠词的用法。an不定冠词,泛指一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前;a不定冠词,泛指一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表示特指;/表示不用冠词。第一空泛指一个设计师,应用不定冠词,“European”是辅音音素开头的单词,应用“a”;第二空“France”是国家,专有名词前不加冠词。故选D。
6. When in ________ trouble we’d better ask our teachers, parents, friends or classmates for help.
A. the B. a C. one D. /
【答案】D
【详解】句意:当陷入困境时,我们最好向老师、父母、朋友或同学寻求帮助。
考查零冠词用法。the定冠词,表特指;a不定冠词,表泛指;one数词;/零冠词。in trouble“在困境中”,固定搭配。故选D。
7. Try to do one thing at ________ time, and do it well.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【详解】句意:一次只做一件事,并做到最好。
考查冠词辨析。a是不定冠词,修饰单数名词表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前面;an是不定冠词,修饰单数名词表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前面;the是定冠词,表特指;/表零冠词。根据题干“Try to do one thing at…time”,可知这里是强调“一次”,time泛指“次数”;time以辅音音素开头,需用a修饰,故选A。
8. The Double Ninth Festival reminds us to respect ________ elderly.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【详解】句意:重阳节提醒我们要尊敬老人。
考查冠词。a一个,表示泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,表示泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表示特指;/零冠词。elderly“上了年纪的”,定冠词the+形容词表示“一类人”。the elderly表示“老人”。故选C。
9. It’s ________ common knowledge that light travels faster than sound.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【核心短语/词汇】common knowledge:常识
【翻译】光速比声速快,这是一个常识。
【解析】本题考查冠词的使用。定冠词the表示特指,不定冠词a/an表示泛指,a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。knowledge是不可数名词,前面不能用a/an,排除A和B选项。此处的common knowledge是泛指,并不是特指某一个知识,所以不用定冠词the,排除C选项。故答案为D。
10. At ________ present, video calls are a common way for friends and families to stay in touch.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
【答案】A
【详解】句意:目前,视频通话是朋友和家人保持联系的一种常见方式。
考查冠词。/零冠词;a不定冠词,表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指。at present“目前”,固定词组。故选A。
11. Although Damin is _________ elderly man, he is strong enough to control the raft.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【详解】句意:虽然大民是个老人,但他足够强壮,可以控制木筏。
考查冠词辨析。a一个,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the这个,那个。此处第一次介绍大民是什么样的人,用不定冠词,elderly以元音音素开头,用an。故选B。
12. Frank would like to write ________ article about Archimedes.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【详解】句意:弗兰克想写一篇关于阿基米德的文章。
考查冠词辨析。a一,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the特指。根据“article”可知,此处泛指一篇文章,且“article”以元音音素开头,因此需要用不定冠词“an”。故选B。
13. It is bad manners to make ________ noise while eating soup.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】D
【详解】句意:喝汤时发出声音是不礼貌的。
考查冠词及动词短语。a表示泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an表示泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表示特指;/零冠词。make noise“制造噪音”,固定短语,中间不用任何冠词。故选D。
14. Would you mind passing me ________ dictionary next to the radio
A. a B. / C. the D. an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你介意把收音机旁边的字典递给我吗?
考查冠词。a一个,用以辅音音素开头的单词;the表特指;an一个,用以元音音素开头的单词。特指收音机旁边的那本字典,应用定冠词the。故选C。2026年上海中考英语一轮备考语法专题01:冠词精讲精练
学生版
冠词知识点扫描
冠词的意义:冠词放在名词前面,用来说明名词所指的人或事物。
不定冠词 a/an
1. 不定冠词a/an的区别: a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前, an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。
如: an apple an orange an egg a bike a desk an old bike a big island
(
不定冠词a/an口诀:
冠词a/an两种帽, 单数可数名词要;选帽只要听读音, 不看字母能做到;若是元音来开头, 一定需要选an帽;辅音起首戴a帽, 记住规律别乱套。
)
注意:判断一个词是元音开头还是辅音开头,是根据其读音,而不是根据其首字母。
2.关于U字母开头单词的冠词如何添加
U型大法: 注意区别以u开头的单词,有两种读音
[ j ] a university a useful book a European country a usual day
[ ] an umbrella an uncle an unhappy boy an ugly boy an unusual thing
(
一位叔叔在一个平常的日子里拿着一把雨伞和一本有用的书,去一所大学看望一个丑陋的不开心的男孩儿,做了一件不平常的事。
)
隔山打牛:注意h开头的单词有两种情况,一种发音,另一种不发音。
发音: a head a hand
不发音: an hour an honor an honesty man
吸星大法:单词中的单个字母:26个字母中
前面用a: 其他14个
前面用an: a, e, I, o, f, h, m, n, s, l, x, r (共12个)
There is an ” o” in the word ”honor”. There is an “f” in the word “five”.
【练习】
1.(2025·上海松江·一模)It is ________ honour for me to be chosen as a group leader of our class project.
