资源简介

人教版（2024）八年级上册
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home单词、短语+辨析+练习
Section A
序号 词汇 音标 词性及含义 核心搭配/用法 例句
1 pack /p k/ v. 打包；收拾 pack up（打包），“动词 + 副词” 结构，名词宾语可放中间或后面，代词宾语只能放中间 Jim’s dad asks him to pack up his things. = Jim’s dad asks him to pack his things up.
2 bathroom / bɑ θru m/ n. 浴室；洗手间 1. clean the bathroom（打扫浴室） 2. in the bathroom（在浴室里） 1. One of the chores is to clean the bathroom. 2. He is taking a shower in the bathroom.
3 sort /s t/ v. 把…… 分类；整理n. 种类 1. v.：sort...into...（把…… 分成……）；2. sort...from...（把…… 从…… 中挑选出来） 3. n.：sort（种类，相当于 kind/type），all sorts（各种各样） 1. Jim's dad asks him to sort things into boxes. 2. Please sort the bad apples from the good ones. 3. -What sort of music do you like -Oh, all sorts.
4 bedroom / bedru m/ n. 卧室 in the bedroom（在卧室里） He is sleeping in the bedroom.
5 balcony / b lk ni/ n. 阳台 on the balcony（在阳台上） Peter will grow flowers on the balcony.
6 hang up /h p/ 短语：挂起；挂断电话 挂起：后接物品，代词宾语放中间 2. 挂断电话注意：hang 的过去式为 hung 1. Please hang up your coat on the hook. 2. I said goodbye and hung up.
7 invite / n va t/ v. 邀请 1. invite sb to + 地名 / 活动名称（邀请某人去某地 / 参加某项活动） 2. invite sb to do sth（邀请某人做某事） 3. invitation（n. 邀请），accept an invitation（接受邀请），turn down an invitation（拒绝邀请） 1. Peter asks, "Mum, can I invite my friends to our new house " 2. I want to invite my classmates to my birthday party. 3. He happily accepted the invitation to his friend's home. 4. She turned down my invitation.
8 living room / l v ru m/ 短语：客厅 in the living room（在客厅） He keeps fish in the living room.
9 arrival / ra vl/ n. 到达 1. 表示到达某地，与介词 in 或 at 连用 2. the arrival of（…… 的到来） 3. 拓展：arrive（v. 到达），arrive in/at + 地名（到达……），arrive + 地点副词（到达……） 1. After our arrival in London, we went to visit the London Eye first. 2. We are all excited about the arrival of the new year. 3. He arrived in Beijing at 8:00 this morning.4. Peter usually arrives home at 5:00.
10 yet /jet/ adv.（用于否定句和疑问句）还conj. 但是 yet与already的区别(看表后的辨析） He hasn't finished his homework yet. Well, it's not 'grandma clean' yet! The car looks old, yet it runs very well.
11 add / d/ v. 添加；加 1. add sth to sth（把…… 加入……） 2. add to...（使…… 增加） 3. add up（把…… 加起来） 4. add up to（总共是；总计为） 1. Please remember to add some honey. 2. Do you want to add your name to the list 3. The TV adds to our happiness.
12 go shopping /ɡ p / 短语：去购物 相当于 do the shopping 1. I went shopping and bought something for my parents.
13 biscuit / b sk t/ n. 饼干 make biscuits（做饼干） My grandma makes delicious biscuits.
14 borrow / b r / v. 借（借入） 1. borrow sth from sb/somewhere（向某人 / 从某地借某物） 2. borrow one's sth（借某人的某物） borrow 与lend的区别(看表后的辨析） 1. I want to borrow a storybook from my classmate. 2. Can I borrow your English book
15 plan /pl n/ v. 策划；打算n. 计划；方案 过去式为 planned，现在分词为 planning v.：plan to do sth（计划 / 打算做某事） n.：make a plan (for...)（为…… 制定计划）， make a plan to do.../make plans to do...（制定计划做某事） We can plan a treasure hunt for my friends. She plans to visit her grandparents this Sunday. 3. We always make plans to do something interesting.
