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情态动词场景对比表
核心场景 对应情态动词 关键用法说明 例句
能力 can 现在/普遍能力，语气直接、口语化 She can speak three languages.
could 过去能力；现在能力的委婉表达（比can弱） I could play the piano when I was 5.
许可 can 日常、口语化许可，语气较随意 You can use my phone.
may 正式、礼貌的许可，比can更规范 May I enter the meeting room
could/might 极委婉的许可（极少用），语气最弱，更偏向“试探” Could I ask one more question
意愿/将来 will 当下直接的意愿；客观将来，无委婉感 I will help you move. / Tomorrow will rain.
would 过去的意愿；现在委婉的意愿/请求，比will客气 He said he would call me. / Would you like coffee
义务/建议 must 语气最强，表“必须、强制义务”，不容置疑 You must follow the rules.
should 表“建议、理应如此”，语气温和，无强制性 You should get enough sleep.
shall 仅第一人称（I/we），表“主动提议”；官方规定的强硬义务（日常少用） Shall we go for dinner / You shall not smoke here.
need 表“必要”，情态动词仅用于否定/疑问；实义动词“need to do”表肯定必要 You needn’t hurry. / I need to finish this work.
推测（语气从强到弱） must 90%肯定，表“一定、肯定” He isn’t here—he must be in the office.
should 80%“理应如此”，表“按常理应该” The train should arrive on time.
can 仅用于否定/疑问，表“不可能/难道” Can it be true / He can’t be at home.
could 50%可能，表“有可能”，比may稍弱 It could rain this afternoon.
may 40%可能，表“或许、也许” She may come to the party.
might 20%极低可能，表“说不定、大概”，语气最弱 We might see a star tonight.
情态动词专项练习题
一、单项选择（选出最恰当的情态动词）
1. — ______ you pass me the salt, please
— Sure, here you are.
A. Must B. Could C. Need D. Shall
2. He ______ swim very well when he was only 6 years old.
A. can B. may C. could D. might
3. You ______ be quiet in the library; it’s a rule for everyone.
A. should B. must C. would D. may
4. The road is wet. It ______ have rained last night.
A. must B. should C. can D. might
5. — ______ we go to the cinema this weekend
— That sounds great!
A. Will B. Would C. Shall D. Should
6. You ______ worry about me. I’m old enough to take care of myself.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
7. — ______ this be your first time visiting Beijing
— Yes, it is. Everything here is new to me.
A. May B. Must C. Can D. Should
8. If you want to improve your English, you ______ practice speaking every day.
A. will B. should C. would D. may
二、用括号内情态动词的适当形式填空
1. My grandma ______ (can) dance beautifully when she was young, but now she ______ (not/can) because of her knee pain.
2. You ______ (must) not park here; there’s a “No Parking” sign over there.
3. — ______ (shall) we order some food online I’m too tired to cook.
— Good idea!
4. The door is locked. He ______ (must) be out; he usually goes for a walk at this time.
She ______ (should) have told me the truth yesterday, but she kept silent.
情态动词专项练习题答案
一、单项选择
1. B（解析：请求递东西，需委婉语气，could 符合“委婉请求”场景，must 表强制、need 表必要、shall 表提议，均不匹配）
2. C（解析：描述“过去的能力”，用 can 的过去式 could，may/might 表可能，不符合“能力”场景）
3. B（解析：图书馆安静是“必须遵守的规则”，must 表最强强制义务，should 表建议、would 表意愿、may 表许可，均不匹配）
4. A（解析：路面湿是“90%肯定下雨”的证据，must 表最强推测，should 表“理应”、can 不用于肯定推测、might 表极低可能，均不匹配）
5. C（解析：提议周末看电影，第一人称 we 后用 shall 表“主动提议”，will 表将来、would 表委婉意愿、should 表建议，均不匹配）
6. A（解析：“无需担心”，needn’t 表“不必要”，mustn’t 表“禁止”、shouldn’t 表“不应该”、can’t 表“不能”，均不匹配）
7. C（解析：疑问语气表“难道是第一次”，can 用于否定推测，may/must/should 均不用于此疑问场景）
8. B（解析：“建议每天练口语”，should 表温和建议，will 表将来、would 表委婉、may 表可能，均不匹配）
二、用括号内情态动词的适当形式填空
1. could；can’t（前半句“过去能跳舞”用 could，后半句“现在不能”用 can’t）
2. must（“禁止停车”是强制规定，用 must not）
3. Shall（第一人称 we 表“提议点外卖”，用 Shall 开头）
4. must（“门锁+通常散步”是“肯定外出”的证据，用 must 表强推测）
5. should（“昨天本应说实话却没说”，用 should have done 表“过去本应做却未做”）

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