A.a B.an C.the D./
2.(2025·上海普陀·一模)Giving ________ example is a great way to explain a new idea.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
3.(2025·上海长宁·一模)Maria is known as ________ honest girl, and her word is always trusted.
A.a B.an C.the D./
4.(2025·上海奉贤·一模)______ great APP that Kitty designed for the elderly to call a taxi!
A.What an B.What a C.What D.How
5.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)Detective Ken spent years dealing with ________ unsolved case from history.
A.a B.an C.the D./
6.(2025·上海青浦·一模)Could you please do me ________ favour and pass this message to John
A.a B.an C.the D./
7.(2024·上海黄浦·二模)Summer is here! Let’s go for ________ swim!
A.a B.an C.the D./·
8.(2024·上海徐汇·一模)As ________ art teacher, Mr Lee shares classic music pieces around the world to the class.
A.a B.an C.the D./
9.(23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期末)My mum dropped ________ earring while running in the park this morning.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
10.(23-24九年级上·上海虹口·期末)The plane will take off in ________ hour. Please check in right now.
A./ B.an C.a D.the
11.(23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期末)When Alan was still ________ university student, he published his first novel.
A.a B.an C.the D./
12.(2024·上海崇明·一模)Learning from family members is ________ good way to get wisdom and courage.
A.a B.an C.the D./
13.(2024·上海浦东新·二模)Kitty and her family spent their winter holiday on _______ island in southern China.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
14.(2024·上海松江·二模)The poor little girl never dreamed of living in such ________ European palace one day.
A.a B.an C.the D./
15.(2024·上海金山·二模)Blossoms Shanghai (繁花) is ________ excellent TV series. It has won high praise.
A.a B.an C.the D./
16.(2024·上海崇明·二模)Our English teacher gave us _________ example of how to use this E-book.
A.a B.an C.the D./
17.(2024·上海杨浦·三模)The teenagers had _______ good time during the winter camp in their sister school.
A.a B.an C.the D./
18.(23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末)The soup is tasteless. Pass me ________ salt over there, please!
A.a B.an C.the D./
19.(23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期末)Volunteering in the local shelter can make ________ difference to those in need.
A.a B.an C.the D./
20.(23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期末)________ amazing play we watched in the City Theatre last night!
A.What a B.What an C.What D.How
21.(2024·上海宝山·一模)The little boy picked up the money and handed it to the police officer. ________ honest boy he is!
A.How B.What C.What a D.What an
22.(2024·上海松江·一模)“To do a good job, you’d better focus on one task at ________ time,” said the teacher.
A.a B.an C.the D./
23.(2024·上海奉贤·二模)________ beautiful screen the phone has! It has changed our opinion on mobile phones.
A.What B.How C.What a D.What an
24.(2024·上海奉贤·二模)Be careful, please. You missed ________ “h” in the word “honest” again.
A.a B.an C.the D./
25.(2024·上海青浦·二模)Zhujiajiao is ________ amazing ancient town and it attracts millions of tourists every year.
A.a B.an C.the D./
26.(2024·上海静安·二模)________ exhausting day at work! I feel too tired to say a word!
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
27.(2024·上海杨浦·三模)_______ wonderful day it is! Shall we go for a picnic
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
定冠词the的用法
1. 必须用定冠词the的一些情况:
特指某(些)人或某(些)事物. The shoes under the chair are mine. (特指椅子下的鞋子)
复述上文提过的人或事物. Sam has a robot. The robot is super. the robot就是前一句提到的a robot。
表示世界上独一无二的事物. the sun, the moon。
在乐器名称前. play the violin/piano/guitar/drum
在序数词、形容词(原级/最高级)和表示方位的名词前. I live on the second floor.
Linda is the tallest girl in my class.
It often snows in the North.
The poor need our help very much.
在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前. the Yellow River/Nile/Huangpu River
在姓名复数形式前,指一家人. The Smiths had a picnic yesterday.
2.总结
方位与时间类
in the east(在东方) on the left(在左边) in the morning(在早上) at the same time(同时)
乐器与艺术类
play the piano(弹钢琴) play the violin(拉小提琴)
形容词与序数词类
the more...the better(越多越好) the first day(第一天)
the tallest building(最高的建筑)
表示特定群体
the rich(富人) the poor(穷人) the young(年轻人)
固定短语
by the way(顺便问一下) on the whole(总的来说) in the middle of(在...中间)
专有名词类
the Great Hall of the People(人民大会堂) the United Nations(联合国)
the Spring Festival(春节)
零冠词的用法
1.用在某些专有名词如人名、地名、国名、物质名词、抽象名词前表泛指
China is a great country. Mary lives in New York.
2.用在三餐、棋类、球类运动及学科名词前,(三餐前有定语修饰时要用冠词)
I went to school without breakfast this morning. He often plays football after school.