16 treasure / tre (r)/ n. 宝物；财富v. 珍视 1. n.：①（常用复数）art treasures（艺术珍品）； ②（不可数）hidden treasure（隐藏的财宝） 2. v.：treasure sth（珍视某物） There're many art treasures in the museum. They found some hidden treasure by the river. 3. I treasure our friendship.
17 hunt /h nt/ n. 搜寻；狩猎v. 搜寻；打猎 1. n.：treasure hunt（寻宝游戏），go on a hunt（去打猎） 2. v.：hunt for...（寻找……） 1. The kids had great fun in the treasure hunt. 2. They went on a hunt last weekend. 3. The children are hunting for shells on the beach.
18 lift /l ft/ n. 搭便车；电梯v. 举起；抬起 1. n.：①give sb a lift（开车顺便送某人）；②take the lift（乘电梯） 2. v.：lift sth up（举起某物） 1. Dad, could you please give me a lift to the shop this afternoon 2. It's on the eighth floor. Let's take the lift. 3. The mom lifted her baby up.
19 until / n t l/ prep./conj. 到……；直到…… 为止 作介词，后接名词或名词短语；作连词，引导时间状语从句 肯定句（到…… 时；直到…… 为止）：主句谓语动词须是延续性动词 3. 否定句（not...until... 直到…… 才……）：主句谓语动词常为非延续性动词 1. He read until 11:30pm. 2. He did not go to bed until 11:30pm. 3. He lived with his parents until he got married. 4. We didn't cut the cake until Amy made a wish.
20 be careful with /bi ke fl w / 短语：注意；当心 相当于 be careful of/about.. 拓展：be careful (not) to do sth（注意（不要）做某事）； be careful that + 从句（当心……） Please be careful with my glasses. You should be careful of your pronunciation. Be careful not to wake the baby. 4. Be careful that you don't catch a cold.
21 movie / mu vi/ n. 电影 1. the movies（电影业）；go to the movies（去看电影） 2. 拓展：“看电影” 的表达：see/watch a film/movie；see/watch films/movies；go to the cinema；go to see a movie 1. I want to work in the movies.2. Let's go to the movies.
22 dead /ded/ adj. 不运行的；死的n. 死亡（对应动词 die） adj.：①不运行的；②死的 2. 相关词：die（v. 死亡）；death（n. 死亡） 1. The phone is dead, so I can't call. 2. His cat is dead. He is very sad because of its death.
23 note /n t/ n. 笔记；记录；便条v. 注意；指出 1. n.：take notes/make notes/write notes（做笔记；做记录） 2. v.：note down（记录；记下） 1. Taking notes carefully is important for learning English well. 2. She left a note for Helen on the table. 3. I noted down the lecture.
24 clean up /kli n p/ 短语：清扫 “动词 + 副词” 结构，宾语为名词时可放中间或后面，代词宾语只能放中间 2. 拓展：clean-up（n. 清扫；清理），give sth a good clean-up（把某物好好清扫一下） 1. He often helps his parents clean up their room on weekends. 2. Your room is dirty. You should clean it up. 3. We must give our classroom a good clean-up.
25 community /k mju n ti/ n. 社区；社团 1. 复数形式：communities 2. clean up the community（清扫社区） 1. You and your classmates want to help clean up the community. 2. He refused to join any community.
26 rubbish / r b / n. 垃圾（不可数） 1. take out the rubbish（倒垃圾）；rubbish bin（垃圾桶） 1. Could you take out the rubbish 2. Don't throw rubbish on the ground.
