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8A第一单元知识过关第1讲--词汇
（一）核心名词（搭配 + 例句）
英文词汇 中文释义 常见搭配 典型例句
friendship / frend p/ 友谊 develop friendship（建立友谊）、value friendship（珍惜友谊）、last forever（永存） True friendship lasts forever.
honesty / n sti/ 诚实 honesty is the best policy（诚实为上策）、a man of honesty（诚实的人） Honesty is an important quality for friends.
humour / hju m (r)/ 幽默 a sense of humour（幽默感）、dry humour（冷幽默） He has a good sense of humour and often makes us laugh.
quality / kw l ti/ 品质；质量 good qualities（优良品质）、important qualities（重要品质） Kindness is one of the best qualities of a friend.
thought /θ t/ 想法；思想 write down one's thoughts（写下想法）、deep thoughts（深刻思想） She shared her thoughts about friendship with me.
seat /si t/ 座位 take a seat（坐下）、give one's seat to sb（给某人让座） She always gives her seat to the elderly on the bus.
（二）核心形容词（用法 + 辨析）
英文词汇 中文释义 关键用法 反义词 / 易混词
honest / n st/ 诚实的 be honest with sb（对某人诚实） dishonest（不诚实的）
humorous / hju m r s/ 幽默的 修饰人，搭配 "a humorous boy/man" serious（严肃的）
patient / pe nt/ 有耐心的 be patient with sb（对某人有耐心）；名词形式：patience impatient（没耐心的）
thoughtful / θ tfl/ 体贴的 强调 "关心他人感受"，如 "a thoughtful friend" careless（粗心的）
helpful / helpfl/ 乐于助人的 be helpful to sb（对某人有帮助）；动词形式：help unhelpful（无用的）
energetic / en d et k/ 精力充沛的 修饰人，搭配 "an energetic student" tired（疲惫的）
active / kt v/ 积极的 be active in class（课堂上积极）、active in sports（运动积极） inactive（不积极的）
trustworthy / tr stw i/ 值得信赖的 修饰人，搭配 "a trustworthy friend" untrustworthy（不可信的）
bored /b d/ 感到乏味的 主语是人，搭配 "feel bored with sth" interested（感兴趣的）
boring / b r / 令人乏味的 主语是物，搭配 "a boring film/book" interesting（有趣的）
（三）核心动词（固定搭配）
英文词汇 中文释义 高频搭配 时态 / 特殊形式
tell /tel/ 告诉；说 tell the truth（说实话）、tell lies（说谎）、tell jokes（讲笑话） 过去式：told
lie /la / 说谎；躺 lie to sb（对某人说谎）；"躺" 的过去式：lay 说谎过去式：lied
cheer /t (r)/ 使振作；欢呼 cheer sb up（使某人振作）、cheer for（为…… 欢呼） 现在分词：cheering
encourage / n k r d / 鼓励 encourage sb to do sth（鼓励某人做某事） 过去式：encouraged
understand / nd st nd/ 理解 understand sb well（很理解某人）、understand sth（理解某事） 过去式：understood
keep /ki p/ 保持；保守 keep a secret（保守秘密）、keep doing sth（一直做） 过去式：kept
make /me k/ 使；让 make sb laugh（使某人笑）、make sb do sth（让某人做） 过去式：made
feel /fi l/ 感觉；觉得 feel down（感到沮丧）、feel like doing sth（想要做） 过去式：felt
（四）语法关联词汇（比较级 / 最高级）
原级 比较级 最高级 中文释义
tall taller tallest 高的
long longer longest 长的
cute cuter cutest 可爱的
funny funnier funniest 滑稽的
slim slimmer slimmest 苗条的
good better best 好的（不规则）
bad worse worst 坏的（不规则）
important more important most important 重要的（多音节）
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 美丽的（多音节）
（一）根据中文提示或首字母补全单词
1. ______ (友谊) is the most precious gift in our lives.
2. My best friend is very ______ (诚实的) — she never hides the truth from me.
3. Tom is a h______ boy; his jokes always make the whole class laugh.
4. You need to be p______ with young children when teaching them.
5. Lisa is t______ — she always remembers my birthday and buys me small gifts.
6. I had a ______ (不眠之夜) because I was worried about the exam.
7. It's ______ (有用的) to keep a diary to improve your writing skills.
8. The lecture was so ______ (令人乏味的) that many people left early.
9. My teacher always e______ me to take part in English competitions.
10. To tell the t______, I prefer staying at home to going out on weekends.
（二）用括号内单词的适当形式填空
1. Johnson is a ______ (cheer) person; he never feels sad even when things go wrong.
2. Sally is ______ (care) than her brother — she checks her homework twice.
3. Helping others is ______ (meaning); it makes our life more colourful.
4. The little girl looked ______ (sad) than yesterday because she lost her pet.
5. Honesty and kindness are two of the most important ______ (quality) of a friend.
6. Thank you for ______ (listen) to my problems; you are really helpful.
7. My father is very ______ (energy); he usually gets up early and exercises.
8. It's ______ (use) to cry over mistakes; we should learn from them.
9. The warm words from my mom made me ______ (feel) better.
10. She is good at ______ (tie) her hair in different styles.
（三）词组汉译英（每空一词）
1. 说实话 → ______ the ______ 2. 幽默感 → a ______ of ______
3. 使我振作 → ______ me ______
4. 保守秘密 → ______ a ______
5. 与同学和睦相处 → ______ ______ with classmates
6. 擅长打羽毛球 → be ______ ______ playing badminton
7. 在危险时刻 → ______ ______ of danger
8. 感到沮丧 → ______ ______
9. 往好的方面看 → ______ on the ______ side
10. 帮我学英语 → ______ me ______ my English
（四）选词填空（用方框内词组的适当形式，每词限用一次）
cheer up, tell the truth, lie to, be on your side, do well in, feel down, keep a secret, look on the bright side
1. When you face difficulties, your true friends will always ______ and support you.
2. Don't ______ your teachers; they will help you if you ______.
3. My deskmate failed the math test and ______, so I tried to ______ her ______.
4. You can share your worries with her — she can ______ for you.
5. Even if you don't win the competition, you should ______ and try again next time.
6. Lucy ______ English; she often gets full marks in English exams.
参考答案
（一）根据中文提示或首字母补全单词
1. Friendship 2. honest 3. humorous 4. patient 5. thoughtful 6. sleepless 7. useful 8. boring 9. encourages 10. truth
（二）用括号内单词的适当形式填空
1. cheerful 2. more careful 3. meaningful 4. sadder 5. qualities 6. listening 7. energetic 8. useless 9. feel 10. tying
（三）词组汉译英
1. tell; truth 2. sense; humour 3. cheer; up 4. keep; secret 5. get along 6. good at 7. in times 8. feel down 9. look; bright 10. help; with
（四）选词填空
1. be on your side 2. lie to; tell the truth 3. felt down; cheer; up 4. keep a secret 5. look on the bright side 6. does well in

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