3.用在与by连用的交通工具名词前,但take a bus , in a boat , on the bike 前需要用冠词。
I go to school by bike. My father takes a bus to work.
4.用在某些固定词组或习惯用语中
(
day and night 日日夜夜
watch TV看电视
at first/last首先/最后
in trouble/danger在危险中
on foot步行
on duty /watch 值班
on time准时
in time及时
go to school /work 去上学/去工作
by bus/plane /ship 乘公共汽车/乘飞机/坐船
at noon/night / dawn在中午/晚上/黎明
in bed 卧病在床
)
★零冠词记忆口诀:
(
下列情况应免冠

交通方式和节日,
学科

球棋

三餐;
星期、月份、季节
前;
三餐、球类、惯用语;
)
【练习】
1.(2025·上海虹口·一模)Choosing food of different colors is a great way to add ________ variety to our diet.
A.a B.an
C.the D./
2.(2025·上海杨浦·一模)Many apps today are designed to assist ________ blind with daily tasks.
A.a B.an C.the D./
3.(2025·上海静安·一模)Young people are showing interest in Guofeng culture for ________ time being.
A.a B.an C.the D./
4.(2025·上海嘉定·一模)The giraffe’s neck is two meters long—more than half ________ length of its body.
A.the B.a C.an D./
5.(2025·上海宝山·一模)Volunteers are travelling to the disaster area to take care of ________ homeless.
A.a B.an C.the D./
6.(2024·上海杨浦·一模)The soup is tasteless. Pass me ________ salt over there, please!
A.a B.an C.the D./
7.(2024·上海杨浦·二模)_________ old are taken good care of in our country.
A.A B.An C.The D./
8.(2024·上海长宁·二模)I usually buy a bunch of flowers for my mom on ________ Mothers’ Day.
A.the B./ C.a D.an
9.(23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末)The soup is tasteless. Pass me ________ salt over there, please!
A.a B.an C.the D./
10.(23-24九年级上·上海长宁·期末)The hospital provides the best medical care for ________ old.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
11.(23-24九年级上·上海金山·期末)Get into ________ habit of telling the truth, and you will find it really hard to tell a lie.
A.a B.an C.the D./
12.(23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末)Creating powerful characters can make your story come to ________ life.
A.a B.an C.the D./
13.(2024·上海普陀·二模)This doctor believes that the value of his work is to help _______ sick.
A.the B./ C.an D.a
14.(2024·上海虹口·二模)Kate cheered on her brother all ________ way, from the starting line to the finish.
A.a B.an C.the D./
15.(2024·上海徐汇·二模)My brother loves music and enjoys playing violin in his free time.
A.A B.an C.the D./
16.(2024·上海闵行·二模)The government has built several factories for ________ disabled to work in the town.
A.the B.a C.an D./
17.(2024·上海嘉定·二模)On my way to school, I always pass by ________ old library that was built in the 1920s.
A./ B.an C.the D.a
18.(2024·上海宝山·二模)Roddy often helps his mother lay ________ table and he sets a good example for his younger brother.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【课后巩固】
I. Fill in the blanks with "a, an". (用 a, an 或 the,不需要的地方用/表示)
1. old coat 2. umbrella
3. man 4. rice
5. strong tiger 6. egg
7. aeroplane 8. hour
9. homework 10. deer
II. Fill in the blanks with "a, an, the". (用a, an 或 the, 不需要的用/表示)
I have dress. dress is pink.
There is uniform on the chair.
Sue is American girl. She's from America.
There is pencil in my hand.
Is Judy playing violin
6. Wangs are visiting Great Wall.
This is milk. That's milk bottle.
We live on ninth floor.
On Saturday I often go to the supermarket with my parents.
10.This is strawberry jam. jam is sweet.
11. only child has no brothers or sisters.
12.We can see round moon in the sky.
III. Choose the best answer.
1. As ________ art teacher, Mr Lee shares classic music pieces around the world to the class.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. The soup is tasteless. Pass me ________ salt over there, please!
A. a B. an C. the D. /
3. We’d better not throw things away for ________ time being. They’ll be useful later.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
4. After dinner, I usually take my pet dog for ________ walk in the park.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
5. He is ________ European designer. He comes from ________ France.
A. an, the B. a, the C. an, / D. a, /
6. When in ________ trouble we’d better ask our teachers, parents, friends or classmates for help.
A. the B. a C. one D. /
7. Try to do one thing at ________ time, and do it well.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
8. The Double Ninth Festival reminds us to respect ________ elderly.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
9. It’s ________ common knowledge that light travels faster than sound.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
10. At ________ present, video calls are a common way for friends and families to stay in touch.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
11. Although Damin is _________ elderly man, he is strong enough to control the raft.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
12. Frank would like to write ________ article about Archimedes.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
13. It is bad manners to make ________ noise while eating soup.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
14. Would you mind passing me ________ dictionary next to the radio
A. a B. / C. the D. an

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