Section B
序号 词汇 音标 词性 含义 用法 例句
1 almost / lm st/ adv. 差不多；几乎 与 nearly 同义，常位于实义动词之前，系动词 be、情态动词或助动词之后 It's almost the Spring Festival.（这差不多到春节了。） 2. I almost forget to write to him.（我几乎忘记给他写信。）
2 journey / d ni/ n. / v. n. 旅行；历程；v. 旅行 常见搭配：go on a journey（去旅行） The train journey took more than seven hours.（火车旅行花费了七个多小时。） 2. They will go on a long journey next month.（他们下个月将进行一次长途旅行。）
3 pull /p l/ vt. / n. vt. 拉；拖；拔；拽（反义词为 push，意为 “推”）；n. 拉；拖；拽 常见搭配： pull...out of...（把…… 从…… 中拉 / 拽出来）pull...into...（把…… 拉进…… 里） Grandpa helped us pull the heavy luggage into the house.（爷爷帮我们把沉重的行李拖进屋里。） You can pull the book out of the shelf if you need it.（你如果需要这本书，可以从书架上把它拽出来。） 3. I gave the door a sharp pull and it opened.（我猛地一拉，门就开了。）
4 luggage / l ɡ d / n. 行李 常见搭配：heavy luggage（沉重的行李） We need to take our luggage and get off the train.（我们需要拿着行李下火车。）
5 share / e (r)/ v. 分享；共用 常见搭配： share sth with sb（把…… 与某人分享） share sth between/ among sb（在某人间分配某物） share in sth（分摊 / 分享某物） I shared the snacks with my cousin and told Grandpa about school.（我和我的表妹分享了零食，还跟爷爷讲了学校的事。 2. Let's share the candies among our friends at the party.（咱们在聚会上把糖果分给朋友们吧。）
6 familiar /f m li (r)/ adj. 熟悉的 常作表语或定语，常见搭配： be familiar to sb（对某人来说…… 是熟悉的，主语常为物） be familiar with sth（熟悉 / 通晓某事物，主语常为人） The smell is very familiar to me.（我很熟悉这种气味。） I'm not familiar with her poetry.（我不熟悉她的诗作。）
7 joke /d k/ n. / v. n. 笑话；v. 开玩笑 常见搭配： tell a joke/jokes（讲笑话） play a joke on sb（开某人的玩笑） joke about（拿…… 开玩笑） He told a funny joke and made us laugh.（他讲了一个有趣的笑话，把我们逗笑了。） Tom played a joke on me just now.（汤姆刚才拿我开了个玩笑。） 3. I never joke about money.（我从来不拿钱开玩笑。）
8 several / sevr l/ pron. / adj. pron. 几个；一些；adj. 各自的；几个；数个 adj. 修饰可数名词复数 1. Several of us went there.（我们中的几个去了那里。）2. Several days later, they came back.（几天后，他们就回来了。）
9 nod /n d/ v. / n. v. 点头；点头致意；n. 点头 过去式为 nodded，现在分词为 nodding 常见搭配： nod to/at sb（向某人点头致意） nod one's head（点头） I nodded to him.（我向他点头致意。） 2. He greeted us with a nod of the head.（他向我们点点头打招呼。）
10 writer / ra t (r)/ cn. 作者 对应动词 write，过去式为 wrote，现在分词为 writing 常见搭配： a famous writer（一位著名的作者） 1. Mo Yan is a great writer in China.（莫言是中国一位伟大的作家。）
11 text /tekst/ n. / v. n. 正文；文本；v.（用手机给某人）发短信 常见搭配：text message（短信） Please read the text carefully before answering the questions.（请在回答问题之前仔细阅读文本。） I received a text message from my friend this morning.（我今天早上收到了朋友的短信。） 3. Mary texted me when she got home.（玛丽到家后给我发了短信。）
12 describe /d skra b/ v. 描述；形容 常见搭配：describe...to sb（向某人描述……）、describe...as...（把…… 描述成……）； 名词形式为 description，常见搭配：a description of...（…… 的描述） In the text, what words are used to describe people's feelings （在文本中，用了哪些词来描述人们的感受？ She describes girls as flowers.（她把女孩描述成花朵。） 3. That's a description of you.（那是对你的描述。）
13 wherever /we r ev (r)/ adv. / conj. 无论去哪里；在任何地方 conj. 相当于 no matter where；adv. 可表示 “究竟在哪儿” Remember you are Chinese wherever you go.（无论你去哪里，记住你是中国人。） 2. You can find friends wherever.（你在任何地方都能找到朋友。）
14 matter / m t (r)/ v. / n. v. 要紧；n. 问题 v. 不用于进行时； 常见搭配： What's the matter （怎么了？） 1. -Sorry, I broke your cup. -It doesn't matter.（- 对不起，我打碎了你的杯子。- 没关系。）2. They had important matters to discuss.（他们有些重要的问题要讨论。）
15 no matter /n m t / 短语 无论；不论；不要紧 与 what、who、when、where、how 等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句，需遵循 “主将从现” 原则； “no matter + 疑问词” 相当于 “疑问词 +-ever”（如 no matter how=however） No matter who you are, you must follow the rules.（无论你是谁，你必须遵守规则。） 2. My parents support me no matter what decision I make.（无论我做什么决定，我的父母都支持我。）
16 perhaps /p h ps; pr ps/ adv. 也许；可能 与 probably、maybe 为近义词，用法有差异（见辨析部分） Perhaps we will go to the park tomorrow.（也许我们明天会去公园。） 2. Perhaps he won't come.（也许他不会来。）
17 plate /ple t/ n. 盘子；碟子 常见搭配：a plate of...（一盘……） There is a plate of fruit on the table.（桌子上有一盘水果。）
18 freshly / fre li/ adv. 刚刚 通常后接过去分词；形容词形式为 fresh（新产的；新进的；新鲜的） I bought some freshly baked bread.（我买了一些刚烤好的面包。） 2. This morning I bought some fresh vegetables.（今早上我买了一些新鲜蔬菜。）
19 smell /smel/ v. / n. v. 发臭；闻到；有 / 发出…… 气味（系动词）；n. 气味；臭味 vi. 发臭（过去式：smelled/smelt）；系动词用法时后接 adj. 1. The food went bad and started to smell.（这些食物坏了，开始发臭。） 2. Dinner smells good.（晚饭闻起来很香。） 3. What's that smell （这是一股什么臭味？）
20 joy /d / n. 喜悦；乐趣 常见搭配： bring joy to sb（给某人带来欢乐） with joy（高兴地） to one's joy（使某人高兴的是） the joy of...（…… 的乐趣） She danced with joy.（她高兴地跳起舞来。） 2. To my great joy, they came to my party.（使我感到非常高兴的是，他们来参加了我的派对。） 3. Your arrival brings joy to us.（你们的到来给我们带来了欢乐。）
21 apartment / pɑ tm nt/ n. 房间；公寓套房 常见搭配：apartment building（公寓楼）、an apartment（一套公寓） He lives in a small apartment.（他住在一个小公寓套房里。）
22 block /bl k/ n. / v. n. 大楼；街区；大块；v. 阻挡；堵塞 常见搭配：apartment block（公寓楼） office block（办公大楼） a block of...（一大块……） There is a new apartment block across the street.（街对面有一座新的公寓大楼。） He picked up a block of wood and carried it inside.（他捡起一大块木头，把它搬了进去。） 3. A fallen tree is blocking the road.（一棵倒下的树把路阻断了。）
23 decorate / dek re t/ v. 装饰；装潢 常见搭配：decorate...with...（用…… 装饰……）； 名词形式为 decoration（装饰；装潢） We decorate the Christmas tree with lights and balls.（我们用彩灯和彩球装饰圣诞树。） My mom and I made some DIY decorations.（我和妈妈做了一些手工装饰品。）
24 cover / k v (r)/ v. / n. v. 遮盖；包括；n. 遮盖物；封皮 常见搭配：cover...with...（用…… 遮盖……） be covered with...（被…… 覆盖） He covered his face with his hands.（他用双手捂住脸。） 2. The cover of the book is nice.（这本书的封面很漂亮。）
25 poster / p st (r)/ n. 海报 常见搭配：a movie poster（一张电影海报） There is a poster on the wall.（墙上有一张海报。）
26 scissors / s z z/ n. 剪刀 常用搭配：a pair of scissors（一把剪刀） I need a pair of scissors to cut the paper.（我需要一把剪刀来剪纸。）
27 glue /ɡlu / n. / v. n. 胶水；v. 粘贴 不可数名词，常见搭配：a bottle of glue（一瓶胶水） I made a model out of paper and glue.（我用纸和胶水制作了一个模型。） 2. She glued the label onto the box.（她把标签贴在箱子上。）
28 paper cutting / pe p k t / n. 剪纸 中国传统艺术，常用搭配：Chinese paper cutting（中国剪纸） Paper cutting is a traditional Chinese art.（剪纸是中国的一项传统艺术。）
主要短语
1.go on holiday / vacation 去度假
2.take music lessons 上音乐课
3.visit my grandparents 看望我的祖父母
4.visit some ancient buildings 参观一些古建筑
5.go to a festival 参加一个节日活动
6.go to the mountains 去爬山
7.go to a summer camp 去参加夏令营
8.go back to…回到…
9.strawberry festival 草莓节
10.hear in 在……中听到
11.stay with...和……待在一起
12.hike in the mountains 在山里徒步
13.see the sunrise 看日出
14.eat something special 吃特别的东西
15.go somewhere interesting 去有趣的地方
16.do nothing special 没做特别的事
17.take one’s breath away 令人惊叹
18.take a lot of great photos 拍很多很棒的照片
19.stay at home 待在家
20.have a wonderful experience：有一次很棒的
经历
21.arrive at the town 到达城镇
22.spend a few days 度过几天
23.walk towards the window 走向窗户
24.stand up 站起；起立
25.World War II 第二次世界大战
26.fight against 与……作斗争
27.walk through…步行穿过…
28.tell stories 讲故事
29.thousands of 成千上万的
30.fall down 落下；掉落
31.a lot of 许多；大量
32.feel like (doing)感觉像… ；想要做…
33.travel around 四处游览
34.after that 在这之后
35.a group of 一群
36.get together 聚在一起
37.take out 拿出；取出
38.learn about 了解关于
39.the history of a country 一个国家的历史
40.in the sun 在阳光下
41.go over budget 超出预算
42.make sb. smile 让某人微笑
43.do nothing but relax 除了放松什么也不做
44.have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩
得开心
45.in the countryside 在乡下
46.beautiful scenery 美丽的风景
47.for example 例如
48.make a noise 发出声响
49.turn around 转身
50.look for 寻找
词汇辨析+练习
yet & already
yet 多用于疑问句或否定句，谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事；
The guests haven't arrived yet.
already 多用于肯定句，强调某事已经发生，或用于疑问句表惊奇、意外
Peter has already finished his homework.
【yet & already 专项练习】（共 8 小题）
请根据句意，在横线上填入 “yet” 或 “already”。
—Has Tom finished his homework ________
—No, he is still working on it.
We have ________ visited the Great Wall twice, so we don’t want to go there again.
The train hasn’t arrived ________. Let’s wait for another 10 minutes.
—________ you told your mom about the school trip
—Yes, I told her this morning.（表惊奇，对方没想到告知得这么早）
She hasn’t read the new book ________, but she plans to read it this weekend.
They have ________ booked the hotel for their summer holiday. They are so prepared!
—Is the movie over ________
—No, it will end in 20 minutes.
He has ________ eaten three apples today. He must like them very much.
lend & borrow
lend（借出）, lend sb sth = lend sth to sb；
Tom lent Jenny his book.=Tom lent his book to Jenny.
borrow（借入）, borrow sth from sb = borrow one's sth
Mum borrowed some money from my uncle.
注意：borrow 和 lend 是短暂性动词，不能与表时间段的状语连用，可用 keep sth for some time（借用某物一段时间）
【lend & borrow 专项练习】（共 7 小题）
（一）选词填空
请根据句意，在横线上填入 “lend” 或 “borrow” 的适当形式。
Can you ________ me your English dictionary I left mine at home.
I want to ________ a storybook from the school library.
She often ________ her pen to her deskmate because he always loses his.
—Could I ________ your bike this afternoon
—Sure, but please return it before 6 pm.
He asked his friend to ________ him some money to buy a new phone.
（二）句型转换
请将下列句子改写为同义句，每空一词。
6. My sister lent me her umbrella.（改为同义句）
I ________ my sister’s umbrella ________ her.
7. He borrowed a laptop from his cousin.（改为同义句）
His cousin ________ a laptop ________ him.
journey, trip, travel 与 tour
journey：名词，指陆上长途旅行，强调旅行的路程和时间较长。
I'll make a long journey this vacation.（这个假期我要作一次长途旅行。
trip：名词，指陆上短途旅行，侧重短期的出行。
We had a short trip to the countryside last weekend.（上周末我们去乡下进行 了一次短途旅行。）
travel：可作名词或动词，泛指旅行、游历，不强调具体的路程或时间，作名词时常用复数形式。
He is travelling in Hainan.（他正在海南旅行。）
Travel broadens the mind.（旅行开阔眼界。）
tour：可作名词或动词，指途中在许多地方作短暂停留的观光游览。
He made a three-day tour to Hong Kong.（他去香港进行了三日游。）
We spent four weeks touring Europe.（我们花了四个星期周游欧洲。）
【“journey, trip, travel 与 tour” 辨析练习题】
My parents are planning a long ________ across the desert by camel next year. (journey / trip / travel / tour)
We had a wonderful ________ to the nearby mountain village last weekend, and we came back in the evening. (journey / trip / travel / tour)
________ has always been a way for him to learn about different cultures around the world. (Journey / Trip / Travel / Tour)
The band will go on a ________ around Asia next month, performing in ten different cities. (journey / trip / travel / tour)
The ________ from Beijing to Shanghai by high-speed train only takes about four hours now. (journey / trip / travel / tour)
She took a short ________ to the supermarket to buy some milk just now. (journey / trip / travel / tour)
His ________ in Africa lasted for half a year, and he visited many local tribes during that time. (journey / trip / travel / tour)
We decided to take a ________ of the ancient castle, and the guide told us many interesting stories about it. (journey / trip / travel / tour)
After a long ________ by ship, they finally arrived at the small island. (journey / trip / travel / tour)
My uncle's job requires a lot of ________, so he often stays in different countries for work. (journey / trip / travel / tour)
perhaps, probably 与 maybe
perhaps：副词，可能性不大，相当于 maybe，但比 maybe 更正式，可用于句首、句中或句末。
Perhaps they wouldn't like us to come.（也许他们不想让我们来。）”
probably：副词，在三者中可能性最大，常用于肯定句，可位于 be 动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。
He probably won't come here.（他大概不会来这儿。）
maybe：副词，可能性不大，常用于句首，还可表示委婉的建议或要求。
Maybe we can go to the cinema tonight.（也许我们今晚可以去看电影。）
【“perhaps, probably 与 maybe” 辨析练习题】
________ we can go to the new restaurant downtown for dinner tonight. I heard their food is very delicious. (Perhaps / Probably / Maybe)
He ________ won't attend the meeting tomorrow because he has to take care of his sick mother. (perhaps / probably / maybe)
________ it will snow tomorrow morning, but the weather forecast isn't very sure. (Perhaps / Probably / Maybe)
The movie ________ starts at 7 p.m. Let's check the ticket information again to confirm. (perhaps / probably / maybe)
________ you should talk to your teacher directly if you have any questions about the homework. (Perhaps / Probably / Maybe)
She ________ forgot to bring her umbrella this morning because she was in a hurry. (perhaps / probably / maybe)
________ the train will be delayed by half an hour due to the heavy rain. (Perhaps / Probably / Maybe)
He is ________ the most talented musician in our school. Everyone likes his performances. (perhaps / probably / maybe)
________ we need to prepare more food for the party in case more guests come. (Perhaps / Probably / Maybe)
The exam ________ won't be too difficult if you have studied hard these days. (perhaps / probably / maybe)
答案及解析
【yet & already 专项练习】（共 8 小题）
答案：yet
解析：问句为现在完成时的疑问句，且答句 “he is still working on it”（他还在做）表明动作 “未完成”，符合 “yet 多用于疑问句，表尚未发生的事” 的用法。
答案：already
解析：句子为肯定句，“has visited”（已经参观）强调动作 “已发生”，且 “twice”（两次）进一步说明动作完成的次数，符合 “already 多用于肯定句，表动作已发生” 的用法。
答案：yet
解析：否定句 “hasn’t arrived”（还没到）后接 “yet”，表 “动作尚未发生”，结合 “wait for another 10 minutes”（再等 10 分钟）的语境，符合 “yet 用于否定句的规则”。
答案：Already
解析：问句为现在完成时的疑问句，括号提示 “表惊奇，对方没想到告知得这么早”，符合 “already 用于疑问句，表惊奇、意外” 的特殊用法，句首首字母需大写。
答案：yet
解析：否定句 “hasn’t read”（还没读）后接 “yet”，表 “动作未完成”，后半句 “plans to read it this weekend”（计划周末读）进一步说明动作 “尚未发生但可能发生”，贴合 “yet 的核心用法”。
答案：already
解析：肯定句 “have booked”（已经预订）强调动作 “提前完成”，结合 “so prepared”（如此有准备）的语境，符合 “already 表动作已发生且带有‘提前’意味” 的用法。
答案：yet
解析：问句为现在完成时的疑问句（“Is the movie over” 可理解为 “Has the movie been over” 的省略语境），答句 “will end in 20 minutes”（20 分钟后结束）表明动作 “未完成”，故用 “yet”。
答案：already
解析：肯定句 “has eaten”（已经吃了）强调动作 “已发生”，“three apples”（三个苹果）体现动作完成的量，符合 “already 用于肯定句，突出动作已完成” 的用法。
【lend & borrow 专项练习】（共 7 小题）
（一）选词填空
答案：lend
解析：句中 “you” 是 “借出” 字典的一方，“me” 是 “借入” 的一方，“lend sb sth”（借给某人某物）是固定搭配，且情态动词 “Can” 后接动词原形，故填 “lend”。
答案：borrow
解析：句中 “我” 是 “从图书馆借入” 故事书的一方，“borrow sth from...”（从…… 借入某物）是固定搭配，“want to” 后接动词原形，故填 “borrow”。
答案：lends
解析：句中 “she” 是 “借出” 钢笔的一方，“her deskmate” 是 “借入” 的一方，“lend sth to sb”（把某物借给某人）是固定搭配；主语 “she” 是第三人称单数，且 “often”（经常）表一般现在时，故动词用 “lends”。
答案：borrow
解析：句中 “我” 是 “借入” 自行车的一方，“your bike” 是被借的物品，“Could I borrow...”（我能借…… 吗）是常用请求句式，后接动词原形，故填 “borrow”。
答案：lend
解析：句中 “his friend” 是 “借出” 钱的一方，“him” 是 “借入” 的一方，“ask sb to do sth”（要求某人做某事）后接动词原形，“lend sb sth”（借给某人某物）符合语境，故填 “lend”。
（二）句型转换
答案：borrowed；from
解析：原句 “lent me her umbrella”（把她的伞借给我）中，“my sister” 是借出方，“I” 是借入方；同义句需以 “我” 为主语，用 “borrow sth from sb”（从某人借入某物）结构，原句时态为一般过去时，故 “borrow” 用过去式 “borrowed”。
答案：lent；to
解析：原句 “borrowed a laptop from his cousin”（从他表哥那借了一台笔记本电脑）中，“he” 是借入方，“his cousin” 是借出方；同义句需以 “his cousin” 为主语，用 “lend sth to sb”（把某物借给某人）结构，原句时态为一般过去时，故 “lend” 用过去式 “lent”。
【“journey, trip, travel 与 tour” 辨析练习题】
journey
解析：“journey” 指陆上长途旅行，强调路程和时间长，“穿越沙漠的长途旅行” 符合其用法，故填 “journey”。
trip
解析：“trip” 指陆上短途旅行，侧重短期出行，“去附近山村且晚上就回来的旅行” 是短途出行，填 “trip”。
Travel
解析：“travel” 作名词时泛指旅行、游历，常用复数形式，但此处位于句首作主语，泛指旅行这一行为，用 “Travel”（首字母大写），符合 “旅行是他了解世界不同文化的方式” 的语境。
tour
解析：“tour” 指在多个地方短暂停留的观光游览或演出等，“乐队在亚洲十个城市演出” 属于此类，填 “tour”。
journey
解析：“journey” 可指长途的行程，“从北京到上海的高铁行程” 是较长距离的行程，填 “journey”。
trip
解析：“trip” 侧重短期、短途的出行，“去超市买牛奶” 是短时间的短途出行，填 “trip”。
travel
解析：“travel” 泛指旅行，此处 “在非洲的旅行持续半年” 强调旅行的经历，并非特定的长途或短途行程，填 “travel”。
tour
解析：“tour” 有 “参观、游览” 的含义，“参观古堡” 符合其用法，填 “tour”。
journey
解析：“journey” 可指通过各种交通工具的长途行程，“乘船的长途行程” 符合，填 “journey”。
travel
解析：“travel” 泛指旅行，“工作需要经常旅行” 强调旅行这一行为，填 “travel”。
【“perhaps, probably 与 maybe” 辨析练习题】
Maybe/Perhaps
解析：“maybe” 常用于句首，表可能性不大且可提建议；“perhaps” 也可用于句首，比 “maybe” 稍正式，此处 “建议去新餐厅吃饭”，两者均可，故填 “Maybe/Perhaps”。
probably
解析：“probably” 在三者中可能性最大，常用于肯定句，位于实义动词之前，“因为要照顾生病的母亲，所以很可能不参加会议”，可能性大，填 “probably”。
Perhaps/Maybe
解析：“perhaps” 和 “maybe” 均表可能性不大，“天气预报不确定明天是否下雪”，可能性小，且位于句首，两者均可，填 “Perhaps/Maybe”。
probably
解析：“probably” 可能性最大，“查看票务信息确认电影开始时间”，说明对 “七点开始” 有较大把握，填 “probably”。
Perhaps/Maybe
解析：“perhaps” 和 “maybe” 可用于句首提建议，“建议有作业问题直接找老师”，可能性不大且表建议，两者均可，填 “Perhaps/Maybe”。
probably
解析：“probably” 可能性大，“因为匆忙，所以很可能忘带伞”，有合理原因支撑，可能性较大，填 “probably”。
Perhaps/Maybe
解析：“perhaps” 和 “maybe” 表可能性不大，“大雨可能导致火车延误半小时”，无明确证据表明可能性大，填 “Perhaps/Maybe”。
probably
解析：“probably” 可能性最大，“大家都喜欢他的表演，所以他很可能是学校最有才华的音乐家”，有依据支撑，可能性大，填 “probably”。
Perhaps/Maybe
解析：“perhaps” 和 “maybe” 表可能性不大，“为以防更多客人来而准备更多食物”，是不确定的推测，填 “Perhaps/Maybe”。
probably
解析：“probably” 可能性大，“如果努力学习，考试很可能不难”，有条件支撑，可能性较大，填 “probably”。

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